JP3542492B2 - Electrolytic solution and electrochemical device using the same - Google Patents
Electrolytic solution and electrochemical device using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3542492B2 JP3542492B2 JP10095998A JP10095998A JP3542492B2 JP 3542492 B2 JP3542492 B2 JP 3542492B2 JP 10095998 A JP10095998 A JP 10095998A JP 10095998 A JP10095998 A JP 10095998A JP 3542492 B2 JP3542492 B2 JP 3542492B2
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- Prior art keywords
- dhp
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- acid
- methyl
- electrolytic solution
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- -1 dihydropyrimidine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 11
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
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- ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZQXCQTAELHSNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims 8
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SSGBLFZLLLQTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethyl-2,4-dihydropyrimidine Chemical compound CC1N(C)CC=CN1C SSGBLFZLLLQTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylacetamide Chemical compound CCNC(C)=O PMDCZENCAXMSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FATAVLOOLIRUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylmethyl Chemical group [CH2]C=O FATAVLOOLIRUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- DZZJIJASHWLVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methyl-4h-pyrimidine Chemical compound CCN1C=CCN=C1C DZZJIJASHWLVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UPMGBTAZMFCEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-methyl-4h-pyrimidine Chemical compound CCC1=NCC=CN1C UPMGBTAZMFCEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CHFUDSPWQCCPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine Chemical compound CC1=NCC=CN1 CHFUDSPWQCCPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXITWUJUFOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(OC)([O-])=O.C(C)C1[NH+](C=CCN1C)C Chemical compound C(OC)([O-])=O.C(C)C1[NH+](C=CCN1C)C ZMXITWUJUFOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DYJMEGLNXPJSCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalate;1,2,3-trimethyl-1,3-diazinan-1-ium Chemical compound CC1N(C)CCC[NH+]1C.CC1N(C)CCC[NH+]1C.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O DYJMEGLNXPJSCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JAHVOMSIJYMOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-4h-pyrimidine Chemical compound CN1C=CCN=C1C JAHVOMSIJYMOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUVQHFZUIPIPSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine Chemical compound CCC1=NCC=CN1 QUVQHFZUIPIPSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLAMLWHELXOEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O SLAMLWHELXOEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZTKKQOINGMECI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CC=CN=C21 QZTKKQOINGMECI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADIACTDJKNZOAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=1C(C(=O)[O-])=CC=CC1)(=O)[O-].C[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C.C[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C Chemical compound C(C=1C(C(=O)[O-])=CC=CC1)(=O)[O-].C[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C.C[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C ADIACTDJKNZOAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LITGCGKJZITHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(OC)([O-])=O.C(C)[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C Chemical compound C(OC)([O-])=O.C(C)[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C LITGCGKJZITHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYZWNTZWRABIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(OC)([O-])=O.C[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C Chemical compound C(OC)([O-])=O.C[NH+]1C(N(CC=C1)C)C RYZWNTZWRABIGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LONFXPRQOKSMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(OC)([O-])=O.C[NH+]1C(N(CCC1)C)C Chemical compound C(OC)([O-])=O.C[NH+]1C(N(CCC1)C)C LONFXPRQOKSMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000320 amidine group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(O)=O BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N eugenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC=C)=CC=C1O RRAFCDWBNXTKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXQGCWUGDFDQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-Hydroxyethylbenzene Natural products CCC1=CC=CC=C1O IXQGCWUGDFDQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- VRUJCFSQHOLHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O VRUJCFSQHOLHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHINSULENHCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)N(C)C MBHINSULENHCMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylformamide Chemical compound CCNC=O KERBAAIBDHEFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical class CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019303 thiodipropionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電気化学素子(アルミ電解コンデンサ、電気二重層コンデンサ、エレクトロクロミック表示素子等)に使用する電解液およびこの電解液を用いた電気化学素子に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、アルミニウム電解コンデンサ用の電解液としては、マレイン酸またはシトラコン酸の第4級アンモニウム塩を電解質とした電解液、芳香族カルボン酸のテトラアルキル4級アンモニウム塩を電解質とした電解液(米国特許第4715976号)、アルキル置換アミジン基を有する化合物の4級化物のカルボン酸塩を電解質とする、いわゆるアミジン系電解液(国際公開番号WO95/15572)などが知られている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、米国特許第4715976号などに開示されているテトラアルキル4級アンモニウム塩を電解質とした電解液では、電解液の電気化学反応により、コンデンサの負極近傍でアルカリ成分が発生し、これが封口ゴムの弾性を劣化させるので、経時的にゴムの封止力が低下し、やがて負極リード孔部より内部の電解液が漏出するという不具合があった。
【0004】
また、国際公開番号WO95/15572に開示されている、アルキル置換アミジン基を有する化合物の4級化物のカルボン酸塩を電解質とするアミジン系電解液では、このアルカリ成分の発生が少ないので、テトラアルキル4級アンモニウム塩と比較して、前述の不具合は発生しにくいものの、電解液の漏出を完全に抑止するのは、高硬度で弾性力が高く、かつ、そのアルカリによる経時劣化の少ない限られたゴム(例えば硬度70度以上の過酸化物加硫ゴムや樹脂加硫ゴム)を用いてコンデンサを構成しなければならず、汎用性に課題があった。アルミニウム電解コンデンサへの要求特性として、125℃といった高温度での安定性も求められてきているが、前述の従来のアミジン系電解液では、高温度での導電率の安定性が必ずしも十分ではない。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は上記問題を解決するべく鋭意検討した結果、特定構造のジヒドロピリミジニウム塩を電解質とした電解液を用いることにより、高温度における電解液の導電率の安定性、コンデンサの封口性能などが改善されることを見い出し、本発明に到達した。
即ち本発明は、下記一般式(1)で示されるジヒドロピリミジン化合物(a)の4級塩をカチオン成分とする塩(A)を電解質としてなる電解液;
【0006】
【化3】
【0007】
[式中、R1 は水酸基、シアノ基、エーテル基、ケトン基、エステル基もしくはアルデヒド基を有してもよい炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基、R2 は水酸基、シアノ基、エーテル基、エステル基もしくはアルデヒド基を有してもよい炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基または水素原子、R3 は水酸基、シアノ基、エーテル基、ケトン基、エステル基もしくはアルデヒド基を有してもよい炭素数1〜10の炭化水素基、水酸基、シアノ基または水素原子を表す。R1 、R2 およびR3 の2個または3個が相互に結合して2価もしくは3価の基となって環を形成してもよい。]
並びに、該電解液を用いてなる電気化学素子である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
ジヒドロピリミジン化合物(a)としては前記一般式(1)で示されるジヒドロピリミジン化合物が挙げられる。
【0009】
一般式(1)にけるR1 、R2 、R3 の、水酸基、シアノ基、エーテル基、ケトン基、エステル基もしくはアルデヒド基を有してもよい炭素数が1〜10、好ましくは1〜4の炭化水素基としては、直鎖もしくは分岐のアルキル基たとえばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基など;アリール基たとえばフェニル基など;アラルキル基たとえばベンジル基など;ヒドロキシアルキル基たとえばヒドロキシメチル基、ヒドロキシエチル基など;シアノアルキル基たとえばシアノメチル基、シアノエチル基など;アルコキシアルキル基たとえばメトキシメチル基、メトキシエチル基など;アセチルアルキル基たとえばアセチルメチル基など;メチルカルボオキシアルキル基たとえばメチルカルボオキシメチル基、メチルカルボオキシエチル基など;ホルミルアルキル基たとえばホルミルメチル基、ホルミルエチル基など;などが挙げられる。
これらのうちR1 として好ましいものは、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ヒドロキシメチル基、シアノメチル基、メトキシメチル基、アセチルメチル基、メチルカルボオキシメチル基およびホルミルメチル基であり、特に好ましいものはメチル基およびエチル基である。
【0010】
R2 としてはR1 と同様の基および水素原子が挙げられる。R2 として好ましいものは、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、フェニル基、ベンジル基、ヒドロキシメチル基、シアノメチル基、メトキシメチル基、アセチルメチル基、メチルカルボオキシメチル基、ホルミルメチル基および水素原子であり、特に好ましいものはメチル基、エチル基および水素原子である。
【0011】
R3 としてはR1 と同様の基、水酸基、シアノ基および水素原子が挙げられる。R3 として好ましいものは、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ヒドロキシメチル基、シアノメチル基、メトキシメチル基、アセチルメチル基、メチルカルボオキシメチル基およびホルミルメチル基であり、特に好ましいものはメチル基および水素原子である。
R1 、R2 およびR3 の2個または3個が相互に結合して2価もしくは3価の基となって環を形成してもよく、たとえば、1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデク−7,9−ジエン、1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデク−7,10−ジエン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]ノン−2,5−ジエン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]ノン−3,5−ジエンなどが挙げられる。
【0012】
該ジヒドロピリミジン化合物(a)の具体例としては下記の化合物が挙げられる。
(1)ジヒドロピリミジン化合物
1−メチル−1,4−もしくは−1,6−ジヒドロピリミジン[これらを1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHPと表記し、以下同様の表現を用いる。]、1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,4−もしくは1,5−もしくは1,6−ジメチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン[これらを1,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHPと表記し、以下同様の表現を用いる。]、1,4,5(6)−トリメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−エチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,2,4,5−テトラメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,2,4,6−テトラメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,2,4,5,6−ペンタメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−エチル−4(5)(6)−フェニル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−フェニル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−フェニル−1,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−ベンジル−4(5)(6)−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−エチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ベンジル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−ベンジル−1−エチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチル−1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−メチル−1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、2,4(5)(6)ジメチル−1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−エチル−4(5)(6)メチル−1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−フェニル−1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−ベンジル−1−プロピル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−エチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−エチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−ベンジル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ベンジル−4(5)(6)−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ベンジル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、2−エチル−1−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ベンジル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,2−ジベンジル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]ウンデク−7,9(10)−ジエン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]ノン−2(3),5−ジエンなど。
【0013】
(2)アルデヒド基含有誘導体
1−ホルミルメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルメチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ホルミルエチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ホルミルメチル−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHPなど。
【0014】
(3)エステル基含有誘導体
1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メチルカルボオキシエチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシ−1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メチルカルボオキシメチル−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHPなど。
【0015】
(4)シアノ基含有誘導体
1−シアノメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノメチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−シアノエチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノ−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−シアノメチル−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHPなど。
【0016】
(5)エーテル基含有誘導体
1−メトキシメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシメチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−メトキシエチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−メトキシメチル−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHPなど。
【0017】
(6)ケトン基含有誘導体
1−アセチルメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルメチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−アセチルエチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1−エチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−2−メチル−1−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−アセチルメチル−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHPなど。
【0018】
(8)水酸基含有誘導体
1−ヒドロキシメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−4(5)(6)メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシメチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−4(5)(6)メチル−2−フェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、1−ヒドロキシエチル−2−ベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−2−フェニル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1−フェニル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシ−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1,2−ジメチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−2−ベンジル−1−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1,2−ジエチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−2−フェニル−1−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1−フェニル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1,2−ジフェニル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1−ベンジル−2−エチル−1,4(6)−DHP、4(5)(6)−ヒドロキシメチル−1,2−ジベンジル−1,4(6)−DHPなど。
【0019】
これらのうち好ましいものは、1,2,4(5)(6)−トリメチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン、1−エチル−2,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン、1,2,−ジメチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン、1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン、1−メチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン、1−エチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジン、1,4(5)(6)−ジメチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジンおよび1−エチル−4(5)(6)−メチル−1,4(6)−ジヒドロピリミジンであり、特に好ましいのは、1,2,−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジンおよび1,2,4−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジンである。
【0020】
本発明において、(A)に用いられる4級塩中のアニオンを構成する有機酸としては下記の1)〜4)の有機酸が挙げられる。
1)カルボン酸類
・炭素数2〜15の2〜4価のポリカルボン酸:脂肪族ポリカルボン酸[飽和ポリカルボン酸(シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スペリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバチン酸など)、不飽和ポリカルボン酸(マレイン酸、フマール酸、イタコン酸など)]、芳香族ポリカルボン酸[フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸など]、S含有ポリカルボン酸[チオジブロピオン酸など];
・炭素数2〜20のオキシカルボン酸:脂肪族オキシカルボン酸[グリコール酸、乳酸、酒酪酸、ひまし油脂肪酸など];芳香族オキシカルボン酸[サリチル酸、マンデル酸など];
・炭素数1〜30のモノカルボン酸:脂肪族モノカルボン酸[飽和モノカルボン酸(ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、イソ酪酸、吉草酸、カプロン酸、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、ウラリル酸、ミリスチン酸、ステアリン酸、ベヘン酸など)、不飽和モノカルボン酸(アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、オレイン酸など)];芳香族モノカルボン酸[安息香酸、ケイ皮酸、ナフトエ酸など];
2)フェノール類
・1価フェノール(フェノール類、ナフトール類を含む):フェノール、アルキル(炭素数1〜15)フェノール類(クレゾール、キシレノール、エチルフェノール、n−もしくはイソプロピルフェノール、イソドデシルフェノールなど)、メトキシフェノール類(オイゲノール、グアヤコールなど)、α−ナフトール、β−ナフトール、シクロヘキシルフェノールなど;
・多価フェノール:カテコール、レゾルシン、ピロガロール、フロログルシン、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールSなど。
【0021】
3)アルキル基の炭素数1〜15のモノおよびジアルキルリン酸エステル、モノおよびジメチルリン酸エステル、モノおよびジイソプロピルリン酸エステル、モノおよびジブチルリン酸エステル、モノおよびジ−(2−エチルヘキシル)リン酸エステル、モノおよびジイソデシルリン酸エステルなど。
【0022】
4)スルホン酸
アルキル(炭素数1〜15)ベンゼンスルホン酸(p−トルエンスルホン酸、ノニルベンゼンスルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸など)、スルホサリチル酸、メタンスルホン酸、三フッ化メタンスルホン酸など。
【0023】
本発明において、(A)に用いられる4級塩中のアニオンを構成する無機酸の例としてはリン酸、四フッ化ホウ素酸、過塩素酸、六フッ化リン酸、六フッ化アンチモン酸、六フッ化ヒ素酸などが挙げられる。
また、イミドアニオンとしては、例えば三フッ化メタンスルホニルイミドなどが挙げられ、メチドアニオンとしては、例えば三フッ化メタンスルホニルメチドなどが挙げられる。
【0024】
電気化学素子がアルミ電解コンデンサの場合、これらのうちで好ましいものはカルボン酸およびモノもしくはジアルキルリン酸エステルであり、さらに好ましいのは電導度が高く熱的にも安定な点でフタル酸およびマレイン酸である。
電気化学素子が電気二重層コンデンサの場合、これらのうちで好ましいものは無機酸および三フッ化メタンスルホン酸であり、さらに好ましいものは四フッ化ホウ素酸、過塩素酸、六フッ化リン酸および三フッ化メタンスルホン酸である。
【0025】
酸の分子量は通常46〜500、好ましくは90〜300である。分子量が500を超えると電解液溶媒への溶解性が低下する。
【0026】
本発明において該4級塩(A)は、通常上記に(a)として例示した化合物を4級化したカチオンと酸アニオンとから構成される。
(a)の4級化の方法としては、例えば、J.Am.Chem.Soc.,69,2269(1947)、米国特許第4892944号などに記載の方法が挙げられる。
【0027】
該4級塩(A)の製造方法としては特に限定されないが、たとえば下記の方法が例示できる。
1)(a)をハロゲン化アルキル、好ましくは炭素数1〜3のアルキルハライド(例えばメチルクロライド、エチルクロライド、プロピルクロライドなど)もしくはハロゲン化アラルキル(例えばベンジルクロライドなど)で4級化後、4級化後のハロゲンイオンを水酸イオンに一旦変えた後、上記有機酸または無機酸と反応させることにより目的とする4級塩が得られる。
2)(a)を炭酸ジエステル[好ましくは炭素数1〜3のジアルキル炭酸エステル(例えば炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチルなど)もしくはジアリール炭酸エステル(例えば炭酸ジフェニルなど)]で4級化後、4級ジヒドロピリジニウム炭酸塩を、上記有機酸または無機酸とアニオン交換反応させることにより目的とする4級塩が得られる。
3)(a)を、アルキレンオキサイド[好ましくは炭素数1〜3のアルキレンオキサイド(例えばエチレンオキサイド、プロピレンオキサイドなど)]、スチレンオキサイド、アリールグリシジルエーテルなどで4級化後、上記有機酸または無機酸と反応させることにより目的とする4級塩が得られる。
【0028】
本発明の電解液を構成する電解質において、(a)と酸(前記有機酸もしくは無機酸)との当量比は特に限定されないが、導電率の高さと耐熱性の兼ね合いより、(a):酸=1:0.9〜1:2の範囲が好ましい。
【0029】
本発明の電解液のpHは通常4〜11、好ましくは6〜9であり、該4級塩(A)を製造する際は電解液のpHがこの範囲となるような条件(例えば、アニオンの種類、使用量の条件)で製造するとよい。例えばポリカルボン酸等の多塩基酸の部分エステルをアニオン形成として用いるときpH調整に留意する必要がある。該電解液のpHは電解液原液の25℃の分析値である。
【0030】
本発明の電解液は該4級塩(A)の溶液からなり、溶剤としては通常の有機溶剤を用いることができる。この有機溶剤の具体例は以下の通りであり、2種以上併用することもできる。またこれらの有機溶剤とともに必要により水を併用してもよい。
・アルコール類:
1価アルコール(メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、プロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール、ジアセトンアルコール、ベンジルアルコール、アミノアルコール、フルフリルアルコールなど)、2価アルコール(エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコールなど)、3価アルコール(グリセリンなど)、4価以上のアルコール(ヘキシトールなど)など。
・エーテル類:
モノエーテル(エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、3−メチルテトラヒドロフランなど)、ジエーテル(エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルなど)など。
・アミド類:
ホルムアミド類(N−メチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−エチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジエチルホルムアミドなど)、アセトアミド類(N−メチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−エチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジエチルアセトアミドなど)、プロピオンアミド類(N,N−ジメチルプロピオンアミドなど)、ヘキサメチルホスホリルアミドなど。
オキサゾリジノン類:
N−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン、3,5−ジメチル−2−オキサゾリジノンなど。
・ラクトン類:
γ−ブチロラクトン、α−アセチル−γ−ブチロラクトン、β−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトンなど。
・ニトリル類:
アセトニトリル、アクリロニトリルなど。
・カーボネート類:
エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネートなど。
・その他の有機溶剤:
ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、N−メチルピロリドン、芳香族系溶剤(トルエン、キシレンなど)、パラフィン系溶剤(ノルマルパラフィン、イソパラフィン)など。
【0031】
溶剤として好ましいものは、電気化学素子がアルミニウム電解コンデンサの場合はγ−ブチロラクトンおよび/またはエチレングリコールを主体とする溶剤である。電気二重層コンデンサの場合はプロピレンカーボネートおよび/またはγ−ブチロラクトンを主体とする溶剤である。
【0032】
有機溶剤とともに水を用いる場合の水の含有量は、電解液の重量に基づいて10重量%以下、更には3重量%以下、特に1重量%以下である。
【0033】
本発明の電解液において(A)とともに必要により、公知の他の4級アンモニウム塩(例えばテトラアルキル4級アンモニウム塩、アミジン系4級塩など)を併用してもよい。併用する場合の該他の4級アンモニウム塩の量は電解質中の30重量%以下である。
【0034】
本発明の電解液には必要により、電解液に通常用いられる種々の添加剤を添加することができる。該添加剤としては、リン酸誘導体(例えばリン酸、リン酸エステルなど)、ホウ酸誘導体[例えばホウ酸、ホウ酸と多糖類(マンニット、ソルビットなど)との錯化合物、ホウ酸と多価アルコール(エチレングリコール、グリセリンなど)との錯化合物など]、ニトロ化合物(例えばo−ニトロ安息香酸、p−ニトロ安息香酸、m−ニトロ安息香酸、o−ニトロフェノール、p−ニトロフェノールなど)などを挙げることができる。
【0035】
本発明の電解液における電解質塩の含有量は、電解液の重量に基づいて通常1〜70重量%、好ましくは5〜40重量%である。
【0036】
本発明の電解液は、電解コンデンサ、電気二重層コンデンサ、イオンの電荷移動による充電/放電機構を有する電池、エレクトロクロミック表示素子などの電気化学素子に用いられる。
【0037】
図1はアルミニウム電解コンデンサの素子構成部分の構成を示している。図1のとおり、アルミニウムよりなる陽極電極としての陽極箔1と、同じくアルミニウムよりなる陰極電極としての陰極泊2とを、間にセパレータ3を介在させて対向するように巻き取ることにより素子が構成されている。またこの素子の陽極箔1および陰極箔2それぞれには、引き出しリード4が接続されている。このような構成の素子に電解液を含浸し、アルミニウムケース内に封入し、封口材と共にカーリング加工して封止することにより、アルミニウム電解コンデンサが構成される。
【0038】
【実施例】
次に本発明の具体的な実施例について説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0039】
製造例1
温度計、攪拌機および窒素ガス導入管を備えた反応容器に、窒素ガスを導入しながら、エタノール90gおよび2−メチル−ピリミジン94gを仕込み、−78℃まで冷却後、アンモニアガス300mlを系中に導入した。この混合物に金属リチウム69gを少量ずつ加え、同温度で10時間反応させ、この反応混合物に塩化アンモニウム100gを加えた後、室温まで昇温してアンモニアを蒸発除去し、蒸留により、2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン43gを得た。
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブに上記2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジンを40gおよびトルエン40gを仕込み、100℃まで昇温後、塩化メチル21gを少量ずつ系中に導入し、同温度で8時間反応させた。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、ナトリウムメトキサイドの24重量%メタノール溶液94gを加え、同温度で反応させた後、蒸留により1,2−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン24gを得た。
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブに炭酸ジメチル100gおよび上記1,2−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン20gを仕込み、反応温度130℃で48時間反応させた。反応液を液体クロマトグラフで分析したところ、2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジンのメチル炭酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムへの転化率は95%であった。未反応物および溶媒を留去してメチル炭酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムを32g得た。
次にこのメチル炭酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム30gをメタノール200gに溶解し、マレイン酸17.4gを除々に添加した後、副生した炭酸ガスおよびメタノールを除去してマレイン酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q1)32.6gを得た。
【0040】
製造例2
製造例1においてマレイン酸17.4gに代えて、安息香酸18.3gを用いた以外は製造例1と同様にして安息香酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q2)33.3gを得た。
【0041】
製造例3
製造例1においてマレイン酸17.4gに代えて、アジピン酸21.9gを用いた以外は製造例1と同様にしてアジピン酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q3)36.5gを得た。
【0042】
製造例4
製造例1においてマレイン酸17.4gに代えて、フタル酸24.9gを用いた以外は製造例1と同様にしてフタル酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q4)39.2gを得た。
【0043】
製造例5
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブに、トルエン40gおよび2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン40gを仕込み、100℃まで昇温後、塩化エチル27gを少量ずつ系中に導入し、同温度で8時間反応させた。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、ナトリウムメトキサイドの24重量%メタノール溶液94gを加え、同温度で反応させた後、蒸留により1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン21.5gを得た。
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブに炭酸ジメチル100gおよび上記1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン20gを仕込み、反応温度130℃で48時間反応させた。反応液を液体クロマトグラフで分析したところ、1−エチル−2−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジンのメチル炭酸・1−エチル−2,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムへの転化率は94%であった。未反応物および溶媒を留去してメチル炭酸・1−エチル−2,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムを31g得た。
次にこのメチル炭酸・1−エチル−2,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム30gをメタノ−ル200gに溶解し、フタル酸23.3gを除々に添加した後、副生した炭酸ガスおよびメタノールを除去してフタル酸・1−エチル−2,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q5)38.3gを得た。
【0044】
製造例6
温度計、攪拌機および窒素ガス導入管を備えた反応容器に、窒素ガスを導入しながら、エタノール90gおよび2−エチルピリミジン108gを仕込み、−78℃まで冷却後、アンモニアガス300mlを系中に導入した。この混合物に金属リチウム69gを少量ずつ加え、同温度で10時間反応させた。反応混合物に塩化アンモニウム100gを加えた後、室温まで昇温してアンモニアを蒸発除去し、蒸留により2−エチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン38gを得た。
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブにトルエン40gおよび上記2−エチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン35gを仕込み、100℃まで昇温後、塩化メチル16gを少量ずつ系中に導入し、同温度で8時間反応させた。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、ナトリウムメトキサイドの24重量%メタノール溶液72gを加え、同温度で反応させた後、蒸留により2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン21gを得た。
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブに炭酸ジメチル100gおよび上記2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジン20gを仕込み、反応温度130℃で48時間反応させた。反応液を液体クロマトグラフで分析したところ、2−エチル−1−メチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジンのメチル炭酸・2−エチル−1,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムへの転化率は93.0%であった。未反応物および溶媒を留去したのちメチル炭酸・2−エチル−1,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムを31g得た。
次にこのメチル炭酸・2−エチル−1,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム30gをメタノール200gに溶解し、これにフタル酸23.3gを除々に添加した後、副生した炭酸ガスおよびメタノールを除去してフタル酸・2−エチル−1,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q6)38.4gを得た。
【0045】
製造例7
製造例1においてマレイン酸17.4gに代えて、4フッ化ホウ素酸13.2gを用いた以外は製造例1と同様にして4フッ化ホウ素酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q7)28.6gを得た。
【0046】
製造例8
製造例1においてマレイン酸17.4gに代えて、過塩素酸15.1gを用いた以外は製造例1と同様にして過塩素酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム(Q8)30.4gを得た。
【0047】
比較製造例1
1LのSUS製攪拌式オートクレーブに炭酸ジメチル100gおよび1,2−ジメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジン20gを仕込み、反応温度130℃で48時間反応させた。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、反応液を液体クロマトグラフで分析したところ、1,2−ジメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジンのメチル炭酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジニウムへの転化率は96.0%であった。未反応物および溶媒を留去したのちメチル炭酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジニウムを32g得た。
次にこのメチル炭酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4,5,6,−テトラヒドロピリミジニウム30.0gをメタノール200gに溶解し、フタル酸24.7gを除々に添加した後、副生した炭酸ガスおよびメタノールを除去してフタル酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジニウム(Q9)39.1gを得た。
【0048】
比較製造例2
温度計および攪拌機を備えた反応容器に、フタル酸20gおよび水100gを仕込み、反応温度20℃で、トリエチルアミン12.2gを少量ずつ系中に導入し、同温度で1時間反応させたのち水を留去して、フタル酸・トリエチルアミン(Q10)28.8gを得た。
【0049】
比較製造例3
温度計および攪拌機を備えた反応容器に、フタル酸20gを仕込み、反応温度20℃で、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムの10%水溶液109.2gを少量ずつ系中に導入し、同温度で2時間反応させたのち水を留去して、フタル酸・テトラメチルアンモニウム(Q11)25.7gを得た。
【0050】
実施例1〜10および比較例1〜3
(表1)は本発明の実施例1〜10および比較例1〜3の電解液組成と導電率、およびこれら電解液を密閉ガラスアンプル中で105℃−1000hおよび125℃−1000hの耐熱試験を実施した後の導電率の変化率(=[耐熱試験後の導電率]/[耐熱試験前の導電率]×100 単位は「%」)を示す。
【0051】
【表1】
【0052】
(注)
Q1:マレイン酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムQ2:安息香酸酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムQ3:アジピン酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウムQ4:フタル酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム
Q5:フタル酸・1−エチル−2,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム
Q6:フタル酸・2−エチル−1,3−ジメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム
Q7:4フッ化ホウ素・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドピリミジニウム
Q8:過塩素酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4−ジヒドロピリミジニウム
Q9:フタル酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジニウム
Q10:フタル酸・トリエチルアミン
Q11:フタル酸・テトラメチルアンモニウム
GBL:γ−ブチロラクトン
EG :エチレングリコール
PC :プロピレンカーボネート
NBA:ニトロ安息香酸
MBPAE:モノブチルリン酸エステル
【0053】
(表1)に示す通り、比較例1では、テトラヒドロピリミジニウム塩を使用しているので、温度110℃での導電率の安定性は高いものの、125℃での耐熱試験後の導電率の変化率が大きいため、コンデンサのインピーダンス性能を高温度で長時間保証することが困難である。
また、比較例2では、第3級アミン塩を電解質に使用しているので、125℃での耐熱試験後の導電率の変化率は少ないものの、元来の導電率が低いのでコンデンサのインピーダンスを低く設計することが困難である。
【0054】
次に、本発明の実施例1〜10および比較例1〜3の電解液を使用して巻き取り形のアルミニウム電解コンデンサ(定格電圧25V−静電容量4700μF、サイズ;φ18mm×L36mm)を作成した。引き出しリードには両極共に純度99.99%のアルミニウムを用い、封口ゴムには硬度68度の過酸化物加硫のブチルゴム(ゴム作成時の配合部数:無機充填剤43部、ポリマー成分30部、カーボン24部、酸化マグネシウム1部、ジクミルパーオキサイド2部)を使用した。このアルミニウム電解コンデンサに逆電圧−2.0Vを印加して、温度85℃−相対湿度85%RHの恒温層中で2000hの耐漏液性試験を実施した。その結果と、この仕様のコンデンサのインピーダンスならびに125℃−1000hの定格電圧印加試験を施した際のインピーダンスの変化率(=[耐熱試験後のインピーダンス]/[耐熱試験前のインピーダンス]×100 単位は「%」)を併せて(表2)に示す。
【0055】
【表2】
【0056】
(表2)から明らかなように、本発明の実施例1〜8の電解液は、硬度68度の封口ゴムとの組み合わせ設計においても、温度85℃−相対湿度85%RHで逆電圧印加した状態で2000h経過した時点においても、電解液の漏出は観察されなかった。また、125℃定格電圧印加試験でのインピーダンスの変化率も少ない。比較例1では、フタル酸・1,2,3−トリメチル−1,4,5,6−テトラヒドロピリミジニウムを電解質に用いているので、硬度68度の封口ゴムとの組み合わせ設計においては電解液の漏出を完全に抑止することができない。また、125℃でのインピーダンスの変化率も大きい。一方、比較例3では、第4級アンモニウム塩を電解質に使用しているのでインピーダンスの変化率は少ないものの、電解液の漏出が高確立で発生するので更に好ましくない。比較例2では、第3級アミン塩を電解質に使用しているので、電解液の漏出は観察されないが、電解液の導電率が低いためにコンデンサのインピーダンスが高くなり好ましくない。
【0057】
従って、本発明の塩を電解質とする電解液を用いることにより、インピーダンスが低くかつ、125℃といった高温での耐熱試験時にもその変化率が少ないコンデンサを構成できる上、電解液の漏出といった不具合を、限定された種類の高硬度・高弾性封口ゴムを用いることなく容易に改善でき、信頼性の高いアルミニウム電解コンデンサを実現できるものである。
【0058】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明の電解液は、ジヒドロピリミジン化合物(a)の4級塩をカチオン成分とする塩(A)を電解質としてなる電解液およびこれを用いた電気化学素子である。この構成により、インピーダンスが低くかつ、125℃といった高温での耐熱試験時にも変化率が少ないコンデンサを構成できる上、電解液の漏出といった不具合を、限定された種類の高硬度・高弾性封口ゴムを用いることなく容易に改善でき、信頼性の高いアルミニウム電解コンデンサを実現できるものである。
【0059】
また、電解コンデンサや電気二重層コンデンサ、イオンの電荷移動による充電/放電機構を有する電池、エレクトロクロミック表示素子などに使用した場合は、電解液と接触する樹脂やゴム、金属を劣化させたり腐食させる等の不具合もないため、信頼性の高い電気化学素子を構成できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1はアルミニウム電解コンデンサの素子構成部分の構成を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
1:陽極泊
2:陰極泊
3:セパレータ
4:引き出しリード[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution used for an electrochemical device (such as an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, and an electrochromic display device), and an electrochemical device using the electrolytic solution.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an electrolytic solution for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, an electrolytic solution using a quaternary ammonium salt of maleic acid or citraconic acid as an electrolyte, or an electrolytic solution using a tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid (US Pat. No. 4,715,976), and so-called amidine-based electrolytes (International Publication No. WO95 / 15572) in which a carboxylate of a quaternary compound having an alkyl-substituted amidine group is used as an electrolyte.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in an electrolytic solution using a tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salt as an electrolyte disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,715,976 or the like, an alkaline component is generated near the negative electrode of the capacitor due to an electrochemical reaction of the electrolytic solution. Since the elasticity is deteriorated, the sealing force of the rubber decreases with time, and there is a problem that the internal electrolyte leaks from the negative electrode lead hole.
[0004]
Further, in an amidine-based electrolyte disclosed in International Publication No. WO95 / 15572, which uses a carboxylate of a quaternary compound of an alkyl-substituted amidine group as an electrolyte, the generation of the alkali component is small, so that tetraalkyl Compared with the quaternary ammonium salt, the above-mentioned problems are less likely to occur, but the leakage of the electrolyte is completely suppressed because of its high hardness, high elasticity, and little deterioration over time due to its alkali. The capacitor must be made of rubber (for example, a peroxide vulcanized rubber or a resin vulcanized rubber having a hardness of 70 degrees or more), and there is a problem in versatility. As a required characteristic of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, stability at a high temperature such as 125 ° C. is also required. However, the above-mentioned conventional amidine-based electrolyte does not always have sufficient stability of conductivity at a high temperature. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-described problems, and as a result, by using an electrolytic solution having a dihydropyrimidinium salt having a specific structure as an electrolyte, the stability of the conductivity of the electrolytic solution at a high temperature, the sealing of a capacitor. The inventors have found that the performance and the like are improved, and arrived at the present invention.
That is, the present invention provides an electrolyte comprising, as an electrolyte, a salt (A) having a quaternary salt of a dihydropyrimidine compound (a) represented by the following general formula (1) as a cation component;
[0006]
Embedded image
[0007]
[Wherein, R 1 Is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an ether group, a ketone group, an ester group or an aldehyde group; 2 Is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an ether group, an ester group or an aldehyde group, or a hydrogen atom; 3 Represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an ether group, a ketone group, an ester group or an aldehyde group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or a hydrogen atom. R 1 , R 2 And R 3 May be bonded to each other to form a divalent or trivalent group to form a ring. ]
And an electrochemical device using the electrolytic solution.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Examples of the dihydropyrimidine compound (a) include a dihydropyrimidine compound represented by the general formula (1).
[0009]
R in general formula (1) 1 , R 2 , R 3 Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an ether group, a ketone group, an ester group or an aldehyde group include a linear or branched alkyl group. For example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group and the like; aryl group such as phenyl group; aralkyl group such as benzyl group; hydroxyalkyl group such as hydroxymethyl group and hydroxyethyl group; cyanoalkyl group such as cyanomethyl group and cyanoethyl group Alkoxyalkyl groups such as methoxymethyl and methoxyethyl groups; acetylalkyl groups such as acetylmethyl groups; methylcarboxyalkyl groups such as methylcarboxymethyl groups and methylcarboxyethyl groups; Example, if formylmethyl group, formylethyl group; and the like.
Of these, R 1 Are preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a cyanomethyl group, a methoxymethyl group, an acetylmethyl group, a methylcarboxymethyl group and a formylmethyl group, and particularly preferred are a methyl group and an ethyl group. It is.
[0010]
R 2 As R 1 And the same groups and hydrogen atoms as mentioned above. R 2 Preferred as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a cyanomethyl group, a methoxymethyl group, an acetylmethyl group, a methylcarboxymethyl group, a formylmethyl group, and a hydrogen atom And particularly preferred are a methyl group, an ethyl group and a hydrogen atom.
[0011]
R 3 As R 1 And the like, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group and a hydrogen atom. R 3 Are preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a cyanomethyl group, a methoxymethyl group, an acetylmethyl group, a methylcarboxymethyl group and a formylmethyl group, and particularly preferred are a methyl group and a hydrogen atom. It is.
R 1 , R 2 And R 3 May be bonded to each other to form a divalent or trivalent group to form a ring. For example, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7,9- Diene, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7,10-diene, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0] non-2,5-diene, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4, 3,0] non-3,5-diene and the like.
[0012]
Specific examples of the dihydropyrimidine compound (a) include the following compounds.
(1) Dihydropyrimidine compound
1-methyl-1,4- or -1,6-dihydropyrimidine [these are referred to as 1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, and the same expressions will be used hereinafter. ], 1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1,4- or 1,5- or 1,6-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine [these are 1,4 (5 ) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, and the same expression is used hereinafter. 1,4,5 (6) -trimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1,2 , 4,5-Tetramethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1,2,4,6-tetramethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1,2,4,5,6-pentamethyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-ethyl-4 (5) (6) -phenyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2- Phenyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-phenyl-1,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-benzyl-1-methyl-1, 4 (6) -DHP, 2-benzyl-4 (5) (6) -ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-ethyl − -Methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-ethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6)- DHP, 4 (5) (6) -benzyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-benzyl-1- Ethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-propyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methyl-1-propyl-1, 4 (6) -DHP, 2-methyl-1-propyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2,4 (5) (6) dimethyl-1-propyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2- Ethyl-4 (5) (6) methyl-1-propyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-phenyl-1-propyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-benzyl- -Propyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-methyl -1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -ethyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-ethyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-benzyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, -Benzyl-4 (5) (6) -phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-benzyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 2-ethyl-1-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1,2-dibenzyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7,9 (10) -diene, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0] non-2 (3), 5-dienes and the like.
[0013]
(2) Derivatives containing aldehyde group
1-formylmethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylmethyl -2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6)- DHP, 1-formylethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-2, (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-formylethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) ( ) -Formylmethyl-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 ( 5) (6) -Formylmethyl-1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -formylmethyl-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP and the like.
[0014]
(3) Ester group-containing derivatives
1-methylcarboxymethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-2 -Methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-2-ethyl -1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl -1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxymethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxyethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarbo Oxyethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl- , 4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxyethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxyethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxyethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxyethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarbo Oxyethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methylcarboxyethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-2-ethyl- -Methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6)- Methylcarboxymethyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 ( 5) (6) -Methylcarboxymethyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxy-1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 ( 6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-1, 2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl -1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methylcarboxymethyl-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP and the like.
[0015]
(4) Cyano group-containing derivative
1-cyanomethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-2 -Phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanomethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methyl- 1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl 1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-4 (5 ) (6) -Methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-cyanoethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1-methyl -1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-2-ethyl-1 -Methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1 -Ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6 -Cyano-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) ( 6) -cyano-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5 ) (6) -cyano-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyano-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) ) (6) -Cyanomethyl-2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1-ethyl-2-phenyl -1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1,2 -Diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -cyanomethyl-1 , 2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP and the like.
[0016]
(5) Ether group-containing derivatives
1-methoxymethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxymethyl -2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6)- DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-2, (5) (6) -Dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-methoxyethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) ( ) -Methoxymethyl-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 ( 5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -methoxymethyl-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP and the like.
[0017]
(6) Ketone group-containing derivative
1-acetylmethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylmethyl -2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6)- DHP, 1-acetylethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-2, (5) (6) -Dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-acetylethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) ( ) -Acetylmethyl-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 ( 5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1 , 4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -acetylmethyl-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP and the like.
[0018]
(8) Hydroxyl group-containing derivative
1-hydroxymethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl-4 (5) (6) methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxymethyl- 2-benzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxyethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxyethyl-4 (5) (6) -methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP , 1-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1- Droxyethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxyethyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxyethyl-2-phenyl- 1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxyethyl-4 (5) (6) methyl-2-phenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 1-hydroxyethyl-2-benzyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6)- DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 5) (6) -Hydroxy-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -Hydroxy-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 ( 5) (6) -hydroxy-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-2-phenyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6)- DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6 ) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl 1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxy Methyl-2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl-2-benzyl-1-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5 ) (6) -Hydroxymethyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -Hydroxymethyl-1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, (5) (6) -Hydroxymethyl-1,2-diethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -Hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl-1-phenyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5 (6) -hydroxymethyl-1,2-diphenyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl-1-benzyl-2-ethyl-1,4 (6) -DHP, 4 (5) (6) -hydroxymethyl-1,2-dibenzyl-1,4 (6) -DHP and the like.
[0019]
Of these, preferred are 1,2,4 (5) (6) -trimethyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine, 1-ethyl-2,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine, 1,2, -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine, 1-methyl-1,4 ( 6) -Dihydropyrimidine, 1-ethyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine, 1,4 (5) (6) -dimethyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine and 1-ethyl-4 (5) (6) -Methyl-1,4 (6) -dihydropyrimidine, particularly preferred are 1,2, -dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine and 1,2,4-trimethyl-1,4-dihydro. Pyrimidine.
[0020]
In the present invention, the organic acids constituting the anion in the quaternary salt used in (A) include the following organic acids 1) to 4).
1) Carboxylic acids
C2-C15 divalent to tetravalent polycarboxylic acids: aliphatic polycarboxylic acids [saturated polycarboxylic acids (oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, pimelic acid, speric acid, azelaic acid) , Sebacic acid, etc.), unsaturated polycarboxylic acids (maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, etc.)], aromatic polycarboxylic acids [phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, etc.], S Polycarboxylic acid containing [thiodipropionic acid etc.];
C2-C20 oxycarboxylic acids: aliphatic oxycarboxylic acids [glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, castor oil fatty acids, etc.]; aromatic oxycarboxylic acids [salicylic acid, mandelic acid, etc.];
C 1-30 monocarboxylic acid: aliphatic monocarboxylic acid [saturated monocarboxylic acid (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, uralyl) Acids, myristic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, etc.), unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, oleic acid, etc.)]; aromatic monocarboxylic acids [benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, naphthoic acid, etc.] ];
2) Phenols
-Monohydric phenols (including phenols and naphthols): phenols, alkyl (C1-15) phenols (cresol, xylenol, ethylphenol, n- or isopropylphenol, isododecylphenol, etc.), methoxyphenols ( Eugenol, guaiacol, etc.), α-naphthol, β-naphthol, cyclohexylphenol and the like;
-Polyhydric phenols: catechol, resorcin, pyrogallol, phloroglucin, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S and the like.
[0021]
3) Mono- and di-alkyl phosphates having 1 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, mono- and dimethyl phosphates, mono- and diisopropyl phosphates, mono- and dibutyl phosphates, mono- and di- (2-ethylhexyl) phosphates , Mono and diisodecyl phosphates and the like.
[0022]
4) Sulfonic acid
Alkyl (C1-15) benzenesulfonic acid (p-toluenesulfonic acid, nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, etc.), sulfosalicylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic trifluoride and the like.
[0023]
In the present invention, examples of inorganic acids constituting anions in the quaternary salt used in (A) include phosphoric acid, boron tetrafluoride, perchloric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, antimony hexafluoride, And arsenic hexafluoride.
Examples of the imide anion include methanesulfonyl imide trifluoride, and examples of the methide anion include methanesulfonyl methide trifluoride.
[0024]
When the electrochemical element is an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, preferred among these are carboxylic acids and mono- or dialkyl phosphates, and more preferred are phthalic acid and maleic acid because of their high conductivity and thermal stability. It is.
When the electrochemical element is an electric double layer capacitor, preferred among these are inorganic acids and methanesulfonic trifluoride, and more preferred are tetrafluoroboronic acid, perchloric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid and It is methanesulfonic trifluoride.
[0025]
The molecular weight of the acid is usually from 46 to 500, preferably from 90 to 300. If the molecular weight exceeds 500, the solubility in the electrolyte solvent decreases.
[0026]
In the present invention, the quaternary salt (A) usually comprises a cation obtained by quaternizing the compound exemplified as (a) above and an acid anion.
As a method of quaternization of (a), for example, Am. Chem. Soc. , 69, 2269 (1947), and U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,944.
[0027]
The method for producing the quaternary salt (A) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following methods.
1) After quaternizing (a) with an alkyl halide, preferably an alkyl halide having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (eg, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, etc.) or an aralkyl halide (eg, benzyl chloride, etc.), After once converting the halogen ion into a hydroxyl ion, the desired quaternary salt can be obtained by reacting the halogen ion with the organic acid or the inorganic acid.
2) Quaternizing (a) with a carbonate diester [preferably a dialkyl carbonate having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (eg, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) or a diaryl carbonate (eg, diphenyl carbonate, etc.)] and then quaternary dihydropyridinium The desired quaternary salt is obtained by subjecting the carbonate to an anion exchange reaction with the above organic or inorganic acid.
3) After quaternizing (a) with an alkylene oxide [preferably an alkylene oxide having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (eg, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.)], styrene oxide, aryl glycidyl ether, etc., the above organic acid or inorganic acid To give the desired quaternary salt.
[0028]
In the electrolyte constituting the electrolytic solution of the present invention, the equivalent ratio of (a) to the acid (the organic acid or the inorganic acid) is not particularly limited, but (a): acid = 1: 0.9 to 1: 2.
[0029]
The pH of the electrolytic solution of the present invention is usually 4 to 11, preferably 6 to 9. When producing the quaternary salt (A), the pH of the electrolytic solution falls within this range (for example, the pH of the anion is adjusted to an anion). (Type, amount used). It is necessary to pay attention to pH adjustment when using a partial ester of a polybasic acid such as a polycarboxylic acid for anion formation. The pH of the electrolytic solution is an analytical value at 25 ° C. of the stock solution of the electrolytic solution.
[0030]
The electrolyte of the present invention comprises a solution of the quaternary salt (A), and a common organic solvent can be used as a solvent. Specific examples of the organic solvent are as follows, and two or more kinds can be used in combination. Further, water may be used together with these organic solvents, if necessary.
・ Alcohols:
Monohydric alcohol (methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, benzyl alcohol, amino alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, etc.), dihydric alcohol (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, etc.), Trihydric alcohols (such as glycerin) and tetrahydric or higher alcohols (such as hexitol).
・ Ethers:
Monoether (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, etc.), diether (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol) Dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, etc.).
・ Amides:
Formamides (N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, etc.), acetamides (N-methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide , N-diethylacetamide, etc.), propionamides (N, N-dimethylpropionamide, etc.), hexamethylphosphorylamide and the like.
Oxazolidinones:
N-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone and the like.
・ Lactones:
γ-butyrolactone, α-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone, β-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone and the like.
・ Nitriles:
Acetonitrile, acrylonitrile and the like.
・ Carbonates:
Ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and the like.
・ Other organic solvents:
Dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methylpyrrolidone, aromatic solvents (toluene, xylene, etc.), paraffin solvents (normal paraffin, isoparaffin) and the like.
[0031]
When the electrochemical element is an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, a preferable solvent is a solvent mainly composed of γ-butyrolactone and / or ethylene glycol. In the case of an electric double layer capacitor, it is a solvent mainly composed of propylene carbonate and / or γ-butyrolactone.
[0032]
When water is used together with the organic solvent, the water content is 10% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less, particularly 1% by weight or less based on the weight of the electrolytic solution.
[0033]
If necessary, other known quaternary ammonium salts (for example, tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salts, amidine-based quaternary salts, etc.) may be used together with (A) in the electrolytic solution of the present invention. When used in combination, the amount of the other quaternary ammonium salt is 30% by weight or less in the electrolyte.
[0034]
If necessary, various additives usually used for an electrolytic solution can be added to the electrolytic solution of the present invention. Examples of the additive include a phosphoric acid derivative (for example, phosphoric acid, phosphate ester, etc.), a boric acid derivative (for example, boric acid, a complex compound of boric acid and a polysaccharide (mannitol, sorbite, etc.), and a boric acid and polyvalent compound. Complex compounds with alcohols (such as ethylene glycol and glycerin)] and nitro compounds (eg, o-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, etc.). Can be mentioned.
[0035]
The content of the electrolyte salt in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is usually 1 to 70% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight based on the weight of the electrolytic solution.
[0036]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention is used for electrochemical devices such as electrolytic capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, batteries having a charge / discharge mechanism by charge transfer of ions, and electrochromic display devices.
[0037]
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the element components of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor. As shown in FIG. 1, an element is formed by winding an anode foil 1 as an anode electrode made of aluminum and a cathode pad 2 also as a cathode electrode made of aluminum so as to face each other with a
[0038]
【Example】
Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0039]
Production Example 1
A reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a nitrogen gas introduction tube was charged with 90 g of ethanol and 94 g of 2-methyl-pyrimidine while introducing nitrogen gas, cooled to -78 ° C, and then introduced with 300 ml of ammonia gas into the system. did. To this mixture, 69 g of metallic lithium was added little by little, and the mixture was reacted at the same temperature for 10 hours. After 100 g of ammonium chloride was added to the reaction mixture, the temperature was raised to room temperature, ammonia was removed by evaporation, and 2-methyl- 43 g of 1,4-dihydropyrimidine were obtained.
40 g of the above-mentioned 2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine and 40 g of toluene were charged into a 1 L SUS stirring autoclave, and the temperature was raised to 100 ° C., and 21 g of methyl chloride was introduced into the system little by little. Allowed to react for hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, added with 94 g of a 24% by weight solution of sodium methoxide in methanol, reacted at the same temperature, and distilled to obtain 24 g of 1,2-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine.
100 g of dimethyl carbonate and 20 g of the above 1,2-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine were charged into a 1 L SUS stirring autoclave and reacted at a reaction temperature of 130 ° C. for 48 hours. Analysis of the reaction solution by liquid chromatography showed that the conversion of 2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine to methyl carbonate / 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium was 95%. Was. Unreacted substances and the solvent were distilled off to obtain 32 g of 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate.
Next, 30 g of this 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate was dissolved in 200 g of methanol, and 17.4 g of maleic acid was gradually added. Removal gave 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium maleate (Q1) (32.6 g).
[0040]
Production Example 2
In Example 1, benzoic acid / 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium (except that 17.3 g of benzoic acid was used instead of 17.4 g of maleic acid) Q2) 33.3 g were obtained.
[0041]
Production Example 3
Production Example 1, except that 21.9 g of adipic acid was used instead of 17.4 g of maleic acid, in the same manner as in Production Example 1, 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium adipic acid ( Q3) 36.5 g was obtained.
[0042]
Production Example 4
Preparation Example 1, except that 24.9 g of phthalic acid was used in place of 17.4 g of maleic acid, in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium phthalate ( Q4) 39.2 g were obtained.
[0043]
Production Example 5
Into a 1 L SUS stirring autoclave, 40 g of toluene and 40 g of 2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine were charged, and after raising the temperature to 100 ° C., 27 g of ethyl chloride was introduced little by little into the system, and the same temperature was maintained for 8 hours. Reacted. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, 94 g of a 24% by weight solution of sodium methoxide in methanol was added, and the mixture was reacted at the same temperature. Thereafter, 21.5 g of 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine was obtained by distillation. Was.
100 g of dimethyl carbonate and 20 g of the above-mentioned 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine were charged into a 1 L SUS stirring autoclave, and reacted at a reaction temperature of 130 ° C. for 48 hours. The reaction solution was analyzed by liquid chromatography, and it was found that 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine was converted to 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate. The rate was 94%. Unreacted substances and the solvent were distilled off to obtain 31 g of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate.
Next, 30 g of this methyl carbonate / 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium was dissolved in 200 g of methanol, and 23.3 g of phthalic acid was gradually added. The gas and methanol were removed to obtain 38.3 g of 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium phthalate (Q5).
[0044]
Production Example 6
A reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube was charged with 90 g of ethanol and 108 g of 2-ethylpyrimidine while introducing nitrogen gas, cooled to -78 ° C, and then 300 ml of ammonia gas was introduced into the system. . To this mixture, 69 g of metallic lithium was added little by little, and reacted at the same temperature for 10 hours. After 100 g of ammonium chloride was added to the reaction mixture, the temperature was raised to room temperature, ammonia was removed by evaporation, and 38 g of 2-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine was obtained by distillation.
40 g of toluene and 35 g of the above-mentioned 2-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine were charged into a 1 L SUS stirring autoclave, heated to 100 ° C., 16 g of methyl chloride was introduced into the system little by little, and the same temperature was maintained for 8 hours. Reacted. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, 72 g of a 24% by weight methanol solution of sodium methoxide was added, and the mixture was reacted at the same temperature, followed by distillation to obtain 21 g of 2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine.
100 g of dimethyl carbonate and 20 g of the above 2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine were charged into a 1 L SUS stirring autoclave, and reacted at a reaction temperature of 130 ° C. for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was analyzed by liquid chromatography, and it was found that 2-ethyl-1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine was converted to 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate. The rate was 93.0%. After distilling off the unreacted substances and the solvent, 31 g of 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate was obtained.
Next, 30 g of 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate was dissolved in 200 g of methanol, and 23.3 g of phthalic acid was gradually added thereto. The gas and methanol were removed to obtain 38.4 g of 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium phthalate (Q6).
[0045]
Production Example 7
Production Example 1 except that 17.2 g of maleic acid was replaced by 13.2 g of tetrafluoroboronic acid in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4 28.6 g of dihydropyrimidinium (Q7) were obtained.
[0046]
Production Example 8
Perchloric acid / 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine was prepared in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 15.1 g of perchloric acid was used instead of 17.4 g of maleic acid. 30.4 g of N (Q8) was obtained.
[0047]
Comparative Production Example 1
A 1 L SUS stirred autoclave was charged with 100 g of dimethyl carbonate and 20 g of 1,2-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, and reacted at a reaction temperature of 130 ° C. for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the reaction mixture was analyzed by liquid chromatography. As a result, 1,2-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine methyl carbonate / 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4 The conversion to 5,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium was 96.0%. After distilling off the unreacted substances and the solvent, 32 g of 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate was obtained.
Next, 30.0 g of this 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium methyl carbonate was dissolved in 200 g of methanol, and 24.7 g of phthalic acid was gradually added. The generated carbon dioxide gas and methanol were removed to obtain 39.1 g of 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium phthalate (Q9).
[0048]
Comparative Production Example 2
A reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer and a stirrer was charged with 20 g of phthalic acid and 100 g of water, and at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C., 12.2 g of triethylamine was introduced into the system little by little. After reacting at the same temperature for 1 hour, water was added. After distilling off, 28.8 g of phthalic acid / triethylamine (Q10) was obtained.
[0049]
Comparative Production Example 3
A reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer and a stirrer is charged with 20 g of phthalic acid, and at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C., 109.2 g of a 10% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide is introduced little by little into the system, and the reaction is carried out at the same temperature for 2 hours. After that, water was distilled off to obtain 25.7 g of tetramethylammonium phthalate (Q11).
[0050]
Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
(Table 1) shows the composition and conductivity of the electrolytic solutions of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, and the heat resistance test of these electrolytic solutions in a closed glass ampule at 105 ° C. to 1000 h and 125 ° C. to 1000 h. The rate of change in conductivity after the test is carried out (= [conductivity after heat resistance test] / [conductivity before heat resistance test] × 100 unit is “%”).
[0051]
[Table 1]
[0052]
(note)
Q1: Maleic acid / 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium Q2: Benzoic acid / 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium Q3: Adipic acid / 1 2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium Q4: 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium phthalate
Q5: 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium phthalate
Q6: 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium phthalate
Q7: Boron tetrafluoride-1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydrpyrimidinium
Q8: 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidinium perchlorate
Q9: 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium phthalate
Q10: phthalic acid / triethylamine
Q11: Tetramethylammonium phthalate
GBL: γ-butyrolactone
EG: ethylene glycol
PC: Propylene carbonate
NBA: Nitrobenzoic acid
MBPAE: Monobutyl phosphate
[0053]
As shown in (Table 1), in Comparative Example 1, since the tetrahydropyrimidinium salt was used, the stability of conductivity at a temperature of 110 ° C was high, but the conductivity after a heat test at 125 ° C was high. Since the rate of change is large, it is difficult to guarantee the impedance performance of the capacitor at a high temperature for a long time.
In Comparative Example 2, since the tertiary amine salt was used for the electrolyte, the rate of change in the conductivity after the heat resistance test at 125 ° C. was small, but the original conductivity was low. It is difficult to design low.
[0054]
Next, a roll-up type aluminum electrolytic capacitor (rated voltage 25 V-capacitance 4700 μF, size: φ18 mm × L36 mm) was prepared using the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. . Aluminum of 99.99% purity is used for both lead-out leads, and peroxide-cured butyl rubber having a hardness of 68 degrees (sealing rubber: 43 parts of inorganic filler, 30 parts of polymer component, 24 parts of carbon, 1 part of magnesium oxide, and 2 parts of dicumyl peroxide). A reverse voltage of -2.0 V was applied to the aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and a liquid leakage resistance test of 2,000 h was performed in a thermostatic layer at a temperature of 85 ° C and a relative humidity of 85% RH. The results, the impedance of the capacitor of this specification, and the rate of change of the impedance when a rated voltage application test of 125 ° C. to 1000 h was performed (= [impedance after heat resistance test] / [impedance before heat resistance test] × 100) “%”) Are shown in Table 2 together.
[0055]
[Table 2]
[0056]
As is clear from (Table 2), in the electrolyte solutions of Examples 1 to 8 of the present invention, a reverse voltage was applied at a temperature of 85 ° C. and a relative humidity of 85% RH even in a combination design with a sealing rubber having a hardness of 68 degrees. No leakage of the electrolytic solution was observed even after lapse of 2000 hours in the state. Further, the rate of change of impedance in the 125 ° C. rated voltage application test is small. In Comparative Example 1, since 1,2,3-trimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium phthalate was used for the electrolyte, the electrolyte solution was not designed in combination with a sealing rubber having a hardness of 68 degrees. Leakage cannot be completely suppressed. Further, the rate of change of the impedance at 125 ° C. is also large. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, although the quaternary ammonium salt is used for the electrolyte, the rate of change in impedance is small, but the leakage of the electrolyte occurs at a high probability, which is further undesirable. In Comparative Example 2, since the tertiary amine salt is used for the electrolyte, no leakage of the electrolytic solution is observed, but the impedance of the capacitor becomes high because the conductivity of the electrolytic solution is low, which is not preferable.
[0057]
Therefore, by using the electrolytic solution using the salt of the present invention as an electrolyte, a capacitor having a low impedance and having a small rate of change even during a heat resistance test at a high temperature of 125 ° C. can be formed. The present invention can easily improve without using a limited kind of high hardness and high elastic sealing rubber, and can realize a highly reliable aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the electrolytic solution of the present invention is an electrolytic solution using a salt (A) having a quaternary salt of a dihydropyrimidine compound (a) as a cation component as an electrolyte, and an electrochemical device using the same. With this configuration, a capacitor having a low impedance and a small rate of change even during a heat test at a high temperature of 125 ° C. can be formed, and a problem such as leakage of the electrolyte can be reduced by using a limited type of high hardness and high elastic sealing rubber. It is easy to improve without using it, and a highly reliable aluminum electrolytic capacitor can be realized.
[0059]
When used in electrolytic capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, batteries having a charge / discharge mechanism by charge transfer of ions, electrochromic display elements, etc., they deteriorate or corrode the resin, rubber, and metal that come into contact with the electrolytic solution. Therefore, a highly reliable electrochemical element can be formed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an element component of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Anode night
2: Cathode night
3: Separator
4: drawer lead
Claims (11)
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