JP3549672B2 - Cement admixture and cement composition - Google Patents

Cement admixture and cement composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3549672B2
JP3549672B2 JP16758896A JP16758896A JP3549672B2 JP 3549672 B2 JP3549672 B2 JP 3549672B2 JP 16758896 A JP16758896 A JP 16758896A JP 16758896 A JP16758896 A JP 16758896A JP 3549672 B2 JP3549672 B2 JP 3549672B2
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Prior art keywords
cement
lacs
admixture
ion
weight
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JPH1017344A (en
Inventor
実 盛岡
悦郎 坂井
正機 大門
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Denka Co Ltd
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Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/06Oxides, Hydroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0004Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
    • C04B2103/0006Alkali metal or inorganic ammonium compounds
    • C04B2103/0008Li
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0004Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
    • C04B2103/0021Compounds of elements having a valency of 3
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/60Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2103/61Corrosion inhibitors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/26Corrosion of reinforcement resistance

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主に、土木・建築分野において使用するセメント混和材及びセメント組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
近年、コンクリ−ト構造物の劣化が社会問題としてクロ−ズアップされている。特に、良質の骨材の入手が困難な状況から、海砂の使用が余儀なくされ、これに伴い、コンクリ−ト中への塩分の混入が懸念される状況にある。
また、わが国は海に囲まれた島国であり、海岸付近では飛来塩分のコンクリ−ト構造物に対する悪影響も指摘されている。
【0003】
塩素イオンは鉄筋コンクリ−ト中の鉄筋を腐食させ、コンクリート構造物の耐久性を著しく阻害し、半永久的ともいわれたコンクリ−ト構造物の寿命を10年たらずにすることもある。
【0004】
このような塩素イオンによるコンクリート構造物の塩害問題に対して、カルシウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物の硝酸塩又は亜硝酸塩をセメントに混和することにより塩素イオンを捕集する方法が提案された(特開平 4−154648号公報)。
しかしながら、カルシウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物はそもそもセメント中に存在するカルシウムアルミネ−トの水和生成物と類似した化合物であり、これを混和したコンクリ−トの凝結時間は速くなり、作業性に悪影響をもたらす場合や、過剰の硫酸イオンの浸入がある場合には、膨張性水和物であるエトリンガイトを生成し、耐久性に悪影響をきたす場合があった。
【0005】
また、コンクリ−ト中の塩素イオンを捕集するためには、アルカリ性雰囲気で安定な化合物であること、アルカリ性雰囲気で塩素イオンを捕集できることなどが必要とされるので、イオン交換樹脂などの使用は実用的でなく、その他の塩素イオン捕集剤もこのような制限をクリアできるものはほとんどないのが実状であった。
【0006】
一方、リチウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物はハロゲン化樹脂の安定剤や有機化合物の合成の際に使用する触媒として提案されている(特開昭52−5724号公報、特開平 5−179052号公報、特開平 7−216157号公報、特開平 7−233225号公報、特開平 7−298792号公報、及び特開平 7−300313号公報等)。
しかしながら、これまで、リチウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物をセメントに混和する試みはなされていなかった。
【0007】
本発明者は、リチウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物がコンクリ−ト中のような強アルカリ環境下で非常に安定で、塩素イオン捕集能力に優れることを確認し、これをセメントに混和することにより、コンクリ−ト中の鉄筋の腐食を抑止できる知見を得て本発明を完成するに至った。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、リチウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物を含有してなるセメント混和材であり、セメントと、該セメント混和材とを含有してなるセメント組成物である。
【0009】
以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。
【0010】
本発明で使用するリチウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物(以下LACSという)とは、一般式[AlLi(OH)]nX・ mHOで表される化合物を総称するものである。式中のXは、例えば、炭酸イオン、重炭酸イオン、硫酸イオン、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、及び水酸化物イオン等のアニオンを示し、nは1又は2、mは0〜5の値である。
本発明ではこれらアニオンのうちの任意のものを選択することができるが、発明の効果が顕著であることから、重炭酸イオン、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、及び水酸化物イオンの使用が好ましい。
LACSは、既知の方法、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、塩化リチウム、及び塩化アルミニウムと水とを反応させる方法、また、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸リチウム、及び塩化アルミニウムと水とを反応させる際、高級脂肪酸又は界面活性剤を添加する方法等によって得られる。
LACS生成時、溶解性の、炭酸塩、重炭酸塩、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、及び亜硝酸塩をアルカリ条件下、例えば、pHが10以上、好ましくは11以上の条件で併用すれば、それぞれ炭酸イオン、重炭酸イオン、硫酸イオン、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオンを有するLACSが得られる。
また、これらのアニオンを完全に排除した条件下では水酸化物塩が生成するが、通常は、使用する水の中に炭酸イオンや重炭酸イオンが含まれているのでこれらの塩が生成しやすい。
LACSの粒度は特に限定されるものではないが、平均粒径が50μm以下が好ましく、10μm以下がより好ましい。50μmを越えると充分な塩害抑制効果が得られない場合がある。
LACSの使用量は特に限定されるものではないが、通常、あらかじめセメント混和材として、セメント組成物に混和して使用する場合は、セメントとセメント混和材からなるセメント組成物100 重量部中、0.5 〜10重量部が好ましく、1〜7重量部がより好ましい。0.5 重量部未満では塩害抑制効果が十分でなく、10重量部を越えて使用してもさらなる効果の増進が期待できない。
ただし、部分的に使用される補修用材料中に混和して使用する場合は、コンクリート構造物全体に含まれる塩素イオン量を考慮するため、補修用セメント組成物100 重量部中、30重量部までの範囲で使用することが可能である。
【0011】
ここでセメントとは、普通、早強、超早強等の各種ポルトランドセメント、これらポルトランドセメントに高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、及びシリカを混合した各種混合セメント、中庸熱セメント、ビ−ライトセメント、並びに、アルミナセメント等が挙げられる。
【0012】
本発明では、セメントとセメント混和材の他に、減水剤、高性能減水剤、AE減水剤、高性能AE減水剤、消泡剤、防凍剤、凝結促進剤や凝結遅延剤等の凝結調整剤、セメント膨張材、セメント急硬材、無機硫酸塩、ベントナイトやゼオライト等の粘土鉱物、並びに、ハイドロタルサイトやハイドロカルマイト等のアニオン交換体等の一種又は二種以上を、本発明の目的を実質的に阻害しない範囲で併用することが可能である。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに詳しく説明する。
【0014】
実施例1
セメント混和材としてLACSを使用し、表1に示す量のLACSを配合したセメント組成物を使用し、セメント対砂比が1対2、食塩水/セメントの割合が50重量%のモルタルを調製し、中心部に直径1cmの鋼材を配筋した4×4×16cmの供試体を作製した。
作製した供試体を材齢1日以降30℃の水中で養生を行い、材齢28日に供試体のモルタル硬化体部分をを割裂して供試体内の鋼材の腐食状況を観察した。結果を表1に示す。
【0015】
<使用材料>
セメント :電気化学工業社製普通ポルトランドセメント
砂 :ISO 649 準拠
LACSイ:LACSの亜硝酸塩
食塩水 :市販品の食塩使用、0.1 mol/l 濃度
水 :純水
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0003549672
【0017】
実施例2
セメント混和材としてLACSを使用し、その使用量をセメント組成物100 重量部中、5重量部とし、LACSの種類を変化したこと以外は実施例1と同様に行った。結果を表2に併記する。
【0018】
<使用材料>
LACSロ:LACSの炭酸塩
LACSハ:LACSの重炭酸塩
LACSニ:LACSの硝酸塩
LACSホ:LACSの水酸化物塩
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003549672
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明のセメント混和材を使用することにより、コンクリ−ト構造物中の鉄筋の腐食を効果的に抑止することが可能である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cement admixture and a cement composition mainly used in the field of civil engineering and construction.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
In recent years, the deterioration of concrete structures has been closed up as a social problem. In particular, it is difficult to obtain high-quality aggregate, which necessitates the use of sea sand, and with this, there is a concern that salt may be mixed into the concrete.
In addition, Japan is an island nation surrounded by the sea, and it has been pointed out that the sea salt has an adverse effect on concrete structures near the coast.
[0003]
Chloride ions corrode the reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete, significantly impairing the durability of the concrete structure, and sometimes shortening the life of the concrete structure, which is said to be semi-permanent, to less than 10 years.
[0004]
In order to solve the problem of salt damage to concrete structures due to chloride ions, a method has been proposed in which nitrate or nitrite of a calcium-aluminum composite hydroxide is mixed with cement to collect chloride ions (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 4-4-2). 154648).
However, the calcium aluminum composite hydroxide is a compound similar to the hydrated product of calcium aluminate originally present in the cement, and the setting time of the concrete containing the calcium hydroxide becomes faster, which adversely affects workability. In the case where it occurs, or when there is an excessive intrusion of sulfate ions, ettringite, which is an expandable hydrate, is generated, which may adversely affect durability.
[0005]
In addition, in order to collect chloride ions in the concrete, it is necessary to be a compound which is stable in an alkaline atmosphere and capable of collecting chlorine ions in an alkaline atmosphere. Was not practical, and in fact, few other chlorine ion scavengers could meet such restrictions.
[0006]
On the other hand, lithium aluminum composite hydroxides have been proposed as stabilizers for halogenated resins and catalysts used in the synthesis of organic compounds (JP-A-52-5724, JP-A-5-179052, JP-A-7-216157, JP-A-7-233225, JP-A-7-298792, JP-A-7-300133, etc.).
However, until now, no attempt has been made to incorporate lithium aluminum composite hydroxide into cement.
[0007]
The present inventors have confirmed that lithium-aluminum composite hydroxide is extremely stable in a strong alkaline environment such as in concrete and has excellent chlorine ion collecting ability, and by mixing this with cement, The present invention has been completed based on the finding that corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete can be suppressed.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a cement admixture containing a lithium aluminum composite hydroxide, and a cement composition containing cement and the cement admixture.
[0009]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0010]
The lithium aluminum composite hydroxide (hereinafter, referred to as LACS) used in the present invention is a general term for compounds represented by the general formula [Al 2 Li (OH) 6 ] nX · mH 2 O. X in the formula represents, for example, an anion such as a carbonate ion, a bicarbonate ion, a sulfate ion, a nitrate ion, a nitrite ion, and a hydroxide ion, n is 1 or 2, and m is a value of 0 to 5. is there.
In the present invention, any of these anions can be selected, but the use of bicarbonate ion, nitrate ion, nitrite ion, and hydroxide ion is preferable because the effect of the invention is remarkable.
LACS is a known method, for example, a method of reacting sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lithium chloride, and aluminum chloride with water, and a method of reacting sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate, and aluminum chloride with water. At this time, it is obtained by, for example, a method of adding a higher fatty acid or a surfactant.
At the time of LACS generation, if carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, and nitrites are used in combination under alkaline conditions, for example, at a pH of 10 or more, preferably 11 or more, carbonate ions, A LACS containing bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate and nitrite ions is obtained.
In addition, hydroxide salts are formed under conditions in which these anions are completely excluded, but usually these salts are easily formed because the water used contains carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions. .
The particle size of LACS is not particularly limited, but the average particle size is preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or less. If it exceeds 50 μm, a sufficient salt damage suppressing effect may not be obtained.
The amount of LACS used is not particularly limited, but usually, when used as a cement admixture in a cement composition, the amount of LACS is preferably 0% by weight in 100 parts by weight of a cement composition comprising cement and a cement admixture. It is preferably from 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably from 1 to 7 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.5 part by weight, the effect of suppressing salt damage is not sufficient, and even if the amount exceeds 10 parts by weight, further enhancement of the effect cannot be expected.
However, when it is used by being mixed with the repair material used partially, up to 30 parts by weight in 100 parts by weight of the cement composition for repair, in consideration of the amount of chloride ions contained in the entire concrete structure. It is possible to use in the range.
[0011]
Here, the cement is ordinary, high-strength, ultra-high-strength various Portland cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, and various mixed cements mixed with these Portland cements, moderate heat cement, belite cement, and, Alumina cement and the like can be mentioned.
[0012]
In the present invention, in addition to cement and the cement admixture, a setting modifier such as a water reducing agent, a high-performance water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high-performance AE water reducing agent, an antifoaming agent, an antifreezing agent, a setting accelerator and a setting retarder. , A cement expanding material, a cement rapid hardening material, an inorganic sulfate, a clay mineral such as bentonite or zeolite, and one or more kinds of anion exchangers such as hydrotalcite and hydrocalmite for the purpose of the present invention. It is possible to use them together as long as they are not substantially inhibited.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0014]
Example 1
Using LACS as a cement admixture, using a cement composition containing the amount of LACS shown in Table 1, a mortar having a cement to sand ratio of 1: 2 and a saline / cement ratio of 50% by weight was prepared. A 4 × 4 × 16 cm specimen was prepared in which a steel material having a diameter of 1 cm was arranged in the center.
The prepared specimen was cured in water at 30 ° C. after 1 day of material age, and the hardened mortar portion of the specimen was split on 28 days of material age to observe the corrosion state of the steel material in the specimen. Table 1 shows the results.
[0015]
<Material used>
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement sand manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: ISO 649 compliant LACS A: LACS nitrite saline: Commercial salt used, 0.1 mol / l Concentration water: pure water
[Table 1]
Figure 0003549672
[0017]
Example 2
LACS was used as a cement admixture, and the amount used was 5 parts by weight in 100 parts by weight of the cement composition. The procedure was the same as in Example 1 except that the type of LACS was changed. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0018]
<Material used>
LACS b: LACS carbonate LACS c: LACS bicarbonate LACS d: LACS nitrate LACS e: LACS hydroxide salt
[Table 2]
Figure 0003549672
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
By using the cement admixture of the present invention, it is possible to effectively suppress corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the concrete structure.

Claims (2)

リチウムアルミニウム複合水酸化物を含有してなるセメント混和材。A cement admixture containing a lithium aluminum composite hydroxide. セメントと、請求項1記載のセメント混和材とを含有してなるセメント組成物。A cement composition comprising a cement and the cement admixture according to claim 1.
JP16758896A 1996-06-27 1996-06-27 Cement admixture and cement composition Expired - Fee Related JP3549672B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4588239B2 (en) * 2001-03-28 2010-11-24 電気化学工業株式会社 Alumina cement, alumina cement composition, and amorphous refractory using the same
JP4588238B2 (en) * 2001-03-28 2010-11-24 電気化学工業株式会社 Condensation / setting accelerator for alumina cement, alumina cement composition, and amorphous refractory using the same
US7081156B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2006-07-25 352 East Irvin Avenue Limited Partnership Method of resisting corrosion in metal reinforcing elements contained in concrete and related compounds and structures

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