JP3306299B2 - Electric car - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric vehicle for driving a motor and lighting a lamp using a battery as a power supply.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of electric vehicle has been disclosed in
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3186 (B62M 23/02), a method has been known in which a lamp is lit by pulse control so that an average voltage of a supplied pulse becomes a rated value of the lamp.

However, in the electric vehicle having the above-described structure, the average value of the voltage applied to the lamp can be set to the rated voltage of the lamp.
Since the bolt is directly applied to the lamp, there is a problem that the lamp life is shortened.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, and has as its object to provide an electric vehicle capable of extending the lamp life.

[0005]

[0006]

[0007]

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a motor driven by a battery as a power source, a motor drive circuit for controlling the driving of the motor, and a lamp for lighting the battery by the power source. A voltage detection circuit for detecting a voltage; when a voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit is equal to or less than a predetermined first predetermined value, the lamp is turned off, and a second voltage larger than the first predetermined value is turned off. When the value is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the motor is stopped.

[0009] Further, there is provided an illuminance sensor for detecting ambient brightness and a speed sensor for detecting a traveling speed, and a lamp is turned on when the illuminance is lower than a predetermined illuminance and higher than a predetermined speed. .

[0010]

[0011]

If a power supply is used to drive the motor while the lamp is on, the power supply voltage drops. At this time, if the power supply voltage becomes equal to or lower than the first predetermined value, the battery is overdischarged, and thus the lighting of the lamp is stopped.

Further, the second predetermined value larger than the first predetermined value may be used.
Is set in advance, and when the power supply voltage decreases, the driving of the motor is stopped to prevent overdischarge of the battery. Also, even if the motor stops driving below the second predetermined value, the lamp can be lit because it is not below the first predetermined value.

Further, since the surroundings are darkened and the lamp is automatically turned on at a speed higher than a predetermined speed, for example, when the lamp is moving, the lighting is not forgotten and safe.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS.

First, the overall structure of the electric bicycle will be described with reference to FIG.

1 is a head pipe 2 provided at the front part,
The main frame 1 is connected to a seat tube 4 provided below the saddle 3. The main frame 1 is provided with a pedal 5 that can be rotated by human power at a portion connected to the seat tube 4.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a front wheel which is linked with the movement of the steering wheel 7 and determines the traveling direction by operating the steering wheel 7. The front wheel 6 comprises a spoke 8, a rim 9, and a tire 10.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a rear wheel serving as a driving wheel.
The vehicle also includes a tire 12, a rim 13, spokes 14, and a drive unit 15 for driving the rear wheel 11.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a front sprocket which rotates with the rotation of the pedal 5. The front sprocket 16 includes a chain.
17 is engaged and the rotation of the front sprocket 16 is
After being provided on 15 axles, power is transmitted to the sprocket 50.

Reference numeral 18 denotes a battery serving as a power supply for a motor 24 described later, which contains a 24 volt NiCd battery.
The battery 18 is removable and can be charged indoors when charging.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a front basket, and reference numeral 20 denotes a stand for supporting a bicycle when the vehicle stops.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a headlight having a lamp 72 described later.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show the driving unit 15 described above.
Shows a specific configuration.

Reference numeral 22 denotes a disk-shaped fixed casing fixedly attached to the main frame 1, and reference numeral 23 denotes a rotating casing which is coaxial with the fixed casing 22 and rotates outside the fixed casing 22. The fixed casing 22 and the rotating casing 23 together form a hub. The fixed casing 22 is made of a light alloy having a thickness of 2 mm.

Reference numeral 24 denotes a U-shaped annular rib provided on the outer periphery of the rotating casing 23. The annular rib 24 is fixed to the rotating casing 23 at a plurality of positions.
Spokes 14 are extended from 24 toward the rim 13 to which the tire 12 is attached. In addition, the annular rib 24
It is formed of a steel plate and has a thickness of 2.3 mm. The annular rib 24 is formed as a separate component from the rotating casing 23, and a force from the spokes 14 is applied to the annular rib 24, which is required to have a high strength. 23 is made of a material weaker than the annular rib 24 and is made thinner, and the material and the material thickness are changed. With this configuration, the driving unit
15 The overall weight can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced by changing the material.

Reference numeral 25 denotes a motor serving as a drive source, 26 denotes a rotor, and 27 denotes a stator. The motor 25 is mounted on the fixed casing 22, a portion of the motor 25 projecting from the rotating casing 23 is covered with a motor cover 28, and an output shaft 29 of the motor 25 is supported by bearings 30. ing.

Numeral 31 denotes a planetary roller reduction mechanism screwed to the fixed casing 22 and fitted to the holding portion 32. The planetary roller reduction mechanism 31 is arranged around the same axis as the output shaft 29. .

The structure of the planetary roller speed reduction mechanism 31 will be described.

Reference numeral 33 denotes a fixed wheel fixed to the holding portion 32 with screws. Four planetary rollers 34 are provided on the inner circle of the fixed wheel 33, and the outer periphery of the planetary roller 34 is It is arranged so as to be in contact with the inner periphery of the fixed wheel 33 and to be in contact with the output shaft 29 of the motor 25 inside. An output pin 35 is provided at the center of the planetary roller 34.
A needle bearing is provided between the needle bearing and the needle bearing.

When the output shaft 29 of the motor 25 rotates, the planetary roller 34 that is in contact with the planetary roller 34 starts rotating around the output pin 35 and contacts the fixed wheel 33. Start revolving around. This output pin 35
By taking out the rotating output from the motor 25, the output of the motor 25 can be taken out at a reduced speed.

Numeral 37 denotes a cylindrical support which has a bottom surface pivotally supported by the output pin 35 and penetrates the output shaft 29. The support 37 is provided between the output shaft 29 and a bearing 38 via a bearing 38. Further, a distal end side is provided via a bearing 39.

Numeral 40 denotes a one-way clutch mounted on the outer periphery of the support member 37. The one-way clutch 40 prevents the force from the pedal 5 from being transmitted to the motor 25, and transmits the driving force of the motor 25 to the rotating casing. Acts to tell 23.

Reference numeral 41 denotes a first pulley which is mounted on the output shaft 29 via two bearings and further coaxially with the output shaft 29 via the one-way clutch 40. The first pulley 41 is made of rubber. Belt 42 is hung.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a second pulley on which the other end of the belt 42 is hung. The second pulley 43 is fixed to the rotating casing 23 by bolts 44. The inside of the second pulley 43 is hollow, and a torque detecting unit 57 described later is provided therein.

Reference numeral 45 denotes a tension pulley for adjusting the tension of the belt 42. The tension pulley 45 has a roller 47 attached to one end of a support 46, and a tension pulley 45 attached to the fixed casing 22 at the other end. A screw 48 is provided, the support 46 can swing around the part where the screw 48 is attached, the tension pulley 45 is fixed by tightening the other screw 49, and the belt 42 is pressed,
The tension of the belt 42 can be adjusted.

Reference numeral 50 denotes a control board incorporated in the fixed casing 23. The control board 50 is incorporated in a portion having no pulley. In addition to the microcomputer that controls the rotation of the motor 25 in accordance with the output result from the torque detection unit 57 described later, the control board 50 includes a driving circuit that performs PWM control of the motor 25 and a constant voltage for inputting a starting voltage to the microcomputer. It is equipped with a circuit and a torque detection circuit.

Reference numeral 51 denotes a rear sprocket on which the chain 17 is hung. The rear sprocket 51 is provided on an axle 52 via a bearing 53, and a one-way clutch 54 is provided.
It is attached to a rotating plate 58 to be described later.

Reference numeral 55 denotes a rotating cylinder provided on the axle 52 via a bearing 56. The rotating cylinder 55 is
It rotates with the rotation of.

Numeral 57 denotes a torque detector mounted near the second pulley 43 and the axle 52. The torque detector 57 detects a human-powered driving force transmitted through the chain 17, that is, a human-power torque. It is provided in.

First, the torque detector 57 will be described with reference to FIG.
An explanation will be given based on. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the torque detector 57, and each will be described.

The rotating plate 58 is concentric with the axle 52, and a pressing rod 59 and a conversion rod 60 are integrally formed in two opposing positions in the axial direction. The pressing rod 59 is formed in a column shape with a bell-shaped surface, and an elastic body, that is, a spring 61 is pressed by a curved portion of the bell shape. And the rotating plate
58 expands and contracts the spring 61, and the other end of the spring 61 is connected to the second pulley.
The second pulley 43 rotates while pressing the inner wall of 43. The conversion rod 60 is a rectangular body extending in the direction of the axle 29, and is formed diagonally so that the tip portion becomes shorter in the rotation direction.

The spring 61 pressed by the pressing rod 59
Has the other end in contact with a part of the rotation side casing 23, and the pressing rod is
59, the spring 61 is expanded and contracted to rotate the rotating casing 23. At this time, the rotating plate 58 rotates while slightly distorting the rotating casing 23 in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the expanded and contracted spring 61. Then, the turning plate 58 turns in response to the distortion caused by human power. At this time, the conversion rod 60 also rotates by a slight rotation of the rotation plate 58 at the same time, and the angled portion 63 that comes into contact with the inclined portion 62 by the inclined portion 62 formed at the tip of the conversion rod 60.
Is pushed to move in the axle 29 direction. A magnetic member, that is, a ferrite ring 64 is attached to the chevron 63, and the ring 64 moves as the chevron 63 moves. At the end of this ring 64 is a ring 64
A C-ring 65 and a spring 66 are provided for biasing toward the 58 side. Therefore, the ring 64 moves in the direction of the axle 29 by the amount of distortion of the rotating casing 23 and the rotating plate 36.

Numeral 67 denotes a magnetic detecting member, that is, a coil provided near the ring 64 in the fixed casing 22. The coil 67 converts a change in inductance due to the approach of the ring 64 into an electric signal. This output can be used to detect human-powered torque.

The members shown in FIG. 5 are collectively referred to as a torque detector 57. Here, the conversion rod 60, the chevron 63, the ring 64, and the coil 67 are referred to as a detection unit, and the degree of expansion and contraction of the elastic body can be detected by these. Also, conversion rod 6
0 and the chevron 63 together form a conversion member 68, which converts the expansion and contraction of the elastic body 61 in the rotational direction into movement in the axle 29 direction.

In the above configuration, ferrite is used for the ring 64, but the ring may be made of a conductive material such as aluminum. Further, although the elastic member is the spring 61, the elastic member may be rubber or the like, and the detecting portion may be configured using a scale capable of detecting expansion and contraction of the rubber. Further, the elastic body may be used as pressure-sensitive rubber, and the expanding / contracting pressure may be taken out as an electric signal.

Next, a power system diagram having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG.

First, a manual drive system will be described. The manual power provided by the pedal 5 is transmitted to the rear sprocket 51 by the chain 17 and rotates the rear wheel 11 via the turning plate 58 and the spring 61. Next, the electric drive system will be described.The extent of expansion and contraction of the spring 61, that is, the rotational movement distance of the rotating plate 58 is converted into movement in the direction of the axle 29 by the conversion member 68,
The ring 64 moves along with the movement. The movement of the ring 64 is converted into a change in the inductance of the coil 67 and is input to the control board 50 as an electric signal. Control board
50 is incorporated in the fixed side casing 22. Then, a signal from the coil 67 is input by the control board 50, and a drive signal is output so as to rotate the motor 25 based on the signal. And the output of the motor 25 is the planetary roller reduction mechanism
The speed is reduced by 31, and the rear wheel 11 rotates via the first pulley 41.

Next, the control circuit will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the motor is driven in accordance with the manual torque, but the manual driving force and the electric driving force may travel independently.

Reference numeral 69 denotes a motor drive circuit for performing PWM control of the motor 25 by a drive switching element 70. The motor drive circuit 69 is driven by an output corresponding to the torque detected by the torque detection unit 57. For example, the motor driving force is set to be one-to-one with respect to the manual driving force. Also, 71
Is a flywheel diode connected in parallel to the motor 25.

Reference numeral 72 is built in the headlight 21.
It is a rated 6 volt lamp.

Reference numeral 73 denotes a lamp connected in series to the lamp 72;
This is a step-down circuit that steps down the battery voltage of 6 volts to 6 volts and supplies power to the lamp 72.

74 is connected to the motor drive circuit 69,
This is a voltage detection circuit that detects the voltage of the battery 18.

Reference numeral 75 denotes a driving switch connected between the motor driving circuit 69 and the battery 18;
Is mounted in a place that is easy for the user to operate.
The motor 25 is turned on when necessary driving force is required.
Can be assisted.

Reference numeral 76 denotes a lamp switch connected between the battery 18 and the step-down circuit 73. When the lamp switch 76 is turned on, a current flows through the step-down circuit 73, and the lamp 72 is turned on by stepping down. be able to.

Next, the operation of the control circuit will be described.

When the driving switch 75 is turned on, the motor driving circuit 69 operates according to the torque detected by the torque detecting section 57, and the driving switching element 70 is turned on and off by a signal output from the motor driving circuit 69. The rotation speed of the motor 25 is controlled.

When the lamp 72 is turned on, when the lamp switch 76 is turned on, the power supply voltage 24 volts is reduced to 6 volts by the step-down circuit 73, and the lamp 72 is lit at the rated value of 6 volts.

Although power is supplied from the common battery 18 for driving the motor 25 and turning on the lamp 72, since the circuits are independent from each other, the lamp 72 can be turned on even if the driving of the motor 25 is stopped. it can.

Next, a control circuit according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

In the second embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are omitted, and only different parts will be described.

Reference numeral 77 denotes a lamp lighting circuit for inputting a voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit 74. The lamp lighting circuit 77 turns on a lamp switching element 78 to turn on the lamp 72.
Can be lit. The lamp switching element 78 turns on when lighting is possible, and turns off when lighting is impossible. If lighting is possible, the voltage detection circuit
The case where the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the first predetermined value according to 74, and the first predetermined value is a value for preventing the battery from being over-discharged and shortening the life of the battery, and is set to, for example, 12 volts. I have.

A second predetermined value is set in the motor drive circuit 69, and the second predetermined value is, for example, about 21 volts. I have.

By doing so, the battery 18 is prevented from being over-discharged to prolong the battery life, and the lamp 72 is turned on even when the motor 25 is stopped. Even when it is not possible, the lamp 72 is turned on when it is dark.

The operation of the control circuit will be described.

When the driving switch 75 is turned on, the motor driving circuit 69 operates according to the torque detected by the torque detecting section 57, and the driving switching element 70 is turned on and off by a signal output from the motor driving circuit 69. The rotation speed of the motor 25 is controlled.

When the lamp 72 is turned on, when the lamp switch 76 is turned on, the battery voltage 24 volts is reduced to 6 volts by the step-down circuit 73, and the lamp 72 is turned on at the rated value of 6 volts.

When the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the first predetermined value, the lamp is turned on simply by turning on the lamp switch 76.
However, even if the lamp switch 76 is ON, if the battery voltage is equal to or lower than the first predetermined value, the lamp lighting circuit 77 operates to prevent the lamp switching element 78 from being continuously turned off. .

The drive of the motor 25 and the lighting of the lamp 72 are powered by the common battery 18, but the circuits are independent from each other. Therefore, even if the driving of the motor 25 is stopped, the lamp 72 can be lit. it can.

Further, since the second predetermined value is larger than the first predetermined value, the lamp 72 can be turned on even when the driving of the motor 25 is stopped, so that it is safe even when it becomes dark.

Next, a control circuit according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

In the third embodiment, the same parts as those in the first and second embodiments are omitted, and only different parts will be described.

Reference numeral 78 denotes an illuminance sensor which is attached to the electric vehicle body and detects ambient illuminance. The illuminance sensor 78 inputs the illuminance to the lamp lighting circuit 77 as an electric signal.

Reference numeral 79 denotes a speed sensor attached to the wheels of the electric vehicle for detecting the running speed. The speed sensor 79 also inputs the speed to the lamp lighting circuit 77 as an electric signal.

In the case of this embodiment, the lamp control circuit 77 turns on the lamp 72 when the illuminance is equal to or less than a predetermined illuminance and the speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed. The lamp lighting circuit 77 operates to turn on the lamp 72.

Next, the operation of the control circuit will be described.

When the driving switch 75 is turned on, the motor driving circuit 69 operates according to the torque detected by the torque detecting section 57, and the driving switching element 70 is turned on and off by a signal output from the motor driving circuit 69. The rotation speed of the motor 25 is controlled.

When the lamp 72 is turned on, when the lamp switch 76 is turned on, the battery voltage 24 volts is reduced to 6 volts by the step-down circuit 73, and the lamp 72 is turned on at the rated value of 6 volts.

When the illuminance sensor 78 is lower than a predetermined illuminance and the vehicle is traveling, that is, when the speed sensor 79 detects 0 km / h or more, the lamp switching element 78 is turned on to turn on the lamp. 72 lights.

The drive of the motor 25 and the lighting of the lamp 72 are powered by the common battery 18. However, since the circuits are independent from each other, the lamp 72 can be lit even if the driving of the motor 25 is stopped. it can. In this embodiment, the lamp switch 76 is provided in the meaning of the main switch.
Since the lamp is turned off, the lamp switch 76 may not be provided.

As described above, in the first to third embodiments, the drive switch 75 is provided to operate the motor drive circuit 69, but the drive switch 75 is not provided, and the motor drive circuit 69 is always operable. In advance, the motor 25 may be controlled to operate only when a signal is input to the torque detection unit 57.

Further, in the embodiment, the explanation has been made with reference to the assisted electric vehicle. However, the configuration of the present invention can be applied to an electric vehicle in which the manual driving and the electric driving are independent from each other.

As described above, since the step-down circuit 73 for stepping down the battery voltage to supply power to the lamp 72 is provided, the peak value of the voltage does not exceed the rating of the lamp 72, so that the lamp life is extended. be able to.

Further, since the vehicle travels by the manual driving force and the electric driving force, and the driving switch 75 and the lamp switch 76 are provided, the lamp 72 can be turned on even when traveling without using the electric driving force. .

When the voltage of the battery 18 is lower than the first predetermined value, the lamp 72 is turned off.
18 can be prevented from being over-discharged.

Further, the motor 25 stops when the voltage of the battery 18 is lower than the second predetermined value, and the second predetermined value is larger than the first predetermined value. Motor 18 prevents overdischarge of battery 18 and prevents overdischarge.
When the lamp 72 cannot be driven but the lamp 72 can be turned on, the electric driving force is stopped and the lamp 72 can be turned on, which is very safe.

Further, since the lamp 72 is turned on when the illuminance is lower than a predetermined illuminance and higher than a predetermined speed, the lamp 72 can be turned on automatically.
It is safe and the consumption of the battery 18 is minimized.

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092]

As described above, according to the present invention, the voltage of the battery is set to a predetermined first voltage.
When the value is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the lamp is turned off, the motor is stopped at or below the second predetermined value, and the second predetermined value is set to be larger than the first predetermined value. When the motor cannot be driven but the lamp can be turned on to prevent overdischarge, the electric driving force is stopped and the lamp can be turned on when the lamp can be turned on, which is very safe.

Further, since the lamp is turned on when the illuminance is lower than a predetermined illuminance and higher than a predetermined speed, the lamp can be turned on automatically. Only needs to be done.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the driving unit.

FIG. 3 is a plan configuration diagram of the driving unit.

FIG. 4 is the same power system diagram.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the operation of the torque detector.

FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of the same.

FIG. 7 shows a control circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows a control circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 18 Battery 25 Motor 69 Motor drive circuit 72 Lamp 73 Step-down circuit 75 Drive switch 76 Lamp switch 74 Voltage detection circuit 78 Illuminance sensor 79 Speed sensor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Toshihiro Matsumoto 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroaki Sagara 2-5-2 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka No. 5 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshihiko Maeda 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-8-113186 (JP, A) Hei 9-58562 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B62M 23/02 B62J 6/02

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A motor for driving a battery as a power source, a motor drive circuit for controlling the driving of the motor, a lamp for lighting the battery as a power source, and a voltage detection circuit for detecting a voltage of the battery. When the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit is equal to or less than a predetermined first predetermined value, the lamp is turned off, and a second voltage larger than the first predetermined value is turned off .
When the pressure is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the motor is stopped.
The electric car to be called. 2. An illuminance sensor for detecting ambient brightness,
And a speed sensor for detecting a running speed, claim 1 Symbol mounting electric vehicle, characterized in that the lamp lights when the above predetermined and the illuminance below a predetermined speed.