JP3361255B2 - Transport / delivery planning equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transportation / delivery planning method, an apparatus using the method, and a storage medium holding a program for implementing the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when carrying out a transportation / delivery plan for a wide area, a load is piled up (for different transportation destinations) so as to shorten the transportation / delivery time or the operating distance of transportation / delivery means such as a truck. The load was placed on the same truck) and the operating route was examined, and the shipping base for each order was determined from the results. Details of these conventional techniques are described in, for example, "Super Logistics Revolution" (written by Yoshiharu Katakata, published by Doshoin International) and "Books on Logistics and Delivery" (written by Shinya Nakata,
Published by Nihon Jitsugyo Publishing Co., Ltd., etc., including specific examples.
In this specification, the case of delivering a load from the shipping base is called delivery, and the delivery of the load to the shipping base is called transportation.

When this conventional method is used, the cost required for the transportation means such as trucks is reduced in the transportation time and the operating distance, and the delivery cost (the delivery destination after the departure from a base such as a factory or depot (intermediate base)) The cost to reach () can be kept low because it decreases in proportion to it. Product
If the manufacturing cost of goods and import / purchase costs occupy a large part of the price of applicable products / commodities, and the proportion of transportation costs is small, this conventional method including serviceability to customers is suitable. I can say.

[0004]

However, as shown schematically in FIG. 4, a large part of the total cost of manufacturing a product and delivering it to a customer (delivery destination) is a cost other than the delivery cost. It is occupied by. In FIG. 4, the numbers in parentheses indicate the ratio of each cost to the total cost when the total cost is 100.

As shown in FIG. 4, the total cost includes manufacturing cost and physical distribution cost. When manufacturing a product,
As in the example shown in FIG. 4A, manufacturing costs are roughly divided into material costs, processing costs, and costs. Further, when purchasing a product, as in the example shown in FIG. 4B, the manufacturing cost (that is, the purchase cost) is roughly divided into a purchase cost and a transportation cost from a purchaser. In either case, the physical distribution cost is composed of a base cost (base cost, maintenance and operation cost, etc.), a transportation cost required for transportation between bases, and a delivery cost from the base to a delivery destination.

[0006] In recent years, due to the remarkable improvement in production efficiency and the reduction of labor wages, the prices of products and commodities are drastically reduced, and the ratio of the distribution cost to them is becoming extremely large. Under such circumstances, if the conventional method is used to carry out wide-area transportation from multiple bases, the serviceability to customers (strict adherence to delivery time, etc.) will be good, but useless logistics costs will be paid. . For example, base A (factory) and base C
When delivering to a customer a located just in the middle of the (depot), only shipping cost is incurred when shipped from the factory A, but shipping cost from the factory A to the depot C when shipped from the depot C and the depot. Delivery cost from C to customer a occurs. Since the delivery from the depot C to the customer a will be returned to the factory A, the cost required for the transportation here will be completely wasted.

As described above, in the field where the distribution cost is not negligible as compared with the manufacturing cost, or is rather large, the cost other than the delivery, which is occupied by the distribution cost, cannot be neglected. If the delivery cost is reduced, the base cost and the transportation cost may increase more than the reduction. Therefore, the total cost cannot be effectively reduced by the conventional method of reducing the delivery cost. It was

In view of this, the present invention provides a transportation and delivery plan planning method capable of effectively reducing costs, an transportation and delivery plan planning apparatus using the method, and a storage medium holding a program using the method. The purpose is to provide.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transportation and delivery plan planning method for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations. ) An input step for accepting the input of order information including the delivery amount of the load and the delivery destination information,
(2) A total cost calculation step of calculating a total cost when the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order with the base as a delivery source for each order, (3)
And a base selection step of selecting, for each order, a base having the smallest calculated total cost as a delivery source of the order, a transportation and delivery planning method is provided.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a machine-readable storage medium characterized by holding a program for realizing the transportation and delivery planning method.

Further, as an apparatus for planning an transportation and delivery plan using this method, there is provided an transportation and delivery plan planning apparatus for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations, which holds information. There is provided an apparatus including a data storage unit for carrying out the above, an transportation / delivery planning means for selecting a delivery source, and an output means for outputting information on the selected delivery source.

The data storage unit in the transportation and delivery planning apparatus of the present invention includes an order information storage area for storing order information, a base information storage area for storing base information, and a distance information storage area for storing distance information. And a fare information storage area for holding fare information. The order information includes the delivery amount of the cargo and the information of the delivery destination, and the base information manages (maintains) the manufacturing (or purchasing) cost of the product at the base and the transportation cost to the base, and the base for each base. It is information including the base cost for. The distance information includes information on the delivery distance between the base and the delivery destination, and the fare information is
Includes shipping fare information.

The transportation / delivery planning means in the transportation / delivery planning apparatus of the present invention comprises a total cost calculation means and a base selection means. The total cost calculation means is means for calculating the total cost for each order when each base is used as a delivery source and the delivery amount of the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order. The base selecting means is means for selecting, for each order, the base having the smallest calculated total cost as a delivery source of the order.

As the total cost, the manufacturing (or purchasing) cost of the cargo obtained from the base information, the transportation cost of the cargo to the base, and the base cost and the delivery cost obtained from the delivery amount and the fare information. The sum of and can be used. If the manufacturing costs of products / commodities in stock at all bases are the same, the manufacturing cost need not be included in the total cost. Further, if all bases are factories and transportation is unnecessary, the transportation cost may not be included in the total cost, and if the base costs of all the bases are the same, the base cost may not be included in the total cost.

However, in reality, since the manufacturing cost and the transportation cost always fluctuate to some extent, it is considered that there are few situations where these are always the same between the bases. Therefore, it is desirable to include them in the total cost to minimize the actual cost. Further, as described above, since the manufacturing cost and the transportation cost are constantly changing, it is necessary to accept the input of these costs (that is, the input of the base information) when executing the transportation and delivery planning process. Is desirable.

Further, according to the present invention, it is necessary for the transportation and delivery planning means to obtain the total amount of deliveries in each order for each base and to deliver the total amount of deliveries based on the total amount of deliveries. A delivery amount calculation means for calculating the required amount of the delivery means (the number of transport means such as trucks required for each base, the configuration, etc.) is further provided, and the output means outputs the required amount of the delivery means. Good. This makes it possible to rationally arrange delivery means at the base.

According to the present invention, the shortage rate of the delivery means is calculated from the above-mentioned required quantity of the delivery means for each base in the transportation and delivery planning means, so that the variation of the shortage rate becomes a predetermined value or less. You may further provide the leveling means which determines a delivery origin. By doing this, even if the number of delivery means and the configuration of delivery means are set in advance for each base, the cost of the entire delivery area can be minimized within the constraints of the set delivery capacity. You can

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

<Example 1> Next, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking an example of application to a case where a plurality of products are transported within a certain area.

First, the transportation and delivery target area will be described. In the target area of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, there are three bases, that is, a manufacturing plant A, an intermediate base (depot) B at a port location, and an intermediate base (depot) C inland, and 58 bases. There is a delivery destination.

Since the base A is a factory, it is possible to deliver the produced products directly to the destination using a truck,
Further, trucks can be transported to the bases B and C as required. Since the base B is close to the port, it can receive so-called multimode (by modal shift) transportation using various transportation means.
In the example used here, the transportation from the factory A by domestic shipping, the transportation by foreign shipping, or the transportation from the factory A by a large truck is performed to the base B. Since transportation to the base C is inland, it is carried out by land transportation by truck. The delivery from the base B or C to the delivery destination is performed by a truck.

The dotted line 301 shown in FIG. 3 indicates the boundary of the area in charge of each base determined by the conventional method. In the conventional method, in order to keep the delivery time and minimize the delivery time and the traveling distance, the area in charge is determined according to the arrangement of the bases so that the delivery distance and the delivery time are the shortest in the two-dimensional space. Despite the strong conditions that increase the total cost, it is difficult to extract physical distribution management / control using this area, which seems to be optimal at first glance, and conversely the delivery distance and delivery time. In reality, there are many cases in which the total cost is further increased by further shortening.

The transportation / delivery planning apparatus of this embodiment calculates the total value of the manufacturing cost, the base cost and the transportation / delivery cost when shipped at all the target shipping bases for each input order. , The base with the smallest total value is determined as the optimum base for the relevant order. Therefore, according to the apparatus of this embodiment, the shipping base can be selected so that the cost can be minimized. The transportation / delivery planning apparatus of this embodiment will be described below.

A. Hardware Configuration As shown in FIG. 12, the transportation and delivery planning apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes an input device 2, an external storage device 3, an output device 4, and an output device 4.
It is an information processing device including a main storage device 5 and a central processing unit (CPU) 6. In this embodiment, a keyboard and a mouse are used as the input device 2, and an image display device is used as the output device 4. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other input / output devices such as a touch sensor and a printer may be used. The external storage device 3 also includes a machine-readable storage medium such as a magnetic disk, a magnetic tape, an optical disk, or a magnetic optical disk.

B. Functional Configuration FIG. 1 shows the functional configuration of the transportation and delivery planning apparatus 1 of this embodiment. In addition, in FIG. 1, a dotted arrow indicates a control flow, and a solid arrow indicates a control flow.

The transportation / delivery planning apparatus 1 of this embodiment has a data storage unit 10 for holding information necessary for planning.
An input means 11 for receiving an input from the outside via the input device 2, and a transportation / delivery planning means 12 for selecting a shipping base based on the information held in the data storage section 10.
The output unit 13 outputs information indicating the selected shipping base via the output device 4.

The data storage unit 10 is a storage area secured in the main storage device 5. Further, in this embodiment, the input means 11, the transportation and delivery planning means 12, and the output means 13 are provided.
Is previously stored in the storage medium of the external storage device 3,
It is realized by the CPU 6 executing the program read into the main storage device 5. However, the present invention is not limited to such software, and each means 1
Each of the above means 11 to 13 may be realized by a hardware device including hard wired logic, a custom hardware device, or a combination of these with a programmed general-purpose information processing device.

C. Data Storage Unit 10 As shown in FIG. 1, the data storage unit 10 includes an order information storage area 14 for holding order information, which is externally input instruction information for product transportation and delivery, and a function for each base. A base information storage area 15 for holding information, a distance information storage area 16 for holding distance information between each delivery destination and each base in each delivery area, and information for holding fares A fare information storage area 17 and a delivery source information storage area 18 for holding a code representing the selected delivery source base (shipping base) are provided. The data storage unit 1
In addition to these information, 0 may hold digital map information, customer information, and the like.

The information held in the distance information storage area 16 and the fare information storage area 17 is the planning database 20 (shown in FIG. 7) provided in the storage medium of the external storage device 3.
Are stored in advance in the main storage device 5 and are read into these storage areas of the main storage device 5 as needed.

Information input from the outside is stored in the order information storage area 14 and the base information storage area 15. The delivery source information storage area 18 stores the processing result of the transportation / delivery planning means 12. The information held in the order information storage area 14, the base information storage area 15, and the delivery source information storage area 18 is the order information file 19 (shown in FIG. 7) provided in the storage medium of the external storage device 3.
Will be written appropriately.

(1) Order information storage area 14 The input delivery instruction information (order information) is managed by an order number that is uniquely assigned, and indicates the number indicating the delivery destination and the quantity of the ordered product. including. In addition, when the base to be shipped has already been decided, a code indicating the default shipping base is further included.

The order information storage area 14 for holding the order information is, as shown in FIG. 2, an order number storage area 141, a delivery destination number storage area 142, and the quantity of products to be ordered (order quantity). ) Storage area 143,
A storage area 144 for a default shipping base code. The order quantity storage area 143 is provided with an area for holding the order quantity of each product handled. Note that the order information does not have to include information on the default shipping base, and the order information storage area 14 does not need to have the storage area 144 for the code of the default shipping base.

Each row of the order information storage area 14 holds one record of order information. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the order information of the order number [1] is the order from the delivery destination (1), the product a is 100 kg, and the b is 1
We have ordered 00 kg, 100 kg for C, and 100 kg for f, and the base is designated to use A.

(2) Base information storage area 15 The base information is, for each base, manufacturing (or purchasing) cost (P. cost) at the base, transportation cost (T. cost) to the base, and base cost. And the base cost, which is the cost to use the base, such as maintenance and operation costs,
It is information including a fare number indicating a fare system used for delivery from the base. The transportation and delivery planning apparatus 1 of the present embodiment receives an input of base information from the outside via the input device 2 and stores it in the base information storage area 15. However, the base information is prepared in the planning database 20 in advance,
You may make it read in the base information storage area 15 as needed.

The base information storage area 15 for holding the base information is, as shown in FIG. 5, a cost storage area 151, a base cost storage area 152, and a fare number storage area 153 for each base. Equipped with. Cost storage area 1
51 is a storage area 154 for the cost of each product.
Equipped with. In the product cost storage area 154,
Storage area 1 for manufacturing (or purchasing) cost (P. cost)
55 and a storage area 156 for the transportation cost (T. cost) to the base are provided. In the present embodiment, the unit price for the reference mass of the product is used as the unit of cost, but other units such as the unit price for the volume of the product may be used.

(3) Distance Information Storage Area 16 The distance information storage area 16 is a table for holding the delivery distance between each base and each delivery destination, and as shown in FIG. It is an array that holds the delivery distance. When the data storage unit 10 holds digital map information, the delivery distance may be calculated from the map information without providing the distance information storage area 16. Further, in the present embodiment, the information on the delivery distance is held in the planning database 20 in advance, but the input from the outside may be accepted via the input device 2.

(4) Fare Information Storage Area 17 In this embodiment, three types of fare systems are used. The relationship between the delivery distance and the fare in each fare system is shown in Fig. 6 (a)-
It shows in (c). In the graph shown in FIG. 6, the vertical axis is 1
The delivery cost per ton (unit: yen / ton) is shown, and the horizontal axis shows the delivery distance (unit: Km). In the fare system 1 shown in FIG. 6A, it costs 1,480 yen to deliver a ton of cargo to a delivery destination 90 km away. In the fare system 2 shown in FIG. 6B, 1,540 yen is required to deliver a ton of cargo to a delivery destination 80 km away. FIG. 6 (c)
In the fare system 3 shown in (1), it costs 600 yen to deliver a ton of cargo to a delivery destination 25 km away.

These fare systems can be expressed by a function of a fare and a delivery distance (freight function). As shown in FIG. 13, the fare information storage area 17 of this embodiment stores, for each number (fare number) assigned to the fare system, a fare function storage for holding the fare function of the fare system corresponding to the number. The area 171 is provided. In this embodiment, the fare function information is prepared in advance in the planning database 20 and is read into the fare function storage area 171 as needed, but external input is accepted via the input device 2. May be.

The fare function is obtained by linearly regressing the fare and the delivery distance. However, the fare is generally a non-linear function and varies depending on the type and size of the transportation means, and may vary from carrier to carrier. In such a case, the fare function can be calculated by a method such as linear regression of the fare in the available transportation means / scale by the least square method, or linear regression of the average value of the fare in the available transportation means / scale. Just ask.

Instead of holding the fare function as in the present embodiment, a correspondence table between the fare and the delivery distance may be held and the fare may be obtained by referring to this.

(5) Delivery Source Information Storage Area 18 As shown in FIG. 14, the delivery source information storage area 18 is a code of a shipping base for delivery for each order number to meet the order indicated by the order number. Is provided with a shipping base storage area 181. In this embodiment, the information held in the order information storage area 14 and the delivery source information storage area 18 is stored in the order information file 19 in the form of one table, but is stored in separate tables or files. You may do it.

D. Processing Means 11 to 12 (1) Input Means 11 The input means 11 accepts input of order information and base information from the outside via the input device 2, and the data storage unit 10
It is a means to secure the necessary area for storing the input information.

(2) Transport / Delivery Plan Planning Means 12 The transport / delivery plan planning means 12 is a means for selecting a shipping base as a delivery source. As shown in FIG. 1, the transportation / delivery planning means 12 includes a total cost calculating means 121 for calculating a total cost when a product ordered from each base is delivered, and a base having the smallest total cost, for a processing target order. Is selected and the base is set as the delivery source, and the delivery source information storage area 18
And a base selection means 122 for registering with the base station.

(3) Output Means 13 The output means 13 is means for outputting the shipping base registered in the delivery source information storage area 18 via the output device 4.

E. Transportation / delivery planning process The processing flow in the transportation / delivery planning device 1 of this embodiment is shown in FIG. It should be noted that illustrations of steps relating to reading from a file or writing to a file are omitted.

(1) Input Processing (Step 701) When the transportation and delivery planning apparatus 1 is activated, first, the input means 11 accepts input of order information and base information from the outside via the input device 2. Next, the input means 11
Assigns an order number to the input order information, secures a storage area corresponding to the order number in the order information storage area 14 and the delivery source information storage area 18, and stores the input order information in the order information storage area. 14 areas 141 to 1
44, and further, the inputted base information is stored in the base information storage area 15. Finally, the input means 11 writes the contents of the order information storage area 14 into the order information file 19
Then, the contents of the base information storage area 15 are written in the planning database 20, respectively.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an order information input screen and FIG. 9 shows an example of a base information input screen in this embodiment.

The order information input screen 80 includes an order table display area 81 having the same format as the order information storage area 14, an order addition instruction area 86, an order deletion instruction area 87, and a next screen instruction area 88. The order table display area 81 includes a header display area 89 and an order information input area 82 for receiving an input of order information. The order information input area 82 is provided for each order, and includes a delivery destination number input acceptance area 83, an order quantity input acceptance area 84 for each product, and a default shipping base input acceptance area 85.

The input means 11 uses the order addition instruction area 86.
When is clicked, an order information input area 82 with a new order number is added to the order table display area 81, input to each area 83 to 85 of the area 82 is accepted, and the input information is added to the area. 82. When the order deletion instruction area 87 is clicked, the input means 1
1 receives the designation of the order information input area 82 by the mouse, and erases the designated area. Next screen instruction area 8
When 8 is clicked, the input means 11 stores the information displayed in the order table display area 81 in the order information storage area 14 as order information and displays the base information input screen 90 shown in FIG. , Accept input.

The base information input screen 90 has a base table display area 9 in the same format as the base information storage area 15.
1, a base addition instruction area 98, a base deletion instruction area 99, and an end instruction area 79.

The base table display area 91 comprises a header display area 78 and a base information input area 92 for receiving an input of base information. The base information input area 92 is provided for each base, and has a base name (base code) input reception area 93, a manufacturing (purchase) cost input reception area 94 and a transportation cost input reception area 95 for each product.
And a base cost input receiving area 96 and a fare system number input receiving area 97 for delivery from the base.

When the base addition instruction area 98 is clicked, the input means 11 adds a new base information input area 92 to the base table display area 91, and each area 9 of the area 92 is added.
Inputs to 3 to 97 are accepted, and the input information is displayed in the area 92. When the base deletion instruction area 99 is clicked, the input means 11 accepts the designation of the base information input area 92 by the mouse and erases the designated area. Further, when the end instruction area 79 is clicked, the input means 11 stores the information displayed in the base table display area 91 in the base information storage area 15 as base information, and ends the input processing.

(2) Delivery Source Determination Processing Next, the total cost calculation means 1 of the transportation and delivery planning means 12
21 reads the information from the order information file 19 and the planning database 20, and the order information storage area 1
4, the base information storage area 15, the distance information storage area 16, and the fare information storage area 17, and then the order information to be processed is read from the order information storage area 14 (step 702). Based on the information stored in the information storage area 16 and the fare information storage area 17, for all the bases registered in the base information storage area 15, the total cost required to deliver the order to be processed from that base. Is calculated (step 70)
3).

When the total costs have been calculated for all the bases, the base selecting means 122 of the transportation and delivery planning means 12 selects the base having the smallest total cost, and assigns a code indicating that base. Delivery source information storage area 18
Of the shipping base storage area 1 corresponding to the processing target order number
It is stored in 81 (step 704).

The above delivery source determination processing (steps 702 to 702)
Since the delivery source for one order has been determined by 704), the total cost calculation unit 121 next determines whether or not unprocessed order information remains in the order information storage area 14 (step 705). ), If there is any, the process is returned to step 702 and the delivery source determination process (steps 702 to 704) is executed for the unprocessed order,
In step 705, if there are no unprocessed orders remaining, the total cost calculation means 121 causes the shipping base storage area 1
The information held by 81 is stored in the order information file 19. In this embodiment, the delivery source determination process is performed for all registered order information, but the input device 2
The delivery source may be determined only for the designated order information by accepting the designation via.

(3) Output Processing (Step 706) Finally, the output means 13 reads the information in the order information storage area 14 and the delivery source storage area 18 from the order information file 19 and displays it on the display screen of the output device 4. (Step 706). FIG. 16 shows an example of the delivery source display screen displayed here.

The delivery source display screen 160 includes a processing result display area 161, a scroll instruction area 168, and an end area 169. Processing result table display area 161
Indicates a header display area 162 and a processing result display area 1
And 65. The processing result display area 165 includes a plurality of lines 164 provided for each order number.
Reference numeral 4 includes an order information display area 166 having the same format as the order information input area 82, and a delivery source display area 167.

The output means 13 has an order information storage area 14
Information held by the delivery source display area 166, and information stored in the delivery source storage area 18 by the delivery source display area 167.
, Respectively. In addition, the scroll instruction area 16
When 8 is clicked, the display in the processing result display area 165 is scrolled according to the instruction. Also, the end area 16
When 9 is clicked, the output means 11 erases the display and ends the process.

If the data storage unit 10 holds digital map information, instead of the delivery source display screen 160 or in addition to the delivery source display screen 160, a map display screen 200 as shown in FIG. May be displayed.

The map display screen 200 has a map display area 201 for displaying the processing result and an end instruction area 169. When displaying this screen 200, the output means 13
Displays the map of the processing target area based on the digital map information in the map display area 201, and further displays the delivery area boundary line 202 of each base based on the information held in the delivery source storage area 18. Instead of displaying the boundary line 202, the display color of the delivery area or the delivery destination display may be different depending on the delivery source.

F. Total Cost Calculation Process (Step 703) (1) Process Flow Next, the total cost calculation process described above will be described with reference to FIG. In step 703, the total cost calculation means 121 first sets one of the bases registered in the base information storage area 15 as a processing target, and reads the base code of the processing target (step 701).

Subsequently, the total cost calculation means 121 reads from the base information storage area 15 the amount of each delivery item read from the order quantity storage area 143 corresponding to the processing target order number in the order information storage area 14. Manufacturing cost of the delivered product is multiplied by the cost to calculate the manufacturing cost of each delivered product, and the manufacturing cost of all delivered products is summed to calculate the total manufacturing cost value (step 1702).

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the transportation cost of each delivery product by multiplying the amount of each delivery product by the transportation cost cost of the delivery product read from the base information storage area 15. The total transportation cost value is calculated by summing the transportation costs of all delivered products (step 1703).

Further, the total cost calculation means 121 multiplies the amount of each delivered product by the base cost read from the base cost storage area 152 corresponding to the processing target base in the base information storage area 15 to obtain the total base cost. Calculate (step 1704).

Next, the total cost calculating means 121 reads the distance from the processing target base to the delivery destination of the processing target order from the distance information storage area 16 and the delivery cost based on this distance is stored in the base information storage area 15 Calculated using the fare function of the fare number corresponding to the processing base read from (stored in the fare information storage area 17) (step 1705), and the total manufacturing cost obtained in step 1702 and the step 1703. Total transportation cost, total base cost obtained in step 1704, and step 1705
The total cost when the target base is used is calculated by summing the delivery cost calculated in (1706).

Finally, the total cost calculation means 121 judges whether or not there is an unprocessed base, and if there is an unprocessed base, the process is returned to step 1701 and one of the unprocessed bases is set as a processing target. Processing described above (steps 1701 to 17)
07) is executed, and if there is no unprocessed base, the total cost calculation process (step 703) is ended.

(2) Specific Example Next, the total cost calculation process (step 703) will be specifically described by taking the case where the delivery destination (45) shown in FIG. 3 is the processing target as an example. Note that the order information, the base information, and the distance information are shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, and FIG. 1, respectively.
5 and the fare system shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C is used. As shown in FIG. 2, the delivery destination (45) is the delivery destination in the order with the order number [45], and as shown in FIG. 3, the delivery distance of the path 303 from the base A to the delivery destination 45 (actual running Distance) is 90
The delivery distance of the route 304 from the base B to the delivery destination 45 is 80 km, and the delivery distance of the route 304 from the base C to the delivery destination 45 is 25 km.

First, the total cost calculation means 121 determines that the base A
The processing in the case where is set as the processing target (step 701) will be described.

The total cost calculation means 121 first calculates the total manufacturing cost value (step 1702). The total manufacturing cost is the sum of the amount of each delivered product multiplied by the manufacturing cost. In the example used here, 100 (Kg) x 1.50 (yen / Kg) + 200 (Kg) x 1.42 (yen / Kg ) +300 (Kg) x 1.80
(Yen / Kg) + 200 (Kg) x 1.40 (Yen / Kg) + 50 (Kg) x
1.50 (yen / Kg) +0 (Kg) x 1.50 (yen / Kg) +400 (Kg)
× 1.50 (yen / Kg) = 1,929 yen.

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the total transportation cost value (step 1703). The total transportation cost is the sum of the amount of each delivered product multiplied by the transportation cost cost. However, since the base A is a manufacturing plant, the transportation cost is zero, and thus is 0 yen.

Subsequently, the total cost calculating means 121 calculates the total base cost (step 1704). The total base cost is the sum of the amount of delivered products multiplied by the base cost. In the example used here, 12 (yen / ton) x (100
(Kg) + 200 (Kg) + 300 (Kg) + 200 (Kg) + 50 (Kg)
+0 (Kg) +400 (Kg)) = 15 yen.

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the delivery cost based on the total amount of delivered items and the distance to the delivery destination (step 1705). In the example used here, the fare number 1 is used for delivery from the base A, that is, the fare system shown in FIG. 6A is used. Therefore, the delivery cost is 1.25 (ton) x 1480 (yen / 90 km / ton) = 1850
It becomes a circle.

Finally, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the total sum of the calculated costs (step 1706). In the example used here, the total cost is 1,929 (yen) + 0
(Yen) + 15 (yen) + 1,850 (yen) = 3,794 yen.

Similarly, the total cost of base B is 1451
(Yen) + 1055 (yen) + 625 (yen) + 1935 (yen) = 4,066 yen, the total cost of base C is 1929 (yen) + 1750 (yen)
+1125 (yen) +750 (yen) = 5,554 yen.

G. Effects of this Embodiment According to this embodiment, the base with the smallest total cost, which is the sum of the manufacturing cost and the physical distribution cost, is selected for all orders. A plan that minimizes is obtained.

In the case of the above order [45], the base selection means 122 selects the base A as the base with the smallest total cost in step 704, and this selection result is displayed in step 706. It will be. In this order [45], shipment from C, which is the closest base as the default shipping base, is specified. However, when shipping from base A, the cost is 1760 yen less than shipping from base C. It will be. This represents a cost reduction of about 32%.

According to the present embodiment, the boundaries of the delivery charge area of each base obtained by processing all the inputted orders [1] to [58] are shown by the one-dot chain line 302 in FIG. As can be seen from the figure, in the processing result of the present embodiment, the area in charge of the base A is greatly expanded and the area in charge of the base C is reduced as compared with the boundary 301 obtained by only the conventional distance. In addition, it retreats to base A in the area in charge of base B, and base C
Is widening towards.

As described above, when the optimum shipping base is determined for all orders and the cost for all orders is obtained, it is 3 with respect to the cost when the predetermined base is used.
The total cost of 0% or more was reduced.

As described above, when the delivery origin is determined using the transportation and delivery planning apparatus of this embodiment, a delivery base different from the conventional one may be the delivery origin, but a transporter, a truck driver, or the like. For me, there is almost no need to change the actual operation of the transportation business, because the work procedure does not change just because the area in charge changes. Further, since the transportation and delivery planning method of the present embodiment can be applied only by adding it to the conventional processing of printing out the shipping slip, the change of the conventional transportation and delivery business management system can be minimized. Therefore, the transportation / delivery planning method / apparatus of the present embodiment has an advantage that it can be easily applied to the conventional system and the cost for application is low.

<Embodiment 2> When the transportation / delivery planning method / apparatus of Embodiment 1 is used, if the balance of the amount of delivery means such as trucks installed at each base is not appropriate, the selected optimum In some cases, delivery from the shipping base cannot be performed due to lack of delivery means. In such a case, a truck or the like belonging to another base will drop in at the required shipping base,
It should be loaded and delivered.

However, in reality, it is often difficult to freely enter delivery means to a plurality of bases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, the transportation / delivery planning apparatus 180 of the present embodiment calculates the necessary amount of the delivery means 123 so that the delivery means can be arranged in advance.
And the delivery amount storage area 21 are provided, and the output unit 13 outputs the necessary amount of the delivery unit calculated by the delivery amount calculation unit 123 in addition to the delivery source information as in the first embodiment. To do. Further, in this embodiment, the base information includes a reference value (delivery reference value) of the daily delivery amount per delivery means. The other configuration of the transportation and delivery planning apparatus 180 of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment. Here, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the delivery means is only a truck.

The data storage unit 10 of this embodiment further includes a delivery amount storage area 21. This delivery amount storage area 21
As shown in FIG. 21, each has a storage area 211 for the total shipping amount and a storage area 212 for the required amount of delivery means for each base. In step 701, the input means 11 of the present embodiment performs the same processing as that of the first embodiment, and also the processing of reserving an area for the input base in the delivery amount storage area 21.

Further, in the base information storage area 15 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19, a delivery reference value storage area 157 for holding a delivery reference value for each base is further provided. The input means 11 of this embodiment uses step 701.
In, the input of the delivery reference value is also accepted as a part of the base information and is stored in the delivery reference value storage area 157.

The transportation and delivery plan planning means 12 of this embodiment further comprises a delivery amount calculation means 123. Delivery amount calculation means 1
The process of 23 is performed between step 705 and step 706 after the delivery source determination process is completed. FIG. 10 shows the flow of processing by the delivery amount calculation means 123.

The delivery amount calculating means 123 first adds up the delivery amounts of all the orders registered in the order information storage area 14 for each shipping base selected in step 704, and totals the shipping amount from each base. For each base,
It is stored in the total shipping amount storage area 211 of the delivery amount storage area 21 (step 101). Next, the delivery amount calculation means 123
Is obtained by dividing the obtained total shipment amount of each base by the reference value held in the delivery reference value storage area 157 corresponding to the base,
The required amount of delivery means for each base is calculated, and the delivery amount storage area 2
The data is stored in the required delivery means storage area 212 (step 201), and the process is terminated.

Since the required amount of delivery means for each base has been calculated as described above, the output means 13 to be activated next time.
In step 706, in addition to the output of the order information similar to that of the first embodiment, the output device 4 also outputs the required amount of the delivery means (track) read from the delivery means required amount storage area 212 of the delivery amount storage area 21. Output via.

According to the present embodiment, it is possible to arrange the necessary delivery means (truck) by referring to the delivered delivery amount, so that it is possible to avoid the situation that delivery cannot be performed due to the shortage of trucks. can do. As a result, it becomes possible to operate the service such as maintaining the delivery date without deteriorating the serviceability to the customer.

<Third Embodiment> The device 180 of the second embodiment is effective in the case where the number of trucks used for delivery can be increased, if known in advance. However, in many cases where the transportation / delivery system is not wide-area / cooperative, the number of trucks that can operate at each base has been set in advance, and each truck cannot enter a base other than the one to which it belongs. Usually there is. In such a case, the shortage of trucks cannot be arranged from other bases.
This will increase the delivery volume per unit, that is, increase the operating time of the truck. This results in an increase in costs due to the driver's working hours exceeding the prescribed working hours. Therefore, depending on the base, the delivery cost may be higher than the cost calculated by the total cost calculation means 121.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, an example of the transportation and delivery planning apparatus which determines the delivery source so that the delivery work at each base is leveled, taking into account the delivery capacity of the base, which is effective in such a case. Will be described. If the delivery operations at each base are leveled, it is possible to reduce the expenses such as extra fares outside the prescribed working hours, and as a result, it is possible to keep the total cost of all bases low.

As shown in FIG. 22, the transportation and delivery planning apparatus 220 of this embodiment is provided with leveling means 124 for leveling the load between the bases. Device 2 of this embodiment
Other configurations in 20 are almost the same as those in the second embodiment. Here, only the differences from the second embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the fare function is defined for each base. Further, in the present embodiment, the base information further includes the operable amount (the number) of the delivery means at that base, and like the delivery reference value storage area 157 in the second embodiment, it is possible to operate for each base. A storage area (not shown) for holding the amount is further provided in the base information storage area 15.

FIG. 11 shows the flow of processing in the transportation and delivery planning apparatus 220 of this embodiment. It should be noted that steps 111, 112, 113, 114, and
Reference numeral 118 denotes step 70 in the second embodiment, respectively.
1, 702-704, 705, 101-102, 706
Is the same process as. However, the input means 11 of the present embodiment
In step 111, as part of the base information,
In addition to the delivery reference value, the input of the operable amount of the delivery means is also received and stored in the above-mentioned operable amount storage area.

In this embodiment, when the delivery means required amount calculation processing (step 114) by the delivery amount calculation means 123, which is similar to steps 101 to 102 in the second embodiment, is finished, the leveling means 124 is then activated. It

The leveling means 124, first, for each base,
The required amount (the number of units) calculated in step 114 is
Operational capacity (number of units) that was input in step 111
Divide by to calculate the shortage rate of the delivery means. For example, if the required number is 100 and the operable number is 75, the deficit rate is 100/75 = 1.25.

Next, the leveling means 124 updates the fare function for each base so that the calculated fare has a value obtained by multiplying the fare before update by the shortage rate (step 11).
6). That is, assuming that the fare function before updating is f (x), the leveling means 124 creates a new function in the fare function storage area 171 of the fare information storage area 17 corresponding to the fare number applied to the processing target base. Store f (x) × (deficiency rate).

Finally, the leveling means 124 judges whether or not the leveling is completed (step 117). If the leveling is completed, the leveling process is terminated and the control is output to the output means 13 (step 118). hand over. If not completed, the leveling means 124 puts all orders in an unprocessed state and returns the process to step 112 (step 119). This allows
The shipping base is selected again using the newly set fare function.

In the present embodiment, the determination in step 118 is made as to whether the standard deviation of the insufficiency rate is ⅕ or less of the initial value, or whether the number of repetitions has reached a predetermined value. It can be done by doing. That is, if the standard deviation of the insufficiency rate is ⅕ or less of the initial value or if the number of repetitions reaches a predetermined value, it is determined that the leveling is completed. If the standard deviation of the insufficiency ratio is larger than 1/5 of the initial value and the number of repetitions has not reached a predetermined value, it is determined that the leveling has not been completed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, finally, the shipping base is selected so that the shortage rate of each base converges near a constant value.

Strictly speaking, the increase in delivery cost due to the shortage of delivery means should be calculated by the extra labor cost etc. outside the standard working hours, but as in this embodiment, the shortage rate of delivery means is calculated. It can also be approximately calculated by increasing or decreasing the fare. In this embodiment and each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the higher the fare, the smaller the area covered by the base.

According to this embodiment, even if the number and capacity of delivery means such as trucks that can be used on the day have already been determined, the cost of the entire delivery area can be minimized within the limited delivery capacity. Simple plans can be obtained easily and in a short time.

[0098]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a transportation / delivery plan that minimizes the cost of the entire transportation / delivery business in a very short time even in a transportation area having a wide area and many bases. Therefore, according to the present invention, since the total cost (cost) of a product / commodity can be minimized, a company, an organization, a business operator, etc. using the product can increase profits by reducing costs, and Has the effect of reducing the price.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional configuration diagram of a transportation and delivery planning apparatus according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a data structure of an order information storage area.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a processing target delivery area according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of product cost.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a data structure of a base information storage area in the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of a delivery fare system.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a transportation / delivery planning process in the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an order information input screen.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a base information input screen.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a necessary amount calculation process of the delivery means in the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a transportation / delivery planning process in the third embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a hardware configuration diagram of the transportation and delivery planning apparatus of the first embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example data structure of a fare information storage area.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a data structure of a delivery source information storage area.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example data structure of a distance information storage area.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a delivery source display screen.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a total cost calculation process.

FIG. 18 is a functional configuration diagram of the transportation and delivery planning apparatus of the second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a data structure of a base information storage area in the second embodiment.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a map display screen.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing an example data structure of a delivery amount storage area.

FIG. 22 is a functional configuration diagram of the transportation and delivery planning apparatus of the third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transport / delivery planning device, 2 ... Input device, 3 ... External storage device, 4 ... Output device, 5 ... Main storage device, 6 ... Central processing unit (CPU), 11 ... Input means, 12 ... Transport and delivery plan Planning means, 13 ... Output means, 14 ... Order information storage area, 15 ... Base information storage area, 16 ... Distance information storage area, 17 ... Fare information storage area, 18 ... Delivery source information storage area, 19 ... Order information file, 20 ... Planning database, 21 ... Delivery amount storage area, 121 Total cost calculating means, 122 ... Base selecting means, 123 ... Delivery amount calculating means,
124 ... Leveling means.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-7-230495 (JP, A) Science of Management Operations Research, Japan Operations Research Society, May 1, 1997, Volume 42 No. 5, p. 317-320 Nikkei Computer, Nikkei BP, June 10, 1996, No. 393, p. 138, 139 (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G06F 17/60 114 G06F 19/00 120 JISST file (JOIS)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A transportation / delivery planning apparatus for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations, a data storage unit for holding information, and a transportation / delivery for selecting the delivery source. The data storage unit includes a planning means and an output means for outputting the information of the selected delivery source, and the data storage unit stores an order information storage area for holding order information including the delivery amount of the cargo and the delivery destination information. A base information storage area for holding base information including a manufacturing or purchase cost of a product at the base, a transportation cost to the base, and a base cost for each base, the base and the delivery destination, A distance information storage area for holding distance information including information on a delivery distance between the items, and a fare information storage area for holding fare information including information on a fare in the delivery. The planning means, for each order, total cost calculation means for calculating the total cost when the delivery amount of the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order with the base as the delivery source, and for each order , out of the base, and the base selection means for selecting the smallest base of the total cost as delivery source of the order, for each of the base, the total of the delivery amount at each order
The means of delivery required to obtain the total and deliver the total delivery amount
Delivery amount calculation means for calculating the required amount of
The shortage rate of the delivery means is calculated, and the variation of the shortage rate is predetermined.
As a value below a leveling means <br/> of determining the delivery source, said output means further means for outputting a necessary amount of the delivery means which is the calculated
A transportation / delivery planning device characterized by being equipped with . 2. The transportation / delivery planning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the leveling means increases or decreases the delivery cost according to the shortage rate if the variation of the shortage rate is larger than the predetermined value. An transportation and delivery plan planning apparatus comprising means for recalculating costs and reselecting a delivery source.