JP3387598B2 - Fertilizer / fertilizer, fertilizer / fertilizer pellets or mats and methods for producing them - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a fertilizer / fertilizer, a fertilizer /
Pellets or mats for fertilizing and methods for producing them, more specifically, a fertilizer / fertilizer containing dry defibrated paper into a cotton shape, fertilizer / fertilizer pellets or mats, and those The present invention relates to a manufacturing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, recycled paper has been actively used for the purpose of reusing used paper, but in the agricultural field, its use for compost has been attempted. Specific examples include the following, but each has the problems described together. Papermaking sludge obtained by chemically treating wood chips, pulp, paper, etc .: A schematic representation of this process is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, since the papermaking sludge contains aluminum sulfate used in the chemical treatment, the soil to which the sludge is applied becomes acidic, and it becomes necessary to modify the soil. Shredded waste paper with a shredder, etc .: In this case, a large amount of ink remains on the shredded paper and remains on the shredded paper, which adversely affects the growth of plants and is incorporated into plants. There is. Furthermore, when such pieces of shredded paper are piled up, the ventilation part exists only in the small gaps formed between the pieces of paper, and the paper itself does not have air permeability. Has poor air permeability, and the surface area of the shredded paper piece is smaller than that of paper before shredding (for example,
The surface area is almost the same as that of newspapers, magazines, etc., and there is also the problem of poor hygroscopicity. Cotton-like recycled pulp obtained by defibrating used paper with a dry defibration device: In this case, a large amount of dust is generated not only during the manufacturing process but also during handling, which adversely affects the human body.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of growing agricultural products, in recent years, there has been a tendency that excessive fertilizers (phosphorus, lime, etc.) are applied to fields. Fertilizers given to the fields include (A) those that are retained in the soil voids for a long time, (B) those that are eluted into groundwater by rainwater, and (C) compounds that are insoluble in water due to the chemical reaction between fertilizer components. It is divided into those that form and remain in the soil. Of these, the fertilizer first retained in the soil (A) can be effectively utilized as a nutrient necessary for the growth of agricultural crops, but the fertilizer excessively retained enhances the reproduction of bacteria and, conversely, the agricultural crops. There is a risk of causing harmful effects such as corroding the roots of. In the fertilizer (B) eluted, a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus are dissolved in the groundwater and flow out into the closed sea area, which promotes eutrophication of seawater and abnormal growth of phytoplankton and red tide. Social problems such as occurrences will occur frequently.
It is generally said that when the phosphorus concentration is between 0.3 μg / L and 10 mg / L, the cell division rate of bacteria increases. Further, the residue of the insoluble substance (C) not only deteriorates the quality of the soil, but also makes it difficult to absorb the nutrient components in the fertilizer, which adversely affects the growth of agricultural products.

It is preferable that the components and amounts of fertilizers are distinguished according to the kind of farm products to be cultivated. For example, it is better to have less nitrogen and phosphorus for the cultivation of fruit vegetables such as watermelon, squash and cucumber. In order to grow root vegetable plants such as potato, it is preferable that nitrogen is present only near the seed potatoes. In the case of rice, if a large amount of highly nutritious rice is to be harvested, it is necessary to change the nutrients supplied to the soil according to the growth process (for example, phosphorus for about 2 weeks after germination). It is preferentially absorbed to improve root tension and to absorb nutrients in the soil more easily, and then nitrogen is added to promote organ formation of leaf stems). However, this requires fertilizer to be fed in several times, which is troublesome. Therefore, it is the current situation that all fertilizers are collectively applied at the initial stage of sowing or planting, and most of them are not effectively used and either dissolve in rainwater or surplus fertilizer accumulates in the soil. It remains as it was. Generally, the composition of the commercial fertilizer for rice is mixed in a ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 5: 5: 5. When this fertilizer is given to rice, nitrogen, which is easy to absorb, is preferentially absorbed first, so development that prioritizes nitrogen is preceded, root growth is insufficient, large yields cannot be expected, and nutritional value is low. There are problems such as getting only rice.

Therefore, livestock manure fertilizers, straw, fallen leaves, etc. are actually used as fertilizers for the purpose of absorbing chemical fertilizers (phosphorus, lime, etc.) that are excessively supplied to the fields. However, in the case of manure and manure, a large amount of nitrogen is also contained in the manure itself, and therefore even if this manure is used as a fertilizer, there is a risk that the excess nitrogen will be promoted. Further, when using straw or fallen leaves, nitrogen and phosphorus can be efficiently absorbed, but since the fiber content is low, soil hardening progresses and it is necessary to constantly cultivate the soil.
In addition, since straw and fallen leaves also contain a large amount of nitrogen, bacteria can thrive, and if used too much, the roots of plants can be corroded.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In consideration of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional compost and absorbent material, the present invention absorbs (absorbs) excess fertilizer applied to soil for the purpose of soil modification. And (2) good quality fertilizer / fertilizer, fertilizer / fertilizer pellets or mat that also functions as a fertilizer that can release the fertilizer and supply it to the soil when necessary. And to provide a manufacturing method thereof.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The fertilizer-absorbing and fertilizing material of the present invention is characterized in that it contains paper defibrated by dry defibration of paper. In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned fertilizer / fertilizer material further contains water and / or fertilizer. The fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets or mat of the present invention is characterized in that the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing material of the present invention is solidified into pellets or mats. The method for producing a fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellet or mat of the present invention is characterized by solidifying the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing material of the present invention into pellets or mats.

[0008]

The function of the fertilizer-absorbing and fertilizing material of the present invention is characterized in that it contains a material obtained by dry defibrating paper into a cotton shape (hereinafter, also abbreviated as paper cotton). Since the paper used in the present invention has a cotton-like shape in this way, it has a long fiber length and a large surface area, and thus the deposited paper is excellent in water absorption and air permeability. Moreover, since the ink particles are dispersed when the paper is defibrated by the dry defibration device (a state in which the ink particles are dispersed is shown in FIG. 5), the residual ink in the paper cotton is reduced, which may adversely affect the agricultural products. Less is. In addition, paper cotton originally has a very high water retention capacity, heat retention capacity, and fertilizer absorption capacity, and it can efficiently absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilization) and retain it simply by mixing and spraying it in the soil. You can Therefore, the fertilizer / fertilizer material of the present invention containing the above-mentioned paper cotton is a very good quality fertilizer / fertilizer material rich in fibers.

As a method for dry defibrating the paper, for example, a dry defibrating device described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-265895 is used. Further, the paper used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, newspapers, telephone directories, magazines, OA waste paper, etc. are used. The carbon rate of paper cotton when using newspaper as a raw material is about 400, and the carbon rate when using a telephone directory is about 700, which is higher than that of the conventional straw and fallen leaves (about 30-40). Since it has a fairly high carbon content, there is no risk of corroding the roots of crops. Here, the above-mentioned carbon rate represents the weight ratio of carbon to nitrogen contained in a certain substance (content of carbon / content of nitrogen).

The cotton-like paper thus obtained is used alone as a useful fertilizer / fertilizer as it is sprayed on the soil or mixed in the soil. However,
Since the specific gravity of paper cotton is usually as light as about 16 kg / m ³ , when it is sprinkled on soil, it may be scattered by wind or the like. For the purpose of preventing this scattering, water is preferably added to the above cotton-like paper. By adding water to paper cotton to adjust the water content to about 20%, there is no fear of being scattered by wind or the like. Alternatively, a fertilizer may be added to the paper cotton for the purpose of further enhancing the fertilizing effect. As a result, even in a soil or nursery where the nutrients are scarcely contained, the required amount of nutrients can be supplied to the agricultural products when needed by the fertilizing power of the paper cotton. Needless to say, it is more preferable to add both water and fertilizer to the above-mentioned paper cotton in order to make the paper cotton heavier and improve the fertilizing ability.

The fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets or mat of the present invention is obtained by molding the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing material of the present invention into pellets or mats and solidifying them. By solidifying in this way, there is no fear of being scattered by the wind even without adding water, and it becomes possible to mechanize the operation, and it is possible to reduce labor such as transportation and spraying.

The method for producing the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention is not particularly limited, but an example thereof is a pellet production facility shown in FIG. Hereinafter, each manufacturing process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

A piece of paper that has been cut into strips with a shredder is quantitatively supplied to the defibration machine 2 by the vibration feeder 1 and defibrated into cotton. In this process, the paper was shredded in advance with a shredder before being fed to the defibrating machine in this manner.However, it is not limited to the shredder, and may be shredded by hand, or may be directly shredded without shredding. You may throw in the fiber machine 2. The above-mentioned one is used as the defibrating machine used. The paper defibrated and discharged from the defibrating machine 2 in a cotton shape passes through the duct 3 along the flow of air.

The cotton-defibrated paper and the air are separated by a separator 4 (for example, having a double structure having a metal cylinder and a bag with good air permeability), and the air is separated. The paper cotton is discharged to the outside of the apparatus through the blower 5, falls on one end of the conveyor 6 that operates at a constant speed, and is conveyed to the pellet manufacturing apparatus 7.

At the entrance of the pellet manufacturing apparatus 7, a harmless paste (for example, starch paste) having a tackiness necessary for solidification is provided.
A spraying nozzle 8 for applying the above to the paper cotton is installed. The paper cotton put into the pellet manufacturing apparatus 7 receives an axial force due to the rotation of the screw while mixing with the glue,
It gradually moves forward and reaches the discharge hole at the outlet of the compressor. The discharge hole is provided with a hole that matches the cross-sectional shape of the pellet to be produced, and the paper cotton is pressed and compressed and then extruded from the hole. By carrying out such a step, the paper cotton can be mechanically pressed and compressed to be softened and solidified.

The water content of the paper cotton is adjusted by adjusting the amount of water injected from the water supply port installed at the outlet of the pressure compressor. The extruded kneaded product is cut into an appropriate length by a cutter 9. Fertilized and fertilized pellets solidified into pellets can be obtained. Examples of the shape of the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention thus obtained include those shown in FIG. 6, for example. By pelletizing in this manner, there is no fear of scattering due to wind and the like, and handling is easy.

Further, in the case of producing the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention containing the above-mentioned paper cotton and fertilizer, the following steps are added after the above steps (a schematic diagram including the production steps is shown). (See Figure 2). The fertilizer is stored in the hopper 10 in which the weight ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is preferably premixed at a ratio of about 1: 5: 3 to 2: 5: 4. This fertilizer is conveyed to the pellet manufacturing apparatus 7 used in the following steps in the same manner as paper cotton on the conveyor 11 that operates at a constant speed. Next, the steps from to are performed in the same manner as the above-described pellet manufacturing method, whereby the fertilized and fertilized pellets of the present invention containing paper cotton and fertilizer can be obtained.

Since the fertilizer-absorbing and fertilizing pellets thus obtained contain fertilizer, the fertilizing ability is further enhanced. As a result, it is possible to supply an appropriate amount of fertilizer to agricultural crops. It is possible to change the supply timing of nutrients according to the growth process (for example, in the case of rice as described above, phosphorus is preferentially absorbed for about 2 weeks after germination,
After that, the supply of nutrients can be controlled by giving nitrogen).

Next, a method for producing the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing mat of the present invention will be described. The manufacturing method is not particularly limited, but as an example, a mat manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is used. Hereinafter, each manufacturing process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

Paper cotton produced in the same manner as the above-described pellet manufacturing process is placed on the vinyl sheet 13. The cotton wool is conveyed by the operation of the conveyor 12, and then water and starch paste are supplied. A vinyl sheet 13 is further placed on the mixture of paper cotton, water and glue. In this way, the paper-cotton mixture is sandwiched with vinyl sheets and then molded into a sheet with the pressure roll 14.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the shape of the fertilizing / fertilizing mat of the present invention thus obtained. The fertilizer / fertilizer retention mat of the present invention has very good handling properties, is easy to mechanize operations, and does not scatter even when mixed with soil. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and
All changes and modifications within the scope of the gist of the invention described below are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0022]

【Example】

(1) The following Examples 1 to 5 were performed using the paper cotton produced as described above. Example 1 Approximately 100 kg of paper cotton was sprinkled in the ground by hand on the watermelon field of 10a. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the original field was measured in advance, then nitrogen and phosphorus in the field after feeding the above cotton were measured, and the ratio thereof was calculated. By using it, about 20% of nitrogen and phosphorus that were conventionally contained in the field were absorbed. As described above, the fertilizer / fertilizer of the present invention is excellent in the fertilizing effect, and thus it is expected to suppress the growth of red tide organisms (mainly flagella).

Example 2 About 100 kg of paper cotton was sprayed on the field of 10a by hand, and then sweet potato seed potatoes were planted. At that time, several lines were made along the ridges with a width of about 20 cm centering on the part where the seed potatoes were planted, a path was made with soil containing nitrogen carbide or nitrogen, and the seed potatoes were planted thereon (see FIG. 8).

The sweet potatoes thus harvested had the same number of potatoes as the sweet potatoes harvested in the soil containing no paper cotton, but the volume of each potato was about 30% larger. It was The reason for this is that the use of the fertilizer / fertilizer / feeder of the present invention makes the growth of sweet potatoes good because the nitrogen component is concentrated near the seed potatoes, but the fertilizer / fertilizer / feeder of the present invention is not used. In this case, since the fertilizer is evenly distributed over the whole area, the growth of sweet potato is poor and the volume of the obtained potato may be small (see FIG. 9).

Example 3 A plastic planter (width 28 cm; height 32 c)
m; length 58 cm), and put mountain soil to a height of about 2/3. Next, about 50 g of soluble phosphorus fertilizer and about 10 g of nitrogen carbide
After the addition, the paper cotton was handed to the top of the planter.
Tomato seeds were sowed on this planter, and about 500 ml of water was given with a watering can (an explanatory view showing this step is shown in FIG. 10).

The tomatoes thus harvested had a high nutritional value, and the harvest rate was about 20% higher than that when no cotton was added. This is because cotton works effectively as a fertilizer.
It is considered that this was because cultivation with phosphorus priority was able to be carried out.

Example 4 An example of growing watermelon is as follows (see FIG. 11). Amount of supplied paper cotton: 150 kg / anti-moisture content: 60% Supplies other than paper cotton and water content: per piece, soluble phosphorus fertilizer (4
0 kg) Calcium carbide (200 kg) Harvest rate: 30% improvement Example 5 An example of potato growth is as follows (see FIG. 12). Amount of supplied paper cotton: 400 kg / anti-moisture content: 60% Supplies other than paper cotton and water content: per one unit, ammonium sulfate (10 k
g) Calcium superphosphate (10 kg) Potassium sulfate (10 kg) Harvest rate: 70% improvement (2) Fertilizer / fertilizer pellets containing paper cotton were prepared as described above. The following Examples 6 and 7 were carried out using this pellet. Example 6 The above pellets were set on a spraying machine, and 100 kg of pellets per field 10a were sprayed on the ground surface of the field to grow an eggplant (see FIG. 13). The eggplant thus harvested had a yield rate of about 20 to 30% higher than the conventional one.
It is considered that this is due to the water retention and heat retention properties of the pellets. Example 7 The above pellets were used in a golf course. That is, by spraying the pellets around the golf course (see FIG. 14), the nutrients given to the lawn could be prevented from flowing out.

(3) A fertilizing / fertilizing pellet containing paper cotton and fertilizer was prepared as described above. The following Example 8 was performed using this pellet. Example 8 The above pellets were used for nursery beds. That is, about 5 seedling boxes
About 200 g of the above pellets were evenly sown on top of kg of mountain soil (see FIG. 15). Next, Koshihikari seeds were evenly sprayed on the seedling boxes with a sowing machine. After the spraying was completed, about 300 ml of tap water was given using a watering can. When this seedling box was placed in a well-ventilated place, it germinated in about 5 days and then grew to the seedling cost in about 7 days. This growing period is about 3 to 5 days shorter than that when a conventional nursery is used. Furthermore, when used, the rice is easy to handle because it is dust-free, and the harvested rice has a high protein content. It is considered that this is because the heat retention, water retention, and fertilizing power of the used paper cotton effectively acted to allow phosphorus-first growth.

[0029]

The fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing material and the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellet or mat of the present invention have the above-mentioned constitutions, and therefore the following effects can be obtained. (1) Since the cotton-like material obtained by dry defibration of paper is used, it contains a large amount of fiber, has a high carbon content, and is excellent in water retention ability, heat retention ability, fertilizing ability, and fertilizing ability. (2) Recycled paper and the like can be used, which leads to reuse of resources and enables production of good quality fertilizer / fertilizer materials at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a pellet manufacturing facility for manufacturing fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another example of pellet manufacturing equipment for manufacturing the fertilized and fertilized pellets of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of an apparatus for producing a fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing mat of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing a process for producing a conventional papermaking sludge compost.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing how ink particles are dispersed in defibrated paper after being shredded with a shredder.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a shape example of a fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellet of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of a fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing mat of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which the fertilizer-absorbing and fertilizing material of the present invention is applied to the ridges of the field in Example 2.

FIG. 9 is a table showing a comparison of the growth status of sweet potatoes in Example 2 with and without the use of the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing material of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a process drawing showing a cultivation process of Example 3.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a field showing a growing method of Example 4.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a field showing a growing method of Example 5.

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a state in which the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention are laid in a field in Example 6.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a state where the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention are laid on a golf course in Example 7.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a state in which the fertilizer-absorbing / fertilizing pellets of the present invention are used in a seedling box in Example 8.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Vibration feeder 2 Used paper defibrator 3 ducts 4 separator 5 blowers 6 conveyors (for cotton) 7 Pellet manufacturing equipment 8 nozzles (for spraying) 9 cutter 10 hopper 11 Conveyor (for fertilizer) 12 conveyor 13 vinyl sheet 14 Pressure roll

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuo Terada 2-3-1, Niihama, Arai-cho, Takasago-shi, Hyogo Kobe Steel Works Takasago Works (56) Reference JP-A-53-38528 (JP, A) JP-A-55-61728 (JP, A) JP-A-57-155921 (JP, A) Special table Sho-56-500001 (JP, A) Susumu Mitsui, Latest Soil / Fertilizer / Plant Nutrition Dictionary, Hirotomo Co., Ltd. , June 15, 1992, page 173 (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C05G 5/00 A01C 21/00 C09K 17/50

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fertilizer / fertilizer material comprising a dry, defibrated paper to be cotton-like. 2. The fertilizer / fertilizer material according to claim 1, further comprising water and / or fertilizer. 3. A fertilizer / fertilizer pellet or mat, which is obtained by solidifying the fertilizer / fertilizer material according to claim 1 or 2 into pellets or mats. 4. A method for producing fertilizer / fertilizer pellets or mats, which comprises solidifying the fertilizer / fertilizer material according to claim 1 or 2 into pellets or mats.