JP3410389B2 - Clean room - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a medical facility such as a hospital.
In a clean environment at a pharmaceutical or drug research facility
The clean room used when performing, more specifically,
By installing a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber for different purposes,
Temperature and humidity control of air in both rooms by one air circulation system
Clean room that can perform knots and cleaning efficiently
About. [0002] In medical facilities and pharmaceutical research facilities,
Class 10 so that dispensing work can be performed in a clean environment
Clean roux that can achieve cleanliness of about 0-10000
System is provided. Chestnuts used in normal dispensing operations
In the indoor room, bacteria and dust from the outside may enter the room.
Air pressure in the room is maintained at a positive
It often happens. [0003] Maintaining the air pressure in the clean room at positive pressure
The only way to do this is to simply clean the air in the room
Air is always introduced into the air circulation system
In general, a method is adopted to perform the above operation. Outside to circulating air
When air is added, clean air is removed from the air circulation system.
The amount of air supplied into the system increases,
More than the amount of air returned to the air circulation system
As a result, the indoor air pressure can be maintained at a positive pressure.
It is becoming so. In some facilities, the above positive pressure
In addition to the clean room, the air pressure in the room is maintained at a negative pressure.
Is provided with a clean room configured to
Sometimes. As a standard configuration example of a negative pressure clean room
As shown in FIG.
Circulates indoor air while introducing outside air from the
Adjust temperature and humidity by 4 and clean
Negative pressure clean room cleaned by unit 111
Air circulation system 113 for supplying clean air into 103
By operating the exhaust fan 202, the exhaust port 2
01 and outside air through the exhaust duct 203
An exhaust system 204 capable of forcibly discharging air.
Intake into the air circulation system 113 from the intake 116
Rather than the outside air volume
So that more air is forced out
To keep the indoor air pressure at a negative pressure.
Which is known. [0005] In a negative pressure clean room,
This prevents air from leaking out of the room through the gap.
Leaks out of the room, adversely affecting the surrounding environment.
Suitable for handling dangerous chemicals that may
are doing. However, as described above, indoor air is exhaust
The system is designed to be discharged outside the room,
Negative pressure clean used to handle dangerous chemicals
Rooms usually have HEPA filters, etc. in the exhaust system
Potentially contaminated rooms with air purifying means
It is configured to discharge inside air after cleaning it.
I have. When dispensing dangerous drugs, the surrounding environment
As well as ensuring the safety of workers who perform dispensing work
Must be installed in the negative pressure clean room.
A safety cabinet 110 as shown in FIG.
Often. Here, the safety cabinet 110 shown in FIG.
The structure and operation will be briefly described. This safety cabinet
The net 110 has a bad influence on the worker and the surrounding environment.
Safely remove potential drugs, poisons, or bacteria
It is a device for handling and performs compounding work of medicine inside
Working room 122 is formed. Below the bottom plate 127 and on the back surface of the back plate 128
Is provided with an air circulation path 131,
Operates the internal fan 121 provided at the end of the road 131
Then, the air in the working chamber 122 is provided on the bottom plate 127.
Through the small holes 129 and through the air circulation path 131
Reached the internal fan 121 and before the outlet of the internal fan 121
Is fed into the upper chamber 132 provided at the side. Upper room
The air sent into 132 is supplied to lower filter 126.
After cleaning (dust and bacteria removal)
It is supplied to the chamber 122. [0009] However, the upper fan 132
All of the air sent into the lower filter 126
Rather than circulating through the top filter
After being cleaned by the
After being discharged to the outside of all cabinets 110
I have. As described above, when the internal fan 121 operates,
, The internal air circulates and is repeatedly cleaned
As a result, the desired cleanliness is
In addition to being retained, some of the internal air
To the internal pressure.
The air pressure in the working chamber 122 is negative pressure with respect to the outside of the device.
Become. Therefore, the air is exhausted from the exhaust port 124 to the outside of the apparatus.
The same amount of air as the discharged air moves the shutter 123 upward.
Front opening 1 formed by sliding
33 will always flow into the working chamber 122,
Internal vacancies that may have been contaminated by performing work
Air flows out of the front opening 133 into the clean room.
Can be prevented, and the safety of workers can be reduced.
It has been secured. The exhaust port 12 of the safety cabinet 110
4 communicates with the outside through the wall hole 120 of the clean room
The exhaust port 134 is connected to the
From the safety cabinet 110
Is connected to the exhaust fan 130 provided in the exhaust duct 134.
Therefore, it is sucked and cleans through the exhaust duct 134
It will be discharged outside the room. This exhaust duct
The air discharged to the outside through the
To the upper filter 125 of the safety cabinet 110
Therefore, the safety cabinet 1 has already been cleaned.
Drugs and bacteria handled in 10 are powerful drugs and pathogens
Even if it does, it will not adversely affect the surrounding environment,
Safety has been ensured. [0013] Recently, for cancer treatment, etc.
Drug therapy has become widely adopted, and highly toxic
? Drugs that require careful handling, such as
Demand is growing rapidly. Therefore, the negative pressure
The demand for clean rooms is also increasing,
In addition to the positive pressure clean room where the agent work is performed, the negative pressure clean
If you decide to build a separate room,
There are also financial problems. For example, in a clean room, a sterilizing cleaning device is provided.
There is a front room equipped with an installation and an air shower device
Often, workers enter the clean room before entering
Pre-clean your body with these devices
Bacteria and dust are brought into the room by workers themselves
So that it can be avoided as much as possible.
The positive pressure clean room and the negative pressure clean room
Is constructed separately, the worker can
Work that needs to go back and forth between rooms
In such a case, it is difficult to perform the work smoothly.
Problem. Further, there are the following problems economically. An example
For example, a positive pressure clean room or a negative pressure clean room
Even in rooms, purify indoor air while introducing outside air.
Have a common point in the need for an air circulation system
A single air circulation system in both clean rooms.
Has, i.e. one air circulation system, both clean
If the supply of clean air to the room can be provided,
The construction cost can be saved, but the positive pressure
Between the clean room and the negative pressure clean room.
However, because the air pressure in the room is different,
The ring system is configured to be shared by both clean rooms
It is difficult to do. Specifically, such a system is realized.
To supply to each clean room
Need to distribute the volume of clean air
Also, when sucking indoor air and returning it to the air circulation system,
The appropriate empty space to be collected from each clean room.
It is necessary to calculate the amount of energy and make appropriate adjustments.
Because of the complexity of the system to control these
Inevitably, equipment cost and maintenance etc.
The cost of this increases. In a negative pressure clean room, as shown in FIG.
Where the safety cabinet 110 is installed
Air circulation system shared with positive pressure clean room
It is even more difficult to make it possible. Figure
As shown in FIG. 4, inside the negative pressure clean room 103
If the safety cabinet 110 is installed in
From the outside air intake 116 into the air circulation system 113
The amount of outside air that can be put in activates the safety cabinet 110
Taking into account the amount of air exhausted
This is because it is configured to be determined. This point will be described in more detail.
As described above, in the negative pressure clean room 103,
Forcibly exhausted outside by the exhaust system 204
The amount of air is supplied from the outside air intake 116 to the air circulation system 1.
13 so that it is larger than the amount of outside air
The difference keeps the indoor air pressure at negative pressure.
It is safe in the negative pressure clean room 103
When the cabinet 110 is operated, a certain amount of indoor air
Was forcibly exhausted outside through the exhaust duct 134.
Of the indoor air during operation of the safety cabinet 110
Will increase compared to when it is not in operation. Therefore, the air circulation system
The amount of outside air taken into the stem 113
Regardless of whether vignette 110 is running
When constant, the air pressure in the room is
Will fluctuate according to the operating status of the server. Indoor
Fluctuations in air pressure are a prerequisite for drug dispensing.
Avoid this situation because it is not desirable
For this purpose, a negative pressure clean room 103 as shown in FIG.
Is safe when the safety cabinet 110 is in operation.
Empty space discharged outside with the operation of cabinet 110
In consideration of the amount of air, the air circulation system
To increase the amount of outside air taken into the system 113
The room is always kept at a constant air pressure
It has a configuration. The safety cabinet is installed in this way,
It is necessary to adjust the amount of outside air to be introduced from the outside air intake.
Negative pressure clean rooms that need
The air circulation system can be shared with the positive pressure clean room
Such a configuration is very difficult as described above. Therefore, under the present circumstances, a negative pressure
Dispensing dangerous drugs that need to be performed in
Installation in a positive pressure clean room
Although some facilities use safety cabinets,
Pre-treatment before taking the drug into the safety cabinet
If an accident occurs during or during normal handling
In some cases, contaminated air easily leaks out of the room,
It could lead to an irreversible situation. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and
Positive pressure clean room and negative pressure
System without having to build separate
To form one clean room with air circulation equipment
The room is divided into a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber.
Clean air can be supplied efficiently and clean
A series of dispensing operations that should be performed in the environment can be performed smoothly
To provide a clean room that can be used
And Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems,
Therefore, in the clean room according to the present invention, the indoor air pressure is positive.
Air maintained at pressure and having air conditioning means and air cleaning means
Circulation system reduces room temperature, humidity and cleanliness
Adjacent to the maintained positive pressure chamber, the air pressure in the room is maintained at negative pressure.
And a negative pressure chamber to be held.
The air in the positive pressure chamber is provided between the negative pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber.
Change the opening area
Air passages and a safety cap installed in the negative pressure chamber.
With the vignette and one end introduced into the negative pressure chamber
The air inside the negative pressure chamber is forced out of the clean room.
Exhaust duct with a fan to exhaust air to the
And the exhaust port of the safety cabinet and the exhaust duct
Are connected through a thimble flange having an opening
It is characterized by having. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
An embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 shows a clean room according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the clean room 1 shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of an air circulation system used in the first embodiment. First, the clean room in the present embodiment
1. In FIG. 1, 2 indicates the indoor air.
A positive pressure chamber configured to maintain a positive pressure,
Next to the positive pressure chamber 2, the air pressure in the room is maintained at a negative pressure.
A negative pressure chamber 3 configured as described above is provided. Positive pressure chamber
2 is an air circulation system having air conditioning means and air cleaning means.
The temperature and humidity in the room are controlled by the system 13 (see FIG. 2).
It is adjusted and the room is maintained at the desired cleanliness.
It has become. A partition separating the positive pressure chamber 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3
A door 5 is provided on the wall 4 so that workers can freely move between the two rooms.
Should be able to move easily and easily across both rooms
A series of operations can be performed smoothly
You. Further, the air in the positive pressure chamber 2 is supplied to the negative pressure chamber 3 on the partition wall 4.
An air flow path 6 that allows the air to flow down is provided,
The air in the positive pressure chamber 2 always flows into the negative pressure chamber 3 from here.
Thus, the negative pressure chamber 3 has the same (or
Room temperature, humidity, and cleanliness.
Is to be carried. In FIG. 1, numeral 7 indicates that the worker is clean.
Preparing to enter room 1 (positive pressure chamber 2 and negative pressure chamber 3)
This is the front room where the equipment is prepared. The front room 7 has an air shower
Equipment 8 and aseptic hand washing device 9
The worker who is going to enter the room 1
After changing clothes, the air shower device 8 and the aseptic hand washing device 9
Can be used to remove dust and sterilize before entering the room.
This causes dust in the clean room 1
Prevent dust and germs from being brought in by workers themselves
Has become. Next, the air used in the clean room 1
The circulation system 13 will be described. Shown in FIG.
As described above, the air circulation system 13 includes the circulation air inlet 1.
2 (12a to 12c), outside air intake 16, air conditioning means
Air conditioner 14, clean unit as air purifying means
And the duct 15 (15a to 15e).
Has been established. In this embodiment, the communication shown in FIG.
The air conditioner 14 and the clean unit 11 are mutually independent
To be included in the air circulation system 13
Are configured, but they are not necessarily physically separated.
It does not need to be configured as an independent device,
Unit that has both the function of
One device (for example, an air conditioner with a built-in high-performance filter,
Or as a clean unit with air conditioning function)
It may be included in the air circulation system 13
No. The air circulation system according to the above configuration
13 for purifying the air in the positive pressure chamber 2.
Will be described. First, the circulation installed in the corner of the positive pressure chamber 2
The air in the positive pressure chamber 2 is sucked through the air inlet 12 (see FIG. 1).
The drawn air (return air) is
The air is sent to the air conditioner 14 via 5a to 15c. Air conditioner 1
4 is for taking in the return air,
Introduce more required outside air and heat or cool them
To adjust the temperature and, if necessary, the humidity.
You. Air with conditioned temperature and humidity (conditioned air)
Clean unit 1 from the air conditioner 14 via
Sent to 1. Clean unit 11 has built-in high performance
Filter air (HEPA filter)
Purified (dust removal and sterilization) and cleaned in positive pressure chamber 2
Air (clean air) can be supplied. In this embodiment, the clean unit
Numeral 11 is installed in the center of the ceiling of the positive pressure chamber 2 (see FIG. 1).
)), So that the outlet for clean air opens downward.
Is configured. Therefore, clean air is
From the lean unit 11 to the center of the floor surface or there
It will be blown out toward the placed workbench.
And the floor or the surface of the workbench placed there
The clean air that has reached the point is circulated in the corner of the positive pressure chamber 2.
Radial suction by the ring air inlet 12
Forming an air flow 18 and finally from the circulating air inlet 12
Again sucked into the air circulation system 13 and the positive pressure chamber 2
Will be circulated. This is the air circulation system 13
The room air is constantly circulated to regulate and clean the temperature and humidity.
By performing the purification repeatedly,
Desired temperature, humidity, and cleanliness can be achieved. Next, it is provided adjacent to the positive pressure chamber 2.
The negative pressure chamber 3 will be described. As shown in FIG.
In the negative pressure chamber 3, a safety cabinet 10 is installed.
You. This safety cabinet 10 is shown in FIG.
The basic structure is the same as the safety cabinet 110 shown.
The details are omitted here, but FIG. 3 (FIG. 1)
(A sectional view taken along the line AA of the safety cabinet 10 shown)
As shown, the exhaust port 24 and the exhaust duct 34
Conventionally, it is connected via thimble flange 35
Is different from the safety cabinet 110 of FIG. The thimble flange 35 has an opening 36.
Is formed, and the air in the negative pressure chamber 3 is released through the opening 3.
6 and the exhaust duct 34 of the safety cabinet 10
It can be discharged outside through a room. Therefore,
The exhaust system can be simplified. That is, a conventional shade with a safety cabinet
In a pressure clean room, as shown in FIG.
Of the exhaust system 204 for maintaining the internal air pressure at a negative pressure.
In addition, the air discharged from the safety cabinet 110
An exhaust duct 134 is provided for discharging the air outside the room.
And two exhaust systems coexisted.
The thimble having the opening 36 as described above
Exhaust port 2 of safety cabinet 10 through flange 35
4 and the exhaust duct 34 are connected.
Not only the air discharged from the safety cabinet 10
In addition, the air in the negative pressure chamber 3
From the container 34, and
Without providing the exhaust system 204 as shown in FIG.
Even so, the indoor air pressure can be maintained at a negative pressure. Also, conventional shades with safety cabinets
Operation of safety cabinet in pressure clean room
Inside, consider the amount of air exhausted from the safety cabinet
To increase the amount of outside air to be introduced from the outside air intake
However, in the present embodiment, the safety
Increase the outside air intake when the cabinet is running
No configuration required, safety cabinet in operation
Regardless of whether or not, always keep the air pressure in the room constant
You can do it. This point will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
I will tell. First, by operating the exhaust fan 30
Assuming that the amount of air forced out of the room is R,
When the cabinet 10 is not in operation,
The amount of room air sucked from the opening 36 of the
The same amount as R. On the other hand, when the safety cabinet 10 is operating
, The air discharged from the safety cabinet 10
If the amount is S, the opening 36 of the thimble flange 35
The amount of indoor air sucked from the room becomes “RS” and is not operating
Although it is less than time, the safety cabinet 10
During operation, the same amount of indoor air as S is supplied to the safety cabinet.
Is sucked into the work chamber 22 from the front opening 33 of the
Therefore, through the exhaust duct 34 from the room,
The amount of indoor air that is discharged into the room is "RS-S (= R)"
As a result, the total amount of indoor air discharged outside is low.
Always constant regardless of the operation status of all cabinets 10
Therefore, the air pressure in the room must always be kept constant.
become. As described above, in the present embodiment, FIG.
To maintain room air pressure at negative pressure, as shown
Exhaust system 204 and safety cabinets in operation
A configuration that increases the amount of outside air introduced is unnecessary. Subordinate
As a result, the exhaust system is simplified, equipment costs and maintenance
You can save money. In this embodiment, the exhaust fan 3
0 is provided at the end of the outdoor exhaust duct 34
However, the installation location is not limited to this.
If the inside air can be discharged to the outside, for example, indoors
Or you may comprise so that it may be installed in a wall inside etc. Further, any position of the exhaust duct 34,
Alternatively, near the upstream side or downstream side of the exhaust fan 30,
Exhaust air consisting of high-performance filters such as EPA filters
It is preferable that a cleaning means is provided. Conventional safety
In cabinet exhaust systems, safety cabinets
Only the clean, clean air
Cleaning means such as filters are not required.
However, in the present embodiment, the air in the negative pressure chamber 3 is exhausted.
Suction through the opening 36 of the
Is configured to be discharged to the outside through
Therefore, while handling dangerous drugs in the negative pressure chamber 3
If the indoor air is contaminated due to an accident, etc.
Because there is a possibility that qi is discharged to the outside as it is
It is. The clean room 1 of the present embodiment is
It is constituted by the positive pressure chamber 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3 as described.
The outside air intake of the air circulation system 13
The amount of outside air introduced through the port 16 and the safety cabinet
Of air discharged outside from the exhaust duct 34 of
By adjusting each as follows.
2 is maintained at a positive pressure, and the air pressure of the negative pressure chamber 3 is maintained at a negative pressure.
Can be First, the positive pressure chamber 2 is arranged at the corner as described above.
Room air is sucked from the circulated air suction port 12
And it is provided between the negative pressure chamber 3
Room air flows down from the air passage 6 of the partition wall 4 to the negative pressure chamber 3.
Air circulation from the circulating air suction port 12
Let B be the amount of return air returned to system 13 and
Assuming that the amount of air flowing down from the passage 6 to the negative pressure chamber 3 is C,
The total amount of air discharged from the pressure chamber 2 is “B + C”.
On the other hand, let D be the amount of outside air introduced from outside air intake 16.
Then, it is supplied from the clean unit 11 into the positive pressure chamber 2.
The total amount of clean air is “B + D”. Discharged from the room
If more air is supplied to the room than the amount of air
Since the indoor air pressure can be maintained at a positive pressure, "B +
D> B + C (= “D> C”) ”, that is, the air flow
More outside air than the air flowing down from the passage 6 to the negative pressure chamber 3
If the air is introduced from the intake port 16, the positive pressure chamber 2
The air pressure can be maintained at a positive pressure, and bacteria and dust outside the room can be maintained.
And the like can be suitably prevented from entering the positive pressure chamber 2.
it can. On the other hand, as described above, the negative pressure chamber 3 is
Regardless of whether vignette 10 is running or not,
A fixed amount (R) of air is discharged outside the room
Becomes “R> C”, that is, from the air flow path 6 to the negative pressure chamber
3 More air is discharged outside the room than is supplied into the room.
So that the air pressure in the negative pressure chamber 3 is maintained at a negative pressure.
Room air can leak to the outside through gaps in the room.
It is possible to avoid such a situation that the user puts out. In this embodiment, the air flow path 6
Can change its opening area
Therefore, the amount of air flowing down from the positive pressure chamber 2 to the negative pressure chamber 3
Can be adjusted so that the air pressure in both chambers can be freely adjusted
It can be adjusted. Further, in the present embodiment, the positive pressure chamber 2
Of the four corners, three are located at the circulating air inlets 12.
(12a to 12c) are arranged and the remaining one corner is empty.
Since the air flow path 6 is provided, a central portion of the ceiling of the positive pressure chamber 2 is provided.
From the clean unit 11 toward the center of the floor
The discharged clean air is supplied to the circulating air inlet 12 and the air passage.
6 will be aspirated and go to the four corners of the room
As a result, radial air flows 18 and 19 are formed. In a turbulent clean room, the room
Air stagnation may occur in the corners of
Often lead to deterioration of the cleaning efficiency.
However, in the present embodiment, as described above,
Radial air flow 18 is formed from the part toward the four corners
Air flow in the positive pressure chamber 2
Forming a laminar air flow without causing air flow
Can be. Also, from the circulating air suction ports 12a to 12c
Ducts 15a to 15c for conveying return air to the air conditioner 14
(See Fig. 2)
6 and adjust their opening area and their pressure dampers
To adjust the flow rate of air in each
In the positive pressure chamber 2, a well-balanced
An ideal airflow can be formed. As described above, according to the present invention,
The lean room has a negative pressure chamber adjacent to the positive pressure chamber,
The room air is configured to flow down into the negative pressure chamber.
The safety cabinet and the exhaust duct installed in the pressure chamber are
Connection through the
Supply of clean air to both rooms with different characteristics
It can be efficiently covered only by the ring system
Layout can be realized. As a result, both the members having the desired cleanliness are maintained.
A series of dispensing operations that should be performed across rooms
Not only air circulation system but also air
Shared equipment such as shower equipment is shared between both rooms.
Can also simplify the exhaust system
Therefore, the cost required for equipment construction and maintenance, and
The excellent effect of saving energy required for rolling
That is what you can expect. Further, the opening area of the air passage is changed.
Controls the flow rate of air flowing from the positive pressure chamber to the negative pressure chamber.
Can adjust the air pressure in both rooms
Safety and the use of thimble flanges
Negative pressure chamber, whether or not the cabinet is in operation
Effect that the air pressure of the air can always be kept constant
Can also be expected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view of a clean room 1 according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a system diagram of an air circulation system 13 used in the clean room 1 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the safety cabinet 10 shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line AA. FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional negative pressure clean room 103. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a conventional safety cabinet 110. [Description of Signs] 1: Clean room, 2: Positive pressure chamber, 3: Negative pressure chamber, 4: Partition wall, 5: Door, 6: Air flow path, 7: Front room, 8: Air shower device, 9: Aseptic Hand washing device, 10, 110: safety cabinet, 11, 111: clean unit, 12, 112: circulating air inlet, 13, 113: air circulation system, 14, 114: air conditioner, 15, 115: duct, 16, 116 : Outside air intake 18, 19: radial airflow 20, 120: wall hole 21, 121: internal fan 22, 122: working room 23, 123: shutter, 24, 124: exhaust port, 25, 125 : Upper filter, 26, 126: Lower filter, 27, 127: Bottom plate, 28, 128: Back plate, 29, 129: Small hole, 30, 130: Exhaust fan, 31, 131: Air circulation Road, 32, 132: upper chamber, 33, 133: front opening, 34, 134: exhaust duct, 35: thimble flange, 36: opening, 103: negative pressure clean room, 201: exhaust port, 202: exhaust fan, 203: exhaust duct, 204: exhaust system

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F24F ^7/ 04-7/06

Claims (1)

(57) [Claim 1] A room where the air pressure in a room is maintained at a positive pressure, and the temperature, humidity, and cleanliness of the room are maintained by an air circulation system having an air conditioning unit and an air cleaning unit. A clean room provided with a negative pressure chamber adjacent to the pressure chamber where the air pressure in the room is maintained at a negative pressure, wherein the clean room is provided between the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber, and the air in the positive pressure chamber is provided. An air flow passage that allows the air to flow down into the negative pressure chamber and whose opening area can be changed; a safety cabinet installed in the negative pressure chamber; one end of which is introduced into the negative pressure chamber and An exhaust duct having an exhaust fan for forcibly discharging air in the pressurized chamber to the outside of the clean room, and an exhaust port of the safety cabinet and the exhaust duct,
A clean room characterized by being connected via a thimble flange having an opening.