JP3372919B2 - Seed mat and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses a scraping claw of a rice transplanter, a part of which is scraped into a block shape, and the scraped mat block is pushed into soil or the like in a field and directly sown. , A seed mat and its manufacture suitable for direct sowing of seeds of various types, sizes and shapes such as feed rice, sorghum, etc.
Regarding the manufacturing method .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in paddy rice cultivation, seed rice is sown in a nursery box filled with bed soil, covered with soil and irrigated to raise seedlings, which are then planted in a field using a rice transplanter. The procedure of planting rice is being used. The work from sowing to rice planting still relies on manual work even today, which is mechanized, and particularly in a large paddy field, much labor was required for seedling management such as irrigation and seedling transportation. In order to save labor in such work up to seedling planting, for example, a seed sheet and a seed mat suitable for a direct seeding technique using a rice transplanter and a nursery box as described below are known. (1) Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-84713 (hereinafter referred to as “A”) is manufactured by sandwiching seed paddy between two naturally decomposable nonwoven fabric sheets in a seeded state and joining them by a needling process. A seedling sheet for hydroponic seedling raising is disclosed. (2) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-136712 (hereinafter referred to as “B”) discloses that a water-soluble or water-dispersible support is provided with a plurality of adhesive dots at regular intervals, and then the adhesive dots are seeded. And a water-soluble polymer film of polyethylene glycol is fused to a support to which seeds are adhered to form a seedling-growing sheet. (3) In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-46611 (hereinafter referred to as “C”), a cotton non-woven fabric is supplied onto the upper surface of a conveyor, and a natural degradable binder is transferred from a transfer roll to the cotton non-woven fabric at regular intervals. Disclosed is a method for producing a seedling-growing sheet, in which seeds are sprayed on a non-woven fabric, and then the seeds sprayed except on the binder are dropped and removed at the reverse position of the conveyor. (4) Seed paddy, fertilizer, germination accelerator, etc. are mixed to granulate rice seed pellets, which is placed in a pot on a mat for medium seedlings and immersed in a solidifying agent to prepare a sun dried mat. , A method is disclosed in which a part of this mat is pressed into the paddy field using a Naka Naeda planting machine to perform direct sowing.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned conventional techniques have the following problems. That is, the technique disclosed in (1) A publication raises seedlings using a seeding sheet in which seeds are sandwiched between non-woven sheets,
Since this is arranged on the rice field along with the sheet, there is a problem that a large amount of space is required for raising seedlings. (2) In the seedling raising seedling sheet covering the surface including seeds with the water-soluble polymer film described in JP-B-B, since the support and the water-soluble polymer film are easily softened and deformed due to moisture in the air, Long-term storage is difficult. Further, since the strength of the sheet itself is low, there is a problem that handling is difficult when performing direct seeding using a conventional rice transplanter. (3) In the seed-raising sheet in which the seeds described in Japanese Patent Publication No. Gazette are sprayed on a cotton non-woven fabric and fixed with a binder, the degree of exposure of the seeds fixed on the sheet to the air is high, so that the storage environment, etc. There was a problem that it was easily affected. Also,
Since a cotton non-woven fabric is used, there is a problem in that the strength for maintaining the shape is insufficient and it becomes an obstacle when mechanically shearing this sheet. (4) Further, when the seeding sheets described in the publications Nos. A to C are used, a direct seeding device dedicated to the seeding sheet is required and there is a problem that the versatility is lacking. (5) In the method of performing direct sowing using a mat containing rice seed pellets, the seed pellets must be granulated in advance and inserted into the middle seedling mat, which increases the manufacturing cost and increases the rice planting time. Since factors such as the mechanical use characteristics of the mat and the storability of the seed when scraping with the scraping claw of the machine are not taken into consideration, there is a problem that the seedling establishment rate is low even if this is applied. It was Further, there is a problem in that it requires a direct seeding device dedicated thereto and lacks versatility. (6) Further, since the conventional seed sheet and seed mat have a high elastic modulus and a high shear resistance, the scraping claw used for the rice transplanter for direct sowing has a predetermined size (a size having a predetermined sowing amount). Since the sheet or mat has a high elastic modulus when it is scraped off, it is cut in a state where it is torn off by the scraping claw,
There is a problem that the seeds are scraped during scraping, and the scraping surface has irregularities after scraping, which tends to hinder the direct sowing work. Further, even when the seeds are used in a nursery box, even if the seeds are to be buried by a roller or the like, there is a problem that the seeds cannot be buried due to its elasticity.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems. It is low in shearing property and easily plastically deformed, seeds are easily embedded in a sheet portion, and a seeded mat is easily stored for a long period of time at a low cost. Mass production, high direct seeding efficiency, excellent seedling raising efficiency,
A seed mat and a method for producing the seed mat, which can improve the seedling establishment rate by using a conventional rice transplanter and directly utilizing the high-precision planting mechanism as it is under direct and efficient seeding conditions and seedling raising conditions. The purpose is to provide.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following constitution. The seed mat according to claim 1 is block-shaped using the scraping claws of a rice transplanter.
Seeds that are scraped off by rice and pushed into the soil of paddy fields and sown directly
It is a matte and a curing agent for resol type phenolic resin,
A sheet portion made of a resin foam obtained by mixing and foaming a surfactant and a foaming agent, an adhesive layer formed on the seed-embedded surface of the sheet portion, and the surface of the sheet portion is the same as the surface of the sheet portion. Before being embedded by press-fitting with a press roller
And a seed adhered and fixed with an adhesive of the adhesive layer . As a result, the following effects are obtained. That is, (a) When the seed is pressed into the sheet portion, the bubbles (cells) of the resin foam in the sheet portion are broken, the seed is buried, and the jagged edges of the broken surface and the hairs of the seed skin are entangled. The seeds can be prevented from falling off by being held in the buried hole portion of the seat portion in the closed state. (B) Since the seeds are press-fitted flush with the surface of the sheet portion, the surface of the seeding layer is flat, the seed mats can be stacked and used in multiple layers, and the seeds stacked in multiple stages at the time of direct sowing Even if you extend the mat from the bottom, the surface is smooth, so
The feeding operation is smooth and the seeds can be prevented from falling off. (C) Since the germination ability can be maintained for a long period of time, seed mats can be produced in winter, which is the off-season, and can be used in spring, and the labor force that tends to be insufficient can be efficiently utilized. (D) Since the sheet portion is the resin foam, the seed can be embedded in the resin foam without damaging the seed, and the workability of the embedding operation can be improved. (E) Since the seeds can be stably retained in the resin foam without being damaged, seeds such as feed rice and sorghum that can be directly seeded can also be directly seeded using a rice transplanter, in addition to paddy rice. (F) The seed mat can be grown by simply storing it in a nursery box for seedlings such as paddy rice, covering it with soil, and applying water. (G) When the suitable time for direct sowing is lost due to the influence of weather or the like, the seedlings can be transplanted by immediately switching to raising seedlings. (H) Since the seed mat can be used for both direct sowing and transplantation, the mat can be utilized without waste. (I) Since the resin foam contains phenolic resin as the main component, it has low shear stress, low elasticity, high strength, and weight reduction. Therefore, it is possible to improve the scraping property with the scraping claws of the rice transplanter, and the scraped mat blocks can be planted in a point-seeding manner without waste, and as a result, the seedling establishment rate and the like can be improved. In particular, paddy rice leads to expansion of the rhizosphere and can improve lodging resistance. (J) Since it has open cells (open cells), water absorption after planting in a paddy field or the like is instantaneously performed, and the mat block does not rise, so that the rooted yield can be improved. In particular, paddy rice enables germination in the soil,
It is possible to prevent the seedlings immediately after germination from being floated up and washed away, and from being deteriorated in lodging resistance. (K) Since the surface of the foam is smooth, when the seed mat is set on the mat mounting portion of the rice transplanter, the vertical and horizontal movement resistance can be reduced and the seed mat can be smoothly fed. (L) Phenolic resin foam has a moisture absorption rate of 99 vo
Since it has 1%, it is possible to instantly absorb and maintain the same amount of water as when the particles were immersed in water, and thus it is possible to prevent the seed block pushed into the paddy water from floating. (M) The characteristics of the phenolic foamed resin mat are that the water absorption rate of the mat is very fast and it can quickly absorb water of a volume equivalent to the same volume, so that the water content of the entire mat is promptly uniform after water spraying. become. Therefore, the water content does not stagnate on the mat surface, and the water content during production and storage of the seed mat can be kept low by adjusting the amount of spray water according to the seed. (N) The adhesive layer formed on the surface of the sheet part holds the pressed seeds in the contact surface with the sheet part by adhering and fixing them, so that the seeds are prevented from falling off and the seeds are utilized without waste. it can. In particular, it can be preferably used for seeds having less hair on the epidermis. (O) When the pesticide component or fertilizer component is included in the adhesive layer or the sheet portion, the germination ability can be adjusted and the seeding date can be adjusted, and there is no problem even if the seeding date is changed due to the weather. Can handle. Moreover, initial growth can be improved. (P) Since the seeds are press-fitted into the sheet part and held in the state where the back part is adhered, the surface of the seeding layer is flattened, and the seed mat can be used by stacking it in several layers. Even if the seed mats stacked in a plurality of stages are unrolled from the lower stage, the surface is smooth, so that the unrolling operation is smooth and the seeds can be prevented from falling off. (Q) When the seeds are embedded under pressure at the same level as or slightly deeper than the surface of the resin foam, the seeds do not peel off from the seed mat even when they are stacked during storage or transportation, which is excellent in storability and Even if the seed mats are stacked at the time of direct sowing, the seed mats can be delivered smoothly without disturbing the seeds.

Here, the shape of the sheet portion into which the seeds are press-fitted may be cut to the size of the mat mounting portion of the rice transplanter, or may be a sheet shape that can be wound into a roll. As seeds, various seeds such as elliptical seeds such as paddy rice and spherical seeds such as sorghum are used. In addition, it is also possible to use those in which calper (calcium peroxide) is applied to improve the germination ability.

The resin foam is also called a plastic foam, and it is possible to use a light-weight molded article having excellent moldability obtained by foam molding in which air or another gas is finely dispersed in a plastic material. As the synthetic resin raw material, a synthetic resin having excellent hydrophilicity and easily plastically deformed, such as phenol, can be applied. As a result, the water absorbability is excellent and the water supply ability to seeds or seedlings is excellent, and the seeds press-embedded by plastic deformation can be retained as they are. The foam molding method can be classified according to, for example, the state of the polymer at the time of foam molding. When the raw material is in a molten state, foam molding (extrusion, molding, etc.) is performed. Solid phase foaming,
There is cast foaming in which a liquid material is foamed when cast.
Casting foam molding uses liquid raw materials (monomers or oligomers), casting while foaming while reacting in the air,
Polymer production and gas evolution proceed in parallel. At the stage of compatibilization and dispersion of the raw material components, the influence of the compatibility of the raw material components is great, but the action of the nonionic surfactant such as silicone type and hydrocarbon type and the stirring and mixing energy applied from the outside The impact is also great. Then, the raw material components start to react, and the heat of reaction causes vaporization of a foaming agent such as pentane or generation of a foaming gas, whereby a plastic foam having predetermined communicating cells is formed. Resin raw materials include additives that promote biodegradation of konjak mannan, agar, starch, rice bran, etc., and C to prevent floating.
An inorganic filler such as aCO ₃ may be added. As a result, since the sheet portion of the seed mat is directly sown, it is quickly decomposed by soil bacteria, which is excellent for the environment. As the resin foam, an open-cell resin foam is used. This is because the seeds can be supplied with water from any part of the soil during direct sowing, and the entire seeds can be quickly supplied with water when irrigated.

The density (Kg / m ³ ) of the resin foam is 10
50 kg / m ^3, preferably is used as the 15~40Kg / m ^3. 40 kg depending on the type of resin foam
/ M larger as the consisting ^3, seeds pressed burial by its rigidity upon stuffing to the foams of the seed becomes difficult, with there is a possibility that damage to the seed, the seeds when subjected to impact foam It tends to come off and fall off easily. Further, as it becomes smaller than 10 Kg / m ³ , the mechanical strength of the foam is apt to be deteriorated or it is easily deteriorated by ultraviolet rays, oxygen and the like, and further, the foam tends to be cracked during handling due to insufficient mechanical strength. Therefore, it is not preferable. The shear strength of the resin foam varies depending on the type of resin, but a shear strength of 0.5 to 6.45 Kgf / cm ² is preferably used. This makes it possible to smoothly scrape the set amount without causing the resin foam that has been pulled during scraping to recover due to its elasticity after scraping and to form an uneven portion. Further, it is possible to prevent the seeds to be press-fitted from breaking the foamed cells and being held at the press-fitted position, so that the seeds will not float on the surface of the foamed body due to the elasticity of the foamed body with time.

The pressed seed is embedded in the foam so that the surface thereof is the same as the surface of the resin foam. When the seeds are embedded in the same or slightly deeper than the surface of the resin foam, the seed mats do not peel off from the seed mat even if they are stacked during storage or transportation. Even if the mats are laminated, the seeds can be delivered smoothly without disturbing the seeds.

The seed mat can be manufactured, for example, as follows. The foamed block is formed into a sheet having a predetermined size. Next, after the seeds are sprayed on the sheet, the seeds sprayed on the surface are pressed into the sheet with a press roller or the like. Finally, dry it for a certain time,
The seed mat can be prepared by adjusting the water content within a predetermined range.

As the phenol resin foam, novolac type and resol type can be used. The resol type is preferably used because it can be cured at a relatively low temperature and can be mass-produced at low cost. As the resol type phenol resin, a resin obtained by reacting phenols and formaldehyde in equimolar amounts or in excess of formaldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst according to a conventional method is preferably used. Examples of phenols include phenol-based compounds such as cresol, bisphenol, and resormine, in addition to phenol.
Phenolic resin foam is a foam containing phenol resin as a main component, but urea, urea resin, epoxy resin, isocyanate compound, etc. that can react with phenol resin during phenol resin synthesis or phenol resin foaming. The compound may be modified within a range that does not impair the properties of the phenol resin foam. By denaturing, it is possible to obtain a sheet that matches the local conditions of direct sowing and the properties of seeds. Additives such as konjac mannan, agar, starch, and rice bran that accelerate biodegradation may be added to the resin foam. As a result, the sheet portion of the seed mat is immediately decomposed by the soil bacteria after being directly sown, so that the workability is excellent without the need for post-treatment.

Materials for forming the adhesive layer include starch, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, cellulose ether, polyvinyl acetate, etc., which dry quickly, biodegrade easily, and do not cause germination damage or work pollution. It is used, but starch is particularly preferably used. As an adhesion method, an adhesive such as starch paste is applied to the sheet portion by a method such as spray application, brush application, roller application and the like. In this case, the method of spray coating is preferable because the coating amount is constant and the coating is even. Further, the adhesive layer may contain a pesticide component such as a germination accelerator and a seed retainer, and a fertilizer component. In this case, the seed mat to be planted in the field in a block unit can be preliminarily mixed with the pesticide component and the fertilizer component, so that the pesticide component and the fertilizer component can be effectively acted on the seeds, and seed seedlings from pests and diseases It can protect the initial growth. Furthermore, the addition amount can be adjusted depending on the thickness of the adhesive layer and the concentration of the pesticide component and fertilizer component to be contained, which facilitates management of the pesticide component and fertilizer component and improves crop yield and pest resistance. You can Incidentally, the adhesive layer may be formed on both sides of the sheet portion, and in this case, the pesticide or fertilizer component may not be mixed in the press-fitting side of the seed, but may be mixed in the adhesive layer on the opposite side. This is to prevent the pesticides and fertilizer components from directly acting on the seeds. In addition, in the case of using a granular material such as starch paste, water is sprayed on the resin foam, and then the granular material of starch paste is sprayed,
A seed mat is manufactured by spray-pressing seeds. A predetermined amount of fertilizer or pesticide may be dissolved in water.

A pesticide component, a fertilizer component, etc. may be held on the back surface of the sheet portion on which the adhesive layer is formed. As a result, (a) since the sheet portion holds the pesticide component, the fertilizer component, etc., it is possible to add a large amount of the pesticide component and the fertilizer component around the planted seeds, thereby improving the fertilization efficiency. Therefore, the crop yield can be effectively improved. (B) The pesticide component can prevent pests such as paddy rice from growing in the early stages of growth, raise the rate of raising seedlings, and improve initial growth. Retaining pesticides and fertilizer components in the seat part
It is sprayed and held together with an adhesive, or a recess is formed and held in the sheet portion, or an agrochemical component or the like is formed into a capsule or pill, which is embedded and held in the sheet portion. It should be noted that a water-soluble polymer film may be laminated and adhered to the recess or the embedded portion, or a binder may be used so that the components can be retained.

The seed mat according to claim 2 is characterized in that
In, the thickness of the sheet portion is 3 times the length of the seed.
It has a configuration of 10 to 10 times. As a result, the following actions are obtained in addition to the actions obtained in the first aspect. That is, since the thickness of the sheet portion is set to a predetermined ratio with respect to the length of the seed to be press-fitted, the seed can be satisfactorily gripped by the sheet portion, and the necessary strength is added to the sheet portion. Thus, it is possible to maintain the scraping property by the scraping claw of the rice transplanter.

If the thickness of the sheet portion is less than 3 times the length of the seed, the gripping property of the seed is lowered and it becomes difficult to maintain the overall strength of the sheet portion. Conversely, 1
When it exceeds 0 times, the resistance at the time of scraping increases and the raw material cost of the sheet portion increases, which is not preferable.

The seed mat according to claim 3 is the same as in claim 1.
Alternatively, in 2), the sheet portion is scraped into a block shape by using a scraping claw of a rice transplanter that performs a cranking motion or a rotary motion of the rice transplanter, and is pressed into the soil to be directly sown. The width and length of the unit row of the seedling stand,
In addition, it has a structure formed to have a thickness that allows stacking.
As a result, the following actions are obtained in addition to the actions obtained in the first or second aspect. (A) Since the seed mat has low elasticity and weak resistance to shearing of the scraping claw, the mat is stretched and scraped (cut) without being torn off, preventing unevenness on the scraping surface. After scraping the lower row, the upper row comes to a predetermined position, so that the scraping amount is always constant and the workability of the direct sowing work can be improved. (B) Since the seed mat is formed to have a width and a length of one row of a plurality of seedling rows on the seedling mounting table of the rice transplanter, the seed mat can be directly set on the rice transplanter at the time of direct seeding, and the thickness is 7 mm to 50 mm.
Since it is preferably formed with a thickness of 10 to 30 mm, a plurality of stages can be stacked in each row, and the workability of direct seeding work can be improved.
In addition, since the seed mat has an appropriate strength, it can be easily fed downward even after the end of direct seeding in the lowermost stage. (C) When part of the seed mat is scraped into blocks using the scraping claws of the rice transplanter, the sheet part is made of a resin foam that is easily sheared, so that the mat block is scraped without losing its shape. Can be taken. Since the resin block of the scraped mat block is rigid and is firmly held by the scraping claws, it can be pushed into the paddy field or the like. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform direct sowing using a conventional rice transplanter under appropriate sowing conditions suitable for the seed type.

Here, as the rice transplanter, a general-purpose seedling rice transplanter having a seedling scraping claw or the like can be used. The scraping claw may have any shape as long as it can be applied to a seed mat to scrape off a mat block containing seeds.

A method for producing a seed mat according to claim 4.
Scraped into blocks using the scraping claws of the rice transplanter.
Made of seed mats that are pressed into the soil of paddy fields and sown directly
A method of manufacturing, from a resole type phenolic resin foam
After forming the adhesive layer on the seed burying surface of the sheet part
Spread the seeds on the surface of the adhesive layer so that they are almost even,
Press the seeds onto the seeds by pressing with a press roller.
It is press-fitted and embedded in the sheet part and bonded with the adhesive of the adhesive layer.
Fixed and the surface of the seed and the surface of the sheet portion
Have the same structure.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a seed mat according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 10 is the seed mat of the first embodiment,
11 is a sheet portion made of resin foam, 12 is a sheet portion 1
The adhesive layer 13 formed on the surface 1 is seed such as seed paddy that is pressed into the sheet portion 11 from the side of the adhesive layer 12 using a press roller or the like. The seed mat 10 of the first embodiment is formed in a rectangular shape having vertical and horizontal lengths of 580 mm, 280 mm, and a thickness of 15 mm. Seat part 11
Consists of a phenol resin foam that is lightweight and has excellent water absorption. Phenolic resin foams include resol-type phenolic resins, acidic curing agents (eg, phenol sulfonic acid), surfactants for foam control (nonionic), water absorbing agents (anionic), foam stabilizers (polyalkylsiloxane) and low It is an open-cell type foam made by mixing and foaming a boiling organic foaming agent (petroleum ether, pentane, hexane, etc.). The resol-type phenol resin was prepared by mixing phenol and formalin with an alkali catalyst (caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.) and reacting them according to a conventional method. Specifically, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resol type phenolic resin, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of anionic surfactant and 0.3 to 0.3 parts of nonionic surfactant are used.
6 wt parts, 0.01 to 0.5 wt parts of foam conditioning silicon, 2 to 7.5 wt parts of pentane, 1.5 to 8 wt parts of hexane, and 2 to 15 wt parts of phenolsulfonic acid are variously selected and adjusted. By mixing and stirring, a phenol resin foam was obtained.

The density of the foam having open cells obtained by using such a resol type phenol resin was measured and found to be about 20 kg / m ³ . Then, the obtained phenol resin foam is 580 mm in length, width and height.
It was formed into a rectangular parallelepiped shape of 280 mm x 15 mm (volume 2436 cc) and floated on water to absorb water. As a result, the water absorption time until saturation was extremely short and water was absorbed rapidly, and its saturated water content was almost equal to the volume of this rectangular parallelepiped. Equal to 2380-2
It was found to be 420 cc. It was also found that once this resin foam absorbs water, water does not drip immediately and has sufficient water retention. Then, the seeds 13 such as seed paddy are sprayed on one surface of the sheet portion so as to be substantially uniform, and the seeds 13 are then pressed using a press roller or the like.
From above, the seed 13 was pressed into the sheet portion 11 and embedded therein to form the surface of the seed 13 and the surface of the sheet portion 11 identically to obtain a seed mat. When the seed burying surface and the bottom surface of the obtained seed mat were reversed and the bottom surface was tapped or shaken, almost no seeds were dropped. This is probably because the epidermis hair of the seed and the entanglement of the irregularities on the wall surface of the fracture surface of the cell hold the seed. From this, it was found that it has the optimum physical properties as a seed mat for direct seeding of rice transplanters and for raising seedlings in a nursery box.

Then, a thin adhesive layer 12 was formed on the seed-embedded surface of the sheet portion 11 by spray coating.
The adhesive layer 12 has a concentration of 4 to 5% by diluting starch paste with water.
The liquid prepared as described above was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the sheet portion 11 using a sprayer so that the coating amount was 300 cc per square meter. Further, about 50 cc of water was sprayed on the surface of the sheet portion 11 by using a spraying unit, and starch glue powder was sprinkled on the wet surface to form the adhesive layer 12. After the seeds 13 such as seed paddy are sprayed on the surface of each adhesive layer 12 so as to be substantially uniform, the seeds 13 are pressed from above the seeds 13 using a press roller or the like, and the seeds 13 are press-fitted into the sheet portion 11 and embedded. Then, the surface of the seed 13 and the surface of the sheet portion 11 were formed to be the same, and the seed mat 10 was dried by a drier or natural drying so as to have a predetermined water content. Under the harsh conditions, the seed mat thus obtained was struck and shaken by inverting the seed embedding surface and the bottom surface, but no dropout of the seed was observed. This is probably because the adhesive layer 12 firmly adheres and fixes it to the embedding hole. It was also found that when the seed mat was dipped in water, the starch paste was gradually eluted and there was no problem in seed germination.

A direct sowing method using a seed mat having the adhesive layer of the first embodiment configured as described above in a rice transplanter will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the direct sowing method used for the rice transplanter of the seed mat provided with the adhesive layer according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, 10 is a seed mat, 11 is a sheet portion, and 13 is a seed. Since these are the same as those in FIG. 1, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted. 1
4 is a seedling stand of a rice transplanter to which the seed mat 10 is attached, 1
5 is a cube-shaped mat block, a part of which is scraped off from the seed mat 10, and 16 is the mat block 1 whose tip rotates or cranks (rotates) within a predetermined angle range.
A scraping claw for scraping 5 is denoted by 17 and a scraping claw 16 is for rotary motion (rotation) or crank motion (rotation).
The guide member 18 is formed along the tip of the mat block 15 to smoothly move the mat block 15, and the reference numeral 18 is soil such as a field where the mat block 15 having the seed 13 is pushed by the tip of the scraping claw 16. First, a rice transplanter for seedlings is prepared, and the portion of the scraping claw for direct seeding for scraping seedlings is replaced so that the mat block 15 can be scraped from the seed mat 10. Then, the seed mat 10 is set on the seedling mounting table 14 for mounting the seedling mat of this rice transplanter, and the same operation as in the normal seedling transplant is performed,
The mat block 15 is planted on the soil 18 in the field in a spotted manner. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a part of the end of the seed mat 10 is cut off into a cubic mat block 15 of a predetermined size, for example, 8 to 13 mm square at the tip of the rotating or rotating scraping claw 16. Then, this moves along the guide member 17 and is pushed into the soil 18 of the field by the pushing metal fitting (not shown) interlocking with the scraping claw 16 so as to have a depth of about 5 to 20 mm and planted. .

Since the seed mat 10 of the first embodiment is constructed as described above, it has the following actions.
That is, (1) the seed mat has open cells, water permeability, air permeability,
Excellent in. (2) When the seed mat is used in a nursery box, it absorbs water quickly and retains liquid fertilizer and water in a capillary phenomenon, and
As it has excellent breathability, it does not cause root rot,
Raising seedlings is possible. (3) When the part of the seed mat 10 is scraped into a block to form the mat block 15, the sheet portion 11 is made of a phenol resin foam that is easily sheared, so that the mat block 15 does not lose its shape. It can be pushed into the soil and the seeding accuracy can be increased to improve the efficiency of direct seeding using a rice transplanter. (4) Since the adhesive layer 12 made of starch paste or the like is formed on the surface of the sheet portion 11 and the seed is embedded in the sheet portion 11, the seed 13 does not fall off,
The seeds 13 can be utilized without waste. (5) The phenol resin foam has a high water absorbency and absorbs water immediately after being planted, so that it can be prevented from rising from the paddy field, the stability of planting can be secured, and the rooting rate is good. (6) When the seed mat 10 is made to contain a pesticide fertilizer component or the like in advance by utilizing the water absorption property of the phenol resin foam, the pesticide fertilizer component or the like acts effectively on the planted seed 13 and the seed 13 It is possible to improve the initial growth and avoid pests and diseases of paddy rice and the like in the early stages of growth. (7) Seed mat 10 made of phenolic resin foam
Compared with the conventional seedling mat, its weight is about 1/20.
Since it can be lightened, the work can be lightened and the work efficiency can be improved. (8) The cross section of the seed mat 10 after scraping off the mat block 15 is larger than that when rock wool or the like is used.
The fibers can be made smooth without popping out, and the seed mat 10 can be easily moved on the seedling mounting table 14 of the rice transplanter without any trouble, and the workability can be improved. (9) Since the required strength can be added by setting the conditions at the time of foam molding, the seed mat 10 can be stacked, and the transportability and the storability are excellent. (10) When the seed mat 10 is scraped, the scraping claw 16
Since the mat itself has flexibility even when the seeds 13 come on the seeds 13, the seeds 13 are less likely to be damaged by moving in the direction of escaping from the scraping claws 16.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a seed mat according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, 20 is the seed mat of the second embodiment,
21 is a sheet portion made of a resin foam, 22 is a sheet portion 2
1 is an adhesive layer formed on the surface 1, 23 is a seed pressed into the sheet portion 21 from the adhesive layer 22 side, and 24 is a concave portion formed on the back surface of the sheet portion 21 and filled with fertilizer components and the like. Is. The resin foam forming the sheet portion 21 is made of a phenol resin foam formed by foaming a phenol resin as a main component, and has good workability with respect to a scraping operation using a scraping claw of a rice transplanter. Is given. Further, the sheet portion 21 may be subjected to a neutralization treatment, a water washing treatment, or the like after its molding to remove or modify a component which becomes an obstacle when the seed mat 20 is planted, in advance. Recess 24 formed in the seat portion 21
Has a depth of 1/6 to 1/4 of the thickness of the seat portion, and may be a long rectangular groove or a large number of independent circular or rectangular holes dispersed.
The fertilizer components filled in the recess 24 include nitrogen, potassium,
Fertilizers containing phosphorus, germination accelerators such as calcium peroxide, pesticides such as insecticides can be applied. In addition, if necessary, after the fertilizer component or the agrochemical component is filled in the recessed portion 24 of the sheet portion 21, the surface thereof is covered with paper or a polymer film so that the fertilizer component or the agrochemical component is not easily dropped. Good.

Since the seed mat 20 of the second embodiment is constructed as described above, it has the following actions. That is, (1) since the fertilizer component, the pesticide component and the like and the seed 23 are separately arranged on the front and back surfaces of the seed mat 20, even if the seed mat 10 is stored for a long period of time, This can prevent the seeds 23 from being affected and germinating. (2) When the seed mat 20 is scraped to form a mat block, the sheet portion 21 is made of a phenol resin foam that is easily sheared, so that the mat block does not lose its shape and the work efficiency of direct seeding using a rice transplanter is improved. Can be improved.

(Third Embodiment) The seed mat of the third embodiment has a sheet portion different from those of the first and second embodiments in that polyurethane and vinyl type (EVA).
Etc.) and the like, each of which is formed of a foamed resin having hydrophilicity and excellent plastic deformability. It should be noted that an additive for promoting biodegradation of konjak mannan, agar, starch, rice bran or the like or an inorganic additive such as calcium carbonate may be added to these resin raw materials for extrusion molding. In these cases, the following actions are also provided, similar to the first embodiment. (1) When a part of the seed mat is scraped into a block to form a mat block, the sheet portion is made of a resin foam that is easily sheared, so the mat block can be easily pushed into the soil, The seeding accuracy can be increased and the efficiency of direct seeding using a rice transplanter can be improved. (2) Since the adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the sheet portion and the seed is embedded in the sheet portion, the seed can be reliably held and the seed can be utilized without waste. (3) The material can be selected according to the characteristics of the resin, and the weight thereof can be adjusted as compared with the conventional seedling mat, and the work efficiency can be improved. (4) Compared to the case where rock wool or the like is used for the sheet portion, the surface of the seed mat can be made smooth without protruding fibers or the like, and the seed mat can be easily moved on the seedling table of the rice transplanter without any trouble. (5) Since necessary strength can be added by setting the conditions for foam molding, seed mats can be stacked and excellent in transportability and storability.

[0027]

As described above, according to the seed mat of the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.

According to the invention described in claim 1, the following effects are obtained. That is, (a) When the seed is pressed into the sheet portion, the bubbles (cells) of the resin foam in the sheet portion are broken, the seed is buried, and the jagged edges of the broken surface and the hairs of the seed skin are entangled. In this state, the seeds are retained in the buried holes of the sheet portion to prevent the seeds from falling off, and the seeds retainability is excellent, and at the same time, it is possible to mass-produce high-quality seed mats with excellent productivity. (B) Since the seeds are press-fitted and embedded flush with the surface of the sheet portion, the surface of the seeding layer becomes flat, and the seed mat can be stacked and used in multiple layers. Since the surface is smooth even when the seed mat is unwound from the lower stage, the unrolling work is smooth and the workability of the direct sowing work can be improved. (C) Since the germination ability can be maintained for a long period of time, seed mats can be produced in winter, which is the off-season, and can be used in spring, and the labor force that tends to be insufficient can be efficiently utilized. (D) Since the sheet portion is the resin foam, the seed can be embedded in the resin foam without damaging the seed, and the workability of the embedding operation can be improved. (E) Since seeds can be stably retained in the resin foam without being damaged, seeds that can be sowed directly such as feed rice and sorghum are suitable as seed mats for direct sowing using a rice transplanter and for raising seedlings. Can be used. (F) When a part of the seed mat is scraped into blocks using the scraping claws of the rice transplanter, the sheet portion is made of a resin foam that is easily sheared, so that the mat block does not lose its shape, It can be pushed into the field. Therefore,
Conventionally, seeds were sown in a nursery box, and this was cultivated as seedlings by performing seedling management work such as irrigation for about 20 days, which was transplanted by a rice transplanter. The seeds can be planted directly on the paddy field, and the space for seedling raising boxes and the labor for raising seedlings can be reduced. (G) Since the seeds are held in a state of being pressed into the sheet portion, the periphery of the seeds is covered with the resin foam, and the germination ability of the seeds can be preserved and maintained while being well retained. Therefore, the seedling establishment rate can be improved when sowing using a seed mat. (H) The pesticide component and the like can be included in the sheet portion to prevent pests and diseases such as rice in the early stage of growth. (I) Since the germination ability can be maintained for a long period of time, seed mats can be produced in winter, which is the off-season, and can be used in spring, and the labor force that tends to be insufficient can be efficiently utilized. (J) Since the resin foam has a phenol resin as a main component, it has appropriate hardness and can be made lightweight. This makes it possible to improve the scraping property by the scraping claws of the rice transplanter, and the scraped mat blocks can be planted in a point-seeding manner without waste, and as a result, the seedling establishment rate and the like can be improved. (K) Since it has open cells, it absorbs water quickly after it is planted in a paddy field or the like, and the mat block does not lift up, so that the rooted yield can be improved. (L) Since the foam made of phenolic resin can smooth the surface, when the seed mat is set on the mat mounting part of the rice transplanter, the vertical and horizontal movement resistance should be reduced and the seed mat should be fed smoothly. You can (M) Since the water content is set in a range in which substantial substance metabolism for germination of seeds does not occur, seeds can be reliably stored for a long period of time while being retained in a seed mat. . Therefore, even if the time of direct sowing varies, the seed mat can be used more effectively correspondingly. Further, it is possible to avoid labor competition at the time of direct sowing work on paddy fields. (N) The adhesive layer formed on the surface of the sheet portion holds the pressed seeds in the contact surface with the sheet portion by adhering and fixing them, so that the seeds are prevented from falling off and the seeds are utilized without waste. it can. In particular, it can be preferably used for seeds having less hair on the epidermis. (O) When the adhesive layer or the sheet part contains a pesticide component or a fertilizer component, the germination power can be adjusted and the seeding date can be adjusted, and even if the seeding date is changed due to the weather, there is no problem. Can handle. Moreover, initial growth can be improved. (P) Since the seeds are press-fitted into the sheet part and held in the state where the back part is adhered, the surface of the seeding layer becomes flat, and the seed mat can be used by stacking in multiple layers, and at the time of direct sowing. Even if the seed mats stacked in a plurality of stages are unrolled from the lower stage, the surface is smooth, so that the unrolling operation is smooth and the seeds can be prevented from falling off. (Q) Since it has an adhesive layer formed on the surface of the sheet part, the press-fitted seed is adhesively fixed and held by the adhesive at the contact surface with the sheet part, so that the seed does not fall off. Prevent and use seeds without waste. (R) When the adhesive layer or the sheet portion contains a pesticide component or a fertilizer component, the germination ability can be adjusted and the seeding date can be adjusted, and even if the seeding date is changed due to the weather, there is no problem. Can handle. (S) When the seeds are embedded at the same level as or slightly deeper than the surface of the resin foam, and the seed mats are stacked during storage or transportation, the seeds do not peel off from the seed mats and have excellent storability. Even if the seed mats are stacked at the time of direct sowing, the seed mats can be delivered smoothly without disturbing the seeds.

According to the invention described in claim 2, claim 1
In addition to the effects of, the following effects can be obtained. That is, since the thickness of the sheet portion is set to a predetermined ratio with respect to the length of the seed to be press-fitted, the seed can be satisfactorily gripped by the sheet portion, and the necessary strength is added to the sheet portion. Thus, the scraping property of the rice transplanter with the scraping claws can be favorably maintained.

According to the invention of claim 3, claim 1
Alternatively, the following effect can be obtained in addition to the effect of 2. That is, (a) since the seed mat has low elasticity and weak resistance to shearing of the scraping claw, the mat is stretched and scraped (cut) without being torn off, so that unevenness occurs on the scraping surface. After scraping off the lower row, the upper row comes to a predetermined position, so that the scraping amount is always constant and the workability of the direct sowing work can be improved. (B) The width of one row of the plurality of seedlings on the seedling mounting table is the seed mat,
Since it is formed in a length, it can be set in the rice transplanter as it is at the time of direct sowing, and since it is formed with a thickness of 7 mm to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm, it can be stacked in multiple rows for each row and the workability of direct sowing work is improved. Can be improved. Further, since the seed mat has an appropriate strength, the seed mat can be easily fed downward even after the bottom direct sowing, and the workability of the direct sowing work can be improved. (C) When part of the seed mat is scraped into blocks using the scraping claws of the rice transplanter, the sheet part is made of a resin foam that is easily sheared, so that the mat block is scraped without losing its shape. Can be taken. Since the resin foam of the scraped mat block has elasticity and is firmly held by the scraping claws, it can be pushed into the rice field or the like. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform direct sowing using a conventional rice transplanter under appropriate sowing conditions suitable for the seed type.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a seed mat according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct sowing method used for a rice transplanter of a seed mat having an adhesive layer according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a seed mat according to a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 seed mat 11 seat section 12 Adhesive layer 13 seeds 14 Seedling stand 15 mat block 16 scraping claw 17 Guide 18 Sat 20 seed mat 21 Seat 22 Adhesive layer 23 seeds 24 recess

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Masanori Suenkane 1413-1 Ouchi Gougoku, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Yamaguchi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station (72) Inventor Kazuki Takahashi 1413-1 Ouchi Gochi Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture Yamaguchi Prefecture Agricultural Experiment Station (72) Inventor Kei Nishigaki 401 Koshiniya, Yamanan-cho, Hikami-gun, Hyogo Prefecture (56) References JP-A-6-181603 (JP, A) JP-A-47-7758 (JP, A) JP-A-53-107907 ( JP, A) JP-A-11-155363 (JP, A) Actual Kaihei 5-76207 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01C 1/04

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A block is formed by using a scraping claw of a rice transplanter.
Seed cells that are scraped off, pushed into the soil of paddy fields, and sown directly
A sheet portion made of a resin foam obtained by mixing a resol type phenolic resin with a curing agent, a surfactant, and a foaming agent, and an adhesive layer formed on the seed-embedded surface of the sheet portion. the seat surface is pressed by a press roller such that the same surface of the sheet portion is embedded in the
A seed mat, comprising: a seed that is adhesively fixed with an adhesive of an adhesive layer . 2. The seed mat according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sheet portion is 3 to 10 times the length of the seed. 3. A rice transplanter in which the sheet portion is scraped in a block shape by using a scraping claw that is cranking or rotating in a rice transplanter and is pressed into the soil to be directly seeded. The seed mat according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed mat is formed to have a width and a length of a unit row of the seedling stand and a thickness capable of being stacked. 4. A block shape is formed by using a scraping claw of a rice transplanter.
Seed cells that are scraped off, pushed into the soil of paddy fields, and sown directly
A method for manufacturing a resol type phenol resin
Form an adhesive layer on the seed-embedded surface of the foam sheet.
After that, make the seeds almost even on the surface of the adhesive layer
Scatter and apply pressure from above the seeds with a press roller.
Seeding is press-fitted into the sheet portion and embedded to bond the adhesive layer.
Adhesively fixed with an agent and the surface of the seed and the sheet
Seed mat having the same surface
Manufacturing method.