JP3520927B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus which combines a regenerative cycle for smoothing nighttime power and daytime power, and more particularly to power generation on the regenerative cycle side. It is another object of the present invention to provide a power generation device that fully considers the protection of the global environment on the cycle side. [0002] Originally, it is a debt of a company to supply goods or services meeting the demands of the current generation of people and society in a timely manner and at an appropriate cost. The social demands of the current generation on the next generation of humans and society without preserving any negative heritage such as destruction of the global environment and mass consumption of fossil fuels, in other words, how to preserve the common property of the earth It is required to provide goods or services that can satisfy the above conditions, and such demands are particularly strongly demanded for the electric power company as a public company. For this reason, conventionally, without constructing a power generator in accordance with the peak power of cooling power consumption in the daytime, especially in the summertime, effectively using the surplus power at night,
Cold storage or heat storage is performed by using late-night power, which greatly reduces power consumption, and peak power is smoothed by incorporating the heat energy into a part of the power generation cycle during the daytime. [0003] In recent years, nuclear power generation of a nuclear fission type such as a light water reactor and the like, and a nuclear fusion type capable of infinite use of fuel without using a fossil fuel consuming power generation system such as thermal power generation in the power generation cycle. Nuclear power is focused on. In the case of nuclear power generation, similar to ordinary thermal power generation, heat is generated by flowing heat steam gasified by, for example, a fusion reactor as a heating device into a turbine and converting pressure energy into kinetic energy to generate power. Generate electricity,
On the other hand, after the low-pressure gas that has finished working in the turbine is condensed by exchanging heat with seawater in a condenser, it is led to a flash tank,
The condensed water stored in the flash tank is again gasified into hot steam in the reaction furnace by the circulation pump, and the power generation cycle (rankine cycle) is repeated. However, the heat exchange with the seawater in the condenser causes the seawater to become hot water, which leads to environmental destruction. For this reason, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-45095, an air-cooled condenser is used for the condenser, and the condenser is used to cool low-pressure gas with air instead of seawater, and to refrigerate the generator. In order to drive the refrigerator through the generator during nighttime power to store cold heat from the evaporator in the cold storage tank, and to guide the low-pressure gas from the turbine to the cold storage tank together with the air-cooled condenser during the daytime. Make up. Thereby, the heat radiation amount of the air-cooled condenser is appropriately distributed to the regenerator, and the heat radiation amount of the air-cooled condenser is reduced by that amount, so that the temperature rise of the atmosphere can be avoided. [0005] However, unlike in the case of thermal power generation, it is difficult to control the supply of fuel into the reactor in the case of nuclear power generation. The hot water or hot air of the above is discharged, as a result, the amount of low-pressure gas introduced into the air-cooled condenser does not change during night operation, and the low-pressure gas is distributed to the cold storage tank at night because cold storage is being performed. Therefore, the amount of heat released to seawater or the atmosphere cannot be reduced, and there is no defense against environmental destruction. On the other hand, in the refrigerating cycle on the side of the regenerator, ammonia or carbon dioxide gas refrigerant is used as an alternative energy to Freon in order to prevent destruction of the ozone layer in the atmosphere in recent years. However, even when an ammonia or carbon dioxide gas refrigerant is used, it is merely used as an alternative refrigerant to chlorofluorocarbon, and does not make use of the advantage of ammonia or carbon dioxide gas. That is, as long as the technology uses the ammonia or the like only as a substitute for chlorofluorocarbon, there is basically no point in using ammonia, and it is not a step forward in terms of so-called technological progress. [0007] In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is also effective in a device that discharges a constant amount of the hot water or hot air regardless of day and night, such as nuclear power, to seawater or the atmosphere. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generator capable of smoothly reducing cold energy storage at night and effectively preventing environmental destruction by reducing the amount of heat radiation. Another object of the present invention is to
Using a refrigerant instead of Freon for the refrigeration cycle for cold storage, effectively utilizing the advantages of the substitute refrigerant, a power generator incorporating a cool storage cycle suitable for the power generator, which is several stages superior to Freon. The purpose is to provide. According to the present invention, there is provided a power generating apparatus comprising the above-described turbine and a condenser, wherein an intermediate pressure gas extracted from a middle stage of the turbine is used as a heat source for an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle. A first refrigeration cycle to be configured, a low-temperature regenerator, a refrigerating compressor combined with an induction motor connected to an induction motor, a low-temperature regenerator, and a refrigerant evaporator comprising ammonia or carbon dioxide as refrigerant. 2 frozen /
An expansion cycle, wherein during low-temperature operation, low-temperature cold storage is performed in the low-temperature regenerator by compression operation of the refrigerating compressor using the evaporator of the first refrigeration cycle as a condenser. The refrigerant cooled by the low-temperature energy stored at a low temperature is guided to a refrigerant evaporator, and heat-exchanged with a low-pressure gas discharged from the turbine and / or a heat exchange medium from a condenser. The present invention is characterized in that the refrigeration compressor is expanded and rotated, and the induction motor connected to the refrigeration compressor is rotated as a generator. The present invention is preferably applied mainly to a nuclear power generation apparatus, but is not limited thereto, and is also applicable to a thermal power generation or a power generation apparatus using a garbage depreciation furnace as a heating source. According to the above technical means, the following functions are provided. For example, in the case of nuclear power generation, even during nighttime operation, the same heat steam as in the daytime is obtained from the heating device side, but also in this case, the medium pressure gas is absorbed from the middle stage of the turbine or supplied to the adsorption refrigerator side. The amount of low-pressure gas introduced into the condenser side is greatly reduced, and as a result, the amount of heat released to the seawater or the atmosphere that exchanges heat with the condenser can be greatly reduced, effectively preventing environmental destruction. I can do it. Since the refrigerating operation in the regenerator is performed in two stages, that is, an absorption refrigerating machine and a refrigerating cycle of ammonia or the like, the refrigerating operation is performed at -50 ° C. without increasing the axial power of the refrigerating compressor. The following low-temperature energy can be stored.
In such a refrigeration cycle for storing low-temperature energy, ammonia or carbon dioxide gas refrigerant is more advantageous than chlorofluorocarbon, and refrigeration efficiency superior to chlorofluorocarbon by several steps can be obtained. Further, the absorption or adsorption refrigerator constituting the first refrigeration cycle also uses ammonia. As a result, a more effective regenerative storage cycle can be constructed without using chlorofluorocarbon. In the daytime, the refrigerant cooled by the low-temperature energy stored in the low-temperature storage tank at a low temperature is guided to a refrigerant evaporator to exchange heat with the low-pressure gas discharged from the turbine. Is cooled to an extremely low temperature of −50 ° C. or less, so that the load on the condenser side can be greatly reduced. Further, a heat exchange medium from the condenser on the refrigerant evaporator side, specifically, seawater By exchanging heat with seawater, the temperature of seawater itself can be effectively reduced, and a closed cycle can be formed by circulating the seawater or fluid between the condensers. Can be effectively blocked. Further, the evaporated refrigerant after the heat exchange in the refrigerant evaporator performs the expansion rotation of the refrigeration compressor, and can generate a power through an induction motor connected to the refrigeration compressor. Therefore, even if the amount of power generation on the turbine side is reduced, peak power demand can be effectively covered, and the construction cost and equipment cost of the power plant can be effectively reduced. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, unless otherwise specified, dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention thereto, but are merely illustrative examples. Not just. FIG.
Is a basic configuration diagram of a power generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Numeral 1 denotes a nuclear fusion reactor, which forms a nuclear fusion reaction chamber 14 with a superconducting coil 11, a vacuum vessel 12, and a blanket 13 as is known. Fuel injection part 1 communicating with the reaction chamber 14
5. A tritium recovery unit 16 is provided. 2 is a flash tank, 3 is a circulation pump, 4 is a steam turbine whose output shaft is connected to a generator 4A, and 5 is a condenser, which constitutes a Rankine cycle. That is, as described above, the heat steam gasified in the fusion reactor 1 flows into the steam turbine 4 to drive and rotate the generator 4A to generate electric power, while the low-pressure gas that has stopped working in the turbine 4 is recovered. After being condensed in the water tank 5, the condensate is led to the flash tank 2, and the condensed water stored in the flash tank 2 is again gasified into hot steam in the reaction furnace 1 by the circulation pump 3, and the Rankine cycle is repeated. A heat exchanger 5a in the condenser 5 is connected to a load heat exchanger 21a of a refrigerant evaporator 21 and a pipe 22 as described later.
And a pump 23. The turbine 4 is connected to a bleed pipe 6 at the middle stage so that the medium-pressure gas extracted from the turbine 4 can be introduced into the generator 71 of the ammonia absorption refrigerator 7. As is known, the absorption refrigerator 7 includes a generator 71, a heat exchanger 72, an absorber 73, a condenser 74, and an evaporator 75. The medium-pressure gas is led to the generator 71 of the absorption refrigerator 7, and the evaporator
It is configured so that the heat of evaporation of about 5 to 7 ° C. can be taken out on the 5 side. The heat of condensation on the side of the condenser 74 is used for nighttime district heating, a heated water pool, a fish farm, and the like, if necessary. On the other hand, on the evaporator 75 side, ammonia or ammonia is supplied by a low-temperature regenerator tank 25 for performing low-temperature regenerative storage at -55 ° C. through a liquid receiver 24 and a refrigerating compressor 27 connected to an induction motor 26 and also serving as an expander. A refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and the refrigeration compressor 27 and the low-temperature regenerator 2
5 forms an expansion cycle with the refrigerant evaporator 21. During nighttime operation, heat steam obtained from the reactor 1 via the flash tank 2 flows into the steam turbine 4 as in daytime, and the generator 4A is rotated to generate desired power. At this time, since the nighttime power consumption is considerably smaller than in the daytime, surplus heat energy is taken out as a medium-pressure gas from the bleed pipe 6 in the middle stage of the turbine 4 and guided to the generator 71 side of the absorption refrigerator 7 to be supplied to the evaporator. Evaporation heat of about 5 to 7 ° C. is generated on the 75 side. The medium pressure gas is condensed by the heat exchange in the generator 71 and returned to the flash tank 2 side. On the other hand, the induction motor 26 is driven and rotated from the generator 4A side or by using midnight power at night.
As a result, the evaporator 75 on the absorption refrigerator 7 side functions as a condenser, and the ammonia or carbon dioxide gas refrigerant that has exchanged heat with the evaporation heat of about 5 to 7 ° C. is condensed to form the receiver 24.
Will be stored. The liquefied ammonia stored in the liquid receiver 24 is evaporated / heat-exchanged in the low-temperature regenerator 25 to −55 ° C.
Cold storage is performed before and after, and then compressed again by the refrigerating compressor 27 and guided to the evaporator 75 on the absorption refrigerating machine 7 side,
Hereinafter, low-temperature cold storage is continued while repeating the refrigeration cycle. On the other hand, during daytime operation, the hot steam obtained from the reactor 1 via the flash tank 2 is
And the generator 4A is rotated to generate a desired electric power. In this case, the turbine 4
Is a 100% load, and when the low-pressure gas discharged from the turbine 4 exchanges heat with the condenser 5, it becomes hot water when, for example, seawater is used as the heat exchange medium, leading to environmental destruction. Therefore, in the daytime, the refrigerating cycle of the regenerator is switched to an expansion cycle, and a refrigerant such as ammonia cooled by low-temperature energy stored in the low-temperature regenerator 25 at a low temperature is guided to a refrigerant evaporator 21 and the refrigerant evaporator 2 is operated.
By exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium from the condenser 5, specifically, seawater or fresh water on one side, the temperature of the hydrothermal water itself is reduced, and the water is circulated between the condensers 5. By doing so, a closed cycle can be formed, and from this aspect, environmental destruction can be effectively prevented. Further, the evaporated refrigerant after the heat exchange in the refrigerant evaporator 21 rotates the refrigeration compressor 27 by expansion, and generates a generator through an induction motor 26 connected to the refrigeration compressor 27. The power generation increases by that much, and the turbine 4
Even if the power generation on the side is reduced, peak power demand can be effectively covered. As described above, according to the present invention, even in a device in which a constant amount of the hot water or hot air is discharged regardless of day and night, such as a nuclear power plant, the water is effectively condensed. Vessel 5
Thus, the heat release amount of the heat medium can be reduced or a closed cycle can be formed, whereby the energy can be stored smoothly at night and environmental destruction can be effectively prevented. Further, according to the present invention, while using an alternative refrigerant for chlorofluorocarbon in the refrigeration cycle for storing cold energy, the advantage of the alternative refrigerant is effectively utilized, and a refrigeration storage system that is several stages superior to chlorofluorocarbon is suitable for a power generation device. It is possible to provide a power generator incorporating a cycle. And so on.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a power generator incorporating a cool storage cycle according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 Nuclear reactor or other heating device 4 Steam turbine 4A Generator 5 Condenser 6 Bleed pipe 7 Absorption refrigerator 25 Low temperature regenerator 26 Induction motor 27 Refrigeration compressor 21 Refrigerant evaporator

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] Heat steam gasified in a nuclear reactor or other heating device is flowed into a turbine to drive and rotate a generator connected to the turbine. In a power generator including a condenser for condensing discharged low-pressure gas, a first refrigeration cycle constituting an absorption or adsorption refrigeration cycle using a medium-pressure gas extracted from a middle stage of the turbine as a heat source, and an induction motor And a second refrigeration / expansion cycle using ammonia or carbon dioxide gas as a refrigerant having a low-temperature regenerator and a refrigerant evaporator. Using the evaporator of the refrigerating cycle as a condenser, low-temperature cold storage is performed in the low-temperature regenerator by the compression operation of the refrigerating compressor. The refrigerant cooled by the temperature energy is led to a refrigerant evaporator, and exchanges heat with the low-pressure gas discharged from the turbine and / or the heat exchange medium from the condenser, and then the refrigerant is expanded by the evaporated refrigerant. A generator configured to rotate and rotate an induction motor connected to the refrigeration compressor as a generator.