JPH11102394A - Method and device for transportation planning and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively reduce the cost by calculating the total cost for distribution of orders to delivery destinations of the orders on the basis of the bases as distribution sources by the orders and bases, and selecting the base having the least calculated total cost as the distribution source for the order. SOLUTION: An input means 11 accepts external order information and base information, and secures a necessary area in a data storage part 10 to store the inputted information. The data storage part 10 has an order information storage area 14, a base information storage area 15, a distance information storage area 16, a charge information storage area 17, and a distribution source information storage area 18. A transportation planning means 12 is a means which selects a shipping base as a distribution source and equipped with a total cost calculating means 121 which calculates the total cost for the distribution of an ordered product from each base as to the order to be processed and a base selecting means 122 which selects the base having the least total cast and registers the base as the distribution source in the distribution source information storage area 18.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for planning a transportation and delivery plan, an apparatus using the method, and a storage medium holding a program for implementing the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when carrying out a transit and delivery plan for a wide area, loading and unloading of cargo (different destinations) is carried out so as to shorten the transit time or the operating distance of a transit means such as a truck. The load was placed on the same truck) and the operation route was examined, and based on the results, the shipping base for each order was determined. Details of these conventional technologies are described in, for example, "Super Logistics Revolution" (by Yoshiharu Katakata, published by Shobunin International) and "Book to Understand Logistics and Delivery" (by Shinya Nakata,
Japan Business Publishing Co., Ltd.), etc., including specific examples.
Note that in this specification, delivery of a load from a shipping base is referred to as delivery, and delivery of the load to the shipping base is referred to as transport.

[0003] When this conventional method is used, the transportation and delivery means such as trucks are reduced in transportation and delivery time and operating distance, and the delivery cost (from departure from a base such as a factory or a depot (intermediate base) to delivery destination). ) Can be kept low because it decreases in proportion to it. Products /
If the cost of manufacturing or import / purchase costs of the product / product is a large part of the price of the product / product, and the share of the transportation / delivery cost is small, it is considered that this conventional method is suitable, including serviceability to customers. I can say.

[0004]

However, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, a considerable portion of the total cost of manufacturing a product and delivering it to a customer (delivery destination) is a cost other than the delivery cost. Is occupied. In FIG. 4, the numbers in parentheses indicate the ratio of each cost to the total cost when the total cost is 100.

[0005] The total cost includes a manufacturing cost and a distribution cost as shown in FIG. When manufacturing products,
As in the example shown in FIG. 4A, manufacturing costs are roughly divided into material costs, processing costs, and costs. In addition, when a product is purchased, as shown in an example shown in FIG. 4B, the manufacturing cost (that is, the purchase cost) is roughly divided into a purchase cost and a transportation cost from a supplier. In any case, the distribution cost is composed of base costs (base costs, maintenance costs, etc.), transportation costs required for transportation between the bases, and delivery costs from the bases to the destinations.

[0006] In recent years, the prices of products and commodities have been drastically reduced due to a tremendous improvement in production efficiency and a reduction in labor wages, and the ratio of logistics costs to these has become extremely large. In such a situation, using a conventional method to carry out wide-area transportation from a plurality of bases provides good serviceability to customers (delivery on time, etc.), but wastes distribution costs. . For example, base A (factory) and base C
In the case of delivery to the customer a located exactly in the middle of the (depot), only the delivery cost is incurred when shipping from the factory A, but when shipping from the depot C, the transportation cost from the factory A to the depot C and the Delivery cost from C to customer a is incurred. Since the delivery from the depot C to the customer a returns to the factory A, the transportation cost here is completely wasted.

[0007] As described above, in a field where the distribution cost is not negligible compared to the production cost, or rather, it is not negligible that the cost other than the distribution occupied by the distribution cost is negligible. If the delivery cost is reduced, the base cost and the transportation cost may increase more than the reduction, and the conventional method of reducing only the delivery cost cannot sufficiently reduce the total cost effectively. Was.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for planning a transportation and distribution plan that can effectively reduce costs, a transportation and planning system using the method, and a storage medium holding a program that uses the method. The purpose is to provide.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transportation and delivery planning method for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations. ) An input step of receiving input of order information including information on a delivery amount and a delivery destination of the load;
(2) a total cost calculating step of calculating, for each order, a total cost when the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order, with the base serving as a delivery source, and (3)
A base selection step of selecting a base having the smallest calculated total cost as a delivery source of the order for each order.

Further, the present invention provides a machine-readable storage medium storing a program for realizing the method for planning a transportation and delivery.

[0011] Further, as an apparatus for drafting a transportation / delivery plan using this method, there is provided a transportation / delivery planning apparatus for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of destinations. Provided is a data storage unit for performing the transfer, a transportation and delivery plan planning means for selecting a delivery source, and an output means for outputting information on the selected delivery source.

[0012] The data storage unit in the transportation and delivery planning device of the present invention includes: an order information storage area for storing order information; a base information storage area for holding base information; a distance information storage area for holding distance information; A fare information storage area for holding fare information. The order information includes information on a delivery amount and a delivery destination of the load, and the base information includes, for each base, a manufacturing (or purchasing) cost of the product at the base and a transportation cost to the base, and operating and maintaining the base. Including the base cost for the information. The distance information includes information on a delivery distance between the base and the delivery destination, and the fare information includes
Includes fare information for delivery.

Further, the transportation / delivery planning means in the transportation / delivery planning apparatus of the present invention includes a total cost calculating means and a base selecting means. The total cost calculation means is a means for calculating, for each order, a total cost for each base, when the delivery amount of the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order using the base as a delivery source. The base selecting means is a means for selecting, for each order, a base having the smallest calculated total cost as a delivery source of the order.

The total cost includes the production (or purchase) cost of the load determined from the base information, the transportation cost of the load to the base, the base cost, and the delivery cost determined from the delivery amount and the fare information. Can be used. If the manufacturing costs of the products / products in stock at all bases are the same, the total cost does not need to include the manufacturing cost. If all bases are factories and transportation is unnecessary, the total cost does not need to include the transportation cost if the transportation is unnecessary. If the base costs of all the bases are the same, the total cost does not need to include the base cost.

However, in reality, the manufacturing cost and the transportation cost always fluctuate somewhat, and it is considered that there are few situations where these are always the same between bases. Therefore, it is desirable to include these in the total cost to minimize the actual cost. Further, as described above, since the manufacturing cost and the transportation cost are constantly changing, it is necessary to receive the input of these costs (that is, the input of the base information) when executing the transportation / delivery planning process. Is desirable.

Further, in the present invention, the total amount of delivery in each order is obtained for each base by the transportation / delivery planning means, and necessary for delivering the total amount of delivery based on the total amount of delivery. Delivery amount calculation means for calculating the required amount of the delivery means (the number and configuration of the transportation means such as trucks required for each base, etc.) is further provided, and the output means outputs the required amount of the delivery means. Is also good. In this way, the delivery means can be reasonably arranged at the base.

Further, in the present invention, the transportation / delivery planning unit obtains the shortage rate of the delivery means from the above-mentioned required amount of the delivery means for each base, so that the variation in the shortage rate becomes a predetermined value or less. Leveling means for determining a delivery source may be further provided. In this way, even when the number and configuration of the delivery means are determined in advance for each base, the cost of the entire delivery area can be minimized within the constraints of the determined delivery capacity. Can be.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment Next, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to an example in which a plurality of products are transported in a certain area.

First, the area to be transported and delivered will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, there are three bases, a manufacturing factory A, an intermediate base (depot) B at a harbor location, and an intermediate base (depot) C inland, as shown in FIG. Delivery destinations.

Since the base A is a factory, the produced products can be delivered directly to the delivery destination using a truck.
Further, transportation to the bases B and C by truck can be performed as needed. Since the base B is close to the port, it can receive so-called multi-mode (modal shift) transportation using various transportation means.
In the example used here, transportation from the factory A by coastal shipping, transportation by shipping from a foreign country, or transportation from the factory A by large truck is performed to the base B. Since the transportation to the base C is inland, it is performed by land transportation by truck. Delivery from the base B or C to the delivery destination is performed by truck.

The dotted line 301 shown in FIG. 3 indicates the boundary of the area in charge of each base determined by the conventional method. In the conventional method, in order to keep the delivery date and to minimize the delivery time and travel distance, the assigned area is determined according to the location of the base so that the delivery distance and time are minimized in the two-dimensional space. Performing logistics management / control using this seemingly optimal area in charge is difficult to extract as a problem despite the strong conditions that increase the total cost. In fact, there are many cases where the total cost is further increased by further shortening the total cost.

The transportation / delivery planning apparatus of this embodiment calculates, for each input order, the total value of the manufacturing cost, the base cost, and the transportation / delivery cost when the shipment is made at all the target shipping bases. , The base having the smallest total value is determined as the optimum base for the order. Therefore, according to the apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to select the shipping base so that the cost is minimized. Hereinafter, a transportation and delivery planning device of the present embodiment will be described.

A. Hardware Configuration As shown in FIG. 12, the transportation / delivery planning device 1 of the present embodiment includes an input device 2, an external storage device 3, an output device 4,
The information processing apparatus includes a main storage device 5 and a central processing unit (CPU) 6. In this embodiment, a keyboard and a mouse are used as the input device 2, and an image display device is used as the output device 4. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other input / output devices such as a touch sensor and a printer may be used. Further, the external storage device 3 includes a machine-readable storage medium such as a magnetic disk, a magnetic tape, an optical disk, or a magnetic optical disk.

B. Functional Configuration FIG. 1 shows a functional configuration of the transportation and delivery planning device 1 of the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, a dotted arrow indicates a control flow, and a solid arrow indicates a control flow.

The transportation and delivery planning apparatus 1 of this embodiment has a data storage unit 10 for holding information required for planning.
An input unit 11 for receiving an external input via the input device 2, a transportation / delivery planning unit 12 for selecting a shipping base based on information held in the data storage unit 10,
Output means 13 for outputting information indicating the selected shipping base via the output device 4.

The data storage unit 10 is a storage area secured in the main storage device 5. Further, in the present embodiment, the input means 11, the transportation / delivery planning means 12, and the output means 13
Is stored in a storage medium of the external storage device 3 in advance,
This is realized by the CPU 6 executing the program read into the main storage device 5. However, the present invention is not limited to such software.
Each of the units 11 to 13 may be realized by a hardware device including hard wired logic, a custom hardware device, or a combination of the hardware device with a general-purpose information processing device programmed with the hardware device.

C. As shown in FIG. 1, the data storage unit 10 includes an order information storage area 14 for storing order information input from the outside, which is instruction information of product transportation and delivery, and a function stored in each base. A base information storage area 15 for holding information, a distance information storage area 16 for holding distance information between each delivery destination in each delivery area and each base, and a distance information storage area 16 for holding fare information. A fare information storage area 17 and a delivery source information storage area 18 for holding a code indicating a selected delivery source base (shipping base) are provided. The data storage unit 1
0 may hold digital map information, customer information, and the like in addition to the above information.

The information held in the distance information storage area 16 and the fare information storage area 17 is stored in a planning database 20 (shown in FIG. 7) provided in a storage medium of the external storage device 3.
And are read into these storage areas of the main storage device 5 as necessary.

The order information storage area 14 and the base information storage area 15 store information input from outside. The delivery source information storage area 18 stores the processing results of the transportation / delivery planning unit 12. The information held in the order information storage area 14, base information storage area 15, and delivery source information storage area 18 is stored in an order information file 19 (shown in FIG. 7) provided in the storage medium of the external storage device 3.
Is written as appropriate.

(1) Order information storage area 14 The input delivery instruction information (order information) is managed by unique order numbers, and includes a number indicating a delivery destination, the number of products to be ordered, and the like. including. If the base to be shipped is already determined, a code indicating the default shipping base is further included.

As shown in FIG. 2, the order information storage area 14 for holding the order information includes an order number storage area 141, a delivery destination number storage area 142, and the number of products to be ordered (order quantity). ) Storage area 143,
And a storage area 144 for a default shipping base code. The order quantity storage area 143 is provided with an area for holding the order quantity of each product to be handled. The order information does not need to include the information of the default shipping base, and the order information storage area 14 does not need to provide the storage area 144 of the code of the default shipping base.

Each row of the order information storage area 14 holds one record of order information. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the order information of the order number [1] is the order from the delivery destination (1), and 100 kg for the product a and 1 for b.
00Kg, 100Kg for C and 100Kg for f are specified, and it is specified that the base uses A.

(2) Base Information Storage Area 15 The base information includes, for each base, a manufacturing (or purchase) cost (P. cost) at the base, a transportation cost to the base (T. cost), and a base cost. Base costs, which are the costs of using the base, such as
This is information including a fare number indicating a fare system used for delivery from the base. The transportation / delivery planning device 1 of this embodiment receives input of base information from the outside via the input device 2 and stores the base information in the base information storage area 15. The base information is prepared in the planning database 20 in advance.
The information may be read into the base information storage area 15 as needed.

As shown in FIG. 5, the base information storage area 15 for holding the base information includes a cost storage area 151, a base cost storage area 152, and a fare number storage area 153 for each base. Is provided. Cost storage area 1
51 is a storage area 154 of the cost of the product for each product.
Is provided. In the product cost storage area 154,
Storage area 1 for manufacturing (or purchasing) cost (P. cost)
55 and a storage area 156 for the transportation cost (T. cost) to the base. In the present embodiment, a unit price for the reference mass of the product is used as a unit of the cost, but another unit such as a unit price for the volume of the product may be used.

(3) Distance Information Storage Area 16 The distance information storage area 16 is a table for holding the delivery distance between each base and each delivery destination. As shown in FIG. It is an array that holds the delivery distance. When the data storage unit 10 holds digital map information, the delivery distance may be calculated from the map information without providing the distance information storage area 16. Further, in the present embodiment, the information on the delivery distance is stored in the planning database 20 in advance, but an external input may be received via the input device 2.

(4) Fare Information Storage Area 17 In this embodiment, three types of fare systems are used. The relationship between the delivery distance and the fare in each fare system is shown in Figs.
It is shown in (c). In the graph shown in FIG.
The delivery cost per ton (unit: yen / ton) and the horizontal axis represent the delivery distance (unit: Km). In the fare system 1 shown in FIG. 6A, it takes 1,480 yen to deliver a 1-ton load to a delivery destination 90 km away. In the fare system 2 shown in FIG. 6B, it takes 1,540 yen to deliver a 1-ton load to a delivery destination 80 km away. FIG. 6 (c)
In the fare system 3 shown in (1), it takes 600 yen to deliver one ton of cargo to a delivery destination 25 km away.

These fare systems can be represented by a function of a fare and a delivery distance (a fare function). As shown in FIG. 13, the fare information storage area 17 of this embodiment stores, for each number (fare number) assigned to the fare system, a fare function storage for storing the fare function of the fare system corresponding to the number. An area 171 is provided. In this embodiment, the fare function information is prepared in advance in the planning database 20 and is read into the fare function storage area 171 as needed. You may.

The fare function is obtained by linearly regressing the fare and the delivery distance. However, fares are generally non-linear functions and vary depending on the type and scale of the means of transport, and may vary from carrier to carrier. In such a case, the fare function is calculated by a method such as linear regression of the fare in the available transportation mode / scale by the least squares method, or a linear regression of the average value of the fare in the available transportation mode / scale. Just ask.

Further, instead of holding the fare function as in the present embodiment, a correspondence table between the fare and the delivery distance may be held, and the fare may be obtained by referring to this table.

(5) Delivery source information storage area 18 As shown in FIG. 14, the delivery source information storage area 18 stores, for each order number, a code of a shipping base that should perform delivery in accordance with the order indicated by the order number. And a shipping base storage area 181 for storing In this embodiment, the information held in the order information storage area 14 and the delivery source information storage area 18 is stored in the order information file 19 in the form of one table, but is stored in separate tables or files. You may make it.

D. Processing Units 11 to 12 (1) Input Unit 11 The input unit 11 receives input of order information and base information from the outside via the input device 2 and
This is a means for securing a necessary area for storing the input information.

(2) Transportation / Delivery Planning Unit 12 The transportation / distribution planning unit 12 is a unit for selecting a shipping base serving as a delivery source. As shown in FIG. 1, the transportation / delivery planning unit 12 calculates a total cost calculation unit 121 for calculating a total cost when a product ordered from each base is delivered for a processing target order, and a base having the smallest total cost. Is selected, and the delivery source information storage area 18 is set with the base as the delivery source.
And a base selecting means 122 for registering the information.

(3) Output Means 13 The output means 13 is means for outputting the shipping base registered in the delivery source information storage area 18 via the output device 4.

E. FIG. 7 shows a flow of processing in the transportation / delivery planning device 1 of the present embodiment. Illustration of steps related to reading from a file or writing to a file is omitted.

(1) Input Process (Step 701) When the transportation and delivery planning device 1 is started, first, the input means 11 receives input of order information and base information from the outside via the input device 2. Next, input means 11
Assigns an order number to the input order information, secures a storage area corresponding to the order number in the order information storage area 14 and the delivery source information storage area 18, and stores the input order information in the order information storage area. 14 areas 141 to 1
44, and further stores the input base information in the base information storage area 15. Finally, the input unit 11 stores the contents of the order information storage area 14 in the order information file 19.
Then, the contents of the base information storage area 15 are written in the planning database 20 respectively.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an input screen for order information and FIG. 9 shows an example of an input screen for base information in this embodiment.

The order information input screen 80 has an order table display area 81 having the same format as the order information storage area 14, an order addition instruction area 86, an order deletion instruction area 87, and a next screen instruction area 88. The order table display area 81 includes a header display area 89 and an order information input area 82 for receiving input of order information. The order information input area 82 is provided for each order, and includes an input receiving area 83 for a delivery destination number, an input receiving area 84 for an order quantity for each product, and an input receiving area 85 for a default shipping base.

The input means 11 includes an order addition instruction area 86
Is clicked, an order information input area 82 with a new order number is added to the order table display area 81, inputs to the respective areas 83 to 85 of the area 82 are accepted, and the input information is 82. When the order deletion instruction area 87 is clicked, the input means 1
1 accepts designation of the order information input area 82 by the mouse, and erases the designated area. Next screen instruction area 8
When 8 is clicked, the input means 11 stores the information displayed in the order table display area 81 as order information in the order information storage area 14 and displays the base information input screen 90 shown in FIG. And accept input.

The base information input screen 90 has a base table display area 9 having the same format as the base information storage area 15.
1, a base addition instruction area 98, a base deletion instruction area 99, and an end instruction area 79.

The base table display area 91 includes a header display area 78 and a base information input area 92 for receiving input of base information. A base information input area 92 is provided for each base, and an input reception area 93 for a base name (base code), a production (purchase) cost input reception area 94 and a transportation cost input reception area 95 for each product.
And a base cost input receiving area 96 and a delivery fare system number input receiving area 97 for delivery from the base.

When the base addition instruction area 98 is clicked, the input means 11 adds a new base information input area 92 to the base table display area 91,
Inputs to 3 to 97 are accepted, and the input information is displayed in the area 92. When the base deletion instruction area 99 is clicked, the input unit 11 accepts the specification of the base information input area 92 with the mouse, and deletes the specified area. Further, when the end instruction area 79 is clicked, the input means 11 stores the information displayed in the base table display area 91 as base information in the base information storage area 15 and ends the input processing.

(2) Delivery Source Determination Processing Next, the total cost calculation means 1 of the transportation / delivery planning means 12
21 reads information from the order information file 19 and the planning database 20 and stores it in the order information storage area 1.
4. After storing in the base information storage area 15, the distance information storage area 16 and the fare information storage area 17, order information to be processed is read from the order information storage area 14 (step 702), and the base information storage area 15, the distance Based on the information held in the information storage area 16 and the fare information storage area 17, the total cost required to deliver the processing target order from all the bases registered in the base information storage area 15. (Step 70)
3).

When the total cost has been calculated for all the bases, the base selecting means 122 of the transportation / planning means 12 selects the base having the lowest calculated total cost, and assigns a code indicating the base to the base. Delivery source information storage area 18
Shipping base storage area 1 corresponding to the order number to be processed
81 (step 704).

The above-mentioned delivery source determination processing (steps 702 to 702)
704), the delivery source for one order is determined. Next, the total cost calculation means 121 determines whether or not unprocessed order information remains in the order information storage area 14 (step 705). ), If it remains, the process returns to step 702 to execute the delivery source determination process (steps 702 to 704) for the unprocessed order;
In step 705, if there are no unprocessed orders, the total cost calculation means 121
The information held by 81 is stored in the order information file 19. In this embodiment, the delivery source determination process is performed for all the registered order information.
, And the delivery source may be determined only for the specified order information.

(3) Output Processing (Step 706) Finally, the output means 13 reads the information of the order information storage area 14 and the delivery source storage area 18 from the order information file 19 and displays them on the display screen of the output device 4. (Step 706). FIG. 16 shows an example of the delivery source display screen displayed here.

The delivery source display screen 160 has a display area 161 of the processing result, a scroll instruction area 168 and an end area 169. Processing result table display area 161
Are the display area 162 of the header and the display area 1 of the processing result.
65. The processing result display area 165 includes a plurality of rows 164 provided for each order number.
4 includes an order information display area 166 having the same format as the order information input area 82 and a delivery source display area 167.

The output means 13 includes an order information storage area 14
Is stored in the order information display area 166, and the information stored in the delivery source storage area 18 is stored in the delivery source display area 167.
, Respectively. Also, the scroll instruction area 16
When 8 is clicked, the display in the processing result display area 165 is scrolled according to the instruction. Also, the end area 16
When 9 is clicked, the output means 11 deletes the display and ends the processing.

When the data storage unit 10 holds digital map information, the map display screen 200 shown in FIG. 20 is used instead of or in addition to the delivery source display screen 160. May be displayed.

The map display screen 200 has a map display area 201 for displaying the processing result and an end instruction area 169. When this screen 200 is displayed, the output unit 13
Displays the map of the processing target area based on the digital map information in the map display area 201, and further displays the boundary line 202 of the delivery area of each base based on the information held in the delivery source storage area 18. Instead of displaying the boundary line 202, the display color of the delivery area or the delivery destination display may be different depending on the delivery source.

F. Total Cost Calculation Process (Step 703) (1) Process Flow Next, the above-described total cost calculation process will be described with reference to FIG. In step 703, the total cost calculation unit 121 sets one of the bases registered in the base information storage area 15 as a processing target, and reads a base code to be processed (step 701).

Subsequently, the total cost calculation means 121 reads out from the base information storage area 15 the amount of each delivery item read out from the order quantity storage area 143 corresponding to the order number to be processed in the order information storage area 14. The production cost of each delivery item is calculated by multiplying the production cost cost of the delivery item, and the total production cost value is calculated by summing the production costs of all the delivery items (step 1702).

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the transportation cost of each delivery item by multiplying the amount of each delivery item by the transportation cost cost of the delivery item read from the base information storage area 15, The total transport cost value is calculated by summing the transport costs of all the delivered items (step 1703).

Further, the total cost calculating means 121 multiplies the quantity of each of the above-mentioned delivery items by the base cost read from the base cost storage area 152 of the base information storage area 15 corresponding to the base to be processed, and calculates the total base cost. It is calculated (step 1704).

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 reads the distance from the processing target base to the delivery destination of the processing target order from the distance information storage area 16, and stores the delivery cost based on this distance in the base information storage area 15. Is calculated using the fare function (stored in the fare information storage area 17) of the fare number corresponding to the processing target base read out from (step 1705), the total manufacturing cost obtained in step 1702, and the total manufacturing cost obtained in step 1703. The total transportation cost, the total base cost calculated in step 1704, and step 1705.
The total cost is calculated by summing the delivery cost obtained in step 1 with the processing target base (step 1706).

Finally, the total cost calculation means 121 determines whether there is an unprocessed base, and if there is an unprocessed base, returns to step 1701 to set any one of the unprocessed bases as a processing target. The above processing (steps 1701 to 17
07), and if there are no unprocessed bases, the total cost calculation process (step 703) ends.

(2) Specific Example Next, the total cost calculation processing (step 703) will be specifically described by taking a case where the delivery destination (45) shown in FIG. 3 is to be processed as an example. The order information, the base information and the distance information are respectively shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, and FIG.
5 and the fare system shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C is used. As shown in FIG. 2, the delivery destination (45) is a delivery destination in the order of the order number [45], and as shown in FIG. 3, the delivery distance of the route 303 from the base A to the delivery destination 45 (the actual running distance). Distance) is 90
km, the delivery distance of the route 304 from the base B to the delivery destination 45 is 80 km, and the delivery distance of the route 304 from the base C to the delivery destination 45 is 25 km.

First, the total cost calculation means 121 determines that the base A
The processing in the case where is targeted for processing (step 701) will be described.

The total cost calculation means 121 first calculates a total manufacturing cost value (step 1702). The total manufacturing cost is the sum of the amount of each delivery product multiplied by the manufacturing cost. In the example used here, 100 (Kg) x 1.50 (yen / Kg) + 200 (Kg) x 1.42 (yen / Kg) ) +300 (Kg) × 1.80
(Yen / Kg) + 200 (Kg) x 1.40 (yen / Kg) + 50 (Kg) x
1.50 (yen / Kg) + 0 (Kg) x 1.50 (yen / Kg) + 400 (Kg)
X 1.50 (yen / Kg) = 1,929 yen.

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates a total transportation cost value (step 1703). The total transportation cost is the sum of the amount of each delivery product multiplied by the transportation cost cost. However, since the base A is a manufacturing factory, no transportation cost is required, and thus the total transportation cost is 0 yen.

Subsequently, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the total base cost (step 1704). The total base cost is the sum of the amount of goods to be delivered multiplied by the base cost. In the example used here, 12 (yen / ton) × (100
(Kg) +200 (Kg) +300 (Kg) +200 (Kg) +50 (Kg)
+0 (Kg) + 400 (Kg)) = 15 yen.

Next, the total cost calculation means 121 calculates the delivery cost based on the total amount of the delivery item and the distance to the delivery destination (step 1705). In the example used here, the delivery from the base A uses the fare number 1, that is, the fare system shown in FIG. Therefore, the delivery cost is 1.25 (ton) x 1480 (yen / 90km · ton) = 1850
It becomes a circle.

Finally, the total cost calculation means 121 obtains the sum of the calculated costs (step 1706). In the example used here, the total cost is 1,929 (yen) + 0
(Yen) + 15 (yen) + 1,850 (yen) = 3,794 yen.

Similarly, the total cost of base B is 1451
(Yen) + 1055 (yen) + 625 (yen) + 1935 (yen) = 4,066 yen, the total cost of Base C is 1929 (yen) + 1750 (yen)
+1125 (yen) +750 (yen) = 5,554 yen.

G. According to the present embodiment, the base having the smallest total cost, which is the sum of the manufacturing cost and the distribution cost, is selected for each of the orders. Is obtained.

In the case of the order [45] described above, in step 704, the base selecting means 122 selects the base A as the base having the smallest total cost, and the selection result is displayed in step 706. Will be. In this order [45], shipment from the closest base C is specified as the default shipping base. However, shipping from base A costs 1760 yen less than shipping from base C. Will be. This has reduced costs by about 32%.

The dashed line 302 in FIG. 3 shows the boundary of the delivery area of each base obtained by processing all the orders [1] to [58] according to the present embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, in the processing result of the present embodiment, the assigned area of the base A is greatly expanded and the assigned area of the base C is reduced as compared with the conventional boundary 301 obtained only by the distance. Also, retreat to base A in the area in charge of base B, base C
Spread toward.

As described above, the optimum shipping base is determined for all orders, and the cost for all orders is obtained.
A total cost of 0% or more was reduced.

As described above, when a delivery source is determined using the transportation and delivery planning apparatus of this embodiment, a delivery base may be a different base from the conventional one. For, there is almost no need to change the actual operation of the transportation and delivery business because the work procedure does not change just because the area in charge is changed. In addition, since the transportation and delivery planning method of the present embodiment can be applied only by adding it to the conventional processing for printing out shipping slips, changes in the conventional transportation and delivery business management system can be minimized. Therefore, the transportation / delivery planning method / apparatus of this embodiment has an advantage that it can be easily applied to a conventional system and that the cost for application is low.

<Embodiment 2> When the transportation / delivery planning method / apparatus of Embodiment 1 is used, if the balance of the amount of delivery means such as trucks provided at each base is not appropriate, the selected optimal In some cases, delivery from the shipping base cannot be performed due to lack of delivery means. In such a case, a truck belonging to another base stops at the requested shipping base,
Loading and delivery may be performed.

However, in reality, it is often difficult to freely enter the delivery means to a plurality of bases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, the transport / delivery planning device 180 of this embodiment includes a delivery amount calculating unit 123 that calculates a required amount of the delivery unit so that the delivery unit can be arranged in advance.
And a delivery amount storage area 21. The output unit 13 outputs the necessary amount of the delivery unit calculated by the delivery amount calculation unit 123 in addition to the delivery source information similar to the first embodiment. I do. Further, in this embodiment, the base information includes a reference value (delivery reference value) of the daily delivery amount per delivery means. Other configurations of the transportation / delivery planning device 180 of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Here, only differences from the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the delivery means is a truck only.

The data storage unit 10 of this embodiment further includes a delivery amount storage area 21. This delivery amount storage area 21
As shown in FIG. 21, each base has a storage area 211 of the total shipment amount and a storage area 212 of the required amount of the delivery means. In step 701, the input unit 11 of this embodiment performs, in addition to the same processing as in the first embodiment, a process of securing an area for the input base in the delivery amount storage area 21.

As shown in FIG. 19, the base information storage area 15 of this embodiment is further provided with a delivery reference value storage area 157 for holding a delivery reference value for each base. The input unit 11 according to the present embodiment includes a step 701.
, The input of the delivery reference value is also accepted as part of the base information, and stored in the delivery reference value storage area 157.

The transportation / delivery planning unit 12 of this embodiment further includes a delivery amount calculation unit 123. Delivery amount calculation means 1
The processing by 23 is performed between step 705 and step 706 after the end of the delivery source determination processing. FIG. 10 shows the flow of processing by the delivery amount calculation means 123.

The delivery amount calculating means 123 first integrates the delivery amounts of all the orders registered in the order information storage area 14 for each shipping base selected in step 704, and calculates the total shipping amount from each base. And for each base,
It is stored in the total shipping amount storage area 211 of the delivery amount storage area 21 (step 101). Next, the delivery amount calculation means 123
Is obtained by dividing the obtained total shipment amount of each base by the reference value held in the delivery reference value storage area 157 corresponding to the base,
The required amount of the delivery means for each base is determined, and the delivery amount storage area 2
The information is stored in the first delivery means required amount storage area 212 (step 201), and the process ends.

As described above, the required amount of the delivery means for each base has been calculated.
In step 706, in addition to the output of the order information as in the first embodiment, the output device 4 also outputs the required amount of the delivery means (track) read from the delivery means required amount storage area 212 of the delivery amount storage area 21. Output via.

According to the present embodiment, it is possible to arrange necessary delivery means (truck) by referring to the output delivery amount, thereby avoiding a situation in which delivery cannot be performed due to shortage of trucks. can do. As a result, it is possible to perform operations that do not reduce the serviceability to customers, such as maintaining the delivery date.

<Embodiment 3> The apparatus 180 of Embodiment 2 is effective if the number of trucks used for delivery can be increased if it is known in advance. However, in many cases, where the transport / delivery system is not wide-area / unified, the number of trucks that can operate at each base is predetermined, and each truck cannot enter any base other than its own base. Usually there is. In such a case, the shortage of the truck cannot be arranged from another base.
This increases the amount of delivery per vehicle, that is, increases the operating time of the truck. This results in an increase in cost due to the working hours of the driver or the like exceeding the predetermined working hours. Therefore, depending on the base, the delivery cost may be higher than the cost calculated by the total cost calculation unit 121.

Therefore, in this embodiment, an example of a transport / delivery planning device which determines a delivery source so as to equalize the delivery business at each base, taking into account the delivery capacity of the base, effective in such a case. Will be described. If the delivery work at each base is leveled, expenses such as extra fares outside the predetermined working hours can be suppressed, and as a result, the total cost of all bases can be kept low.

As shown in FIG. 22, the transportation / delivery planning device 220 of this embodiment is provided with leveling means 124 for leveling the load between bases. Apparatus 2 of this embodiment
The other configuration in 20 is almost the same as that in the second embodiment. Here, only the differences from the second embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the fare function is defined for each base. In the present embodiment, the base information further includes the operable amount (number) of the delivery means at the base, and the base unit information is operable for each base similarly to the delivery reference value storage area 157 in the second embodiment. A storage area (not shown) for holding the amount is further provided in the base information storage area 15.

FIG. 11 shows the flow of processing in the transportation and delivery planning device 220 of this embodiment. Steps 111, 112, 113, 114 in the processing of the present embodiment,
Reference numeral 118 denotes a step 70 in the second embodiment.
1, 702 to 704, 705, 101 to 102, 706
This is the same processing as. However, the input unit 11 of the present embodiment
In step 111, as part of the base information,
In addition to the delivery reference value, the input of the operable amount of the delivery means is also accepted and stored in the operable amount storage area described above.

In this embodiment, when the delivery amount calculating unit 123 completes the required amount calculation process (step 114) by the delivery amount calculating unit 123, as in steps 101 to 102 in the second embodiment, then the leveling unit 124 is activated. You.

The leveling means 124 firstly sets, for each base,
The required amount (number) calculated in step 114 is
Operable amount (number) accepted in step 111
To calculate the shortage rate of the delivery means. For example, if the required number is 100 and the operable number is 75, the shortage rate is 100/75 = 1.25.

Next, the leveling means 124 updates the fare function for each base so that the calculated fare is a value obtained by multiplying the fare before update by the shortage rate (step 11).
6). That is, assuming that the fare function before the update is f (x), the leveling means 124 stores the new function in the fare function storage area 171 corresponding to the fare number applied to the processing target base in the fare information storage area 17. f (x) × (insufficient rate) is stored.

Finally, the leveling means 124 determines whether or not the leveling has been completed (step 117). If the leveling has been completed, the leveling process is terminated and control is passed to the output means 13 (step 118). hand over. If the processing has not been completed, the leveling means 124 returns all the orders to the unprocessed state and returns the processing to step 112 (step 119). This allows
The shipping base is selected again using the newly set fare function.

In this embodiment, the determination in step 118 is to determine whether the standard deviation of the deficiency ratio is equal to or less than 1/5 of the initial value or whether the number of repetitions has reached a predetermined value. It is done by doing. That is, if the standard deviation of the deficiency rate is equal to or less than 1/5 of the initial value or the number of repetitions has reached a predetermined value, it is determined that leveling has been completed. If the standard deviation of the shortage ratio is larger than 1/5 of the initial value and the number of repetitions does not reach a predetermined value, it is determined that leveling has not been completed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the shipping base is finally selected such that the shortage rate of each base converges to a vicinity of a certain value.

It should be noted that the increase in the delivery cost due to the shortage of the delivery means should be strictly calculated based on the extra labor cost etc. outside the standard working hours. It can also be approximated by increasing or decreasing the fare. In this embodiment and the above-described embodiments, if the fare increases, the area in charge of the base is reduced.

According to this embodiment, even if the number and capacity of delivery means such as trucks that can be used on the day are already determined, the cost of the entire delivery area is minimized among the limited delivery capacity. Planning can be obtained easily and in a short time.

[0098]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain, in a very short time, a transportation and delivery plan which minimizes the cost of the entire transportation and delivery business even in a delivery area having a wide area and many bases. Therefore, according to the present invention, the total cost (cost) of a product / commodity can be minimized, so that a company, an organization, a business person, etc. using the same can increase profits by reducing costs, and Has the effect that the price can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional configuration diagram of a transportation and delivery planning device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a data structure of an order information storage area.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a delivery area to be processed according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of a product cost.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a data structure of a base information storage area according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of a delivery fare system.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a transportation / delivery planning process according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an input screen for order information.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an input screen for base information.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a required amount calculation process of a delivery unit according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a transportation / delivery planning process according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a hardware configuration diagram of the transportation and delivery planning device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure example of a fare information storage area.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a data structure of a delivery source information storage area.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a data structure of a distance information storage area.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a delivery source display screen.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a total cost calculation process.

FIG. 18 is a functional configuration diagram of the transportation and delivery planning device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a data structure of a base information storage area according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a map display screen.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a data structure of a delivery amount storage area.

FIG. 22 is a functional configuration diagram of the transportation / delivery planning device according to the third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transportation delivery planning device, 2 ... Input device, 3 ... External storage device, 4 ... Output device, 5 ... Main storage device, 6 ... Central processing unit (CPU), 11 ... Input means, 12 ... Transportation delivery plan Planning means, 13 ... output means, 14 ... order information storage area, 15 ... base information storage area, 16 ... distance information storage area, 17 ... fare information storage area, 18 ... delivery source information storage area, 19 ... order information file, 20: planning database, 21: delivery amount storage area, 121 total cost calculation means, 122: base selection means, 123: delivery amount calculation means,
124 ... leveling means.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A transportation and delivery planning system for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations, a data storage unit for storing information, and a delivery and delivery system for selecting the delivery source. An order information storage area for storing order information including information on the amount of delivery of the load and information on the destination of delivery, comprising: planning means; and output means for outputting information on the selected delivery source. For each of the bases, a product, a manufacturing or purchase cost at the base, and a transportation cost to the base, a base information storage area for storing base information including base costs, the base and the delivery destination, A distance information storage area for holding distance information including information on a delivery distance between the two, and a fare information storage area for holding fare information including information on a fare in the delivery. Planning means, for each of the orders, for each of the bases, a total cost calculation means for calculating a total cost when the delivery amount of the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order from the base as a delivery source; And a base selecting means for selecting a base having the smallest total cost among the bases as a delivery source of the order. 2. The transportation and planning system according to claim 1, wherein the total cost is a production or purchase cost of the load determined from the base information, and the distribution of the load determined from the base information. The cost of transportation to the base, the base cost of the base as the delivery source obtained from the base information, and the base from the base of the delivery obtained from the delivery amount and the fare information. A transportation and delivery planning device characterized in that the total is the total of the delivery costs up to and including the delivery cost. 3. The transportation / planning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising input means for receiving input of said order information and said base information and storing them in said order information storage area and said base information storage area. An transportation and delivery planning device. 4. The transportation and delivery planning device according to claim 1, wherein said data storage unit further comprises a storage area for holding map information of said delivery area, and said output means delivers using said map information. A transportation / delivery planning device, further comprising means for displaying a map of an area and displaying the relationship between the selected delivery source and delivery destination on the map. 5. The transportation / delivery planning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transportation / delivery planning means obtains a total of the delivery amount in each of the orders for each of the bases, and delivers the total delivery amount. And a delivery amount calculating means for calculating a required amount of the delivery means required for the transportation, and the output means further comprises means for outputting the required amount of the calculated delivery means. . 6. The transportation and delivery planning device according to claim 5, wherein the transportation and delivery planning unit obtains a shortage rate of the delivery unit from the calculated required amount of the delivery unit for each of the bases. A transportation and delivery planning device, further comprising leveling means for determining the delivery source so that the variation in the shortage ratio is equal to or less than a predetermined value. 7. The transportation and planning system according to claim 6, wherein the leveling means increases or decreases the delivery cost according to the shortage rate if the variation in the shortage rate is larger than the predetermined value. A transportation and delivery planning device, comprising means for recalculating costs and reselecting a delivery source. 8. A transportation / delivery planning method for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations, comprising: an input for receiving input of order information including information on a delivery amount of a load and a delivery destination. Steps: For each of the orders, for each of the bases, a total cost calculation step of calculating a total cost when the delivery amount of the order is delivered to the delivery destination of the order from the base as a delivery source; Selecting a base having the smallest total cost among the bases as a delivery source of the order. 9. A machine-readable storage medium holding a program for realizing a transportation and delivery planning method for selecting a delivery source in a delivery area including a plurality of bases and a plurality of delivery destinations. The planning method includes: an input step of receiving input of order information including information on a delivery amount of a load and a delivery destination; and for each of the orders, for each of the bases, to the delivery destination of the order with the base as a delivery source. A total cost calculating step of calculating a total cost in the case of delivering the delivery amount of the above, and a base selecting step of selecting a base having the smallest total cost among the bases as a delivery source of the order for each order. A storage medium comprising: a storage medium;