JP3540755B2 - Method for producing fish bone fine powder - Google Patents

Method for producing fish bone fine powder Download PDF

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JP3540755B2
JP3540755B2 JP2001036683A JP2001036683A JP3540755B2 JP 3540755 B2 JP3540755 B2 JP 3540755B2 JP 2001036683 A JP2001036683 A JP 2001036683A JP 2001036683 A JP2001036683 A JP 2001036683A JP 3540755 B2 JP3540755 B2 JP 3540755B2
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bone
fine powder
fish
powder
meat
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JP2002238504A (en
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政勝 森田
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政勝 森田
森田 健司
森田 トミコ
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カルシウムなどの補給に好適な魚骨、特にウナギの骨を原料とした魚骨の粉末、およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
魚の骨、特にウナギの骨を原料として、これらを煮沸・乾燥した後破砕した魚骨の粉末や、その製造法が知られている。例えば、特許第3056201号明細書には、次のような工程からなる魚骨粉末の製造方法が記載されている。
【0003】
(1)肉付魚骨から、そこに付着している魚肉を分離して得られた骨を、米粒状に細かく刻んで「骨粒」にする。
(2)前記骨粒を2〜3気圧の圧力、110〜140度Cの温度で高圧高温処理し、骨粒の骨髄から油脂成分を析出・分離させて「細骨」にする。
(3)前記細骨を、65度Cの温度で温風乾燥した後、破砕して150〜200メッシュの粉末にする。
(4)前記粉末に3〜12μmの赤外線(特に、5μmの遠赤外線)を照射して殺菌・消臭処理をする。
(5)最後に、約200メッシュの篩で分級し、約200メッシュ以下の微粉末を製品として採集する。
【0004】
このような方法により、カルシウム成分を豊富に含み、臭みが少なくて飲み易いウナギなどの魚骨微粉末が得られる。上記の方法で得られたウナギの骨の微粉末の成分分析結果は、上記特許第3056201号発明に関するパンフレットによれば、試料100g中に含まれる水分が5.1g、蛋白質が23.2g、脂質が1.1gとされている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
魚骨など、特にウナギの骨自体や、これらを加工した粉末、顆粒などを人が飲食、飲用した場合に、骨に含まれるカルシウム成分が、人体内でより良く吸収されるようにするには、同時に摂取する蛋白質が多く、脂質が少ない方がよいことが知られている。前記特許製法の魚骨微粉末は従来のものに比べれば、蛋白質や脂質の含有量の面で幾分の改善が見られるが、平均寿命が延び、健康指向が強まっている現在では、なお一層の改善、すなわち骨成分内に残留する蛋白質の含有量を増やし、脂質の含有量を減らすことが要望されている。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、魚骨微粉末の中に含まれる脂質や水分の量をより一層減らす一方、蛋白質の含有率はなるべく高く維持することができる魚骨、特にウナギの骨の微粉末の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の特徴は、魚体から取り出した肉付き骨を高温蒸気で蒸して肉を軟化する第1工程と、前記肉付き骨に熱湯を加圧噴射して肉を骨から分離する第2工程と、分離された骨を乾燥する第3工程と、乾燥した骨を粉末にする第4工程とからなる魚骨微粉末の製造方法にある。前記乾燥は木炭、特に備長炭を用いるのが望ましい。
【0008】
前記の製造方法によれば、100g中に含まれる脂質の重量が0.95g以下、蛋白質の重量が25.5g以上であり、さらには水分の重量が4.5g以下である魚骨の微粉末を得ることができる。
【0009】
【作用】
本発明によれば、従来の製法に比べて比較的簡単な工程で、製品である魚骨微粉末に含まれる残留脂質の量を減らし、蛋白質の含有率を高く維持できるので、服用したときのカルシウム吸収阻害要因が減り、吸収率が高くなるばかりでなく、生臭さが減って飲み易くなり、さらに保存時の時間経過に伴う品質劣化も少なくなる。さらに加熱乾燥処理の終期における油脂および水分含有率が低くなるので、その後の粉砕工程での粉末の微細化が容易になり、粉砕処理時間の短縮にも寄与する。また、微粉末の粒子径が小さいので飲み易く、かつ顆粒や錠剤への加工も容易になる利点がある。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下に、図1の工程図を参照して本発明の1実施例を詳細に説明する。ブロック10では、原料としての肉付骨を収集する。前記肉付骨は、例えばウナギやアナゴの場合は、蒲焼きなどにするために魚体を割くときに得られる。ブロック20では、収集された原料である肉付骨を蒸気で十分に蒸し上げて、肉を十分に軟化させ、また肉が骨から分離され易くなり、さらに背骨の個々の硬骨などがバラバラに分離され易くなるようにする。ウナギの場合は、常圧で2時間以上蒸せば十分である。このように高温蒸気で蒸すことにより、従来のように煮沸する場合とは異なり、骨の有効成分、特に蛋白質が溶け出すのを最少に抑えることができる。
【0011】
ブロック30では、前記ブロック20で蒸した肉付骨をざるや篩などに移し、加圧した熱湯をノズルからまんべんなく噴射する。この処理により、骨が肉からほぼ完全に分離され、かつほぐされてざるや篩の目から落下除去され、同時に個々の骨(硬骨)がバラバラにされる。またこれにより、硬骨の内部の骨髄液、前記硬骨の表面に付着した血液や油脂成分などが除去される。本発明者の実験では、このときの湯温は75〜95度Cで十分(80〜90度Cくらいが最適)であり、圧力は15〜25気圧が適当(20気圧くらいが最適)である。
【0012】
ブロック40では、前記ブロック30で得られたバラバラの硬骨を加熱・乾燥する。このための装置としては、赤外線乾燥装置などの適当な装置が利用できるが、本発明者の実験によれば、木炭炉特に備長炭を使用する木炭炉が最適である。木炭炉内で加熱・乾燥すると、燻製効果が出るので、魚骨などに特有の生臭さが抜けて好ましい香気が付与される。この結果、粉末にしたときの飲み易さが改善される。なお、木炭炉に燻蒸材を追加して燻蒸効果を増強することもできる。
【0013】
このときの炉内温度は、目標の乾燥度合に達するまでの処理時間との関係で、経験的に決められるが、60〜100度Cくらいが良く、加熱時間は10〜20時間くらいが適当である。加熱温度が高いと、処理時間は短かくて済むが、硬骨がこげて製品の品質が低下するおそれがある。この処理が終了した段階での硬骨の含水率は100gあたり約2.0gくらい、またはそれ以下に低下していると推測される。
【0014】
ブロック50の粉砕工程では、乾燥済みの硬骨を通常の装置と手法で粉末にする。本発明者の実験では「摺り潰し」を採用した。前記ブロック30の処理で油脂成分が除去されて残留油脂成分が十分に少なくなっており、またブロック40の処理で十分に乾燥されているので、比較的短時間で効率良く、微細粒子にまで粉砕することができ、得られる粉末の粒径が従来の方法で得られるものに比べて小さくなる。
【0015】
本発明の方法で製造したウナギ骨の微粉末の粒径を福岡県水産海洋技術研究所に依頼して測定したところ、約2〜60μmの範囲に分布していることが分った。このように極めて微粒であるので、飲用に際して口に入れたときに口中で溶けるような感じになり、飲み易さが助長される。
【0016】
ブロック60、70では、必要に応じては(通常は必要ではないが)、所望サイズ(例えば、1000〜1500メッシュ)の篩などで分級し、最終的に得られた所望サイズ以下、または所望のサイズ範囲の粉末を計量して瓶詰めにしたり、またはさらに顆粒や錠剤に加工して製品にする。
【0017】
上記の方法で本発明者が製造したウナギの微粉末の成分分析結果(日本食品分析センターによる分析試験)は次の通りである。 すなわち、試料100g中に含まれる水分は2.8g、蛋白質は32.2g、脂質は0.4g、カルシウムは22.9gである。
【0018】
以上では、ウナギの肉付骨からその微粉末を得る方法について述べたが、アナゴなどの他の種類の魚骨を微粉末にする場合にも本発明の方法が適用できることは容易に理解されるであろう。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来の製法に比べて比較的簡単な工程で、製品である魚骨微粉末に含まれる残留脂質の量を減らすことができるので、人が服用したときのカルシウム吸収阻害要因が減り、吸収率が高くなるばかりでなく、生臭さが減って飲み易くなり、さらに保存時の時間経過に伴う品質劣化も少なくなる。また製造工程における蛋白質の溶出が少なく、その含有率が高く維持されるので、カルシウムの吸収が助けられる。さらに加熱乾燥処理の終期における油脂および水分含有率が低くなるので、その後の粉砕工程での粉末の微細化が容易になり、粉砕処理時間の短縮にも寄与する。また、微粉末の粒子径が小さいので飲み易く、かつ顆粒や錠剤への加工も容易になる利点がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の処理工程図である。
【符号の説明】
10,20,30,40,50,60,70…ブロック
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fish bone powder suitable for replenishment of calcium and the like, particularly fish bone powder obtained from eel bone, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are known fish bone powders obtained by boiling, drying and crushing fish bones, particularly eel bones, and a method for producing the same. For example, Japanese Patent No. 3056201 describes a method for producing fish bone powder comprising the following steps.
[0003]
(1) The bone obtained by separating the fish meat attached to the meat fish bone from the meat bone is finely chopped into rice grains to form “bone grains”.
(2) The bone particles are subjected to a high pressure and high temperature treatment at a pressure of 2 to 3 atm and a temperature of 110 to 140 ° C. to precipitate and separate an oil component from the bone marrow of the bone particles to form “fine bone”.
(3) The fine bone is dried with hot air at a temperature of 65 ° C., and then crushed to a powder of 150 to 200 mesh.
(4) The powder is irradiated with infrared rays of 3 to 12 μm (particularly, far infrared rays of 5 μm) to perform sterilization and deodorization treatment.
(5) Finally, the mixture is classified with a sieve of about 200 mesh, and fine powder of about 200 mesh or less is collected as a product.
[0004]
According to such a method, fish bone fine powder such as eel containing abundant calcium components and having a low odor and easy to drink can be obtained. According to the results of the component analysis of the fine powder of eel bone obtained by the above method, according to the pamphlet relating to the above-mentioned Japanese Patent No. 3056201, the sample contained 100 g of water containing 5.1 g, 23.2 g of protein, and 23.2 g of protein. Is 1.1 g.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For humans to eat and drink the bones of eel, especially the bones of eel, and the powders and granules obtained by processing them, calcium components contained in the bones are better absorbed in the human body. It is known that it is better to consume more protein and less lipid at the same time. Although the fish bone fine powder of the patented method has some improvement in protein and lipid content as compared with the conventional one, the average life expectancy has been extended and the health-oriented has been strengthened at present. There is a demand for improvement of the above, that is, increasing the content of protein remaining in the bone component and reducing the content of lipid.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to produce a fine powder of fish bone, particularly eel bone, which can maintain the protein content as high as possible while further reducing the amount of lipid and water contained in the fine fish bone powder. It is to provide a method.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The features of the present invention include a first step of softening the meat by steaming the flesh bone taken out of the fish body with high-temperature steam, a second step of jetting hot water onto the flesh bone to separate the meat from the bone, The present invention provides a method for producing a fine fish bone powder, comprising a third step of drying the dried bone and a fourth step of drying the dried bone. It is desirable to use charcoal, especially Bincho charcoal for the drying.
[0008]
According to the above-mentioned production method, a fine powder of fish bone in which the weight of lipid contained in 100 g is 0.95 g or less, the weight of protein is 25.5 g or more, and the weight of water is 4.5 g or less is contained. Can be obtained.
[0009]
[Action]
According to the present invention, the amount of residual lipid contained in the fish bone fine powder as a product can be reduced and the protein content can be maintained at a high level in a relatively simple step as compared with the conventional manufacturing method, so that when taken, Not only do calcium absorption inhibiting factors decrease, the absorption rate increases, but also the fishy odor decreases, making it easier to drink, and furthermore, the deterioration of quality with time during storage is reduced. Furthermore, since the fats and oils and the water content at the end of the heat-drying process are reduced, it is easy to make the powder finer in the subsequent pulverizing step, which also contributes to shortening the pulverizing processing time. Further, there is an advantage that the fine powder has a small particle diameter, so that it is easy to drink, and processing into granules and tablets becomes easy.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the process chart of FIG. In block 10, flesh bone as raw material is collected. For example, in the case of eel and Japanese locust, the meaty bone is obtained when breaking a fish body for grilling. In block 20, the collected raw meat, which is the raw material, is sufficiently steamed with steam to sufficiently soften the meat, the meat is easily separated from the bone, and the individual bones of the spine are separated separately. So that they can be In the case of eels, steaming at normal pressure for 2 hours or more is sufficient. By steaming with high-temperature steam in this way, unlike the conventional case of boiling, it is possible to minimize the dissolution of active ingredients of bone, particularly proteins.
[0011]
In block 30, the meaty bones steamed in block 20 are transferred to a zircon or sieve, and pressurized hot water is evenly sprayed from a nozzle. By this treatment, the bones are almost completely separated from the meat and are loosened or dropped from the sieve eyes, and at the same time individual bones (hard bones) are broken apart. This also removes bone marrow fluid inside the bone, blood and oil components adhering to the surface of the bone. In the experiment of the present inventor, the hot water temperature at this time is sufficient at 75 to 95 ° C. (approx. 80 to 90 ° C. is optimal), and the pressure is suitably 15 to 25 atm (optimum is about 20 atm). .
[0012]
In block 40, the disjointed hard bone obtained in block 30 is heated and dried. As an apparatus for this purpose, an appropriate apparatus such as an infrared drying apparatus can be used, but according to experiments performed by the present inventors, a charcoal furnace, particularly a charcoal furnace using Bincho charcoal, is most suitable. Heating and drying in a charcoal furnace produces a smoked effect, so that the fishy bones and other peculiar odors are eliminated and a favorable aroma is imparted. As a result, the ease of drinking when powdered is improved. The fumigation effect can be enhanced by adding a fumigant to the charcoal furnace.
[0013]
The temperature in the furnace at this time is empirically determined in relation to the processing time required to reach the target degree of drying, but is preferably about 60 to 100 ° C., and the heating time is suitably about 10 to 20 hours. is there. When the heating temperature is high, the treatment time is short, but the bones may be burnt and the quality of the product may be reduced. It is presumed that the water content of the bone at the end of this treatment has dropped to about 2.0 g per 100 g or less.
[0014]
In the pulverizing step of block 50, the dried hard bone is pulverized by an ordinary device and method. In the experiment of the present inventor, "crushing" was adopted. The fat and oil components are removed by the treatment of the block 30, and the residual fat and oil components are sufficiently reduced. Also, since the fat and oil components are sufficiently dried by the treatment of the block 40, they are efficiently pulverized into fine particles in a relatively short time. And the particle size of the resulting powder is smaller than that obtained by conventional methods.
[0015]
When the particle size of the fine eel bone powder produced by the method of the present invention was measured by requesting the Fisheries and Marine Technology Research Institute of Fukuoka Prefecture, it was found that the particle size was distributed in the range of about 2 to 60 μm. Since the particles are extremely fine as described above, when they are taken into the mouth during drinking, they feel like they are melted in the mouth, and the ease of drinking is promoted.
[0016]
In the blocks 60 and 70, if necessary (usually not necessary), the particles are classified with a sieve having a desired size (for example, 1000 to 1500 mesh) or the like, and are finally classified into a desired size or less, or a desired size. The powders in the size range are weighed and bottled or further processed into granules and tablets to make the product.
[0017]
The results of the component analysis (analysis test by the Japan Food Research Laboratories) of the fine eel powder produced by the present inventors according to the above method are as follows. That is, 2.8 g of water, 32.2 g of protein, 0.4 g of lipid, and 22.9 g of calcium are contained in 100 g of the sample.
[0018]
In the above, the method of obtaining the fine powder from the meat of the eel is described. Will.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of residual lipid contained in the product fish bone fine powder in a relatively simple process as compared with the conventional manufacturing method, so that calcium absorption inhibition factor when taken by humans Not only the absorption rate is increased, but also the fishy odor is reduced and the drink is easy to drink, and the quality deterioration with the lapse of time during storage is reduced. In addition, since the protein is less eluted in the production process and its content is maintained at a high level, calcium absorption is assisted. Furthermore, since the fats and oils and the water content at the end of the heat-drying process are reduced, it is easy to make the powder finer in the subsequent pulverizing step, which also contributes to shortening the pulverizing processing time. Further, there is an advantage that the fine powder has a small particle diameter, so that it is easy to drink, and processing into granules and tablets becomes easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 ... block

Claims (3)

魚体から取り出した肉付き骨を高温の水蒸気で長時間蒸して肉を軟化する第1工程と、前記肉付き骨に熱湯を加圧噴射して付着した肉を骨から分離する第2工程と、前記工程で肉を分離された骨を乾燥する第3工程と、前記工程で乾燥した骨を粉末にする第4工程とからなることを特徴とする魚骨微粉末の製造方法。A first step of softening the meat by steaming the meated bone taken out of the fish body with high-temperature steam for a long time; 3. A method for producing a fine fish bone powder, comprising: a third step of drying the bone from which the meat has been separated in the above step; and a fourth step of powdering the bone dried in the step. 前記第2工程で用いる熱湯は温度約75度〜95度C、圧力約15〜25気圧であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の魚骨微粉末の製造方法。2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hot water used in the second step has a temperature of about 75 to 95 [deg.] C. and a pressure of about 15 to 25 atm. 前記第3工程の乾燥は木炭を用いた加熱によって行うことを特徴とする請求項またはに記載の魚骨微粉末の製造方法。The third drying step the method for producing a fish bone fine powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that by heating with charcoal.
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CN108471788A (en) * 2016-01-26 2018-08-31 泰万盛集团(大众)有限公司 A method of preparing fishbone dust
CN111642710A (en) * 2020-06-28 2020-09-11 福建铭发水产开发有限公司 Processing device and method for eel minced fillet

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