JP3486983B2 - Head vegetable harvester - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a head cropping machine for harvesting head vegetables such as cabbage. 2. Description of the Related Art Vegetables having a substantially spherical shape such as cabbage are referred to as head vegetables. Such a head vegetable comprises a head part exposed on the ridge surface, an outer leaf part covering the head part, and a rhizome part embedded below the ridge surface. Conventionally, head vegetables are harvested by hand, and the head part exposed on the ridge surface is cut off with a blade while separating from the outer leaf part. [0003] In addition, since such manual harvesting is extremely labor intensive, various head vegetable harvesters are being developed as a means for mechanizing this. As a harvesting method using this harvester, there is a method in which an outer leaf part integrated with a rhizome part is separated and only the inside head part is cut off by a cutting device and transported, and a head vegetable is pulled out from the ridge surface together with the rhizome part and transported. There are those that remove the rhizome later. [0004] However, in the former, the outer lobe is attached to the entire circumference of the bulbous portion and requires cutting action from multiple directions. In addition, there is a possibility that the head may be damaged when the outer lobe is resected. In the latter, although it is relatively easy to remove the rhizome from the transported head vegetables, it is difficult to remove the outer leaves, and the removal of the outer leaves is substantially manual. It is just something done in. As such a head vegetable harvester, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-26
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 487, a pair of extraction blades are provided with a rear portion inclined at a high angle and are extracted from a field across a head vegetable, and a pair of extraction blades are inclined rearward and upward at the rear of the pair of extraction blades. A pair of rotatable lifting conveyors for holding the head vegetables and transporting them rearward while releasing the head vegetables at the discharge end, and provided at a lower portion of the middle of the pair of lifting conveyors. A cutter that cuts and removes the rhizome of a head vegetable; a first container that is provided below the cutter and stores the cut rhizome;
A lateral feed conveyor that is connected to the discharge ends of the pair of lifting conveyors and that conveys the head vegetables after removing unnecessary root and leaf parts to a package part; and a head feed vegetable provided facing the horizontal conveyor. And a second container for accommodating fine fragments discharged from the shredding device. . [0005] As described above, the outer leaf portion of the head tuber is attached to the entire circumference of the head portion, and requires cutting action from multiple directions. In addition, there is a possibility that the head may be damaged when the outer lobe is resected. In addition, although it is relatively easy to remove the rhizome from the harvested head vegetable with a harvesting machine, it is difficult to remove the outer leaves, and the removal of the outer leaves is substantially manual. Work is being done. In the head vegetable harvester disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-26487, the cutting of the outer leaves is performed manually by an operator, and the harvesting operation is not completely mechanized. [0006] As described above, unless means for automatically removing the rhizome and the outer leaves from the head vegetables without damaging the head parts is not implemented, the labor of the worker in the harvest operation of the head vegetables is not provided. The amount cannot be reduced. The present invention employs the following technical means in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
That is, a pulling and conveying device 3 that pulls out the head vegetables 1 to be planted in the field together with the rhizomes 2 and conveys them upward and rearward, and pulls and holds the rhizomes 2 of the head vegetables 1 from the conveyance end portion of the pulling and conveying device 3, A pair of endless transport bodies 4 which transport the head vegetables 1 backward while rotating the head vegetables 1 due to the mutual transport speed difference.
a, 4b, outer leaf guides 6a, 6b for pushing down the outer leaf portion 5 of the condensed vegetable 1 being conveyed by the posture change of the endless transport devices 4a, 4b in the transport direction, and guiding the exfoliation, and the outer leaf guide 6a And a cutting device 7 arranged at the rear end of the head vegetable 1 for cutting and separating the rhizome 2 of the head vegetable 1 from the head 1a together with the outer leaves 5. It is. The head vegetables 1 to be planted in the field are pulled out by the pulling and conveying device 3 together with the rhizome 2 and are conveyed upward and backward. Then, from the transfer end portion of the pull-out transfer device 3, the headless vegetables 1 are transferred by a pair of endless transfer members 4a and 4b.
Of the rhizome 2 of the rice cake. A pair of endless transport bodies 4 for holding the rhizome 2
a and 4b have a difference in transport speed between them, whereby the head vegetables 1 are transported backward while rotating. During transport by the endless transport bodies 4a, 4b, the outer leaf guides 6a,
6b abuts on the outer leaf portion 5 of the head vegetable 1 in a rotating state. At this time, since the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b change their posture in the transport direction of the endless transport devices 4a and 4b, the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b are conveyed backward. The outer lobe portion 5 is gradually pushed down and guided to be separated from the bulb portion 1a. still,
In addition to the action of the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b, an action of separating the outer leaf part 5 from the head part 1a may be caused by the generation of centrifugal force due to the rotation of the head vegetable 1 itself. The rhizome 2 and the outer leaves 5 are cut and separated from the head vegetables 1 conveyed as described above by the cutting device 7 arranged at the rear end of the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b. Thus, the head 1a is harvested. As described above, the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b act on the outer leaf portion 5 of the rotating head vegetable 1 so that the outer leaf portion 5 can be smoothly separated from the head portion 1a, and the subsequent rhizome 2 Further, the cutting and separation of the outer lobe portion 5 can be performed without damaging the bulbous portion 1a. As described above, means for automatically removing the rhizome 2 together with the outer leaves 5 from the head vegetables 1 is realized, and the amount of labor of the worker in harvesting the head vegetables 1 can be drastically reduced. You can do it. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The head-cropping vegetable harvesting machine is configured such that left and right traveling devices 11 and 11 are formed by turning endless track belt 10 around driving wheels 8 and rolling wheels 9 group, and a chassis 12 is provided above the traveling devices 11 and 11. On the upper side, a control section 13 is provided on one side of the front, and an endless transporting apparatus 4 which is continuous with the pull-out transporting apparatus 3 on the other side of the front.
a, 4b, and the carrying container 14 and the like. The steering section 13 includes a steering wheel 15, a work clutch lever 16, a gear shift lever, and the like.
17 and a sheet 18 are provided. 19 is the sheet 18
It is an engine provided below. The pulling and conveying device 3 is provided with a driving roller mounted on the support frame 20 on a vertical axis.
The endless transporting belt 26 is wound around the roller 24 and a plurality of floating rollers 25 to form an endless transporting device, and the endless transporting device is provided in a pair of left and right sides to constitute a clamping type transporting device. is there. Further, the pair of support frames 20, 20 are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting rods 21 in order to hold them in a parallel posture at a predetermined interval. Then, one rear end portion of the integrated support frames 20, 20 is pivotally supported on the upper front part of the chassis 12 in a vertically rotatable manner by the expansion and contraction operation of a hydraulic cylinder 22. Thus, the pulling and conveying device 3 is configured to have a steeply inclined posture falling forward from above the front of the chassis 12 and to be able to change this inclined posture. The hydraulic cylinder 22 is operated to expand and contract by operating a vertical adjustment lever 23 provided on the control unit 13. The drive rollers 24, 24 are rotated by receiving the driving force of the engine 19 when the work clutch lever 16 is engaged. Further, the pair of drive rollers 24, 24 may be configured to have the same rotational speed, or may be configured to have different rotational speeds. If different rotation speeds are used,
Due to the difference in transport speed between the pair of endless transport zones 26, 26,
The head vegetables 1 such as cabbage sandwiched between the endless transport belts 26, 26 are pulled out from the field while rotating. Due to the rotation of the head vegetables 1, the head vegetables 1 can be easily pulled out of the field. Further, a take-off transport device 27 provided with a start end thereof close to the rear end of the pull-out transport device 3 comprises a drive roller 29 and a floating roller 30 mounted on a support frame 28 in a longitudinal axis. On the other hand, the endless transport belt 31 is formed by turning a bill, and the support frames 28 are provided on a pair of right and left sides to constitute a holding-type transport device. In order to maintain the pair of support frames 28, 28 in a parallel posture at a predetermined interval and to have a gentle downwardly inclined posture, the support frames 28, 32 standing upright from the undercarriage 12 are provided.
To support each other. The driving rollers 29, 29 are rotated by receiving the driving force of the engine 19 when the work clutch lever 16 is engaged. Thereby, the handover transfer device 27 takes over the head portion 1a with the outer leaves 5 of the head vegetables 1 transferred by the pull-out transfer device 3 and transfers the head portion 1a further rearward.
Then, endless transport members 4a and 4b are provided below the transfer device 27. The endless transport bodies 4a and 4b
The endless transport band 36 is formed by turning a drive roller 34 and a floating roller 35 which are mounted on the support frame 33 on the vertical axis. This is to constitute a holding-type transfer device. Further, the pair of support frames 33, 33 are held in a parallel posture at a predetermined small interval, and the transfer frame 27 is held.
In order to form a forward-lowering gentle inclination posture of the same inclination posture as above, they are connected and supported by support frames 37, 37 standing from the chassis 12, respectively. The driving rollers 34, 34 are rotated by receiving the driving force of the engine 19 when the work clutch lever 16 is engaged. Thus, the rhizome 2 of the head vegetable 1 transported by the pull-out transport device 3 is sandwiched between the endless transporters 4a and 4b and transported rearward. Further, since the drive rollers 34, 34 are driven at different rotational speeds, the rhizome 2 sandwiched between the endless transport bodies 4a, 4b is subjected to a rotational action, thereby causing the outer roots 2 to rotate. The bulb 5a with leaf 5 is rotated. The transfer speed and the rotation speed of the head vegetables 1 by the transfer device 27 and the endless transfer members 4a and 4b are configured to be synchronized. Thus, the endless transport body 4
The rear portions of a and 4b extend further rearward than the terminal portion of the take-over transport device 27, and constitute a path for transporting the head vegetables 1 only by the endless transport members 4a and 4b. Accordingly, in this path, the rhizome 2 of the head vegetable 1 is sandwiched between the endless transport bodies 4a, 4b, while the head part 1a with the outer leaves 5 is transported backward while rotating around the periphery. Will be done. Above the rear portions of the endless transport bodies 4a, 4b, the right and left outer sides of a C-shape in plan view are supported by support members 38, 38 standing upright from the left and right support frames 33, 33. The leaf guides 6a and 6b are arranged. The left and right outer leaf guides 6a, 6b are formed in a plate shape, and are arranged in a front-spreading relative posture so as to make the left-right space large at the front end and small at the rear end. At the same time, the endless transport bodies 4a and 4b are arranged in a front-up relative position so that the vertical distance between them is large at the front end and small between the vertical ends at the rear end. Further, cutting blades 39, 39 as a cutting device 7 are integrally formed on both inner edges of the rear end portions of the outer leaf guides 6a, 6b where the left-right distance between them is small. . The cutting blades 39, 39 are connected to the endless transport bodies 4a, 4
b, it abuts the rhizome 2 with the outer lobe 5 conveyed while rotating from both lateral sides to give a cutting action to the rhizome 2. Further, a carry-out container 14 is placed at a rear lower position of the rear ends of the endless transport bodies 4a and 4b. With the above configuration, when performing a harvesting operation, the headless vegetables 1 to be planted in the field are transferred to the endless transport belts 26 and 2 of the pull-out transport device 3.
6 and pull out the entire rhizome 2 and transport it upward and backward. Then, from the transfer end of the pull-out transfer device 3, the outer leaf portion 5 of the head vegetable 1 is transferred to the transfer transfer device 27.
In addition to holding and holding the attached ball portion 1a, the endless transport body 4
The rhizome 2 of the head vegetable 1 is taken over and held by a and 4b. A pair of endless transport bodies 4a and 4b for holding the rhizome 2
Have a difference in transport speed between them, whereby the head vegetables 1 are transported backward while rotating. During transportation by the endless transport bodies 4a and 4b,
The outer leaf guides 6a and 6b abut on the outer leaf portion 5 of the rotating headed vegetable 1. At this time, the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b are in a posture approaching the endless transport bodies 4a and 4b on the rear side, that is, on the lower transport side. Therefore, as the head vegetables 1 are conveyed backward, the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b gradually push down the outer leaf portions 5 of the head vegetables 1 and guide them to be separated from the head portions 1a. In addition to the action of the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b, an action of separating the outer leaf part 5 from the head part 1a may be caused by the generation of centrifugal force due to the rotation of the head vegetable 1 itself. The rhizome 2 is cut and separated together with the outer leaves 5 from the head vegetables 1 conveyed as described above by the cutting leaves 39 arranged at the rear ends of the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b. The head portion 1a is dropped into the unloading container 14 and harvested. Also, as shown in FIG.
A discharge container 40 for storing the cut and separated rhizome 2 and outer leaf 5 may be provided. The endless transport zone 26 and the endless transport zone 3
1. If the endless transport belt 36 is formed of a material having elastic characteristics such as rubber, the sandwiched head vegetables will not be damaged. In addition, the endless transport belt 36 is provided for the rhizome 2 to be discarded.
The chain may be formed using a steel material or a hard resin material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side view of a head vegetable harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a head vegetable harvester in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a side view of a main part showing an operation in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a main part showing an operation in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part showing an operation in the embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 Head Vegetables 1a Head Head 2 Rhizome 3 Pull-out Transporter 4a Endless Transporter 4b Endless Transporter 5 Outer Leaf 6a Outer Leaf Guide 6b Outer Leaf Guide 7 Cutting Device

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] A pulling and conveying device 3 for pulling out a head vegetable 2 to be planted in a field together with a rhizome 2 and conveying the same upward and rearward.
From the transport end portion of the pull-out transport device 3
And a pair of endless transporters 4a and 4b for transporting backward while rotating the head vegetable 1 due to a difference in transport speed between them, and a change in posture of the endless transporters 4a and 4b in the transport direction. Outer leaf guides 6a and 6b for pushing down the outer leaf portion 5 of the transported head vegetable 1 to guide the peeling.
And a cutting device 7 disposed at the rear ends of the outer leaf guides 6a and 6b to cut and separate the rhizome 2 of the head vegetable 1 together with the outer leaf 5 from the head 1a. Harvester.