JP3415833B2 - Edge processing machine - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an end surface processing machine. In the case of a workpiece having a hollow cavity inside, when processing the end face in the axial direction, a processing machine such as a lathe or a grinder that attaches the workpiece to the main shaft is used. In this case, the work material is attached to the main shaft so that the hollow hollow shaft is aligned with the central axis of the main shaft of the processing machine,
The spindle is rotated to bring a cutting tool such as a bite into contact with the end face in the axial direction of the workpiece. Then, the end face in the axial direction,
It can be machined perpendicular to its axis. The present invention relates to an end surface processing machine capable of processing an axial end surface of a workpiece having such a hollow cavity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a work for processing an end surface of a cylindrical workpiece W by a conventional end surface processing machine 100. As shown in the figure, the conventional end surface processing machine 100
At the tip of 103, a workpiece gripping portion 106 for attaching the workpiece W is provided. The surface 106a on the front end side of the workpiece gripping portion 106 is formed perpendicularly to the central axis of the main shaft 103 and serves as a positioning surface for positioning the workpiece W. Therefore, when processing both axial end surfaces of the workpiece W to be surfaces perpendicular to the axial direction, first, the workpiece W is processed.
The one end surface Wb in the axial direction is the surface 10 of the workpiece gripping portion 106.
Attach it so that it makes surface contact with 6a. Then, while rotating the main shaft 103, the cutting tool C is moved to the other end surface Wa of the workpiece W.
If the cutting tool C contacts the workpiece W, the other end surface Wa of the workpiece W can be processed perpendicularly to the central axis of the main shaft 103. Then, when the processing of the other end surface Wa of the workpiece W is completed, the workpiece W is removed from the workpiece gripping portion 106, and the processed other end surface Wa of the workpiece W is the surface 10 of the workpiece gripping portion 106.
If the workpiece W is attached to the workpiece gripping portion 106 again so as to come into surface contact with the workpiece 6a, the one end surface Wb of the workpiece W can be processed into a surface parallel to the other end surface Wa. Therefore, both axial end surfaces of the workpiece W can be machined into surfaces perpendicular to the axial direction.

However, in the conventional end surface processing machine 100, when the other end surface Wa of the work material W is processed and then the one end surface Wb is processed, the work material W is once removed from the work material gripping portion 106 and turned. There is a problem in that the work of changing and then reattaching is required, which increases the number of man-hours required to process both axial end surfaces of the workpiece W, resulting in a long processing time.

Therefore, as a technique for solving the above problem, there is a technique described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-174301 (conventional example 1). 8A and 8B are schematic explanatory views of the end surface processing machine 150 of Conventional Example 1, where FIG. 8A is an explanatory view of positioning work and FIG. 8B is an explanatory view of processing work. As shown in FIG. 8, the edge processing machine 150 of Conventional Example 1 includes a pair of tool rests 151,
152, both of which are equipped with a cutting tool C for cutting the axial end surface of the workpiece. Between the pair of tool rests 151, 152, a workpiece gripping portion 156 provided at the tip of the main shaft 153 is provided. In addition to the cutting tool C, the tool rest 151 has a positioning portion 16
Two are provided. The positioning portion 162 is a substantially U-shaped member in which a cutout is formed on the side of the processed material gripping portion 156, and a surface 162a on the tip end side of the main shaft 153 serves as a positioning surface. Moreover, the positioning portion 162 is formed by the workpiece gripping portion 15
It is installed at 6 so that it can move back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the axis.

For this reason, the workpiece W is held in the workpiece gripping portion 156.
When mounting the
Advance toward 156 and place the workpiece grip 156 within the notch. Then, the surface 162a of the positioning portion 162
If the one end surface Wb of the workpiece W is pressed against the workpiece W, the workpiece W can be positioned and attached to the workpiece gripping portion 156. Then, when processing the axial end surface of the workpiece W, first, the positioning portion 162 is retracted from the workpiece gripping portion 156. Then, the cutting edge of the cutting tool C of the tool rest 151 is arranged at the position of the other end surface Wa of the work piece W, and the cutting edge of the cutting tool C of the tool rest 152 is arranged at the position of the one end surface Wb of the work piece W. To do. Then, by rotating the spindle 153 and bringing the cutting tools C of the pair of tool rests 151 and 152 into contact with the workpiece W, both axial end surfaces of the workpiece W can be simultaneously machined. Therefore, the work material W
It is possible to reduce the number of processing steps for processing both end surfaces in the axial direction of and the processing time can be shortened.

[0006]

However, in the end surface processing machine 150 of Conventional Example 1, since the positioning portion 162 is U-shaped, the entire circumference of the one end surface Wb of the workpiece W is brought into contact with the positioning surface 162a. I can't. Therefore, the workpiece W may be tilted with respect to the positioning surface 162a, and in this case, both axial end surfaces of the workpiece W may not be machined exactly perpendicularly to its central axis. There is a problem. Further, when exchanging the workpiece W, if the exchanging work is performed while the main spindle 153 is rotated, the work of stopping the main spindle 153 or rotating the main spindle 153 again after the stop is unnecessary.
It is possible to shorten the replacement time of the workpiece W. However, in the end surface processing machine 150 of Conventional Example 1, since the positioning part 162 is attached to the tool rest 151, if the workpiece W is pressed against the surface 162a of the positioning part 162 while the main shaft 153 is rotating, both of them will be removed. Large friction occurs between the contact surfaces. Then, both wear and cannot be positioned accurately, and in the worst case, both are damaged. Therefore, in the end surface processing machine 150 of Conventional Example 1, when exchanging the workpiece W, it is necessary to stop the rotation of the main shaft 153 before positioning the workpiece W, and then rotate the main shaft 153 again. There is a problem that the time for processing the work material W can be shortened, but the time for processing work as a whole cannot be shortened so much. Furthermore, when there is a burr along the axial end surface of the work material W, the part with the burr is also pressed against the surface of the positioning portion 162 for positioning,
The machining accuracy is reduced by the amount of the burr, and the work W may be tilted with respect to the positioning surface 162a due to the burr, so that the work W may not be machined exactly perpendicular to the central axis. There's a problem.

In view of such circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide an end surface processing machine which can reduce the number of man-hours for processing both ends in the axial direction of a hollow work material and can improve the processing accuracy. To do.

[0008]

An end surface processing machine according to claim 1 is a processing machine for processing an end surface of a workpiece having a hollow cavity while rotating it around a central axis of the hollow cavity. The processing machine includes a main shaft to which the work material is attached, a drive unit that rotates the main shaft about its central axis, a positioning unit that positions the work material, and a spindle for the work material. The cutting means is arranged to approach and separate from the direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the main shaft is provided so as to be able to advance and retreat along the axial direction, and the main shaft,
A cylinder that is inserted into the hollow cavity of the work material such that its central axis matches the central axis of the hollow cavity of the work material, and the positioning portion is coaxial with the central axis of the main shaft.
And the cylindrical inner surface of the positioning portion.
A space is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the spindle and the cutting means is a pair to which the pair of cutting members are attached.
Simultaneously attach the tool post and the pair of tool posts to the workpiece.
And a turret for moving the turret closer to and away from the turret
The tool post approaching / separating mechanism that moves the tools closer to and away from each other.
The turret approaching / separating mechanism and the turret advancing / retreating mechanism.
When bringing the pair of turrets close to the work material
Holds the pair of turrets close to each other,
A tool post advancing and retracting mechanism separates the pair of tool posts from the work material
When doing, with the pair of cutting members separated
One end face in the axial direction of the hollow cavity of the workpiece to be held is pressed against the positioning means to be positioned, the main shaft is moved forward, and then the cutting means is brought close to the workpiece. And According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the first aspect, the processing machine holds the main shaft rotatably, and a shaft holding portion provided so as to be movable in an axial direction of the main shaft, and the shaft. A main shaft moving mechanism that moves the holding portion in the axial direction of the main shaft, the main shaft moving mechanism screwing the screw shaft provided in parallel with the main shaft, and the screw shaft, and holding the shaft. And a numerical control motor for rotating the screw shaft. The end surface processing machine of claim 3 is the same as that of claim 1.
In the invention described above, the positioning means comprises a bearing portion that holds the main shaft slidably along the axial direction thereof, and a positioning portion having a positioning surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft, The positioning section is provided rotatably around the central axis of the main axis .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the workpiece is positioned by the positioning means, the workpiece is attached to the spindle, and then the spindle is advanced. It can be separated. In this state, if one of the pair of cutting members is brought close to the work piece, one of the pair of cutting members has one end surface in the axial direction of the hollow cavity of the work piece (hereinafter, simply referred to as the work piece). (Referred to as one end surface) and the positioning means. Therefore, if the distance between the pair of cutting members is adjusted to the axial length of the hollow cavity of the workpiece after machining (hereinafter, simply referred to as the axial length of the workpiece), the pair of cutting members The two end faces in the axial direction of the hollow cavity of the workpiece (hereinafter simply referred to as both end faces of the workpiece) are
Can be processed at the same time. Therefore, when processing both end surfaces of the material to be processed, it is not necessary to replace the material to be processed, so that the number of processing steps can be reduced and the processing time can be shortened. Also, the positioning part is formed in a cylindrical shape.
Therefore, the entire circumference of one end surface of the work piece is positioned
Position the workpiece by pressing it against the positioning surface of the
You can Moreover, the cylindrical inner surface of the positioning portion and the spindle
Since there is a space between the outer peripheral surface of the
Even if there is a part such as a burr, that part is the positioning part
Located in the space between the cylindrical inner surface and the outer peripheral surface of the spindle
Doing so will prevent the burr from hitting the positioning surface.
It is possible to position the workpiece. Therefore, the position
When decided, the workpiece tilts with respect to the axial direction of the spindle
It is possible to prevent
It is possible to machine a surface that is exactly perpendicular to the axial direction of the shaft.
Wear. Furthermore, a pair of knives is provided by the tool post approaching / separating mechanism.
With the pedestal approaching and retracting mechanism
If the tool rest is brought close to the work piece, the pair of cutting members
Thus, both end faces of the material to be processed can be processed. on the other hand,
After the processing of both end surfaces of the work material is completed, a pair of cutting parts
When separating the material from the work material, that is, a pair of tool rests
When separating the tool from the work piece, use a pair of turrets
And the distance between the pair of cutting members
It can be wider than the directional length. Therefore, a pair
End faces in the axial direction of the workpiece machined by the cutting member
A pair of turrets can be separated from the work material without damaging the
It is possible to prevent defective products from being processed.
Can be prevented. According to the invention of claim 2, when the screw shaft is rotated around its axis by the numerically controlled motor, the moving member moves along the screw shaft. Therefore, the main shaft together with the shaft holder is moved in the axial direction. It can be moved. Moreover, since the screw shaft is rotated by the numerical control motor, the rotation amount of the screw shaft can be controlled easily and accurately. That is, the amount of movement of the spindle can be controlled easily and accurately. Therefore, the workpiece can be always arranged at a constant position with respect to the pair of cutting members.
It is possible to improve the processing accuracy of the material to be processed and eliminate variations in the material to be processed. According to the invention of claim 3, since the positioning portion can rotate around the axis of the spindle together with the workpiece, the one end surface of the workpiece is pressed against the positioning surface of the positioning portion while the spindle is still rotated. Even if the workpiece is mounted on the main shaft after the positioning, the large friction between the positioning surface of the positioning portion and the one end surface of the workpiece can be suppressed. For this reason, even if the work material is replaced while the main shaft is still rotating, the work material and the positioning portion can be prevented from being damaged, and thus the work material replacement time can be shortened .

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of an end surface processing machine 1 of this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the cutting means 40 of the end surface processing machine 1 of this embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the cutting means 40 of the end surface processing machine 1 of this embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in the end surface processing machine 1 of the present embodiment, in a work material W having a hollow cavity, both end surfaces in the central axis direction of the hollow cavity (hereinafter, simply referred to as the work material W). (Both end surfaces of the main body) are processed while rotating around the central axis of the hollow cavity, and the main body 10 having the main shaft 12 is provided.
And a main shaft moving mechanism 20, a positioning means 30, and a cutting means 40.

In this end face processing machine 1, the main shaft moving mechanism 20 moves the main shaft 12 together with the main body 10 in the axial direction before processing the work W, and the cutting means 40 allows the work to be processed. It is characterized in that both end surfaces of W are machined at the same time, and that the positioning means 30 positions the workpiece W while the spindle 12 is still rotating. The workpiece W processed by the end surface processing machine 1 of the present embodiment is, for example, an inner ring or an outer ring of a bearing, but if it has a hollow cavity like a cylindrical member, its hollow It is possible to machine the end face of the various cavities in the axial direction.

First, the main body 10 will be described. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 indicates a shaft holding portion. This shaft holder 1
1 supports the main shaft 12 horizontally and rotatably. The shaft holding portion 11 is attached to a machine frame (not shown) so as to be movable in the axial direction of the main shaft 12, the reason for which will be described later.

The shaft holding portion 11 has a drive motor 13
Is attached. The drive motor 13 is arranged such that its drive shaft is parallel to the main shaft 12. A drive pulley 14a is attached to the drive shaft of the drive motor 13, and a driven pulley 14b is also attached to the main shaft 12.
Is attached. A belt 14c is wound around the drive pulley 14a and the driven pulley 14b.
For this reason, when the drive motor 13 is driven, the rotational torque of the drive shaft of the drive motor 13 is reduced by the drive pulley 14a and the belt.
14c and driven pulley 14b are transmitted in this order, so the main shaft 12
Can be rotated about its central axis. The drive motor 13, the drive pulley 14a, the driven pulley 14b, and the belt 14c are the drive means in the claims. The driving means is not limited to the above configuration, and any means can be used as long as it can rotate the main shaft 12 around its central axis.
There is no particular limitation.

4A and 4B are schematic explanatory views of the positioning means 30, where FIG. 4A is a sectional view and FIG. 4B is a schematic front view of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the spindle 1
The front end portion of 2 is held by a positioning means 30 described later so as to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction thereof. A through hole 12h coaxial with the central axis of the main shaft 12 is formed in the main shaft 12 along the axial direction thereof. At the front end portion (the right end in FIGS. 1 and 4) of the through hole 12h of the main shaft 12,
A conical taper portion 12b is formed. A plurality of notches 12c are formed on the front end of the main shaft 12 from the end face along the axial direction. That is, a so-called collet is formed at the front end of the main shaft 12. A draw bar 17 is inserted in the through hole 12h of the main shaft 12. This drawbar 17
It is slidably mounted in the through hole 12h of the main shaft 12 along its axial direction. A conical fitting portion 17a is formed at the front end portion of the draw bar 17. On the other hand, the rear end of the drawbar 17 is attached to the rod of the rotary cylinder 16 attached to the rear end of the main shaft 12 (see FIG. 1).
reference).

Therefore, when the drawbar 17 is pulled leftward in the drawing by the rotary cylinder 16, the conical fitting portion 17a of the drawbar 17 is fitted into the taper portion 12b of the main shaft 12,
The front end of the spindle 12 can be pushed outward. Therefore, if the draw bar 17 is pulled to the left with the cavity of the workpiece W inserted in the front end of the spindle 12, the outer peripheral surface of the front end of the spindle 12 is pressed against the inner surface of the cavity of the workpiece W,
The workpiece W can be fixed to the spindle 12. That is, the conical fitting part of the front end of the main shaft 12 and the draw bar 17
A collet chuck is formed by 17a, and the work piece W can be fixed to the spindle 12 by this collet chuck.

With the above-described structure, according to the main body 10, if the drive motor 13 is driven with the workpiece W attached to the front end of the main spindle 12, the workpiece W will be removed together with the main spindle 12. It can be rotated. Moreover, since the workpiece W is fixed to the spindle 12 by the collet chuck having the above-described structure, the workpiece W is fixed to the spindle 12 in a state where the central axis of the cavity is aligned with the central axis of the spindle 12. Can be installed. Therefore, the workpiece W
Can be rotated about the central axis of the cavity.

The mechanism for fixing the workpiece W to the main shaft 12 is not limited to the above-mentioned mechanism, and a cavity for the workpiece W is inserted into the front end of the main shaft 12 in a state where the central axes of the two are aligned. A chuck mechanism using compressed air or hydraulic pressure as a power source may be used as long as it can fix the main shaft 12 and the workpiece W, and there is no particular limitation.

On the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion of the main shaft 12,
The key groove is provided in the portion held by the positioning means 30.
12d is formed, the reason for which will be described later.

Next, the spindle moving mechanism 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, a moving member 23 of a spindle moving mechanism 20 is attached to the shaft holding portion 11. A female screw whose central axis is parallel to the central axis of the main shaft 12 is formed on the moving member 23. A screw shaft 22 arranged in parallel with the main shaft 12 is screwed into the female screw of the moving member 23 via a ball. That is, the moving member 23 and the screw shaft 22 constitute a ball screw mechanism. Also,
This screw shaft 22 is a pair of bearings 22a, 2a fixed to the machine frame.
Both ends in the axial direction are supported by 2a so as to be rotatable and not to move in the axial direction. Then, one end of the screw shaft 22 is attached to a drive shaft of a numerical control motor 21 such as a servo motor.

Since the main shaft moving mechanism 20 has the above-described structure, if the numerical control motor 21 is driven,
Since the screw shaft 22 rotates, the main body 10 can be moved along with the moving member 23 along the axial direction of the screw shaft 22, that is, the axial direction of the main shaft 12. Moreover, the amount of rotation of the screw shaft 22, that is, the amount of movement of the main shaft 12 in the axial direction can be easily and accurately controlled by inputting a desired numerical value to the numerical control motor 21. The screw shaft 22 and the moving member 23 may be a general screw mechanism, but by adopting a ball screw mechanism, it is possible to more accurately control the moving amount of the main body 10, that is, the moving amount of the main shaft 12. You can

The main shaft moving mechanism 20 is not limited to the above-described structure, and is not particularly limited as long as the main body 10 can be moved along the axial direction of the main shaft 12.

Next, the positioning means 30 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the front side of the main body 10 (see FIG.
On the right side), the base 31 of the positioning means 30 is provided. A through hole 31h coaxial with the central axis of the main shaft 12 of the main body 10 is formed in the base 31, and a cylindrical bearing portion 32 is rotatable around the central axis in the through hole 31h. It is attached so that it does not move in the axial direction. The bearing 32 is arranged so that its central axis coincides with the central axis of the through hole 31h, that is, the central axis of the main shaft 12.

Further, as shown in FIG.
A positioning portion 33 is formed at the front end portion (right end in FIG. 4) of the. The front end surface of the positioning portion 33 has a main shaft 12
The positioning surface 33a is formed so as to be exactly perpendicular to the axial direction of. Further, a key groove 32h is formed on the inner surface of the bearing portion 32 along the axial direction thereof.

The main shaft 12 is slidably inserted in the bearing portion 32 in its axial direction. Between the key groove 32h of the bearing portion 32 and the key groove 12d of the main shaft 12, the key 3
5 is attached. Since the key 35 is fixed to the main shaft 12 with a bolt or the like, the bearing portion 32 is
The rotation relative to the main shaft 12 is fixed.

Therefore, with the main shaft 12 still rotating,
When the workpiece W is rotatably held around the central axis of the cavity and one end surface of the workpiece W is pressed against the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 to perform positioning, the workpiece W is positioned.
With 3, the positioning can be performed while rotating around the central axis. When the positioned workpiece W is attached to the spindle 12 by the collet chuck, the workpiece W can be fixed to the spindle 12. At this time, since the bearing portion 32 rotates integrally with the main shaft 12, the workpiece W also rotates at the same rotation speed as the main shaft 12. Therefore, even if the workpiece W is fixed to the main shaft 12, friction may occur between the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 and the one end surface of the workpiece W due to the difference in rotational speed between the two. Can be prevented.

Therefore, according to the positioning means 30,
Even if the work material W is replaced while the main shaft 12 is still rotating,
Since it is possible to prevent the workpiece W and the positioning portion 33 from being damaged, it is possible to shorten the replacement time of the workpiece W.

Further, since the positioning portion 33 is formed in a cylindrical shape, the entire circumference of one end surface of the workpiece W can be pressed against the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 for positioning. Moreover, the positioning portion 33 has an inner diameter of the spindle 1
It is larger than the diameter of 2. That is, a space is formed between the inner surface of the positioning portion 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 12. Therefore, even if there is a portion such as a burr on one end surface of the workpiece W, the positioning portion is positioned so as to be located in the space between the cylindrical inner surface of the positioning portion 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 12. If 33 is formed, the burr is positioned on the positioning surface 33
The workpiece W can be positioned so as not to hit a. Therefore, when the workpiece W is positioned, it is possible to prevent the workpiece W from tilting with respect to the axial direction of the main shaft 12 due to the burr hitting the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33. The W can be accurately positioned with respect to the axial direction of the main shaft 12.

Next, the cutting means 40 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, on the side of the positioning means 30,
Cutting means 40 is provided. This cutting means 40
It basically comprises a tool post moving mechanism 50, a tool post approaching / separating mechanism 45, and a space adjusting mechanism 60.

First, the tool post moving mechanism 50 will be described. 2 and 3, reference numeral 51 indicates a base. On the upper surface of the base 51, the main shaft 1 of the main body 10
A rail 52 that is orthogonal to the axial direction of 2 is provided. A moving base 46 of a tool rest approaching / separating mechanism 45, which will be described later, is attached to the rail 52 so as to be movable along the rail 52, that is, to be able to approach and separate from the spindle 12. A hydraulic cylinder 53 is provided on the base 51 on the side opposite to the main shaft 12 with the moving base 46 of the tool rest approaching / separating mechanism 45 interposed therebetween. This hydraulic cylinder 5
3 is arranged so that its axial direction is parallel to the rail 52, and the tip of its piston rod is attached to the moving base 46 of the tool post approaching / separating mechanism 45.

Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder 53 is expanded and contracted, the moving base 46 of the tool rest approaching / separating mechanism 45 moves along the rail 52, so that the moving base 46 of the tool rest approaching / separating mechanism 45 is moved to the main shaft of the main body 10. Spindle 1 toward 12
The two can be approached and separated perpendicularly to the axial direction.

Next, the tool post approaching / separating mechanism 45 will be described. 5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the cutting means 40, FIG. 5B is an explanatory view of a state in which a pair of tool rests 41, 41 of the cutting means 40 are brought close to each other, and FIG. Means 40
It is explanatory drawing of the state which separated the pair of tool rests 41 and 41. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, a sliding groove 46h is formed on the upper surface of the moving base 46. The sliding groove 46h is formed so that its axial direction is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 12. A hydraulic cylinder 49 is provided on the opposite side of the main shaft 12 with the sliding groove 46h interposed therebetween. This hydraulic cylinder 49 has an axial direction of the main shaft 1
It is arranged so that it is perpendicular to the axial direction of 2.
The cylinder body is fixed to the moving base 46. A moving member 48 is attached to the tip of the hydraulic cylinder 49, and a pair of engaging projections 48a is provided on the lower surface of the moving member 48 (FIG. 5 (A)). The pair of engaging protrusions 48a, 48a are arranged side by side in parallel to the axial direction of the sliding groove 46h, that is, in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 12.

A pair of rails 47, 47 are attached to the lower surfaces of the pair of tool rests 41, 41, respectively. The pair of rails 47, 47 are arranged so that the axial direction thereof is parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 12, and are movable in the sliding groove 46h of the moving base 46 along the axial direction. It is installed. This pair of turrets 4
1, 41 are arranged so as to sandwich the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder 49. Each tool post 41 has a cutting member 4 on its upper surface.
A blade fixing member 42 for attaching 3 is provided. Guide grooves 41h are formed on the upper surfaces of the pair of tool rests 41, 41, respectively. This pair of guide grooves 41h,
41h is formed so as to be line-symmetric with respect to the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinder 49, and the distance between one end portions (left side in FIGS. 2 and 5) of the hydraulic cylinder 49 is the other end portion (FIGS. 2 and 5). It is formed so as to be wider than the space on the right side. In the pair of guide grooves 41h, 41h, the lower ends of the pair of engaging projections 48a, 48a of the moving member 48 are inserted into the guide grooves 41h.
It is mounted so as to be slidable along the axial direction.

Therefore, when the moving member 48 is moved by the hydraulic cylinder 49, the pair of engaging protrusions 48a, 48a
Tries to move along the guide groove 41h of the pair of tool rests 41, 41. However, the pair of engaging protrusions 48a, 48a is
Since it is fixed to the moving member 48, it cannot move in the axial direction of the main shaft 12, that is, in the direction along the sliding groove 46h.
On the other hand, the pair of turrets 41, 41 also includes the pair of rails 47, 4
7 is attached to the moving base 46 via the sliding groove 46h, it cannot move in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft 12, that is, in the moving direction of the moving member 48. Therefore, the moving member 48 is moved to the main shaft 12 by the hydraulic cylinder 49.
When it is moved back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the pair of tool rests 41, 41, the distance between the pair of guide grooves 41h, 41h becomes the same as the distance between the pair of engaging protrusions 48a, 48a. Then, it moves along the axial direction of the sliding groove 46h. Since the pair of guide grooves 41h and 41h are formed such that the distance between their one ends is larger than the distance between their other ends, the pair of engaging projections 48a and 48a have a pair of guide grooves 41h and 41h.
When located at the other end of 41h, a pair of turrets 41, 41
Are separated from each other, and conversely, when the pair of engaging projections 48a, 48a are located at one end of the pair of guide grooves 41h, 41h, the pair of turrets 4
1, 41 approach.

Therefore, according to the tool post approaching / separating mechanism 45, the moving member 48 is moved by the hydraulic cylinder 49.
By advancing and retracting in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of 2, the pair of tool rests 41, 41 can be moved closer to and separated from each other.

The pair of tool rests 4 on the moving base 46
The attachment mechanism of 1, 41 may be any mechanism as long as it can move the pair of tool rests 41, 41 only in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 12, and is not limited to the above configuration. For example, a rail is provided on the upper surface of the moving base 46 in parallel with the axial direction of the spindle 12, and a pair of tool rests 41, 41 is provided.
May be movable along this rail. Furthermore, the mechanism for approaching and separating the pair of tool rests 41, 41 is not limited to the configuration as described above, and the pair of tool rests 41, 4
There is no particular limitation as long as it is a mechanism that can move 1 only in the direction parallel to the axial direction of the main shaft 12.

Next, the space adjusting mechanism 60 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, of the pair of tool rests 41, 41, a gap adjusting mechanism parallel to the axial direction of the spindle 12 is provided on the upper surface of one of the tool rests 41 (downward in FIGS. 2 and 5). 60
The adjustment rail 61 is provided. The adjusting rail 61 is attached to the blade fixing member 42 via a ball.
Is movably attached along the axial direction of the adjusting rail 61. That is, the blade fixing member 42 is movably attached to the adjusting rail 61 via the linear guide mechanism along the axial direction of the adjusting rail 61. The blade fixing member 42 has a through hole (not shown) penetrating vertically in the blade fixing member 42. This through hole is
It is a long hole that is long along the axial direction of the adjusting rail 61. A fixing bolt 63 is inserted through the through hole, and the lower end of the fixing bolt 63 is screwed into a screw hole (not shown) provided in the tool rest 41. A lever 64 for rotating the fixing bolt 63 is provided on the upper end of the fixing bolt 63. A micrometer 65 is provided on the side of the blade fixing member 42 (downward in FIG. 2A). The axis of the micrometer 65 is provided in parallel with the axial direction of the adjusting rail 61, and the tip thereof is fixed to the blade fixing member 42.

For this reason, the fixing bolt 63 is loosened by the lever 64, and the tool fixing member 42 for the tool rest 41 is loosened.
When the fixing of No. 2 is released, the tool fixing member 42 can be moved with respect to the tool rest 41, that is, can be moved along the adjustment rail 61. In this state, by retracting the shaft of the micrometer 65, the blade fixing member 42 can be moved along the adjusting rail 61 by the amount of movement of the shaft. Then, when the fixing bolt 63 is tightened by the lever 64, the blade fixing member 4 is fixed by the fixing bolt 63.
2 can be fixed to the tool rest 41

With the above-described structure, the interval adjusting mechanism 60 allows the interval between the pair of blade fixing members 42, 42, that is, the pair of cutting members 43, 43, by retracting the main shaft of the micrometer 65. The spacing between can be adjusted. Moreover, the adjusting rail 61 is provided with the micrometer 6
Since the shaft of No. 5 is arranged in parallel with the adjusting rail 61, a pair of cutting members 43, 4 in the axial direction of the main shaft 12 are provided.
It is possible to accurately adjust the distance between the three members with an accuracy of the order of microns, and it is possible to increase the processing accuracy of the workpiece W. Then, by the lever 64, the fixing bolt 63
By tightening, the tool fixing member 42 can be fixed to the tool rest 41 by the fixing bolt 63, so that the cutting member 43 can be prevented from rattling during the cutting of the workpiece W.

Next, the operation and effect of the end surface processing machine 1 of this embodiment will be described. Before the processing operation is started, the gap between the pair of cutting members 43, 43 is adjusted by the gap adjusting mechanism 60 in a state where the pair of turrets 41, 41 are brought close to each other by the hydraulic cylinder 49 of the turret approaching / separating mechanism 45. Processed material W
Adjust to match the axial length of. When the adjustment is completed, the pair of turrets 4 is moved by the hydraulic cylinder 49.
1, 41 are separated.

When the processing operation of the workpiece W is started, first, the main shaft 12 is rotated by the drive motor 13. Then, the workpiece W is rotatably supported around the central axis of the cavity by an unillustrated workpiece automatic feeder, and the cavity of the workpiece W is formed at the front end of the spindle 12 while the spindle 12 is rotated. insert. Then, when one end surface of the work material W is pressed against the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 by the work material automatic supply device, the one end surface of the work material W is accurately perpendicular to the central axis of the spindle 12. Be positioned at. At this time, since the workpiece W is rotatably supported by the workpiece automatic supply device around the center axis of the cavity, the workpiece W rotates around the center axis of the cavity together with the positioning portion 33.

When the workpiece W is positioned, the draw bar 17 is pulled, and the workpiece W is attached to the spindle 12 by the collet chuck. At this time, since the workpiece W and the positioning portion 33 are rotating at the same speed, and the positioning portion 33 is rotating at the same rotation speed as the spindle 12, when the workpiece W is fixed to the spindle 12. It is possible to prevent friction between the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 and the one end surface of the workpiece W from occurring due to a difference in rotational speed between the two.

When the workpiece W is fixed to the spindle 12, the spindle moving mechanism 20 causes the central axis C of the workpiece W to be positioned until the center of the workpiece W is positioned between the pair of cutting members 43, 43 of the cutting means 40. 10 is moved forward (to the right in FIG. 1).
Then, the one end surface of the workpiece W separates from the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 of the positioning means 30 (see FIG. 2).

Next, when the movement of the main body 10 is stopped, the hydraulic cylinder 53 of the tool post advancing / retreating mechanism 50 is extended, and at the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 49 of the tool post approaching / separating mechanism 45 is extended, so that the pair of cutting members 43, 43 are mutually connected. The workpiece W is approached in the approaching state. At this time, since one end surface of the workpiece W is separated from the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33, one cutting member 43 of the pair of cutting members 43, 43 is positioned with the one end surface of the workpiece W. It can be arranged between the positioning surface 33a of the portion 33. Therefore, not only the other end surface of the workpiece W but also the one end surface of the cutting member 43 can be brought into contact with each other, so that both end surfaces of the workpiece W can be simultaneously processed.

When the processing of the workpiece W is completed,
The hydraulic cylinder 53 of the tool post moving mechanism 50 contracts, and the pair of cutting members 43, 43 is separated from the workpiece W. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 49 is contracted, and the pair of cutting members 4
Since the space between 3, 43 is wider than the width of the workpiece W,
When separated from the workpiece W, the pair of cutting members 43,
It is possible to prevent 43 from coming into contact with the processed surface.

When the processing is completed, the drawbar 1
7 is extruded, the workpiece W is removed from the spindle 12, and is conveyed to the next step by an automatic workpiece conveying device (not shown). Then, after the main body 10 is retracted by the spindle moving mechanism 20, a new workpiece W is supplied by the workpiece automatic supply device.

By repeating the above-mentioned operation, the end surface processing machine 1 does not stop the rotation of the main shaft 12 thereof,
Both end faces in the axial direction of the hollow cavity of the workpiece W can be continuously processed.

Therefore, according to the end surface processing machine 1 of this embodiment, the spindle 1 to which the positioned workpiece W is attached.
By moving 2 forward, the one end surface of the workpiece W can be separated from the positioning means 30. Therefore, the pair of cutting members 43, 43 removes both end surfaces of the hollow cavity of the workpiece W in the axial direction. , Can be processed at the same time. Therefore, when processing both end surfaces of the workpiece W, the workpiece W
Since it is not necessary to replace the parts, it is possible to reduce the number of processing steps and the processing time.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 6, when the workpiece W is the inner ring or outer ring of the bearing, the accuracy of the parallelism of both axial end faces with respect to the track center C and the distance from the track center C is required. In the end surface processing machine 1 of the present embodiment, the accuracy can be kept high by positioning by positioning the taper portion TR of the workpiece W on the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 formed in a cylindrical shape. Because the tapered portion TR is a surface formed integrally with the raceway portion CA when the material for the inner and outer races of the bearing is sandwiched between the forming roll and the mandrel and is formed, This is because the parallelism and the distance from the track center C are processed accurately.

Moreover, since the positioning portion 33 is formed in a cylindrical shape, even when processing the inner ring of the bearing,
The burr BR formed between the surface formed by the forming roll and the surface formed by the mandrel is positioned in the space between the cylindrical inner surface of the positioning portion 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 12 so that the burr BR is positioned. By forming the above, the workpiece W can be positioned so that the burr BR does not hit the positioning surface 33a (FIG. 6 (B)). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the workpiece W from inclining with respect to the axial direction of the spindle 12 due to the burr BR hitting the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33, and also from the positioning surface 33a of the positioning portion 33 to the track center. Since the workpiece W can be positioned with the distance to C always kept constant, the processing precision of the workpiece W can be processed very accurately and always with a constant precision.

[0050]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, both end surfaces in the axial direction of the hollow cavity of the workpiece can be simultaneously machined by the pair of cutting members, so that the hollow cavity of the workpiece can be machined. When machining both end faces in the axial direction of
Since it is not necessary to replace the material to be processed, the number of processing steps can be reduced and the processing time can be shortened.
In addition, when positioned, the work piece will move in the axial direction of the spindle.
Since it can be prevented from tilting against the
Machining the end face into a face that is exactly perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle.
You can Furthermore, a pair of cutting members apply
Both end surfaces of the work material can be processed and a pair of blades
A pair of cutting members when separating the work table from the work material
Damages both axial ends of the work piece processed by
Can be reliably prevented. According to the invention of claim 2, the work material can be always arranged at a constant position with respect to the pair of cutting members. Therefore, the work accuracy of the work material is improved, and the variation for each work material is improved. It can be lost. According to the invention of claim 3, even if the workpiece is replaced while the main shaft is still rotating, the friction generated between the positioning surface of the positioning portion and the one end surface of the workpiece can be suppressed. It is possible to shorten the replacement time of the work material,
Moreover, it is possible to prevent the work material and the positioning portion from being damaged .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an end surface processing machine 1 of the present embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a cutting means 40 of the end surface processing machine 1 of this embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a cutting means 40 of the end surface processing machine 1 of the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view of a positioning means 30,
(A) is a sectional view and (B) is a schematic front view of (A).

5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the cutting means 40, FIG. 5B is an explanatory view of a state where a pair of tool rests 41, 41 of the cutting means 40 are brought close to each other, and FIG. Cutting means 40
It is explanatory drawing of the state which separated the pair of tool rests 41 and 41.

FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view of a state where an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing are positioned in the end surface processing machine 1 of the present embodiment, (A) is a schematic explanatory view of a state where an outer ring is positioned, and (B) is an inner ring. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the positioned state.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a work for processing an end surface of a cylindrical workpiece by the conventional end surface processing machine 100.

8A and 8B are schematic explanatory views of an end surface processing machine 150 of Conventional Example 1, where FIG. 8A is an explanatory view of positioning work and FIG. 8B is an explanatory view of processing work.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Edge processing machine 11 Shaft holding part 12 spindles 20 Spindle moving mechanism 22 screw shaft 23 Moving member 30 Positioning means 32 Bearing 33 Positioning unit 33a Positioning surface 40 cutting means 41 Turret 43 Cutting member 45 Turret stand approaching / separating mechanism 50 Tool post advance / retreat mechanism 60 interval adjustment mechanism W Workpiece material

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A processing machine for processing an end surface of a work material having a hollow cavity while rotating the end surface of the work material around a central axis of the hollow cavity, the work machine attaching the work material. Main shaft, drive means for rotating the main shaft around its central axis, positioning means for positioning the workpiece, and cutting for approaching and separating the workpiece from a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle. Means, the main shaft is provided so as to be movable back and forth along the axial direction thereof, and the main shaft has the central axis aligned with the central axis of the hollow cavity of the workpiece. It is inserted in the hollow cavity of the processed material, the positioning portion, and the central axis of the main shaft
It is formed in a coaxial cylindrical shape, and the cylinder of the positioning part
A space is formed between the inner surface of the ring and the outer peripheral surface of the spindle.
And the cutting means is attached to the pair of cutting members.
The pair of turrets and the pair of turrets
A tool post advancing / retreating mechanism that simultaneously moves closer to and away from the material,
Turret approaching / separating machine that moves the pair of turrets closer to each other
The tool post approaching / separating mechanism is composed of
An advancing / retreating mechanism brings the pair of tool rests closer to the work material.
Hold the pair of turrets close to each other
Then, the tool post advancing / retreating mechanism connects the pair of tool posts to the workpiece.
To separate the pair of cutting members from each other.
The one end face in the axial direction of the hollow cavity of the work material held in the closed state is pressed against the positioning means to be positioned, and after the main shaft is advanced, the cutting means is brought close to the work material. An end face processing machine characterized by that. 2. The processing machine holds the main shaft rotatably, and a shaft holding portion movably provided in the axial direction of the main shaft, and the shaft holding portion moves in the axial direction of the main shaft. A main shaft moving mechanism, the main shaft moving mechanism is provided with a screw shaft provided in parallel with the main shaft, a moving member screwed to the screw shaft and attached to the shaft holding portion, and the screw shaft. The end surface processing machine according to claim 1, comprising a numerical control motor for rotating the machine. 3. The positioning means comprises a bearing portion for slidably holding the main shaft along the axial direction thereof, and a positioning portion having a positioning surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft. The end surface processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the positioning portion is rotatably provided around a central axis of the main shaft .