JP3306274B2 - Electric car - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric vehicle that travels with an electric driving force using an electric motor as a driving source, and can be manually driven by a user while the electric driving force is stopped.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of electric vehicle has been disclosed in
No. 574 (B62M 23/02), two drive systems, a human drive system and an electric drive system, are provided in parallel, and a flywheel diode is connected in parallel to the electric motor to form a closed loop. A switch for braking release is provided, and the switch closes when moving forward and opens when moving backward, so that no short-circuit current flows in the closed loop when moving backward.
2. Description of the Related Art There is known an electric vehicle that can be easily moved backward by hand.

However, in such an electric vehicle, a self-holding circuit is provided to open the closed loop, and the switch is turned on and off by this. Therefore, the cost is increased by the amount of the self-holding circuit. And the circuit configuration becomes complicated to provide this circuit.

The switch switched by the self-holding circuit is not described in the above specification, but is usually a mechanical switch. The switch may be damaged or the switch may be turned on and off by itself, which may cause a failure in energizing the motor.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, and has as its object to provide an electric vehicle which has a simple structure and is easy to use when pushed by hand.

[0006]

[0007]

[0008]

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric motor driven by a battery, and a driving element connected in series with the electric motor to drive and control the electric motor, and connected in parallel with the electric motor. A thyristor forming a closed loop together with an electric motor, and a zener diode connected between the gate and the anode of the thyristor in a direction opposite to the thyristor is provided.

[0010] When the vehicle travels, the power supply to the motor is controlled by, for example, PWM control by the drive element, and the rotation of the motor is controlled using a battery as a power source.

When stopping, the drive of the motor stops when the drive element stops operating, and the running of the electric vehicle stops. Here, for example, when the user pushes the hand in the opposite direction to the running direction, the manual operation causes the electric motor to rotate in the opposite direction to the normal running direction. Therefore, a generated voltage is generated in the motor, and current tends to flow in the closed loop.However, when the speed is not too high, that is, when the generated voltage of the motor is low, only a voltage lower than the zener voltage is applied to the zener diode. The thyristor keeps this closed loop open and no current flows. That is, a load is not applied to the user who is manually pushing.
Here, for example, when the speed of the hand pushing is increased, the generated voltage of the motor increases, and the voltage applied to the Zener diode becomes higher than the Zener voltage, so that the thyristor is turned ON.
Dynamic braking is applied. Therefore, it is very safe without moving backward at high speed. At this time, in a normal reverse state, a zener diode rated so as not to exceed this zener voltage is used. Furthermore, during normal driving, PW
When the M-control is OFF, a flyback voltage exceeding the Zener voltage is applied, so that the thyristor operates in the same manner as a normal flywheel diode.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric drive system for driving a motor with a manual drive system based on a manual drive force and a drive force corresponding to a detection value of a torque detection unit for detecting a human torque of the human drive system. The electric drive system, a switching element connected in series with the electric motor, a flywheel diode that is connected in parallel to the electric motor and the switching element in series to form a closed loop, and that is connected in series with the closed loop, A drive element for controlling the driving of the electric motor, and a control circuit for controlling the closing of the switching element until the fluctuation of the human-powered torque becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value when the torque detection unit becomes equal to or more than a predetermined value regardless of the traveling speed. Is provided.

According to the above configuration, when the vehicle starts traveling, torque starts to be applied to the torque detecting section of the manual drive section, and the switching element is turned on when the torque reaches a predetermined value.
Then, the motor is driven, and the driving element is controlled to output an output according to the magnitude of the torque of the torque detector, thereby driving the motor. When the vehicle stops running, the torque detecting unit changes the human-operated torque below a predetermined value, so that the switching element is switched from ON to OFF, maintains the OFF state, and the closed loop including the electric motor and the diode maintains the open state. This prevents the motor from being energized. At this time, when the user tries to run the vehicle by hand, the electric motor tries to generate power by rotating. However, since the switching element provided between the flywheel diode and the motor maintains the OFF state, no current flows through this closed loop. That is, even if the user travels by hand, the switching element is off unless torque is applied, so that the braking by the power generation of the electric motor is not applied.

Further, during traveling, the switching element is
If N, the ON is maintained even if the human torque becomes a predetermined value or less for a while, so that the ON / OFF is not performed more than necessary and the life of the switching element is not shortened. In addition, since the switching element uses a semiconductor element, a time lag is small and an electric driving force can be accurately output.

Further, according to the third aspect of the present invention, an electric drive system for driving the electric motor with a human-powered driving system based on a human-powered driving force and a driving force corresponding to a detection value of a torque detecting unit for detecting a human-powered torque of the human-powered driving system. The electric drive system, a switching element connected in series with the electric motor, a flywheel diode that is connected in parallel to the electric motor and the switching element in series to form a closed loop, and that is connected in series with the closed loop, A drive element for driving and controlling the electric motor and a control circuit for controlling to open the switching element and shift to the power saving mode when a state where the pedaling force is equal to or less than a predetermined value has elapsed for a predetermined time regardless of the traveling speed are provided. And

In this case, while the vehicle is traveling, the switching element continues to be kept ON, and the electric motor is driven according to the signal of the torque detecting section, as in the case of the above-described second aspect. When the vehicle enters the stop state, that is, when the state where the human torque is equal to or less than the predetermined value has elapsed for a predetermined time, a closed loop is formed within the predetermined time, but after a predetermined time, the switching element is turned off.
By pressing F, the closed loop is opened and the electromotive force of the motor does not flow. In other words, the current generated by the electric motor does not flow in the manually pushed state after the predetermined time. At the same time, the control circuit is shifted to the power saving mode to maintain the standby state.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the switching element is connected in series with the electric motor, and is opened when the control circuit detects an abnormal state. Further, when an abnormality occurs, the power supply to the motor is stopped, so that the motor can be stopped instantaneously, which is very safe. The abnormal state at this time is when an impossible value is input from the torque detector or when the current value of the electric motor becomes abnormally large or small.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, taking an electric bicycle as an example.

First, the overall configuration of the electric bicycle will be described with reference to FIG.

1 is a head pipe 2 provided at the front part,
The main frame 1 is connected to a seat tube 4 provided below the saddle 3. The main frame 1 is provided with a pedal 5 that can be rotated by human power at a portion connected to the seat tube 4.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a front wheel which is linked with the movement of the steering wheel 7 and determines the traveling direction by operating the steering wheel 7. The front wheel 6 comprises a spoke 8, a rim 9, and a tire 10.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a rear wheel serving as a driving wheel.
The vehicle also includes a tire 12, a rim 13, spokes 14, and a drive unit 15 for driving the rear wheel 11.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a front sprocket which rotates with the rotation of the pedal 5. The front sprocket 16 includes a chain.
17 is engaged and the rotation of the front sprocket 16 is
After being provided on 15 axles, power is transmitted to sprockets 27.

Reference numeral 18 denotes a battery serving as a power supply for an electric motor 49 described later, which contains a 24-volt NiCd battery.
The battery 18 is removable and can be charged indoors when charging.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a front basket, and reference numeral 20 denotes a stand for supporting a bicycle when the vehicle is stopped.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the driving unit 15 described above.
Shows a specific configuration.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a disk-shaped fixed casing fixedly attached to the main frame 1, and reference numeral 22 denotes a rotating casing that is coaxial with the fixed casing 21 and rotates outside the fixed casing 21. The fixed casing 21 and the rotating casing 22 together form a hub. Two annular ribs 24 are formed on the outer periphery of the rotation side casing 22, and spokes 14 are extended from the annular ribs 24 toward the rim 13 on which the tire 12 is mounted.

Numeral 25 is a transmission (for example, Shimano SG-3531 or the like) provided inside the hub axle provided on the axle. The transmission 25 is connected to a rear sprocket 27 via a ratchet 26. That is, the ratchet 26 allows the human power from the chain 17 to be applied in only one direction, and when a reverse rotation is applied, the driving force is cut off. The transmission 25 is accommodated in a cylindrical container 33, and a flange 28 is formed on the entire circumference of one side of the container 33. The transmission 25 has a transmission rod 30 in the hollow portion of the axle 29.
Is slidably inserted in a state of being biased outward,
The gear (not shown) in the transmission 25 is switched by moving the transmission rod 30 left and right. And
A pusher 31 for holding down the shift bar 30 is provided in pressure contact with the shift bar 30, and an operating tool (not shown) for operating the pusher 31 is provided near the handle 7 by being connected by a wire 32. It is. In short, the wire 32
Is pulled, the pusher 31 moves, and the shift bar 30 is moved to change the gear position.

Numeral 34 denotes a cylindrical sleeve which is press-fitted into the container 33 of the transmission 25 and surrounds the outer periphery of the container 33. The sleeve 34 is screwed to the flange 28.

Reference numeral 35 denotes a rotating plate which rotates integrally with the sleeve 34 and the flange 28. The rotation plate 35 will be described based on the schematic diagram of the operation shown in FIG.

The rotating plate 35 is larger than the outer diameter of the container 33 of the transmission 25, is concentric with the transmission 25, and is provided with a pressing rod 36 and a conversion rod 37 in two opposite positions in the axial direction. Are integrally formed. The pressing rod 36 is formed in a column shape with a bell-shaped surface.
It is designed to hold 38. And the rotating plate 35 is
The outer periphery of the transmission 25 rotates while the spring 38 expands and contracts, and the transmission
The container 33 rotates around a circle concentric with 25 using the outer periphery of the container 33 as a guide. The conversion rod 37 is a rectangular body extending in the direction of the axle 29, and is formed diagonally so that the tip portion becomes shorter in the rotation direction.

A spring 38 pressed by the pressing rod 36
The other end is in contact with a part of the rotating side casing 22, and the pressing rod is
36, the rotation side casing 22 is rotated by expanding and contracting the spring 38. At this time, the rotating plate 35 rotates while slightly distorting the rotating casing 22 in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the expanded spring 38. Then, the turning plate 35 turns around the transmission 25 in response to a strain caused by human input. At this time, at the same time, the conversion rod 37 also rotates by a slight rotation of the rotation plate 35,
The inclined portion 39 is formed by the inclined portion 39 formed at the tip of the conversion rod 37.
Is pushed and moves in the axle 29 direction. A magnetic member, that is, a ring of ferrite 41 is attached to the chevron portion 40, and the ferrite 41 also moves as the chevron portion 40 moves. The tip of the ferrite 41 is provided with a C for urging the ferrite 41 toward the rotating plate 35 side.
A ring 42 and a spring 43 are provided. Therefore, the ferrite 41 is formed on the axle by the amount of distortion of the rotating casing 22 and the rotating plate 35.
It moves in 29 directions.

Reference numeral 44 denotes a coil provided in the fixed casing 21 near the ferrite 41. The coil 44 can convert a change in inductance due to the approach of the ferrite 41 into an electric signal. Can be used to detect human-powered torque.

The members shown in FIG. 5 are collectively referred to as a torque detector 45. Here, the conversion rod 37, the chevron 40, the magnetic member 41, and the magnetic detection member 44 are referred to as a detection unit, and the degree of expansion and contraction of the elastic body can be detected by these. Also,
The conversion rod 37 and the chevron 40 are collectively referred to as a conversion member, and convert expansion and contraction of the elastic body 38 in the rotational direction into movement in the axle 29 direction.

In the above configuration, ferrite is used for the magnetic member, but the ring may be made of a conductive material such as aluminum. Although the elastic body is a spring, rubber or the like may be an elastic body, and the detecting unit may be configured using a scale capable of detecting expansion and contraction of the rubber. Further, the elastic body may be used as pressure-sensitive rubber, and the expanding / contracting pressure may be taken out as an electric signal.

Reference numeral 46 denotes an inner gear screwed to the rotary casing 22 with a bolt.
Numeral 46 designates a tooth portion formed inside formed of reinforced plastic, for example, polyacetal resin. And
The outer portion is made of a metal casing and covers the outer periphery so as to strengthen the inner gear 46.

Reference numeral 47 denotes a shaft cylinder integrally formed with the inner gear 46. The shaft cylinder 47 is provided between the sleeve 34 and the rotating plate 35.
Bearings rotate smoothly when pivoted
48 are intervening.

Reference numeral 49 denotes a motor built in the fixed casing 21. A belt 51 is attached to an output shaft 50 of the motor 49, and the belt 51 is connected to a first pulley 52. The first pulley 52 is rotatably attached to the fixed casing 21 via a bearing 53. Also,
A second pulley 56 is provided coaxially with the first pulley 52 via a one-way clutch 54 and a bearing 55, and transmits power from the first pulley 52 in only one direction. A gear 57 is formed on the second pulley 56, and the gear 57 meshes with the inner gear 46 to rotate the rotating casing 22 by the driving force of the electric motor 49. This one-way clutch 54 is provided to make the driving force from the electric motor 49 and the driving force of human power independent, for example, without rotating the electric motor 49 together with the rear wheel 11 when pushing the bicycle manually. This is provided so that an unnecessary load is not applied to the user by dynamic braking.

Reference numeral 58 denotes a brake piece that rotates together with the container 33 of the transmission 25. The brake piece 58 rotates inside the brake case 59 together with the rear wheel 11, and a brake lever (not shown) provided on the handlebar 7 is provided. ), The brake shoe 60 provided in the brake case 59 is expanded to press against the brake piece 58 to apply a brake to the rotation of the rear wheel 11.

The rotating casing 22 is provided with a magnet (not shown) which rotates with the rotation of the casing. The fixed casing 21 is provided with a reed switch (not shown) for detecting the magnet. ing. The rotation speed of the rear wheel 11, that is, the traveling speed can be detected from the number of times the reed switch is input.

Reference numeral 61 denotes a tension pulley which can be adjusted by pressing the tension of a belt 51 connecting the electric motor 49 and the first pulley 52. The tension pulley 61 comprises a roller 62 and a base 63. 63 Long hole to fix one side 64
Thereby, the force of pressing against the belt 51 is adjusted.

Next, a power system diagram having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG.

First, a manual drive system will be described. The human power provided by the pedal 5 is transmitted to the rear sprocket 27 by the chain 17 and is shifted by the transmission 25, and then is transmitted via the rotating plate 35 and the spring 38. The rear wheel 11 is rotated. Next, the electric drive system will be described. The magnitude of expansion and contraction of the spring 38, that is, the moving distance of the rotating plate 35 is changed by the conversion member 37 to the axle.
Converts to 29 directions of movement, and along with the movement, ferrite 41
To move. The movement of the ferrite 41 is converted into a change in the inductance of the coil 44, and is input to the control unit 65 as an electric signal. The control unit 65 includes the fixed-side casing 21
Built in. Then, the coil 44 is controlled by the control unit 65.
And a traveling speed signal from the speed sensor 66, and outputs a drive signal to rotate the electric motor 49 based on the signal. The output of the motor 49 is the first pulley
52, rear wheel decelerated by speed reduction mechanism 67 such as second pulley 56
11 rotates. Here, the rear sprocket 27
46, the rear wheel 11, the conversion member 37, and the ferrite 41 are contained in the rotating casing 22.
4. The speed sensor 66, the electric motor 49, and the reduction mechanism 67 are incorporated in the fixed casing 21.

Next, the operation of the control section 65 will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 6 shows the speed on the horizontal axis and the assist ratio, that is, the ratio of the electric driving force to the human driving force on the vertical axis. The driving force is the same as the human driving force until a predetermined speed H is reached. The output from the motor 49 is output by force, and assist is always provided at a ratio of 1: 1. When the speed exceeds the speed H, the assist ratio is controlled so as to gradually decrease so that the speed does not excessively increase. Eventually, the electric driving force becomes zero, and at higher speeds, the vehicle travels only with human power.

The control section 65 will be described with reference to the block diagram shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 68 denotes a battery 18 and a constant voltage circuit 69 described later.
And a power switch for turning on and off a power supply to a control circuit 70, which will be described later. The power switch 68 is attached to an operable position of the bicycle main body so that a user can operate the power switch 68. I have.

Reference numeral 69 denotes a constant voltage circuit for lowering the voltage of the battery 18 to use as a power source for the microcomputer, that is, the control circuit 70.

A control circuit 70 receives a signal from the torque detector 45 and outputs a signal for driving the electric motor 49 based on the signal. As shown in FIG. The motor 49 according to the speed signal from the speed sensor 66
Is changed. The control circuit
The reference numeral 70 also performs abnormality detection, which will be described later, in addition to generating a drive signal.

Reference numeral 71 denotes a PWM drive circuit for enabling the drive signal from the control circuit 70 to perform PWM control on the electric motor 49. The PWM drive circuit 71 includes a drive element 72, that is, an FET.
The ON / OFF time of the motor is changed to change the rotation speed of the electric motor 49.

Reference numeral 73 denotes a flywheel diode connected in parallel with the electric motor 49.

A battery current detecting circuit 74 is connected in series with the electric motor 49 and detects a battery current. The battery current detecting circuit 74 detects the battery current and inputs the detected battery current to the control circuit 69. Reference numeral 75 denotes a shunt resistor for detecting a current value.

Reference numeral 76 denotes an FET connected between the electric motor 49 and the closed loop of the flywheel diode 73, that is, a switching element.
ON-OFF by the cut-off circuit 77 provided between
The operation is performed. The output from the control circuit 70 to the shut-off circuit 77 is provided by detecting when an abnormal current is detected by the battery current detection circuit 74, when the PWM drive circuit 71 or the drive element 72 is damaged, and the like. OFF
To work. Specifically, there is a case where a large current flows even though the output from the PWM drive circuit 71 is not output.

When the cutoff circuit 77 is operated, when the power switch 68 is turned off, the power supply to the control circuit 70 is cut off, so that the operation of the control circuit 70 is stopped. No electricity and switching element 76 is turned off
Then, the closed loop including the motor 49 and the flywheel diode 73 is opened. In other words, when the user moves backward by hand, even if the electric power is generated by the electric motor 49, no braking is applied and no load is applied because the closed loop is cut off.

As described above, the switching element 76 is connected to the closed loop including the motor 49 and the flywheel diode 73.
By turning off the switching element 76 by the control circuit 70 when the power switch 68 is opened,
The load caused by the electric motor 49 during manual pushing can be eliminated.

In the embodiment of the present invention, since the one-way clutch is interposed, the electric motor 49 does not rotate when the vehicle is manually pushed forward, and the electric motor 49 rotates only when the vehicle is moving backward. Other than in this embodiment,
Even in an electric vehicle that does not intervene a clutch in which the motor rotates during reverse travel, a switching element intervenes in a loop composed of the motor and a diode, and the power switch is turned off.
At the same time, the switching element may be turned off. By doing so, the load caused by the dynamic braking of the motor can be reduced while the power switch is turned off even when the vehicle is moving forward or backward.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is omitted.

Reference numeral 78 denotes a thyristor connected in parallel to a motor 49 and a switching element 76 which are connected in series. The cathode K of the thyristor 78 is connected to the switching element 76, and the anode A is connected to the motor 49. ing.

Reference numeral 79 denotes a zener diode connected between the anode A and the gate G of the thyristor 78 and connected in the opposite direction to the thyristor 78. The zener diode 79 is an electric motor.
When the back electromotive force generated by 49 exceeds the Zener voltage, the gate G of the thyristor 78 is switched so that a current flows. That is, until the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 79 is reached, no current flows even if the motor 49 generates power, and no load is applied.

In the present embodiment, the switching element 76 is provided in case of an abnormality, and the control circuit 70 detects the abnormality of the torque detector 45, the battery current detector 74, the speed sensor 66 and the like.
Switching element 76 is turned off instantly
Then, the driving of the electric motor 49 is stopped.

In the present embodiment, for example, when the speed of the manual pushing is increased, the generated voltage of the motor 49 increases, and the voltage applied to the Zener diode 79 also becomes higher than the Zener voltage.
The thyristor 78 is turned on, and the power generation braking is applied.
Therefore, it is very safe without moving backward at high speed. At this time, the zener voltage is set so that it does not exceed this zener voltage in the normal reverse condition.
You are using Furthermore, during normal running, when the PWM control is OFF, a flyback voltage exceeding the zener voltage is applied when the PWM control is OFF, so that the thyristor 78 operates in the same manner as a normal flywheel diode.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

Note that the block diagram of the control unit 65 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The control circuit 70 receives the signal from the torque detector 45, and when a predetermined value is reached, the cutoff circuit 77
And the switching element 76 is turned on. As a result, the electric power can be supplied to the electric motor 49, and the electric motor 49 can be controlled. That is, the switching element 76 is turned off to reduce power consumption when the vehicle is considered to be stopped or when the vehicle is running by inertia, that is, when it is not necessary to use the driving force of the motor 49. The closed loop composed of the electric motor 49 is opened in consideration of the possibility that the electric motor 49 can be pushed, so that a load at the time of manual pushing is not applied.

The time chart of FIG. 9 will be described.

A indicates a change in human torque which changes with time. When the human torque reaches a predetermined value, the switching element 76 indicated by B turns on the control circuit 70.
Together with the control circuit from the OFF state to the ON state.
70 also changes from OFF to ON. When the manpower torque falls below the predetermined value and the fluctuation of the manpower torque disappears for a predetermined time, in this case, 4 seconds, the control circuit 70 is turned off.
When the control circuit 70 is turned off, the switching element 76
FF is performed so that the motor 49 cannot be energized, and the closed loop including the motor 49 and the zener diode 79 is opened.

In this embodiment, at the start of running, the switching element 76 is turned on when the human-powered torque reaches a predetermined value. Thereafter, it is determined that the bicycle is running even if the torque falls below the predetermined value. Turn on 76. Then, when the time during which the human-powered torque is lower than the predetermined value continues for a predetermined time, the switching element 76 is controlled to be turned off.

In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the switching element 76 is connected in series with the motor 49 and is opened when the control unit 65 detects an abnormal state. It can be shut off instantly and is very safe.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The block diagram of the control unit 65 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and will not be described.

The control circuit 70 receives signals from the torque detecting section 45 and the speed sensor 66, and turns off the switching element 76 when any of the signals becomes a predetermined value or less. When any one of the signals is equal to or more than the predetermined value, the switching element 76 is in the ON state. By turning off the switching element 76, as in the third embodiment, in addition to suppressing power consumption, the closed loop including the electric motor 49 is opened by considering that there is a possibility that the vehicle may move backward by hand when in the stop state. , So that no load is applied when pushing by hand.

The time chart of FIG. 10 will be described.

A indicates a change in human torque which changes with time, and B indicates a change in speed.
C is based on A and B, and O
D indicates an N-OFF state, and D indicates an ON-OFF state of the control circuit 70 based on ON-OFF of the switching element 76.

During traveling, the pedaling force is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and the electric motor 49 is driven according to the pedaling force. As the vehicle approaches the stop state, the pedaling force starts to fall below a predetermined value. However, in this state, since the speed has not reached the predetermined value, the switching element 76
Does not turn OFF. If this state continues, the speed gradually decreases, and when the traveling speed falls below a predetermined value, both the pedaling force and the traveling speed fall below the predetermined values. Therefore, counting of time is started, and after a predetermined time T, for example, 5 minutes, the control circuit 70 is started. The control circuit 70 transfers the power to the power saving mode, and outputs a signal from the control circuit 70 to the cutoff circuit 77 to turn off the switching element 76. When the pedaling force and the speed are both below the predetermined values, and the switching element 76 is turned off after a predetermined time has elapsed, the vehicle is moved into the garage after the traveling is completed, and then when the vehicle is to be started again, the garage is moved backward by hand pushing the garage. Because it comes out of At this time, since the switching element 76 is turned off, the load can be easily released without applying a load of manual pushing. The power-saving mode of the control circuit at this time is a function that is generally built into the microcomputer, and switches to the low-power mode unless there is a signal input from other devices, and the function that starts operating together with the signal input It is.

In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the switching element 76 is connected in series with the motor 49 and is opened when the control unit 65 detects an abnormal state. It can be shut off instantly and is very safe.

[0077]

[0078]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a closed loop is formed by the thyristor connected in parallel with the electric motor, and the Zener diode connected in the opposite direction to the thyristor is connected between the gate and the anode of the thyristor. In such a case, the usability at the time of manual pushing can be improved with a simple circuit configuration without using a switch or the like. In a high-speed hand pushing state, since the thyristor is turned on, the power generation braking is applied, and safety can be improved.

Further, according to the configuration of claim 2 of the present invention,
Driving the electric motor with the driving force according to the magnitude of the manual torque,
A flywheel diode that is connected in parallel with the series connection of the motor and the switching element to form a closed loop is provided.
When the human-powered torque is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the switching element is closed until the variation of the human-powered torque becomes equal to or less than the predetermined value. Therefore, when it is not necessary to rotate the electric motor, the switching element is turned off. Since the switching element is not turned on and off, energy is saved, and further, no load is applied during manual pushing, which is convenient. Further, since the element is used, the switch is not damaged by vibration during traveling, and the switch is not interrupted without permission.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the flywheel diode which drives the motor with a driving force corresponding to the magnitude of the manual torque and is connected in parallel to the series connection of the motor and the switching element to form a closed loop is provided. The switching element is opened when the state where the pedaling force is equal to or less than the predetermined value has elapsed for a predetermined time, and control for shifting the control circuit to the power saving mode is performed. Therefore, when the motor does not need to be rotated, the switching element is turned off, thus saving energy. In addition, when the vehicle is manually pushed after stopping for a predetermined time, no load is applied and the device is easy to use. Further, since the element is used, the switch is not damaged by vibration during traveling, and the switch is not interrupted without permission.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the switching element is connected in series with the electric motor and is opened when the control circuit detects an abnormal state. Further, when an abnormality occurs, the power supply to the motor is stopped, so that the motor can be stopped instantaneously, which is very safe.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit of an electric motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is the same power system diagram.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the driving section taken along line AA in FIG. 3;

FIG. 4 is a plan configuration diagram of the driving unit.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the operation of the torque detector.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relationship between a doujin driving force and a speed of an electric driving force.

FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of the same.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit of a motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a time chart showing a relationship between a pedaling force and a switching element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a time chart illustrating a relationship among a pedaling force, a traveling speed, and a switching element according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 49 Motor 18 Battery 73 Flywheel diode 72 Drive element 68 Power switch 77 Switching element 70 Control circuit 78 Thyristor 79 Zener diode 35 Rotating plate 37 Conversion member 41 Magnetic material 44 Magnetic detection member 66 Speed sensor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroaki Sagara 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Yoshihiko Maeda 2-5-2 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka No. 5 Inside Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-24574 (JP, A) JP-A-7-81660 (JP, A) JP-A-7-33068 (JP, A) JP-A-6-68 247377 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B62M 23/02

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A thyristor comprising : a motor driven by a battery; a drive element connected in series with the motor to drive and control the motor; a thyristor connected in parallel with the motor to form a closed loop with the motor; and a gate of the thyristor. An electric vehicle comprising a thyristor and a Zener diode connected in a reverse direction between anodes. 2. A human-powered driving system using a human-powered driving force, and an electric driving system that drives an electric motor with a driving force according to a detection value of a torque detection unit that detects a human-powered torque of the human-powered driving system,
The electric drive system includes a switching element connected in series with the electric motor, a flywheel diode connected in parallel to the electric motor and the switching element in series to form a closed loop, and a drive control of the electric motor connected in series to the closed loop. A drive circuit, and a control circuit for performing control to close the switching device until the fluctuation of the human-powered torque becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value when the torque detecting unit becomes equal to or more than a predetermined value regardless of the traveling speed. A featured electric car. 3. A human-powered driving system using a human-powered driving force, and an electric driving system that drives an electric motor with a driving force according to a detection value of a torque detection unit that detects a human-powered torque of the human-powered driving system,
The electric drive system includes a switching element connected in series with the electric motor, a flywheel diode connected in parallel to the electric motor and the switching element in series to form a closed loop, and a drive control of the electric motor connected in series to the closed loop. An electric vehicle comprising: a drive element; and a control circuit for controlling to open the switching element and shift to a power saving mode when a state in which a pedaling force is equal to or less than a predetermined value irrespective of a traveling speed has elapsed for a predetermined time. Wherein said switching element, said being motor connected in series, according to claim 2 and 3 an electric vehicle wherein a is opened when the control circuit detects an abnormal state.