KR100618292B1 - Triple purpose integrated power, heat and cold cogeneration system with absortion cooler from natural gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention supplies electricity generated from a cogeneration plant using gas as a fuel, and simultaneously installs a mesophilic absorption chiller with a heat storage function in a cogeneration unit to perform cooling by waste heat of a cogeneration plant, using the same fuel. As a facility, it is a combined heat and cooling system for heating, cooling, and supplying all seasons as a single facility. It is cooled in a gas-generation cogeneration air-conditioning and heating system equipped with an absorption chiller that recycles waste heat generated from the power production process. Absorption type heat storage pump consisting of electric heat pump (EHP) or gas engine heat pump (GHP) which reduces power consumption and fuel consumption due to simultaneous heating and hot water supply. Energy by additional and optional configuration in air-conditioning systems including refrigerators To contribute to the conservation and cost reduction, and there is an effect that can actively respond to environmental protection and storage and heat storage capability by reducing air pollution in the seasonal imbalance of power and heat demand.

Cogeneration, Absorption Chiller, Heat Storage Tank, Coupling Configuration, Boiler, Cooling Cycle, Heat Pump

Description

Triple purpose integrated power, heat and cold cogeneration system with absortion cooler from natural gas}

1 is a schematic integrated system configuration diagram of a cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system according to the present invention

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the heating and cooling system according to an embodiment of the cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system of the present invention

Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the operation flow of the cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a cooling and heating system of another embodiment according to the cogeneration cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system of the present invention

5 is an exemplary view of a refrigeration cycle operation using the absorption chiller of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a simplified view showing the operating principle of the heat pump system applied to the present invention

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

 1: cogeneration unit 2: boiler

 3: Medium temperature water absorption boiler 4: Heat storage tank

 5: Cooling and cooling indoor unit 6: Cooling tower

 7: Water circulation pump 8: Control valve

 9: 3-way valve 10: water temperature sensor

 11: Boiler control device 12: Piping

 20: Electric drive pump 21: Compressor

 22: Condenser 23: Evaporator

 24: expansion valve 30: gas engine heat pump

 100: power company 101: power supply equipment

 200: gas company 300: heat exchanger

 400: Acceptance

The present invention relates to a gas-generation cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system having an absorption chiller, and more particularly, a hot and cold water absorption chiller having a heat storage function to a cogeneration device while supplying electricity generated from a cogeneration plant using a gas as a fuel source. It is a combined cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system that is capable of heating and cooling all seasons in one facility using the same fuel while cooling by waste heat of the cogeneration plant. It can contribute to energy saving and cost reduction by recycling the array, and it can effectively respond to seasonal imbalances of electricity and heat demand by environmental protection, electricity storage and heat storage function by reducing air pollution.

        Conventionally, electric energy is supplied from electric power companies in apartment houses, business buildings, and small factory complexes, such as apartments, which consume a large amount of electric energy and thermal energy, but there are many cooling arrangement losses and transmission losses due to power generation, and thermal energy for heating or cooling is itself Thermal efficiency is significantly lower due to irregular and intermittent thermal energy supply using boiler or refrigerant air conditioner.

Cogeneration, which supplies heat energy and electric energy at the same time, solves the above problems and reduces the burden of large-scale power plant construction compared to general generators with high transmission loss due to power transmission from a remote location, and directly supplies electricity from energy demand sites such as electricity. It is a high-efficiency energy technology that uses a distributed power source that has low power transmission loss and can immediately respond to energy demand and recovers waste heat (array) that is inevitably generated during the generation and generation of electricity from a generator by receiving fuel. Since cogeneration system is a comprehensive energy system that produces power and heat as secondary energy from one primary energy source, energy savings such as power and fuel are reduced by 30-40% compared to the conventional power generation method. Eco-friendly and energy-saving As a result, the demand for multi-family housing such as apartments, business buildings, and small- and medium-sized industrial complexes is exploding. Among them, gas cogeneration with fuel as a fuel is eco-friendly, and the peak demand for electricity in summer is used as gas demand. By converting, seasonal demand can be managed and cogeneration using gas turbine engine has the advantage of being able to operate continuously for 24 hours.

       However, the conventional cogeneration system is a large-scale centralized system, and there is a problem in economics due to excessive cost and power and heat loss due to the transportation of power and heat.

The system configuration for small-scale cogeneration is different depending on the characteristics of the source of demand such as fuel source, electric power load, cooling load, heating load, etc. However, as shown in FIG. 1, in general, electric energy uses electric power generated by cogeneration and lacks KEPCO It receives power from a commercial system such as a line, and heat energy uses heat recovered from a cogeneration system, and a shortage is supplied from a heat storage tank. A conventional cooling system simply uses an absorption chiller or a heat pump, and a heating system is a generator. Only the heating and hot water supply function by heat recovery of gas or hot water, heat recovery of heat storage tank, etc. are performed uniformly by winter and summer. Therefore, power energy system, heat energy system, and heat energy energy system including cogeneration are according to the equipment. Optionally adopted to ensure that Since it is not possible to construct a complex system that optimally combines power generation, cooling, and heating system to be connected properly, power supply and heat energy supply cannot cope with energy load smoothly, resulting in supply imbalance or low utilization rate of waste heat. There was an uneconomical problem such as waste of energy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and supplies electricity generated from a cogeneration plant using a gas as a fuel, and equips a cogeneration device with a heat-absorbing medium temperature water absorption type refrigerator, and waste heat of the cogeneration plant. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system capable of providing heating, cooling and power supply for all seasons as a single facility using the same fuel while cooling by air.

Another object of the present invention is to recover the heat in the gas-generation cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system having an absorption chiller capable of cooling and heating (hot water) at the same time to reduce the power consumption and fuel consumption (EHP, Eelectric Heat) The regenerative heat pump, which consists of pumps or gas engine heat pumps (GHP), is additionally and selectively configured for cooling and heating systems including absorption chillers so that it can be used as an additional heat source. The purpose is to provide a combined cogeneration and heating and cooling system that can be configured and operated optimally.

Detailed description of the configuration of the present invention for achieving the above object is as follows, and detailed description of known components that may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention will be omitted, the same components in the drawings A code | symbol is attached | subjected and a new code | symbol is only demonstrated about a new component.

The present invention is a cogeneration and cooling and heating integrated system capable of generating power, heating (hot water), cooling at the same time as schematically shown in Figure 1, for example, the majority of the electrical energy is supplied to the gas company 200 gas gas It is produced through a small cogeneration generator (1) using fuel as a fuel source (80 to 90%), and the shortage is received from the power company (100) to the power receiving equipment (101) via a commercial distribution line (10 to 20%). , The heating heat and the hot water supply according to the heating are to recover the waste heat (array) generated from the cogeneration generator (1) and heat-exchanged to the heat source side heat exchanger (300), and supply the shortage to the operation of the waste heat recovery boiler (2) as an auxiliary heat source. Optimum combined heat for supplying electric energy and heat energy by using the hot and cold water absorption type refrigerator (3) to which the heat storage function supplied from the cogeneration generator (1) is added. As a combined power generation heating and cooling system, as well as supplying electricity to the consumer 400 as well as heating and cooling at the same time, or in combination with absorption type cooling system characterized by the demand of energy according to the load according to the season and demand, operation is cross-linked by device. Alternatively, it is a system configured to selectively implement cooling and heating.

That is, the present invention can convert the peak demand of the summer season to the gas demand by performing gas cogeneration with the gas as a fuel source, so that seasonal demand management can be performed. The accompanying saving hot water supply and the spring and winter seasons are characterized by a complex implementation by connecting waste heat recovery heating using a heat pump.

2 is a schematic diagram of a cooling and heating system according to an embodiment of a cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system according to the present invention, which is interlocked with a water temperature sensor 10 as a heat detection means to a cogeneration generator 1 for generating electricity by receiving city gas. A waste heat recovery boiler (2) as an auxiliary heat source having a boiler control device (11), and the rear end of the boiler is connected to a cooling tower (6) by a cooling water pipe of a cooling water circulation cycle, and heats and cools the indoor water by heating the hot water (5). Medium temperature water absorption refrigeration unit (3), heat storage tank (4), and heating / cooling indoor unit (5) are sequentially connected to open the water flow path according to the operation mode controlled by a computer (not shown). Alternatively, a control valve 8 which closes and blocks the reverse flow to distribute the water and a water circulation pump 7 which supplies and returns the water to each device by circulating water and circulates the water are discharged. A plurality of connection teller be a block that is connected to a closed-loop water circulation pipe 12 of the combine.

In addition, in the present invention, when the heating using only the waste heat of the gas engine generator is not smooth, to replace or to respond to seasonal cooling and heating demand fluctuations and to perform differential and continuous heating and cooling of the electrically driven heat pump ( 20) (EHP, Eelectric Heat Pump) or gas engine heat pump (30) (GHP, Gas engine Heat Pump) consisting of a heat-absorbing heat pump connected to the heat storage tank (4) absorption heating system including a refrigeration unit (1). Additional and optional configuration may be used as an additional heat source.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with the accompanying drawings.

In the present invention, the small cogeneration generator (1) is a device for producing electricity by using a city gas supplied from a gas supply pipe (not shown) as a fuel source and a generator for generating power by a general gas turbine engine or the like that generates axial force. As is well known as to supply electricity to the consumer 400 through a separate supply line from the commercial power supply from the power company 100 and the waste heat recovery with the high-temperature high-pressure combustion gas (waste heat or arrangement) generated in the power generation process The boiler 1 is operated or the raw water introduced is heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 300 to be continuously supplied to the heating water heated to about 70-90 ° C. through the circulation pipe 12, and a plurality of water circulation pumps 7 are provided. The water discharged at high pressure is pumped directly to the boiler 2 described later along the circulation pipe 12 or branched to the control valve 8 to supply hot water to a water supply 13 such as a bathing facility. It is directly used for the hot water supply and heating to be supplied or supplied to the medium-temperature water absorption refrigerator (3) that requires hot water above a predetermined temperature, and is heat-exchanged to be used for heating and cooling.

In addition, it is preferable to configure a cogeneration system by adding a separate gas turbine-driven emergency generator (not shown) capable of producing electricity without receiving power from the power company 100 as an alternative power generating means.

The cogeneration generator (1) is connected to a circulation pipe (12) equipped with a plurality of water circulation pumps (water pump) (7) for discharging and circulating water, and the high efficiency boiler (2) at the rear end of the cogeneration generator (1). Is connected, the pipe between the cogeneration generator (1) and the boiler (2) is equipped with a water temperature detector (10) as a heat detection means for detecting the temperature of the heat exchanged heat, it is installed at the rear end and the water temperature sensor (10) is detected If the temperature of the water flowing into the pipe is controlled by the boiler control device 11 that controls the boiler 2 with a data signal such as a temperature of about 95 ° C. or more, the boiler 2 is not driven. Water is pumped into the absorption chiller (3) and when the temperature is lower than the set temperature (eg 95 ° C), the boiler 2 is driven to raise the heating water to about 95 to 100 ° C to supply the heat source of the absorption chiller (3). .

The control valve 8 opens or closes a flow path of water as a heating medium according to an operation mode of a control device (not shown) which automatically controls the cogeneration and heating and cooling system of the present invention by a remote computer as a whole to adjust or adjust the flow rate. It is a valve device including a three-way valve for switching and the water circulation pump 7 is a circulation pump that supplies power to circulate by pumping and discharging water. 9) is provided and a check valve to block the reverse flow of the heat medium (water) can be installed separately.

The water temperature sensor 10 is connected to the pipe, and sends a signal to the boiler control device 11 to detect the water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor as a heat detection means, and the boiler control device 11 compares and reads the set temperature and the detected water temperature. If the water temperature is less than the set temperature performs a function to ignite the boiler (2).

Gas heat source The waste heat recovery boiler (2) using the heat of the high temperature such as the exhaust gas generated by the cogeneration generator (1) due to the nature of heating and cooling in the region is 90-120 ° C. as an auxiliary heat source for heating and heating the cooled water below the set temperature. It is used to continuously supply hot water to the medium temperature water absorption freezer (3) that requires high temperature and high temperature water of a certain temperature. The excess heat (waste heat, about 75 to 80 ° C), which has been described below, is recovered and recycled. .

As described above, the water supplied through the boiler 2 is selectively supplied to the medium temperature water absorption chiller 3 through the circulation pipe 12 by the pumping action of the water circulation pump 7, wherein the water is absorbed. It is supplied directly to the refrigerator 3 or directly to the heat storage tank 4 via a bypass pipe branched by the three-way valve 9.

As is well known, known absorption chillers that utilize gas-absorbent properties in liquids are usually generators for evaporating refrigerant, condensers for condensing evaporated refrigerant, evaporators for evaporating and exchanging heat, and heat exchanged refrigerant. Lithium Bromide (LiBr) which has non-toxic and non-combustible properties as an absorbent liquid, and a freezer using water (H ₂ O) as a refrigerant.When heated, the refrigerant exchanges heat with water for hot water. In the case of cooling, the refrigerant exchanges water with water to generate cold water, and the heating and cooling of even a single hot / cold water absorption type refrigerator using waste heat (array) generated by incidental heat from the cogeneration plant centered on a large mall and a new city. It can be carried out at the same time and has the advantage of easy to meet the cooling demand in summer. The introduction of a mesophilic absorption chiller that produces cooling water that does not interfere with cooling by using surplus heat generated incidentally from the cogeneration power plant is easy to maintain and requires no input of electricity. It can be said that it is efficient to meet the cooling demand and the technology related to the absorption chiller is a known technology and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

 In the following description, the heat storage tank 4 and the air-conditioning indoor unit 5 are sequentially connected along the circulation pipe 12 to the rear end of the absorption chiller 3 to perform the heat storage action, and is discharged from the absorption chiller 3. In order to recycle the waste heat of the water, the cooling tower 6 is located at the other end of the absorption chiller 3 and is connected to the cooling water circulation pipe of the closed loop through which the water is circulated. Cooling water is introduced to form a water (cooling water) distribution path for reflowing into the absorption chiller (3).

The water (cooling water) flow path configured to install the heat storage tank 4 at one end of the absorption chiller 3 and the cooling tower 6 at the other end stores the waste heat of the cooling water flowing out of the absorption chiller 3 in the heat storage tank 4. As the heat storage and recycling in the cooling tower 6 reduces the load, and when the temperature of the heat storage tank 4 is high, the water is circulated to the cooling tower 6 using a refrigeration cycle to maximize energy utilization efficiency. .

In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, one end of the absorption type refrigerator (3) is a storage tank for storing thermal energy, and is formed of an exterior material having good insulation, and stores a cold water storage tank 4a for storing cold water over a set temperature or a hot water storage tank for storing hot water. By arranging auxiliary heat storage tank (4b) divided by (4b) to use the heat stored in the heat storage tank (4) preferentially during peak heating and cooling loads, it flexibly responds to the initial heating and cooling and heating and hot water supply, and sequentially insufficient cold or heat It is possible to efficiently maintain the absorption chiller (3) below a certain scale (small), and thus it is possible to maximize the thermal efficiency of the mid-temperature water absorption chiller according to the present invention despite the small size of the absorption chiller.

And the hot water storage tank (4b) is to be able to perform an efficient hot water supply to the water supply destination (13), such as the building bath.

For example, the operation of the absorption type refrigerator (3) according to the present invention, 37 ° C discharged from the absorption chiller (3) is directly supplied to the absorption tower (3) by cooling to 32 ° C in the cooling tower (6) It will be able to use energy efficiently by having a cold heat distribution path (refrigeration cycle) to be introduced again.

In addition, the water heat exchanged through the absorption chiller (3) stores the heat in the heat storage tank (4) and at the same time delivers cold or warm heat to operate the air-cooled indoor unit (5), and the remaining waste heat (array) is returned to the absorption chiller (3). The cooling tower 6 which is transmitted to the above-mentioned cooling tower 6 inlet-cools the water flowing out of the absorption chiller 3 and re-forms the cooling heat distribution path formed by the supply of water (cooling water) which is returned to the absorption chiller 3 and the refrigeration cycle of the return water. .

The air-conditioning indoor unit 5 is connected to an outdoor unit (not shown) that heat-exchanges the refrigerant used in the cooling / heating cycle with the outside air, and performs heating and cooling at the intersection.

That is, by operating the absorption chiller (3) to the evaporator (not shown) included in the indoor air conditioner (5) to reduce the water of about 12 ℃ stored in the heat storage tank to about 7 ℃ to use for cooling, water consumption is low When the temperature exceeds the set temperature, the heat-dissipating treatment of the refrigeration cycle via the cooling tower 6 is again performed and the temperature is lowered and used for cooling, and during the hot water supply, the heat storage tank with heat generated from a condenser (not shown). The water of about 30 ° C. stored in (4) is used to be heated up to about 45 ° C., and during heating, the heating and cooling indoor unit 5 is operated in the heating cycle by changing the heating source and the cooling source in contrast to the cooling cycle.

In this way, the cooling and heating can be performed, and the heat energy of the heating medium, which has completed the cooling and heating operation, is recovered and recycled back to the cogeneration machine (1).

As another embodiment using a heat pump as shown in FIG. 6, the refrigerant 21 compresses the refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure state, and condensates the refrigerant gas of the high temperature and high pressure compressed by the compressor 21 to form a refrigerant liquid. The condenser 22 to be made into the refrigerant and the evaporator 23 which absorbs heat from the outside air and vaporizes the refrigerant liquid condensed by the condenser 22 into the refrigerant gas of low temperature and low pressure are connected to the refrigerant pipe 25, and the respective operation modes. In accordance with the present invention, an expansion valve 24 for expanding a refrigerant at a low temperature and a low pressure state is configured to implement a heating or cooling cycle using the refrigerant. Cooling operation mainly for medium temperature water absorption type air conditioner (3) that does not require power input, and heat pump using heat stored in heat storage tank (4) in winter or spring and autumn The system is operated in conjunction.

         For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a regenerative heat pump composed of an electrically driven heat pump 20 (EHP) or a gas engine heat pump 30 (GHP) is used as a medium temperature water. By constructing in parallel with the cooling and heating system including the absorption chiller (3) so that it can be used as an additional alternative heat source, it constitutes the optimal cooling and heating system configuration for the characteristics of seasonal heat load and demand, and heat medium is medium temperature in winter when the cooling is not necessary. The flow of water into the water-absorbing freezer (3) is stopped by using a plurality of control valves (8), three-way valves (9), etc. formed on the circulation pipe (12) to block the inflow and outflow of water by simple valve operation. In this case, it is also necessary to actively control the heat storage function of the heat storage tank 4 and the generated waste heat. To form the heating and cooling system that is driven in conjunction.

The cooling and cooling indoor unit (5) sharing a well-known fan cooler (not shown) and a heating coil (not shown) applied to the heat pump air-conditioning system of the present invention described above is a coolant ( Water) or cooling using a water stored in the heat storage tank (4) to the fan cooling unit (Fan cooling unit) to perform a heating with a heating coil that generates heat by circulating the heated hot water (water).

In addition, in the case of hot water supply as another heating medium circulation path, hot water supply can be independently performed through the circulation pipe 12, and also independent heating using the waste heat recovery boiler 2 by stopping or controlling the operation of the absorption type air conditioner 3. You can also perform hot water supply.

In other words, the air-conditioning system using the heat pump of the present invention is formed in the optimal system combination to compensate for the insufficient heat source in connection with the absorption chiller air-conditioning system, the gas engine heat pump (30) (GHP, Gas) to directly recycle by heat-exchanging waste heat Selective combination of the electric heat pump 20 (EHP, Eelectric Heat Pump) used as the driving source of the engine heat pump or the cogeneration generator, and by using the heat storage tank 3 such as cold water or hot water, there is a lot of cooling demand and heating In summer, when demand for hot water supply is low, the system operates preferentially the absorption chiller air-conditioning system that can respond more flexibly to the peak demand for cooling, and selectively connects the heat pump air-conditioning system. Heat pump cold / heat that can actively utilize waste heat by cogeneration generator It is desirable to use it as a room system.

          For reference, the heat pump system is a system that absorbs low-temperature heat and raises it to high-temperature heat by using a known technique. The heat pump system operates a heat pump to use high-temperature heat emitted from a condenser for heating and hot water supply. This is a system that uses cold cooling to cool down the heat from the evaporator and uses the heat from the condenser as compared to a normal freezer using only the heat from the evaporator. Therefore, the power consumption is reduced by recovering the external heat. There is an advantage that the cooling and heating (hot water supply) is possible at the same time by driving the changing heating and cooling cycle.

The combination of the cooling and heating system using the heat pump to the absorption chiller cooling and heating system of the present invention as described above can be selectively applied to the ice storage cooling system using the ice storage heat storage tank, in which case the efficiency of the cooling system is slightly (10 ~ 20%) is reduced, but the capacity of the freezer is small, the refrigerator can be operated with high efficiency, and it can easily cope with sudden load increase, and the latent heat generated when water changes to ice at 0 ° C (79.68 kcal) / kg) can reduce the storage tank capacity by 1/3.

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment as various substitutions and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. .

The present invention as described above is supplied with electricity generated from a cogeneration plant using gas as a fuel, and a co-generation unit is equipped with a medium temperature water absorption chiller having a heat storage function to perform cooling by waste heat of the cogeneration plant. It is a complex cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system that can be heated (hot water), air-conditioning, and power supply in all seasons by using the equipment.It can contribute to energy saving and cost reduction by recycling waste heat (array) generated in the power production process. It is effective to cope with the seasonal imbalance of electricity and heat demand by environmental protection and power storage and heat storage function by reduction. Especially, it is EHP (Eelectric Heat Pump) or gas engine heat pump (GHP, Gas). The heat storage type heat pump composed of engine heat pump is selectively connected and configured. By using it as a heat source, it is possible to construct and operate an optimal heating and cooling system in accordance with seasonal heat load characteristics and demand characteristics.

Claims (3)

In the combined heat and power generation heating and cooling system, which supplies electricity generated from the cogeneration generator and can be heated (hot water), air cooled, and supplied with electricity, Waste heat recovery type boiler (2) as an auxiliary heat source provided with a boiler control device (11) interlocked with a water temperature sensor (10) as a heat detection means in a cogeneration generator (1) that receives electricity from a city and produces electricity. It is connected to the cooling tower (6) by the cooling water pipe of the cooling water circulation cycle, the medium temperature water absorption freezer (3) for supplying the cooling water to the indoor unit (5) by heat-exchanging the medium temperature water, the heat storage tank (4) for storing heat, and the indoor heating and cooling unit (5) is connected in sequence to open or close the flow path of the water according to the operation mode, and to control the flow of water by controlling the flow of water by controlling the discharge valve and the flow back to each device by the discharge pressure Gas cogeneration pump having an absorption chiller characterized in that the water circulating pump (7) is connected to the closed loop water circulation pipe (12) for both the incoming and outgoing water is connected to the pipe Pre-heating and heating system The water (cooling water) flow path according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage tank (4) is provided at one end of the absorption chiller (3) and the cooling tower (6) at the other end is used for the waste heat of the cooling water flowing out of the absorption chiller (3). Gas-generation cogeneration power plant heating and cooling system having an absorption chiller, which is characterized in that the water is stored in the heat storage tank 4 and the water is circulated to the cooling tower 6 using a refrigeration cycle to improve energy use efficiency. According to claim 1, wherein the gas-generation combined heat and cooling system equipped with the absorption chiller is electrically driven heat pump 20 (EHP, Eelectric Heat Pump) or gas engine heat pump (GHP, Gas engine Heat Pump) Combined heat generation heating and cooling system using gas combined with the absorption chiller, characterized in that the heat storage heat pump made in addition to the optional cooling and cooling system including the absorption chiller (3)

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