JP3551449B2 - Flame retardant polyolefin resin foam - Google Patents

Flame retardant polyolefin resin foam Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3551449B2
JP3551449B2 JP26608193A JP26608193A JP3551449B2 JP 3551449 B2 JP3551449 B2 JP 3551449B2 JP 26608193 A JP26608193 A JP 26608193A JP 26608193 A JP26608193 A JP 26608193A JP 3551449 B2 JP3551449 B2 JP 3551449B2
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Prior art keywords
foam
parts
acid
polyolefin resin
weight
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JP26608193A
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JPH07118435A (en
Inventor
博英 坂野
愛三 竹内
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Tosoh Corp
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Tosoh Corp
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は良好な難燃性、柔軟性および発泡外観を有し燃焼時に腐食性ガスの発生のないポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポリオレフィン系樹脂の発泡体は軽量でソフトな感触を有し弾力性に富むため、履物の底材や芯材、緩衝材等に広く使用されている。しかしポリオレフィン系樹脂の発泡体は燃え易いため、建材などの難燃性を要求される用途には一般に使用することができない。ポリオレフィン系樹脂の発泡体を難燃化するため、難燃剤として一般に使用されているハロゲン系難燃剤または非ハロゲン系難燃剤をポリオレフィン系樹脂に添加しても難燃性発泡体は得られず、難燃性に優れたポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体を得ることは困難であった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は良好な難燃性、柔軟性および発泡外観を有し燃焼時に腐食性ガスの発生のないポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題の解決のため鋭意検討した結果、難燃剤として非ハロゲン系の赤燐および特定の膨張性および特定の粒径を有する膨張黒鉛を用いることにより上記課題が解決できることを見いだし本発明を完成するに至った。
【0005】
即ち本発明はポリオレフィン系樹脂(1)100重量部に対し、赤燐(2)1〜30重量部、1000℃における膨張度が100cc/g以上であり、かつ粒径が80〜120メッシュである加熱膨張性黒鉛(3)1〜30重量部および発泡剤(4)1〜30重量部を添加した組成物を発泡させてなる難燃性ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体に関する。
【0006】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0007】
本発明の発泡体における組成物の成分(1)として用いられるポリオレフィン系樹脂とは、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、3−メチル−1−ブテン、3−メチル−1−ペンテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン等のα−オレフィンの単独重合体、これらα−オレフィン2種以上の共重合体、あるいはこれらα−オレフィンと他の共重合可能な不飽和単量体との共重合体が挙げられる。具体的に例示すると、高密度、中密度、低密度ポリエチレン、エチレンとプロピレン、1−ブテン、3−メチル−1−ブテン、3−メチル−1−ペンテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−ノネン、1−デセン等の1種以上のα−オレフィンとの共重合体、プロピレンとエチレン、1−ブテン、3−メチル−1−ブテン、3−メチル−1−ペンテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−ノネン、1−デセン等の1種以上のα−オレフィンとの共重合体、エチレンと酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のビニルエステルとの共重合体、該エチレンとビニルエステル共重合体のケン化物、エチレンとアクリル酸またはメタクリル酸のメチル、エチル、n−ブチル、イソブチル等の不飽和カルボン酸エステルとの共重合体、エチレンとアクリル酸、メタクリル酸等の不飽和カルボン酸との共重合体およびその金属塩、エチレン/ビニルエステル/一酸化炭素共重合体、エチレン/不飽和カルボン酸エステル/一酸化炭素共重合体、エチレン/不飽和カルボン酸エステル/不飽和カルボン酸共重合体およびその金属塩、エチレン/ビニルエステル/不飽和カルボン酸共重合体およびその金属塩、エチレン/メチルアクリレート/モノエチルマレエート共重合体、エチレン/酢酸ビニル/モノエチルマレエート共重合体等があげらる。更に上記各樹脂のシラン変性、カルボン酸変性等の変性体なども用いることができる。そしてこれら樹脂は単独で又は2種以上の混合物として使用される。以上述べた樹脂のうちエチレン/酢酸ビニル共重合体あるいは低密度ポリエチレンを用いることにより特に優れた難燃性、柔軟性及び発泡外観を有する発泡体が得られるので好ましい。
【0008】
本発明の発泡体における組成物の成分(2)として用いられる赤燐は、樹脂への分散性の点から20μ以下の粒径をもつものが好ましい。また、フェノール樹脂やチタネートカップリング剤等によって表面処理された赤燐も使用することができる。この赤燐の配合量はポリオレフィン系樹脂(1)100重量部に対し1〜30重量部、好ましくは3〜20重量部である。該配合量が1重量部未満では難燃性に劣り、また30重量部を超えると発泡体の柔軟性に劣りコストアップとなる。
【0009】
本発明の発泡体における組成物の成分(3)として用いられる加熱膨張性黒鉛とは、1000℃における膨張度が100cc/g以上であり、その粒径は80〜120メッシュのものである。ここで膨張度とはかさ密度の逆数を言い、膨張度が100cc/g未満のものを用いると得られる発泡体の難燃性に劣る。また加熱膨張性黒鉛の粒径が80メッシュオンのものを用いると、得られる発泡体にボイド(気泡材料中に偶然に形成されかつ個々の固有の気泡よりも大きい空間)が発生し、発泡体を切断したときの切断面の外観が悪くなる。また粒径が120メッシュパスのものを用いると得られる発泡体の難燃性に劣る。この加熱膨張性黒鉛(3)は例えば鱗片状黒鉛を硫酸中で電解酸化する、または燐酸、硫酸、硝酸、過塩素酸等から選ばれた2種以上の混酸により酸化する等の酸化処理して得られる。該加熱膨張性黒鉛の配合量はポリオレフィン系樹脂(1)100重量部に対し1〜30重量部、好ましくは3〜20重量部である。該配合量が1重量部未満では得られる発泡体の難燃性に劣り、また30重量部を超えると得られる発泡体の柔軟性に劣りコストアップとなる。
【0010】
本発明の発泡体は難燃剤として上述の成分(2)および(3)の非ハロゲン系難燃剤を採用しているので、ハロゲン系難燃剤を配合したものと異なり燃焼時に発煙量が多いとか、ハロゲン化水素等の腐食性ガスが発生し機器、装置の損傷や火災の際に避難する人が煙のために逃げ道を失う等の問題がない。
【0011】
また本発明の発泡体において組成物の成分(4)として用いられる発泡剤とは、化学的な変化なしに揮発する常温で液体または気体状の蒸発型発泡剤(物理的発泡剤)および化学的な分解によって窒素、二酸化炭素、アンモニア等のガスを発生する分解型発泡剤(化学的発泡剤)である。
【0012】
上記蒸発型発泡剤としては、n−プロパン、n−ペンタン、n−ヘキサン、ネオペンタン、イソヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素、塩化メチル、二塩化メチレン等の塩素化脂肪族炭化水素、トリクロルモノフルオルメタン、ジクロルテトラフルオルエタン等のふっ素化脂肪族炭化水素等が例示でき、これらは単独でまたは2種以上の混合物として利用される。一方、分解型発泡剤としては重炭酸ナトリウム、重炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、亜硝酸アンモニウム、カルシウムアジドを始めとするアジド化合物等の無機発泡剤、N,N′−ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン(DPT)、N,N′−ジメチル−N,N′−ジニトロソテレフタルアミド(DMDNTA)等のニトロソ化合物、アゾジカルボンアミド(ADCA)、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AZDN)、バリウムアゾジカルボキシレート等のアゾ化合物、ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド(BSH)、p,p′−オキシビス(ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド)(OBSH)、トルエンスルホニルヒドラジド(TSH)またはその誘導体等のスルホニルヒドラジド、p−トルエンスルホニルセミカルバジド(TSC)、トリヒドラジノトリアジン、p,p′−オキシビスベンゼンスルホニルセミカルバジド(OBSC)等が例示でき、これらは単独でまたは2種以上の混合物として利用される。
【0013】
上記発泡剤のうちでは細かな均一な発泡セルが得られることから分解型発泡剤が好ましく、分解型発泡剤のうちではアゾジカルボンアミド(ADCA)、p,p′−オキシビス(ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド)(OBSH)等のポリオレフィン系樹脂の融点以上で融点+50℃以下の分解温度を有するものが特に好ましく用いられる。
【0014】
上記発泡剤(4)の配合量はポリオレフィン系樹脂100重量部に対し1〜30重量部、好ましくは3〜20重量部である。該配合量が1重量部未満では得られる発泡体の発泡倍率が低くなり柔軟性に欠け、30重量部を越えると発泡成形性に劣る。
【0015】
また上記発泡剤の分解を助成し分解温度を引き下げる等の目的でしゅう酸、サリチル酸、フタル酸、安息香酸、ほう酸、炭酸、マロン酸、クエン酸、フマル酸、コハク酸、アジピン酸、けい酸等の有機酸、尿素、ほう砂、エタノールアミン、酸化亜鉛、炭酸鉛等の発泡助剤を組成物中に添加してもよい。
【0016】
以上述べた成分(1)〜(4)からなる組成物中には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で必要に応じ、成分(2)および(3)以外の難燃剤を添加してもよい。成分(2)および(3)以外の難燃剤としては、例えば酸化アンチモン、アンチモニーシリコオキシド、ほう酸亜鉛等の無機化合物、トリス(クロロエチル)ホスフェート、トリス(モノクロロプロピル)ホスフェート、トリス(ジクロロプロピル)ホスフェート、ビス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)−ジクロロプロピルホスフェート、トリス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)ホスフェート、トリス(2−ブロモ−3−クロロプロピル)ホスフェート、トリス(ブロモクレジル)ホスフェート、臭素化りん酸エステル系、含ハロゲン縮合有機りん酸エステル、含臭素・塩素りん酸エステル、含塩素りん酸エステル、塩素含りんエステル系、エチレンビストリス−(2−シアノエチル)ホスフォニウムブロミド、テトラキシ(ヒドロキシメチル)ホスフォニウムクロリド、臭素化アルキルアシドホスフェート、ジ−(ポリオキシエチレン)−ヒドロキシメチルホスフォネート、ポリりん酸アンモン、低縮合りん酸アンモン等のりん系難燃剤、テトラブロモブタン、ヘキサブロモベンゼン、ペンタブロモエチルベンゼン、ヘキサブロモビフェニル、デカブロモジフェニルオキシド、ペンタブロモクロロシクロヘキサン、テトラブロモビスフェノールA誘導体、テトラブロモビスフェノールS、トリス−(2,3−ジブロモプロピル−1)−イソシアヌレート、2,2−ビス−[4(2,3−ジブロモプロポキシ)3,5−ジブロモフェニル]−プロパン、臭素化アセチレンアルコール、臭素化エポキシ樹脂等の臭素系難燃剤、塩素化パラフィン、塩素化ポリオレフィン、ジメチルクロレンデート等の塩素系難燃剤等が挙げられ、これらは単独でまたは2種以上の混合物として添加できる。
【0017】
また上記組成物中には本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で必要に応じて、有機・無機充填剤、有機過酸化物、滑剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤、可塑剤、ブロッキング防止剤、造核剤、透明化剤、界面活性剤、触媒中和剤等の一般にポリオレフィン系樹脂に添加される添加剤を添加してもよい。
【0018】
本発明の発泡体を得るためには上述の組成物を発泡させるが、この発泡は物理的または化学的発泡で行われ、特に限定されるものではなく、分解型発泡剤、赤燐および黒鉛をポリオレフィン系樹脂の融点以上、発泡剤の分解温度以下で溶融混練して得られるシートを発泡剤の分解温度以上に加熱し常圧で発泡させる常圧発泡法、蒸発型発泡剤または分解型発泡剤を含む(1)〜(3)の各成分を溶融状態でダイから押出すことにより高圧状態から常圧への圧力変化によって膨張させる押出発泡法、分解型発泡剤および架橋剤を含む(1)〜(3)の各成分を架橋剤および発泡剤の分解温度以下で溶融混練して得られるシートを密閉金型中に充填し加圧下で加熱して架橋剤および発泡剤を分解し放圧による圧力変化により急激に膨張させる加圧発泡法、分解型発泡剤を含侵させたポリオレフィン系樹脂ペレットと成分(2)〜(3)とのドライブレンド物または分解型発泡剤を含む(1)〜(3)の各成分を発泡剤の分解温度以下で溶融混練して得られるペレットを射出成形機にて発泡させる射出発泡法等の従来公知の方法を用いることができる。
【0019】
上記発泡体製造過程における成分(1)〜(4)のドライブレンドはリボンブレンダー、Vブレンダー、ヘンシェルミキサー等を用いて行うことができる。また成分(1)〜(4)の溶融混練は押出機、ニーダー、バンバリーミキサー、熱ロール等を用いて行うことができる。
【0020】
また上記発泡体製造工程において用いられる架橋剤とは、発泡体の強度を更に向上し発泡倍率を上げる等の目的で本発明における組成物中に必要に応じ添加されるもので、通常ジクミルペルオキシド、t−ブチルクミルペルオキシド、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキサン、2,5−ジメチル−2,5−ジ(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ヘキシン−3、1,3−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシイソプロピル)ベンゼン、1,1′−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)3,3,5−トリメチル−シクロヘキサン等の過酸化水素の1個または2個の水素を有機ラジカルで置換した化合物で分子中に−O−O−結合を有する有機過酸化物が用いられる。
【0021】
【実施例】
次に実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。実施例及び比較例中の部とは重量部である。なお実施例及び比較例における性能の測定は次の方法によった。
【0022】
▲1▼発泡体外観
発泡体の切断面を目視により観察し次の基準で評価した。
【0023】
○;ボイドの発生は見られない
×;ボイドが発生している
▲2▼発泡体柔軟性
発泡体を手で押したときの柔軟性を触感により次の基準で評価した。
【0024】
○;柔らかい
×;固い
▲3▼難燃性
発泡体から切削によって127×12.7×1.6(厚み)mmの試験片を作製しUL94垂直試験法に準拠し測定した。自消性(V0)を有すれば実用上問題なしと評価した。
【0025】
実施例1〜3および比較例1〜3
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(JIS K6730による酢酸ビニル含量;15重量%,JIS K6730によるメルトフローレート(以下「MFR」と略す。);1.5g/10分)100部に対し、赤燐(商品名;ノーバレッド120UF,燐化学工業(株)製)と加熱膨張性黒鉛(天然鱗片状黒鉛を硫酸と酸化剤によって酸化処理したもので、1000℃における膨張度が190cc/gであり、粒径が80〜120メッシュのもの)、発泡剤としてアゾジカルボンアミド系発泡剤(商品名;セルマイクCAP,三協化成(株)製)および架橋剤として1,3−ビス−(t−ブチルペルオキシイソプロピル)ベンゼン(商品名;パーカドックス14/40,化薬ヌーリー(株)製)を表1に示す量を配合し、表面温度100℃の8インチロールで混練しシートを作製した。次にこの混練シート約340ccを195×195×10(厚み)mmの金型に入れ、プレス機により温度160℃、時間15分間、初期圧力170kg/cm2の条件で架橋発泡後、放圧して発泡体を得た。得られた発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。
【0026】
本実施例の発泡体は発泡外観、柔軟性および難燃性に優れていた。一方赤燐の配合量が30部を越える比較例1の発泡体および加熱膨張性黒鉛の配合量が30部を越える比較例2の発泡体は柔軟性に劣っており、発泡剤の配合量が30部を越える比較例3の樹脂組成物はプレス機による加熱・加圧後の放圧時に発泡物が飛び散り発泡体を形成しなかった。
【0027】
比較例4
赤燐を配合しなかった以外は実施例1と同様の成分を用い、実施例1と同様に混練シートを作製し発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。赤燐を配合しない本比較例の発泡体は難燃性に劣るものとなった。
【0028】
比較例5
加熱膨張性黒鉛を配合しなかった以外は実施例1と同様の成分を用い、実施例1と同様に混練シートを作製し発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。加熱膨張性黒鉛を配合しない本比較例の発泡体は難燃性に劣るものとなった。
【0029】
比較例6
加熱膨張性黒鉛(天然鱗片状黒鉛を硫酸と酸化剤によって酸化処理したもので、1000℃における膨張度が190cc/gのもの)として粒径が80メッシュオン品を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の成分を用い、実施例1と同様に混練シートを作製し発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。本比較例の発泡体は発泡外観に劣るものとなった。
【0030】
比較例7
加熱膨張性黒鉛(天然鱗片状黒鉛を硫酸と酸化剤によって酸化処理したもので、1000℃における膨張度が190cc/gのもの)として粒径が120メッシュパス品を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の成分を用い、実施例1と同様に混練シートを作製し発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。本比較例の発泡体は難燃性に劣るものとなった。
【0031】
比較例8
加熱膨張性黒鉛の代りに通常の黒鉛(1000℃における膨張度が100cc/g未満,粒径;80〜120メッシュ)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の成分を用い、実施例1と同様に混練シートを作製し発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。本比較例の発泡体は難燃性に劣るものとなった。
【0032】
実施例4〜5
低密度ポリエチレン(JIS K6760による密度;0.921g/cm3,JIS K6760によるMFR;4g/10分)100部に対し、発泡剤としてアゾジカルボンアミド系発泡剤(商品名;セルマイクCAP−500,三協化成(株)製)を用いた以外は実施例1で用いた赤燐、加熱膨張性黒鉛および架橋剤を表1に示す量を配合し、表面温度110℃の8インチロールで混練しシートを作製した。このシートを用い実施例1と同様に発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。本実施例の発泡体は発泡外観、柔軟性および難燃性に優れていた。
【0033】
比較例9
難燃剤としてデカブロモジフェニルエーテル(商品名;フレームカット110R,東ソー(株)製)/三酸化アンチモン=3/1の混合物を25部配合した以外は実施例4と同様の成分を用い、実施例4と同様に混練シートを作製し発泡体を得た。発泡体の外観および物性を測定した結果を表1に示す。本比較例の発泡体は難燃性に劣るものとなった。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 0003551449
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の発泡体は発泡外観、柔軟性および難燃性に優れ、燃焼時に腐食性ガスの発生がなく建築材料等の用途に好適に用いられる。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a polyolefin resin foam having good flame retardancy, flexibility and foam appearance and generating no corrosive gas during combustion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polyolefin resin foams are lightweight, have a soft feel and are highly resilient, and are therefore widely used as sole materials, core materials, cushioning materials and the like for footwear. However, since the polyolefin resin foam easily burns, it cannot be generally used for applications requiring flame retardancy such as building materials. In order to make the foam of the polyolefin resin flame-retardant, even if a halogen-based flame retardant or a non-halogen-based flame retardant generally used as a flame retardant is added to the polyolefin-based resin, a flame-retardant foam cannot be obtained, It was difficult to obtain a polyolefin-based resin foam having excellent flame retardancy.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a polyolefin-based resin foam having good flame retardancy, flexibility and foam appearance and generating no corrosive gas during combustion.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using non-halogenated red phosphorus and expanded graphite having a specific expandability and a specific particle size as a flame retardant. The present invention has been completed.
[0005]
That is, in the present invention, 1 to 30 parts by weight of red phosphorus (2), 100 ° C. or more in expansion at 1000 ° C., and particle size of 80 to 120 mesh with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyolefin resin (1). The present invention relates to a flame-retardant polyolefin resin foam obtained by foaming a composition containing 1 to 30 parts by weight of heat-expandable graphite (3) and 1 to 30 parts by weight of a foaming agent (4).
[0006]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0007]
The polyolefin resin used as component (1) of the composition in the foam of the present invention includes ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, and 4-methyl- Examples thereof include homopolymers of α-olefins such as 1-pentene, copolymers of two or more of these α-olefins, and copolymers of these α-olefins with other copolymerizable unsaturated monomers. . Specifically, high density, medium density, low density polyethylene, ethylene and propylene, 1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1- Copolymers of one or more α-olefins such as hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene and 1-decene, propylene and ethylene, 1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene and 3-methyl-1- Pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, copolymers with one or more α-olefins such as 1-decene, ethylene and vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and the like. Copolymers with vinyl esters, saponified products of ethylene and vinyl ester copolymers, and unsaturated monomers such as methyl and ethyl, n-butyl and isobutyl ethylene and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Copolymers with rubonic esters, copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and their metal salts, ethylene / vinyl ester / carbon monoxide copolymers, ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acids Ester / carbon monoxide copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid ester / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer and its metal salt, ethylene / vinyl ester / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer and its metal salt, ethylene / methyl acrylate / Monoethyl maleate copolymer and ethylene / vinyl acetate / monoethyl maleate copolymer. Furthermore, modified products such as silane-modified and carboxylic acid-modified of the above resins can also be used. These resins are used alone or as a mixture of two or more. It is preferable to use an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer or low-density polyethylene among the resins described above, since a foam having particularly excellent flame retardancy, flexibility and foam appearance can be obtained.
[0008]
The red phosphorus used as the component (2) of the composition in the foam of the present invention preferably has a particle size of 20 μm or less from the viewpoint of dispersibility in a resin. Also, red phosphorus surface-treated with a phenol resin, a titanate coupling agent, or the like can be used. The compounding amount of this red phosphorus is 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin (1). If the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the flame retardancy is inferior. If the amount exceeds 30 parts by weight, the flexibility of the foam is inferior and the cost increases.
[0009]
The heat-expandable graphite used as the component (3) of the composition in the foam of the present invention has a degree of expansion at 1000 ° C. of 100 cc / g or more and a particle size of 80 to 120 mesh. Here, the degree of expansion refers to the reciprocal of the bulk density. If the degree of expansion is less than 100 cc / g, the obtained foam is inferior in flame retardancy. Further, when the heat-expandable graphite having a particle size of 80 mesh-on is used, voids (spaces that are accidentally formed in the foam material and are larger than individual bubbles) are generated in the obtained foam, and The appearance of the cut surface when cutting is deteriorated. Further, when a particle having a particle size of 120 mesh pass is used, the flame retardancy of the obtained foam is inferior. The heat-expandable graphite (3) is subjected to an oxidation treatment such as electrolytic oxidation of flaky graphite in sulfuric acid or oxidation with a mixed acid of two or more selected from phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid and the like. can get. The compounding amount of the heat-expandable graphite is 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin (1). When the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the obtained foam is inferior in flame retardancy, and when it exceeds 30 parts by weight, the obtained foam is inferior in flexibility and cost is increased.
[0010]
Since the foam of the present invention employs the non-halogen flame retardant of the above-mentioned components (2) and (3) as the flame retardant, it differs from the one containing the halogen flame retardant in that it emits a large amount of smoke during combustion, There is no problem that corrosive gas such as hydrogen halide is generated, and people evacuated in the event of damage to equipment and equipment or fires lose their escape due to smoke.
[0011]
The foaming agent used as the component (4) of the composition in the foam of the present invention includes a liquid or gaseous evaporative foaming agent (physical foaming agent) at room temperature, which volatilizes without chemical change, and a chemical foaming agent. It is a decomposition type foaming agent (chemical blowing agent) that generates gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. by a proper decomposition.
[0012]
Examples of the evaporating foaming agent include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n-pentane, n-hexane, neopentane, and isohexane; chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as methyl chloride and methylene dichloride; and trichloromonofluoromethane. And fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichlorotetrafluoroethane. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. On the other hand, examples of the decomposable foaming agents include inorganic foaming agents such as sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrite, and azide compounds such as calcium azide; N, N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DPT); Nitroso compounds such as N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-dinitrosoterephthalamide (DMDNTA), azo compounds such as azodicarbonamide (ADCA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AZDN) and barium azodicarboxylate Benzenesulfonyl hydrazide (BSH), p, p'-oxybis (benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH), toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) or derivatives thereof, sulfonyl hydrazide, p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide (TSC), Ladino triazine, p, p'-oxybisbenzenesulfonyl be exemplified semicarbazide (OBSC) etc., which are utilized alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
[0013]
Among the above foaming agents, a decomposable foaming agent is preferable because fine uniform cells can be obtained. Among the decomposable foaming agents, azodicarbonamide (ADCA), p, p'-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide) ( Those having a decomposition temperature of not lower than the melting point of the polyolefin resin such as OBSH) and not higher than + 50 ° C. are particularly preferably used.
[0014]
The compounding amount of the foaming agent (4) is 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin. If the amount is less than 1 part by weight, the resulting foam has a low expansion ratio and lacks flexibility, and if it exceeds 30 parts by weight, the foamability is poor.
[0015]
Also, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, benzoic acid, boric acid, carbonic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, silicic acid, etc. for the purpose of promoting the decomposition of the blowing agent and lowering the decomposition temperature. A foaming aid such as organic acid, urea, borax, ethanolamine, zinc oxide, and lead carbonate may be added to the composition.
[0016]
If necessary, a flame retardant other than the components (2) and (3) may be added to the composition comprising the components (1) to (4) described above, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. . Examples of the flame retardant other than the components (2) and (3) include inorganic compounds such as antimony oxide, antimony silicon oxide, and zinc borate, tris (chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (monochloropropyl) phosphate, and tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate. Bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) -dichloropropyl phosphate, tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, tris (2-bromo-3-chloropropyl) phosphate, tris (bromocresyl) phosphate, brominated phosphate , Halogen-containing condensed organic phosphate, bromine- and chlorine-containing phosphate, chlorine-containing phosphate, chlorine-containing phosphorus-containing ester, ethylenebistris- (2-cyanoethyl) phosphonium bromide, tetraxy (hydroxymethyl) Phosphorus-based flame retardants such as sponium chloride, brominated alkyl acid phosphate, di- (polyoxyethylene) -hydroxymethylphosphonate, ammonium polyphosphate, and low-condensed ammonium phosphate; tetrabromobutane; hexabromobenzene; Pentabromoethylbenzene, hexabromobiphenyl, decabromodiphenyl oxide, pentabromochlorocyclohexane, tetrabromobisphenol A derivative, tetrabromobisphenol S, tris- (2,3-dibromopropyl-1) -isocyanurate, 2,2-bis -[4 (2,3-dibromopropoxy) 3,5-dibromophenyl] -propane, brominated acetylene alcohol, brominated flame retardants such as brominated epoxy resin, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated polyolefin, dimethylchlorene Over preparative such chlorine-based flame retardants and the like, these may be added alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
[0017]
In the above composition, if necessary, an organic / inorganic filler, an organic peroxide, a lubricant, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, an electrification as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Additives generally added to polyolefin resins, such as an inhibitor, a plasticizer, an antiblocking agent, a nucleating agent, a clarifying agent, a surfactant, and a catalyst neutralizing agent, may be added.
[0018]
In order to obtain the foam of the present invention, the above-mentioned composition is foamed. This foaming is performed by physical or chemical foaming, and is not particularly limited, and a decomposition-type foaming agent, red phosphorus and graphite are used. A normal pressure foaming method, in which a sheet obtained by melt-kneading at a temperature higher than the melting point of the polyolefin resin and lower than the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent is heated to a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent and foamed at normal pressure, an evaporative foaming agent or a decomposition foaming agent Extrusion foaming method wherein each component of (1) to (3) is extruded from a die in a molten state by a pressure change from a high pressure state to a normal pressure, a decomposition type foaming agent and a crosslinking agent are included (1). A sheet obtained by melting and kneading each of the components (3) to (3) below the decomposition temperature of the crosslinking agent and the foaming agent is filled in a closed mold, and heated under pressure to decompose the crosslinking agent and the foaming agent and to release the pressure. Pressurization for rapid expansion due to pressure change Foaming method, a dry blend of polyolefin resin pellets impregnated with a decomposable foaming agent and components (2) to (3) or each component of (1) to (3) including a decomposable foaming agent is used as a foaming agent. A known method such as an injection foaming method in which pellets obtained by melt-kneading at a temperature not higher than the decomposition temperature of the above are foamed by an injection molding machine can be used.
[0019]
Dry blending of the components (1) to (4) in the above foam production process can be performed using a ribbon blender, a V blender, a Henschel mixer, or the like. The melt-kneading of the components (1) to (4) can be performed using an extruder, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, a hot roll, or the like.
[0020]
The cross-linking agent used in the foam production process is a crosslinking agent that is added as necessary to the composition of the present invention for the purpose of further improving the strength of the foam and increasing the expansion ratio, and is usually dicumyl peroxide. , T-butylcumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3,1, One or two hydrogens of hydrogen peroxide such as 3-bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene and 1,1'-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane are converted with an organic radical. An organic peroxide having a —O—O— bond in the molecule as a substituted compound is used.
[0021]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Parts in Examples and Comparative Examples are parts by weight. The measurement of the performance in Examples and Comparative Examples was performed by the following method.
[0022]
(1) Appearance of foam The cut surface of the foam was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
[0023]
;: No voids were observed. ×: Voids were generated. (2) Foam Flexible The flexibility when the foam was pressed by hand was evaluated by the tactile sensation according to the following criteria.
[0024]
;: Soft ×: Hard (3) A 127 × 12.7 × 1.6 (thickness) mm test piece was prepared from the flame-retardant foam by cutting, and measured in accordance with the UL94 vertical test method. It was evaluated that there was no practical problem if it had self-extinguishing property (V0).
[0025]
Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3
100 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (vinyl acetate content according to JIS K6730; 15% by weight, melt flow rate according to JIS K6730 (hereinafter abbreviated as “MFR”); 1.5 g / 10 min), and red phosphorus ( Trade name: Nova Red 120UF, manufactured by Rin Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and heat-expandable graphite (natural flaky graphite oxidized with sulfuric acid and an oxidizing agent. Its expansion at 1000 ° C. is 190 cc / g. An azodicarbonamide-based blowing agent (trade name: CellMic CAP, manufactured by Sankyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a blowing agent and 1,3-bis- (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) as a cross-linking agent ) Benzene (trade name; Perkadox 14/40, manufactured by Kayaku Nuuri Co., Ltd.) in an amount shown in Table 1 was added at a surface temperature of 100 ° C. It was kneaded to prepare an seat in Chiroru. Next, about 340 cc of the kneaded sheet is placed in a mold of 195 × 195 × 10 (thickness) mm, crosslinked and foamed by a press machine under the conditions of a temperature of 160 ° C., a time of 15 minutes, and an initial pressure of 170 kg / cm 2. A foam was obtained. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the appearance and physical properties of the obtained foam.
[0026]
The foam of this example was excellent in foam appearance, flexibility and flame retardancy. On the other hand, the foam of Comparative Example 1 in which the blending amount of red phosphorus exceeds 30 parts and the foam of Comparative Example 2 in which the blending amount of the heat-expandable graphite exceeds 30 parts are inferior in flexibility. When the resin composition of Comparative Example 3 exceeded 30 parts, the foam scattered when the pressure was released after heating and pressurization by a press machine, and did not form a foam.
[0027]
Comparative Example 4
A kneaded sheet was prepared and a foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the same components as in Example 1 were used except that red phosphorus was not added. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this comparative example containing no red phosphorus was inferior in flame retardancy.
[0028]
Comparative Example 5
A kneaded sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the heat-expandable graphite was not used, and a foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this comparative example not containing the heat-expandable graphite was inferior in flame retardancy.
[0029]
Comparative Example 6
Example 1 was the same as Example 1 except that a heat-expandable graphite (natural flaky graphite obtained by oxidizing natural flaky graphite with sulfuric acid and an oxidizing agent and having a degree of expansion at 1000 ° C. of 190 cc / g) having a particle size of 80 mesh-on was used. Using the same components, a kneaded sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a foam. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this comparative example was inferior in foam appearance.
[0030]
Comparative Example 7
Example 1 was the same as Example 1 except that a heat-expandable graphite (natural flaky graphite oxidized with sulfuric acid and an oxidizing agent and having a degree of expansion at 1000 ° C. of 190 cc / g) with a particle size of 120 mesh was used. Using the same components, a kneaded sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a foam. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this comparative example was inferior in flame retardancy.
[0031]
Comparative Example 8
The same components as in Example 1 were used, except that ordinary graphite (expansion at 1000 ° C. was less than 100 cc / g, particle size: 80 to 120 mesh) was used instead of the heat-expandable graphite. To obtain a foam. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this comparative example was inferior in flame retardancy.
[0032]
Examples 4 and 5
For 100 parts of low-density polyethylene (density according to JIS K6760; 0.921 g / cm 3 , MFR according to JIS K6760; 4 g / 10 min), an azodicarbonamide-based blowing agent (trade name; CellMike CAP-500, 3) was used as a blowing agent. Red phosphorus, heat-expandable graphite and a cross-linking agent used in Example 1 were blended in the amounts shown in Table 1 except that Kyo Kasei Co., Ltd. was used, and kneaded with an 8-inch roll at a surface temperature of 110 ° C. to obtain a sheet. Was prepared. Using this sheet, a foam was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this example was excellent in foam appearance, flexibility and flame retardancy.
[0033]
Comparative Example 9
Example 4 The same components as in Example 4 were used except that 25 parts of a mixture of decabromodiphenyl ether (trade name: Flamecut 110R, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) / antimony trioxide = 3/1 was blended as a flame retardant. In the same manner as in the above, a kneaded sheet was prepared to obtain a foam. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the appearance and physical properties of the foam. The foam of this comparative example was inferior in flame retardancy.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003551449
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The foam of the present invention is excellent in foam appearance, flexibility and flame retardancy, does not generate corrosive gas upon burning, and is suitably used for applications such as building materials.

Claims (1)

ポリオレフィン系樹脂(1)100重量部に対し、赤燐(2)1〜30重量部、1000℃における膨張度が100cc/g以上であり、かつ粒径が80〜120メッシュである加熱膨張性黒鉛(3)1〜30重量部および発泡剤(4)1〜30重量部を添加した組成物を発泡させてなる難燃性ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡体。1 to 30 parts by weight of red phosphorus (2) based on 100 parts by weight of polyolefin resin (1) (3) A flame-retardant polyolefin resin foam obtained by foaming a composition containing 1 to 30 parts by weight and a foaming agent (4) in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight.
JP26608193A 1993-10-25 1993-10-25 Flame retardant polyolefin resin foam Expired - Fee Related JP3551449B2 (en)

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GB2299584B (en) * 1995-04-03 1998-11-04 Metzeler Kay Ltd Flame retardent flexible foam
GB9506836D0 (en) * 1995-04-03 1995-05-24 Metzeler Kay Ltd Flame retardant flexible foam
DE19603424A1 (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Friedhelm Schneider Molded parts from intumescent mixtures and process for producing the same
WO1999000559A1 (en) * 1997-06-26 1999-01-07 Altenberg Milton J Metal sandwich panels
JP3544899B2 (en) * 1999-09-02 2004-07-21 住友軽金属工業株式会社 Method of suppressing or avoiding corrosion and discoloration in foamed copper tube
ATE264365T1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2004-04-15 Niemann Hans Dieter MOLDING COMPOUND FOR THE PRODUCTION OF INFOAMING FIRE PROTECTION MOLDED PARTS
JP4768938B2 (en) * 2001-08-28 2011-09-07 積水化学工業株式会社 Epoxy resin foam
JP6744044B2 (en) * 2016-07-04 2020-08-19 株式会社ブリヂストン Rubber composition for rubber foam, rubber foam and sealing material obtained by foaming the same

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