JP3297735B2 - Wetness determination method, wetness measurement method and wetness measurement device - Google Patents
Wetness determination method, wetness measurement method and wetness measurement deviceInfo
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- JP3297735B2 JP3297735B2 JP32468299A JP32468299A JP3297735B2 JP 3297735 B2 JP3297735 B2 JP 3297735B2 JP 32468299 A JP32468299 A JP 32468299A JP 32468299 A JP32468299 A JP 32468299A JP 3297735 B2 JP3297735 B2 JP 3297735B2
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- wetness
- light
- reflected light
- degree
- intensity
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、対象物の湿潤度
により赤外線吸収が大きく変化する測定光の赤外線と、
対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収が小さく変化する参照
光の赤外線とを対象物に照射して、反射する各赤外線の
反射光強度に基づいて対象物の湿潤度を求める湿潤度測
定方法および湿潤度測定装置、並びにこの湿潤度測定方
法を用いて得られた湿潤度のデータ特性図を用いて湿潤
度合いを判定する方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an infrared measuring light whose infrared absorption greatly changes depending on the degree of wetness of an object;
A wetness measurement method and a wetness measurement method for irradiating a target with infrared light of reference light whose infrared absorption changes slightly depending on the wettability of the target, and determining the wettability of the target based on the reflected light intensity of each reflected infrared light and the wetness The present invention relates to a measuring device and a method for determining the degree of wetness using a data characteristic diagram of the degree of wetness obtained using the method for measuring the degree of wetness.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】水は、特定の波長の赤外線に対して高い
吸収性を有している。そして、この特性を用いた物質の
水分量の検出方法が知られている。水への吸収性の高い
波長の赤外線を水分量を測定する対象物に照射する。こ
こでは、水分量の多い対象物を例えばＡとし、水分量の
少ない対象物を例えばＢとする。次に、対象物から反射
する反射光の強度を検出する。この結果、対象物Ａから
反射する反射光ＲAの強度は対象物Ｂから反射する反射
光ＲBの強度よりも小さくなる。これは、照射された赤
外線の吸収率が対象物の水分量が多いほど大きくなるた
めである。よって、反射光の強度から対象物の水分量を
検出することができる。2. Description of the Related Art Water has a high absorption for infrared rays having a specific wavelength. A method for detecting the moisture content of a substance using this characteristic is known. The object whose water content is to be measured is irradiated with an infrared ray having a wavelength highly absorbable by water. Here, an object having a large amount of water is assumed to be, for example, A, and an object having a small amount of water is assumed to be, for example, B. Next, the intensity of the reflected light reflected from the object is detected. As a result, the intensity of the reflected light R A reflected from the object A is smaller than the intensity of the reflected light R B reflected from the object B. This is because the absorptance of the irradiated infrared rays increases as the moisture content of the object increases. Therefore, it is possible to detect the water content of the object from the intensity of the reflected light.
【０００３】しかしながら、対象物の表面状態が変化し
て反射率が変化する場合や、照明の赤外線の強度が変化
する場合には、正しい水分量の測定を行うことはできな
い。このため、対象物の含水量による赤外線吸収の変化
量が小さい赤外線を参照光として用いることにより、上
記反射率の変化や照明の強度変化の影響を除去すること
ができる。対象物の含水量により赤外線吸収が変化する
赤外線を測定光Ｉ1とし、上記参照光をＩnとし、さらに
Ｉ1の反射光の強度Ｒ1、Ｉnの反射光の強度をＲnとする
とき、得られるＲn／Ｒ1の値を水分量（以下、湿潤度と
も称する。）に換算することができる。また、参照光の
強度Ｒnとして複数の異なる波長の赤外線の反射光を用
いて、Ｒn／Ｒ1の値を求めることによって、検出される
水分量の精度を高めることが可能である。上述したよう
な原理を用いた水分測定方法が、例えば文献１（特開平
１０−１７６９８９号公報）に記載されている。However, when the reflectivity changes due to the change in the surface condition of the object or when the intensity of the infrared light of the illumination changes, it is impossible to measure the water content correctly. Therefore, by using, as the reference light, infrared light having a small change in infrared absorption due to the water content of the object, the influence of the change in the reflectance and the change in the intensity of illumination can be eliminated. Infrared infrared absorption changes and the measuring light beam I 1 by the water content of the object, the reference light and I n, further the intensity of the reflected light intensity R 1, I n of the reflected light I 1 and R n At this time, the obtained value of R n / R 1 can be converted to a water content (hereinafter, also referred to as wetness). Further, by using a plurality of different infrared reflected light wavelength as strength R n of the reference light, by determining the value of R n / R 1, it is possible to increase the water content of accuracy to be detected. A moisture measurement method using the above-described principle is described in, for example, Reference 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-176989).
【０００４】また、従来、文献２（特開平８−３１３４
３５号公報）に記載されている路面水分計測装置におい
ては、路面に赤外線を照射して、反射する正反射光およ
び乱反射光の受光レベルに基づいて、路面の湿潤度合い
を判定している。正反射光の受光レベルを一方の軸にと
り、もう一方の軸に乱反射光の受光レベルをとって特性
図をつくる。そして、この特性図と、新たに測定される
対象物の正反射光および乱反射光の受光レベルとを対応
させることによって、路面が濡れている程度だけでな
く、積雪している場合には、積雪部分の白さ（汚れ具
合）まで細かく路面の状態を判定することができる。[0004] Conventionally, reference 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 8-3134)
No. 35 gazette) irradiates a road surface with infrared rays and determines the degree of wetness of the road surface based on the light receiving levels of reflected regular reflection light and irregularly reflected light. The characteristic diagram is created by taking the light receiving level of specularly reflected light on one axis and the light receiving level of irregularly reflected light on the other axis. Then, by associating this characteristic diagram with the light reception levels of specularly reflected light and irregularly reflected light of a newly measured object, not only the degree of wetness of the road surface, but also The condition of the road surface can be determined finely up to the whiteness (the degree of dirt) of the portion.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、水が特
定の波長の赤外線を選択的に吸収する特性を利用して湿
潤度を求める方法では、測定対象物の状態を細かく区別
するのが困難である。例えば、湿潤度合いを、一番水分
が少ない状態が乾燥状態、二番目に少ない状態が湿り状
態、水分が非常に多い状態を冠水状態と分類する。これ
らの状態の対象物にそれぞれ測定光Ｉ1および参照光Ｉn
を照射して、反射光（Ｒ1およびＲn）から湿潤度（Ｒn
／Ｒ1）を求める。すると、冠水状態から湿り状態まで
の間をより細かく区別して示すことができるが、湿り状
態から乾燥状態までの間は、湿潤度に差がほとんどなく
なるため、状態の、より詳細な区別が困難となる。However, in the method of determining the degree of wetness by utilizing the property of water selectively absorbing infrared light of a specific wavelength, it is difficult to finely distinguish the state of the object to be measured. . For example, the degree of wetness is classified into a dry state when the state has the least moisture, a wet state when the state is the second least, and a submergence state when the state has a very large amount of moisture. The measurement light I 1 and the reference light I n are respectively applied to the object in these states.
And the degree of wetness (R n ) is calculated from the reflected light (R 1 and R n ).
/ R 1 ). Then, from the submerged state to the wet state can be more finely distinguished and indicated, but from the wet state to the dry state, there is almost no difference in the degree of wetness, so that it is difficult to distinguish the state in more detail. Become.
【０００６】例えば、路面への熱印加を自動的に制御す
るロ−ドヒーティング用のセンサを例に挙げると、熱印
加状態から非印加状態への切り替えは、省エネ化を図る
ために、路面が完全に乾燥してからではなく、湿り状態
から乾燥状態へ推移する過程中に行うことが嘱望されて
いる。しかし、センサによる路面状態の判断が、例えば
未だ路面が湿っている状態を乾燥状態であると誤ったと
き、この時点で熱印加を止めてしまうと、路面が凍結す
る危険性がある。このため、文献に開示された方法をこ
のようなセンサに適用するためには、当該方法によっ
て、対象物の湿り状態から乾燥状態までを、詳細にしか
も正確に区別できる必要がある。For example, taking a load heating sensor that automatically controls the application of heat to a road surface as an example, switching from a heat applied state to a non-applied state requires a complete road surface in order to save energy. It is hoped that it will be performed during the process of transition from a wet state to a dry state, not after drying. However, when the determination of the road surface state by the sensor incorrectly indicates that the road surface is still wet, for example, that the road surface is dry, if the application of heat is stopped at this point, the road surface may be frozen. For this reason, in order to apply the method disclosed in the literature to such a sensor, it is necessary to be able to distinguish the wet state of the object from the dry state in detail and accurately by the method.
【０００７】また、対象物への測定光および参照光の照
射は、太陽光等の他の光の影響を受けないように遮光し
た環境下で行う必要があるため、この文献の方法が適用
される環境が制限される。Further, the irradiation of the measurement light and the reference light to the object needs to be performed in a light-shielded environment so as not to be affected by other light such as sunlight. Environment is limited.
【０００８】また、文献２に開示された方法を、例えば
ロードヒーティング用のセンサに適用した場合、路面上
に積もった雪が凍結しているか、或いは溶けかけている
のか（これを、雪質、あるいは雪の湿潤度合いと称す
る。）を判別することはできない。Further, when the method disclosed in Document 2 is applied to, for example, a sensor for road heating, it is determined whether snow accumulated on a road surface is frozen or melting (this is called snow quality, Alternatively, it is not possible to determine the degree of wetness of snow.)
【０００９】また、従来、ロードヒーティング用のセン
サとしては、直径約１０ｃｍの接触型のセンサを路面に
埋め込んで、路面上の水分の有無を検出する方法が主流
である。この方法では、広い路面を小型のセンサで部分
的な箇所の判断しかできないために、誤判断が生じやす
い。例えば、センサ部分が路面からわずかにくぼみ、そ
のくぼみに水が溜まることによって、路面の他の箇所が
乾燥している状態にあっても路面が濡れているという判
断結果しか得られない。また、例えば、逆にセンサ部分
が路面からわずかに突出している場合には、濡れている
路面を乾燥状態にあると誤判断するおそれがある。これ
らの問題は、センサの数を増やすことによって解決され
る。しかしながら、センサの数を増やすことは施工上も
しくは耐久性の面から考えると実現されにくい。Conventionally, as a sensor for road heating, a method of detecting the presence or absence of moisture on a road surface by embedding a contact type sensor having a diameter of about 10 cm in the road surface has been mainly used. According to this method, a small road sensor can only determine a partial portion of a wide road surface, and thus an erroneous determination is likely to occur. For example, since the sensor portion is slightly depressed from the road surface and water accumulates in the depressed portion, only the determination result that the road surface is wet can be obtained even when other portions of the road surface are dry. Further, for example, when the sensor portion slightly protrudes from the road surface, the wet road surface may be erroneously determined to be dry. These problems are solved by increasing the number of sensors. However, increasing the number of sensors is difficult to achieve in terms of construction or durability.
【００１０】このため、屋外での湿潤度の測定に適用す
ることができ、従来よりも広範囲の領域を測定できる湿
潤度測定方法および測定装置の出現が望まれていた。ま
た、湿潤度合いの分解能のさらなる向上が図れ、かつ雪
の湿潤度合いをも判定することができる湿潤度合い判定
方法の出現が望まれていた。For this reason, there has been a demand for a method and apparatus for measuring the wetness which can be applied to the measurement of the wetness outdoors and which can measure a wider range than before. In addition, it has been desired to develop a wetness determination method that can further improve the resolution of the wetness and can also determine the wetness of snow.
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】このため、この発明の湿
潤度合い判定方法によれば、まず、対象物の湿潤度によ
り赤外線吸収が大きく変化する測定光と、対象物の湿潤
度により赤外線吸収が小さく変化する参照光とを、湿潤
度が異なる複数の対象物サンプルに対して照射し、測定
光および参照光の反射光の強度に基づいて対象物サンプ
ルの湿潤度をそれぞれ求める。そして、測定光もしくは
参照光の反射光強度を一方の軸にとり、湿潤度を他方の
軸にとって、測定した対象物サンプルの反射光強度およ
び湿潤度のデータから判定用特性図を形成する。そし
て、判定を行う対象物に測定光および参照光を照射し
て、反射光強度および湿潤度を求めて、この反射光強度
および湿潤度の値を、作成した判定用特性図に対応させ
ることによって、対象物の湿潤度合いを判定する。For this reason, according to the method for judging the degree of wetness of the present invention, first, the measurement light whose infrared absorption greatly changes depending on the degree of wetness of the object, and the infrared light absorption based on the degree of wetness of the object. A plurality of target samples having different degrees of wetness are irradiated with the reference light that changes slightly, and the wetness of the target sample is obtained based on the intensities of the measurement light and the reflected light of the reference light. Then, using the reflected light intensity of the measurement light or the reference light on one axis and the wetness on the other axis, a characteristic diagram for determination is formed from the measured data of the reflected light intensity and the wetness of the target sample. Then, the object to be determined is irradiated with the measurement light and the reference light, the reflected light intensity and the wetness are obtained, and the values of the reflected light intensity and the wetness are made to correspond to the created characteristic diagram for determination. Then, the degree of wetness of the object is determined.
【００１２】作成した判定用特性図は、一方の軸に反射
光強度をとり、他方の軸に湿潤度をとって示してある。
湿潤度は、対象物サンプル中の水分量の違いに依存する
値であり、反射光強度は、対象物サンプルの反射率に依
存する値である。対象物サンプルがサンプル中に含まれ
る水分の状態によって反射率が異なる物質であれば、反
射率強度の値から対象物の水分の状態を把握することが
できる。例えば、雪を例にとると、この水分の状態とは
雪質（雪の湿潤度合い）を意味する。日本雪氷学会によ
る雪質の判断基準は以下の通りである。In the prepared characteristic diagram for determination, the reflected light intensity is plotted on one axis and the wetness is plotted on the other axis.
The wetness is a value that depends on the difference in the amount of water in the target sample, and the reflected light intensity is a value that depends on the reflectance of the target sample. If the target sample is a substance having a different reflectance depending on the state of moisture contained in the sample, the state of moisture of the target can be grasped from the value of the reflectance intensity. For example, taking snow as an example, the moisture state means the snow quality (the degree of wetness of snow). The criteria of snow quality by the Japan Society of Snow and Ice are as follows.
【００１３】乾いている・・・握っても固まらず崩れる
状態。[0013] It is dry.
【００１４】湿っている・・・握ると雪玉ができ、ルー
ペを用いても水滴は発見されない状態。[0014] Wet ... Snowballs are formed when grasped, and no water droplets are found by using a loupe.
【００１５】濡れている・・・水滴が見え、握ると雪玉
ができる。水はしたたり落ちない状態。[0015] Wet: Water droplets can be seen and snowballs are formed when grasped. Water does not drip.
【００１６】非常に濡れている・・・握ると水がしたた
り落ちる状態。[0016] Very wet ... water drops when gripped.
【００１７】シャーベット・・・雪を持ち上げると水が
したたり落ちる状態。Sherbet: A state in which water dripping when snow is lifted.
【００１８】このような雪質（ここでは、第２の湿潤度
合いとする。）を反射光強度の値から判断することがで
きる。Such snow quality (here, the second degree of wetness) can be determined from the value of the reflected light intensity.
【００１９】また、湿潤度は、水分量により赤外線吸収
が大きく変化する測定光の反射光強度と、水分によって
赤外線吸収が小さく変化する参照光の反射光強度との比
をとって示す。このため、対象物（あるいは対象物サン
プル）の表面状態の変化に起因する反射率の変化に湿潤
度の値が影響をうけるおそれはない。The degree of wetness is indicated by the ratio of the reflected light intensity of the measurement light, whose infrared absorption changes greatly depending on the amount of water, to the reflected light intensity of the reference light, whose infrared absorption changes slightly due to the water content. Therefore, there is no possibility that the value of the degree of wetness is affected by a change in the reflectance caused by a change in the surface state of the target (or the target sample).
【００２０】また、判定特性図中では、対象物の第１の
湿潤度合いを、冠水状態から湿り状態、やや乾燥した状
態を経て乾燥した状態に至るまでのいずれかの度合いに
相当するように示し、対象物の第２の湿潤度合いを、凍
結して乾いている状態、湿っている状態、濡れている状
態、およびシャーベット状態のいずれかの状態を示す相
当領域として示すことができる。Further, in the determination characteristic diagram, the first degree of wetness of the object is shown so as to correspond to any degree from a submerged state to a wet state, or from a slightly dry state to a dry state. The second degree of wetness of the object can be indicated as a corresponding area indicating any one of a frozen and dry state, a wet state, a wet state, and a sherbet state.
【００２１】また、例えば、対象物を表面に雪が積もっ
た物体とする場合、第１の湿潤度合いは物体自体の水分
の状態を示し、第２の湿潤度合いは、雪質を示すものと
することができる。For example, when the object is an object having snow on its surface, the first degree of wetness indicates the state of moisture of the object itself, and the second degree of wetness indicates snow quality. Can be.
【００２２】このようにして形成された判定特性図を用
いることによって、従来よりも優れた湿潤度合いの分解
能での判定を行うことができ、さらに第２の湿潤度合い
として、例えば雪質の判定も行うことができる。また、
湿り状態から乾燥状態へ推移するのに伴い、対象物の反
射光強度は高くなる。このため、湿り状態から乾燥状態
までの間を反射光強度によってより詳細に区別すること
ができる。By using the determination characteristic diagram formed in this way, it is possible to make a determination with a better resolution of the degree of wetness than in the past, and to determine the second degree of wetness, for example, snow quality. It can be carried out. Also,
As the state changes from the wet state to the dry state, the reflected light intensity of the object increases. For this reason, the range from the wet state to the dry state can be distinguished in more detail by the reflected light intensity.
【００２３】また、この発明において好ましくは、対象
物サンプルもしくは対象物からの反射光の強度を、測定
光および参照光の照射に用いる照明の点灯時および消灯
時にそれぞれ測定し、点灯時の反射光強度から消灯時の
反射光強度を差し引いた値を実質反射光強度として、こ
の実質反射光強度に基づいて、対象物サンプルもしくは
対象物の湿潤度を求めるのがよい。In the present invention, preferably, the intensity of the reflected light from the object sample or the object is measured when the illumination used for irradiating the measurement light and the reference light is turned on and off, respectively, and the reflected light at the time of the lighting is measured. The value obtained by subtracting the reflected light intensity at the time of turning off the light from the intensity is regarded as the substantial reflected light intensity, and the wetness of the target sample or the target object may be obtained based on the substantial reflected light intensity.
【００２４】これにより、屋外等の外乱光の影響を受け
る環境下で反射光強度の測定を行っても、外乱光に起因
する反射光強度の増減は消灯時の反射光強度として、照
明点灯時の反射光強度の値から差し引かれる。したがっ
て、より正確な反射光強度および湿潤度を求めることが
でき、判定特性図をより精巧なものにすることが可能と
なる。また、対象物の一部に固定したり、直接接したり
することなく測定を行うことができるので、対象物のよ
り広範囲にわたる領域の湿潤度を測定することができ
る。Thus, even if the reflected light intensity is measured in an environment such as an outdoor environment affected by disturbance light, the increase or decrease in the reflected light intensity due to the disturbance light is regarded as the reflected light intensity at the time of turning off the light, and the reflected light intensity at the time of lighting is turned on. Is subtracted from the value of the reflected light intensity. Therefore, more accurate reflected light intensity and wetness can be obtained, and the determination characteristic diagram can be made more sophisticated. In addition, since the measurement can be performed without fixing or directly touching a part of the object, it is possible to measure the wetness of a wider area of the object.
【００２５】また、反射光強度の測定は、好ましくは、
照明としてフラッシュ型の照明光源を用い、測定光の反
射光を受光する測定光用受光部と、参照光の反射光を受
光する参照光用受光部とで、照明消灯時の反射光の強度
をそれぞれ測定する第１測定工程と、上記測定用受光部
と参照光用受光部とで、照明点灯時の反射光の強度をそ
れぞれ測定する第２測定工程とを含んでいる。そして、
照明の消灯および点灯の瞬間的な切り替えに応じて、第
１測定工程と第２測定工程とを、時間的な間隔を実質的
にあけることなく行う。The measurement of the reflected light intensity is preferably performed by
A flash-type illumination light source is used as the illumination, and the measurement light receiving unit that receives the reflected light of the measurement light and the reference light reception unit that receives the reflected light of the reference light reduce the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned off. The method includes a first measurement step of measuring each of them, and a second measurement step of measuring the intensity of reflected light when the illumination is turned on by the measurement light receiving unit and the reference light receiving unit. And
The first measurement step and the second measurement step are performed without substantially leaving a time interval in response to the instantaneous switching between turning off and lighting of the illumination.
【００２６】照明としてフラッシュ型の照明光源を用い
ているため、照明の消灯および点灯を瞬間的に切り替え
ることができる。また、点灯時には瞬間的であっても強
い光を発生させることができるので、反射光強度の測定
には十分な強度の照射光となる。例えば、測定を屋外で
行っている場合には太陽光が外乱光となり測定の妨げと
なる。そして、さらに雲の移動等により外乱光の強度変
化の速度が速いときには、まず、照明を消灯させた状態
での反射光強度を測定し、その直後にフラッシュ型の照
明光源を点灯して、点灯時の反射光強度を測定する。こ
れにより、外乱光の強度が変化する前に、外乱光の影響
が実質的に同じ状態で、消灯時および点灯時の反射光強
度を測定することができる。したがって、さらに正確に
反射光強度を測定することができ、正確な湿潤度を求め
ることができる。よって得られる判定特性図も精巧なも
のとなり、誤判定のおそれもなくなる。Since a flash-type illumination light source is used as illumination, it is possible to instantaneously switch off and on the illumination. In addition, at the time of lighting, strong light can be generated even momentarily, so that the irradiation light has sufficient intensity for measuring the reflected light intensity. For example, when the measurement is performed outdoors, sunlight becomes disturbance light and hinders the measurement. When the speed of the change in the intensity of the disturbance light is high due to the movement of clouds and the like, first, the reflected light intensity in a state where the illumination is turned off is measured, and immediately after that, the flash-type illumination light source is turned on and turned on. The reflected light intensity at the time is measured. Thus, before the intensity of the disturbance light changes, it is possible to measure the reflected light intensity when the light is turned off and when the light is turned on while the influence of the disturbance light is substantially the same. Therefore, the reflected light intensity can be measured more accurately, and an accurate wetness can be obtained. Accordingly, the obtained determination characteristic diagram is also sophisticated, and the possibility of erroneous determination is eliminated.
【００２７】また、このような湿潤度の測定方法に用い
る測定装置は、フラッシュ型の照明光源と、対象物の湿
潤度により赤外線吸収が変化する測定光の反射光を受光
して、当該反射光の強度（測定反射光強度ともいう。）
を測定する測定光用受光部と、対象物の湿潤度により赤
外線吸収が実質的に変化しない参照光の反射光を受光し
て、当該反射光の強度（参照反射光強度ともいう。）を
測定する参照光用受光部とを具えているのがよい。The measuring apparatus used in the method for measuring the degree of wetness includes a flash-type illumination light source and reflected light of measurement light whose infrared absorption changes depending on the degree of wetness of an object, and receives the reflected light. Intensity (also referred to as measured reflected light intensity)
And the reflected light of the reference light whose infrared absorption does not substantially change due to the wetness of the object, and measures the intensity of the reflected light (also referred to as reference reflected light intensity). And a light receiving unit for a reference light.
【００２８】フラッシュ型の照明光源としては、水に対
して高い吸収性を有する波長の赤外線およびその他の赤
外線を含む光を発生する、例えばキセノン・ランプ（チ
ューブとも称する。）を用いることができる。これによ
り、照明の点灯から消灯への切り替え、または消灯から
点灯への切り替えは瞬間的に行うことができる。As the flash-type illumination light source, for example, a xenon lamp (also referred to as a tube) that generates light including infrared rays having a wavelength highly absorbing water and other infrared rays can be used. Thus, switching from lighting to off or from lighting to off can be performed instantaneously.
【００２９】また、測定光用受光部と参照光用受光部と
の２つの受光部を設けているので、対象物からの反射光
を、２つの受光部で実質的同時に受光することができ
る。このため、フラッシュ型の照明光源によって数十ｍ
ｓという短時間の点灯による測定であっても、十分に測
定光および参照光の反射光強度を実質的に同時に測定す
ることができる。Further, since two light receiving units, ie, the measuring light receiving unit and the reference light receiving unit, are provided, the reflected light from the object can be received substantially simultaneously by the two light receiving units. For this reason, several tens of meters using a flash-type illumination light source
Even in the measurement by lighting for a short time of s, the reflected light intensities of the measurement light and the reference light can be measured substantially simultaneously.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図を参照してこの発明の実
施の形態につき説明する。なお、各図は発明を理解でき
る程度に各構成成分の形状、大きさおよび配置関係を概
略的に示してあるに過ぎず、したがってこの発明を図示
例に限定するものではない。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the drawings merely schematically show the shapes, sizes, and arrangements of the components so that the present invention can be understood, and thus the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples.
【００３１】まず、図１〜図６を参照して、この発明の
湿潤度合い判定方法につき説明する。図１は、判定用特
性図である。図２は、測定光および参照光の反射光強度
を測定する装置の概略的な構成図である。また、図３
は、外乱光として太陽光の存在下で測定を行う場合の照
明消灯時の測定模式図であり、図４は太陽光の存在下で
の測定で、照明点灯時の測定模式図である。また、図５
はフラッシュ型の照明光源と、２つの受光部とを具えた
湿潤度測定装置の概略図であり、太陽光の存在下での照
明消灯時の測定模式図である。また、図６は、図５と同
様の測定装置を用いた照明点灯時の測定模式図である。First, a method for determining the degree of wetness according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram for determination. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for measuring the reflected light intensity of the measurement light and the reference light. FIG.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of measurement when lighting is turned off when performing measurement in the presence of sunlight as disturbance light, and Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of measurement in the presence of sunlight and lighting of lighting. FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wetness measuring device provided with a flash-type illumination light source and two light receiving units, and is a schematic measurement diagram when lighting is turned off in the presence of sunlight. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of measurement using the same measuring device as that shown in FIG. 5 at the time of lighting.
【００３２】この発明の湿潤度合い判定方法は、まず、
対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収が大きく変化する測定
光と、対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収が小さく変化す
る参照光とを用いる。これら測定光および参照光を、湿
潤度が異なる複数の対象物サンプルに対して照射し、測
定光および参照光の反射光の強度に基づいて対象物サン
プルの湿潤度をそれぞれ求める。The method for judging the degree of wetness of the present invention comprises:
The measurement light whose infrared absorption changes greatly depending on the degree of wetness of the object and the reference light whose infrared absorption changes slightly depending on the degree of wetness of the object are used. The measurement light and the reference light are applied to a plurality of target samples having different degrees of wetness, and the wetness of the target sample is determined based on the intensities of the reflected light of the measurement light and the reference light.
【００３３】ここでは、対象物サンプルを、例えば雪の
積もった路面とする。そして、測定光を、水に対する吸
収性の高い波長のうちの１つである例えば１４５０ｎｍ
の波長の赤外線とする。また、ここでは測定光をＩ1と
する。また、参照光は、Ｉ1とは波長の異なる赤外線
（例えば、波長１６８０ｎｍとする。）であり、Ｉ2で
示す。まず、Ｉ1およびＩ2を含む光を照射する照明光源
１２、例えばハロゲンライトを用意する。照明光源１２
から光を対象物１４としての路面の一部の領域に照射す
る。その後、路面１４から反射した反射光を、切替装置
１６を具えたバンドパスフィルタを用いて、測定光Ｉ1
の反射光（すなわち測定反射光）Ｒ1の波長の光を透過
する第１バンドパスフィルタ１８から反射光Ｒ1の強度
（強度もＲ1で示す。）を受光部２０である赤外線セン
サで測定する。次に、切替装置１６により第２バンドパ
スフィルタ２２に切り替えて、参照光Ｉ2の反射光（す
なわち参照反射光）Ｒ2の強度（強度もＲ2で示す。）を
同じ赤外線センサ２０で測定する。湿潤度（Ｗ）は、下
記（１）式で示されるものとする。Here, the target object sample is, for example, a road surface with snow. Then, the measurement light is set to one of the wavelengths having a high absorptivity to water, for example, 1450 nm.
Infrared light having a wavelength of Here, the measurement light is assumed to be I 1 . The reference light is infrared light having a different wavelength from I 1 (for example, a wavelength of 1680 nm), and is indicated by I 2 . First, an illumination light source 12 for irradiating light including I 1 and I 2 , for example, a halogen light is prepared. Illumination light source 12
Irradiates light to a partial area of the road surface as the object 14. After that, the reflected light reflected from the road surface 14 is measured by the measurement light I 1 using a band-pass filter having a switching device 16.
The intensity of the reflected light R 1 (the intensity is also indicated by R 1 ) from the first bandpass filter 18 transmitting the light having the wavelength of the reflected light R 1 (that is, the measured reflected light) is measured by the infrared sensor as the light receiving unit 20. I do. Then, by the switching device 16 is switched to the second band-pass filter 22, the measurement reference beam I 2 of the reflected light (i.e. the reflected reference beam) R 2 of the intensity (strength shown by R 2.) In the same infrared sensor 20 I do. The wetness (W) is represented by the following equation (1).
【００３４】Ｗ＝Ｒ2／Ｒ1・・・（１） 上記（１）式において、Ｒ1およびＲ2は測定された反射
光の強度である。W = R 2 / R 1 (1) In the above equation (1), R 1 and R 2 are the measured reflected light intensities.
【００３５】このようにして、複数の対象物サンプルに
対して、反射光強度Ｒ1、Ｒ2および湿潤度Ｗを測定する
（図２）。In this way, the reflected light intensities R 1 and R 2 and the wetness W are measured for a plurality of target object samples (FIG. 2).
【００３６】なお、測定したＲ1およびＲ2を一旦記録す
るメモリと、このメモリからＲ1およびＲ2を読み出し
て、（１）式のＷを計算する演算部、いわゆるＣＰＵ
（マイクロプロセッサ）を利用して容易に形成できる。
このＣＰＵを赤外線センサに埋め込んでおいても良い
し、赤外線センサとは別体に設けておいても良い。A memory for temporarily recording the measured R 1 and R 2 , and an arithmetic unit for reading out R 1 and R 2 from this memory and calculating W in the equation (1), a so-called CPU
(Microprocessor) can be easily formed.
This CPU may be embedded in the infrared sensor, or may be provided separately from the infrared sensor.
【００３７】次に、測定光もしくは参照光の反射光強度
（Ｒ1もしくはＲ2）を一方の軸にとり、湿潤度（Ｗ）を
他方の軸にとって、測定した対象物サンプルの反射光強
度および湿潤度のデータから判定用特性図を作成する。Next, taking the reflected light intensity (R 1 or R 2 ) of the measurement light or the reference light on one axis and the wetness (W) on the other axis, the reflected light intensity and the wetness of the measured object sample are taken. A judgment characteristic chart is created from the degree data.
【００３８】対象物サンプルとして、路面の乾燥した部
分、湿った部分、水に濡れている（冠水状態）部分およ
び積雪部分の測定を行い、積雪部分については、さらに
細かく、雪が凍結して乾いている状態、雪が湿っている
状態、およびシャーベット状態にある部分についてそれ
ぞれ測定を行う。As a sample of the object, a dry portion, a wet portion, a portion that is wet with water (submerged state) and a snow portion are measured, and the snow portion is finer, and the snow freezes and dries. The measurement is performed for each of the part in the wet state, the snowy state, and the sherbet state.
【００３９】このようにして得られた測定データを、そ
れぞれ、横軸に例えば測定光の反射光強度Ｒ1をとり縦
軸に湿潤度Ｗをとったグラフにプロットした後模式化す
ると、図１に示すような特性図が得られる。これによれ
ば、対象物の第１の湿潤度合いは、冠水状態から湿り状
態、やや乾燥した状態を経て乾燥した状態に至るまでの
いずれかの度合いに相当するように示される。また、対
象物の第２の湿潤度合い（例えば、雪の湿潤度合い）
は、凍結して乾いている状態（雪質で言うと、乾燥雪）
５０、湿っている状態（雪質で言うと、握れる状態）５
２、濡れている状態（雪質で言うと、握ると水が滴る状
態）５４、およびシャーベット状態（雪質で言うと、持
ち上げただけで水が滴る状態）５６のうちのいずれかの
状態の相当領域で示される。よって、この実施の形態の
場合には、対象物の反射光強度Ｒ1および湿潤度Ｗの値
から、水分の状態を明確に判別することができる。ま
た、乾燥した部分と湿った部分との間は、図１の縦軸方
向で示されるように湿潤度の差はそれほどないが、反射
光強度に差がある、すなわち乾燥するにしたがって反射
光強度が高くなっているためにより詳細に区別ができ
る。また、積雪部分の雪質（第２の湿潤度合い）は、乾
いている状態５０ほど反射光強度が高く、シャーベット
状態５６に近づくにしたがって、つまり雪中の水分量が
多くなるにしたがって反射光強度が低くなっている。こ
れにより、この特性図を用いれば、雪質についても判別
することが可能である。The measurement data thus obtained is plotted on a graph in which, for example, the reflected light intensity R 1 of the measurement light is plotted on the horizontal axis and the wetness W is plotted on the vertical axis. The characteristic diagram shown in FIG. According to this, the first degree of wetness of the object is indicated to correspond to any degree from a submerged state to a wet state, to a slightly dry state to a dry state. Also, the second degree of wetness of the object (for example, the degree of wetness of snow)
Is frozen and dry (in terms of snow quality, dry snow)
50, moist condition (speaking of snow quality, gripping condition) 5
2, one of a wet state 54 (in the case of snow, water drops when grasped) 54 and a sherbet state (in the case of snow, water just drops when lifted) 56 It is indicated by the corresponding area. Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, the state of moisture can be clearly determined from the values of the reflected light intensity R 1 and the wetness W of the target object. Further, between the dry part and the wet part, there is not much difference in the degree of wetness as shown by the vertical axis direction in FIG. 1, but there is a difference in the reflected light intensity. Can be distinguished in more detail because the The snow quality (second degree of wetness) of the snow-covered portion is such that the reflected light intensity is higher in the dry state 50, and the reflected light intensity is closer to the sherbet state 56, that is, as the water content in the snow increases. Is low. Thus, it is possible to determine the snow quality using this characteristic diagram.
【００４０】よって、判定を行う未知の対象物としての
路面部分に対して、測定光および参照光を照射し、それ
ぞれ反射光強度を測定し、この値から湿潤度を求めて、
上記の判定用特性図にこれらの値を対応させることによ
って、この路面部分の湿潤度合いおよびこの路面部分に
積もった雪の湿潤度合いを判定することができる。Therefore, the measuring light and the reference light are irradiated to the road surface portion as an unknown object to be determined, the reflected light intensity is measured, and the wettability is obtained from this value.
By associating these values with the above-described characteristic diagram for determination, it is possible to determine the degree of wetness of the road surface portion and the degree of wetness of snow accumulated on the road surface portion.
【００４１】なお、この判定用特性図は、上述したＣＰ
Ｕを利用してＲ1またはＲ2とＷから容易に作成できると
共に、その結果を例えばディスプレイとか紙とかのよう
な適当な方法で表示させることも可能である。It should be noted that this characteristic diagram for determination is based on the CP described above.
Using the U with easily created from R 1 or R 2 and W, it is also possible to display the results in example display Toka suitable manner, such as Toka paper.
【００４２】また、図３および図４を参照して、図２に
示した測定装置を用いて、定常的に外乱光の影響を受け
る環境下、例えば太陽光の影響を受ける屋外で測定を行
う場合について、説明する。Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the measurement is performed in an environment that is constantly affected by disturbance light, for example, in an outdoor environment that is affected by sunlight, using the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. The case will be described.
【００４３】このような場合には、１つの測定箇所につ
いて、照明の点灯時および消灯時の反射光強度を測定す
る。そして、点灯時の反射光強度から消灯時の反射光強
度を差し引いた値を実質反射光強度として、この実質反
射光強度に基づいて、対象物サンプルもしくは対象物１
４の湿潤度を求める。In such a case, the reflected light intensity at the time of turning on and off the illumination is measured for one measurement point. Then, a value obtained by subtracting the intensity of the reflected light at the time of turning off from the intensity of the reflected light at the time of lighting is defined as the substantial reflected light intensity.
4 is determined.
【００４４】図３は、照明を消灯した状態を示す。消灯
時には、対象物１４に定常的な外乱光が照射されてお
り、この外乱光には、測定光Ｉ1および参照光Ｉ2と同じ
波長の赤外線ＩＳ1およびＩＳ2が含まれている。よっ
て、消灯した状態で反射光強度を測定すれば、定常的な
外乱光に起因する反射光強度の値ＲＳ1およびＲＳ2を得
ることができる。測定光Ｉ1と同じ波長の外乱光ＩＳ1の
反射光強度ＲＳ1を、第１バンドパスフィルタ１８を用
いて赤外線センサ２０で測定し、次に、バンドパスフィ
ルタを第２バンドパスフィルタ２２に切り替えて、参照
光Ｉ2と同じ波長の外乱光ＩＳ2の反射光強度ＲＳ2を赤
外線センサ２０で測定する。FIG. 3 shows a state where the illumination is turned off. When the light is turned off, the object 14 is irradiated with stationary disturbance light, and the disturbance light includes infrared rays IS 1 and IS 2 having the same wavelength as the measurement light I 1 and the reference light I 2 . Thus, by measuring the reflected light intensity in off state, it is possible to obtain the value RS 1 and RS 2 of the reflected light intensity due to the steady disturbance light. The reflected light intensity RS 1 of disturbance light IS 1 of the measuring light I 1 and the same wavelength was measured with infrared sensor 20 by using the first band-pass filter 18, then, the band-pass filter to the second band-pass filter 22 switched, the disturbance light iS 2 having the same wavelength as the reference light I 2 reflected light intensity RS 2 is measured by the infrared sensor 20.
【００４５】また、図４は、照明を点灯した状態を示
す。点灯時には、対象物１４にＩＳ1およびＩＳ2を含む
定常的な外乱光と測定光Ｉ1と参照光Ｉ2とが照射され
る。このため、第１バンドパスフィルタ１８を用いて、
反射光強度を測定すると、測定光の波長の光の反射光強
度Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1が得られ、第２バンドパスフィルタ２２を
用いて反射光強度を測定すると、参照光の波長の光の反
射光強度Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2が得られる。FIG. 4 shows a state in which the lighting is turned on. At the time of lighting, the object 14 is irradiated with stationary disturbance light including IS 1 and IS 2 , measurement light I 1 and reference light I 2 . Therefore, using the first band-pass filter 18,
When the reflected light intensity is measured, the reflected light intensity R 1 + RS 1 of the light having the wavelength of the measurement light is obtained. When the reflected light intensity is measured using the second bandpass filter 22, the reflected light having the wavelength of the reference light is obtained. The intensity R 2 + RS 2 is obtained.
【００４６】次に、点灯時の反射光強度Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1から
消灯時の反射光強度ＲＳ1を差し引いて、測定光の実質
的反射光強度（すなわち、測定反射光強度）Ｒ1を求め
る。また、点灯時の反射光強度Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2から消灯時の
反射光強度ＲＳ2を差し引いて、参照光の実質的反射光
強度（すなわち、参照反射光強度）Ｒ2を求める。そし
て、これらの実質的反射光強度の値から、湿潤度Ｗを求
める。よって、湿潤度Ｗは下記の（２）式を用いて求め
ることができる。Next, by subtracting the reflected light intensity RS 1 at the time of turning off from the reflected light intensity R 1 + RS 1 at the time of lighting, a substantial reflected light intensity (ie, measured reflected light intensity) R 1 of the measuring light is obtained. Further, by subtracting the reflected light intensity RS 2 during off from the reflected light intensity R 2 + RS 2 at the time of lighting, substantially reflected light intensity of the reference light (i.e., the reference reflected light intensity) is obtained R 2. Then, the wetness W is determined from these values of the substantial reflected light intensity. Therefore, the degree of wettability W can be obtained using the following equation (2).
【００４７】 Ｗ＝（（Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2）−ＲＳ2）／（（Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1）−ＲＳ1）・・・（２） これにより、外乱光があっても、より正確な反射光強度
および湿潤度を求めることができ、判定特性図をより精
巧なものにすることが可能となる。なお、測定されたＲ
1、Ｒ2、ＲＳ1、ＲＳ2とから、（２）式のＷを求め、そ
の結果から判定特性図を表示するのは、図２で説明した
と同様に、適当なＣＰＵを用いて容易に実行することが
可能である。W = ((R 2 + RS 2 ) −RS 2 ) / ((R 1 + RS 1 ) −RS 1 ) (2) Accordingly, even if there is disturbance light, more accurate reflected light intensity can be obtained. And the degree of wetness can be determined, and the determination characteristic diagram can be made more sophisticated. Note that the measured R
It is easy to determine the W of equation (2) from 1 , R 2 , RS 1 , and RS 2 and display the determination characteristic diagram from the result, using an appropriate CPU, as described with reference to FIG. It is possible to execute.
【００４８】また、図５および図６を参照して、外乱光
の強度が定常的なものではなく、短時間で強度が変化す
るような環境下で測定を行う場合について説明する。Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, a case will be described in which the measurement is performed in an environment where the intensity of the disturbance light is not stationary but changes in a short time.
【００４９】このような場合は、図５および図６に示す
ようなフラッシュ型の照明光源３０と、２つの赤外線セ
ンサ３２，３４とを具えた装置を用いて、照明点灯時お
よび照明消灯時の反射光強度測定を行うのがよい。２つ
の赤外線センサのうちの１つは、測定光の反射光を受光
する測定光用受光部（第１センサ）３２であり、もう１
つは参照光の反射光を受光する参照光用受光部（第２セ
ンサ）３４である。そして、反射光強度の測定は、第１
センサ３２と第２センサ３４とを用いて照明消灯時の反
射光の強度を測定する第１測定工程と、第１センサ３２
と第２センサ３４とを用いて照明点灯時の反射光の強度
を測定する第２測定工程とを含んでいる。また、フラッ
シュ型の照明光源３０の消灯および点灯の瞬間的な切り
替えに応じて、第１測定工程と第２測定工程とを時間的
な間隔を実質的にあけることなく行う。In such a case, a device including a flash-type illumination light source 30 and two infrared sensors 32 and 34 as shown in FIGS. Preferably, reflected light intensity measurement is performed. One of the two infrared sensors is a measuring light receiving section (first sensor) 32 for receiving reflected light of the measuring light, and another
One is a reference light receiving section (second sensor) 34 for receiving the reflected light of the reference light. The measurement of the reflected light intensity is based on the first
A first measuring step of measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned off using the sensor 32 and the second sensor 34;
And a second measuring step of measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned on using the second sensor 34 and the second sensor 34. In addition, the first measurement step and the second measurement step are performed without substantially leaving a time interval in response to instantaneous switching between turning off and lighting of the flash-type illumination light source 30.
【００５０】図５を参照して説明する。図５は、フラッ
シュ型の照明光源３０の消灯時の測定の模式図である。
フラッシュ型の照明光源３０と、反射光のうちの測定光
Ｉ1と同じ波長の光を透過する第１バンドパスフィルタ
１８と、この第１バンドパスフィルタ１８を透過した光
を受光しその強度を測定する第１センサ３２と、反射光
のうちの参照光Ｉ2と同じ波長の光を透過する第２バン
ドパスフィルタ２２と、この第２バンドパスフィルタ２
２を透過した光を受光しその強度を測定する第２センサ
３４とを具えている。測定を屋外で行う場合、照明消灯
時、対象物１４には外乱光が照射されている。ここで
は、この外乱光を太陽光とする。太陽光には測定光Ｉ1
および参照光Ｉ2と同じ波長の赤外線ＩＳ1およびＩＳ2
が含まれている。この状態で反射光強度の測定を行う
と、第１センサ３２によってＩＳ1の反射光が受光さ
れ、反射光強度ＲＳ1が得られる。また、第２センサ３
４によってＩＳ2の反射光が受光され、反射光強度ＲＳ2
が得られる。これにより第１の測定工程が終了する。A description will be given with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of measurement when the flash-type illumination light source 30 is turned off.
An illumination light source 30 of the flash type, a first band-pass filter 18 which transmits light of the same wavelength as the measurement light I 1 of the reflected light, the intensity receiving light transmitted through the first band-pass filter 18 a first sensor 32 for measuring a second bandpass filter 22 which transmits light of the reference light I 2 and the same wavelength of the reflected light, the second band pass filter 2
And a second sensor 34 for receiving the light transmitted through the second sensor 2 and measuring the intensity thereof. When the measurement is performed outdoors, when the illumination is turned off, the object 14 is irradiated with disturbance light. Here, this disturbance light is assumed to be sunlight. Measurement light I 1 for sunlight
And infrared IS 1 of the same wavelength as the reference light I 2 and IS 2
It is included. When the measurement of reflected light intensity in this state, the reflected light of the IS 1 by the first sensor 32 is received, it reflected light intensity RS 1 is obtained. Also, the second sensor 3
4, the reflected light of IS 2 is received, and the reflected light intensity RS 2
Is obtained. Thus, the first measurement step ends.
【００５１】第１の測定工程が終了した直後、瞬間的に
フラッシュ型の照明光源３０を点灯する。この点灯時間
は、数十ｍｓ程度である。この点灯により、対象物１４
にＩＳ1およびＩＳ2を含む外乱光と測定光Ｉ1と参照光
Ｉ2とが照射される。そして、対象物１４からの反射光
を第１センサ３２および第２センサ３４で受光してその
強度を測定すると、測定光Ｉ1の波長の光の反射光強度
Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1と参照光Ｉ2の波長の光の反射光強度Ｒ2＋Ｒ
Ｓ2とが得られる。これにより、第２の測定工程が終了
する（図６）。Immediately after the first measurement step is completed, the flash-type illumination light source 30 is turned on instantaneously. This lighting time is about several tens of ms. By this lighting, the object 14
And the reference light I 2 is irradiated IS 1 and IS 2 and ambient light including the measurement light I 1 in. Then, the object when measuring the intensity of the reflected light from the 14 is received by the first sensor 32 and second sensor 34, the measurement light reflected light intensity of the light having a wavelength of I 1 R 1 + RS 1 and the reference beam I 2 Reflected light intensity R 2 + R of light of wavelength
And S 2 can be obtained. Thereby, the second measurement step ends (FIG. 6).
【００５２】よって、第１の測定工程および第２の測定
工程を、時間的な間隔をあけることなく外乱光の変化時
間よりも短時間の間に行うことができる。したがって、
第１の測定工程中の外乱光の影響と、第２の測定工程中
の外乱光の影響とは実質的に同程度とみなすことができ
るので、照明点灯時の反射光強度Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1から消灯時
の反射光強度ＲＳ1を差し引いて得られる、測定光の実
質的反射光強度（すなわち、測定反射光強度）Ｒ1と、
点灯時の反射光強度Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2から消灯時の反射光強度
ＲＳ2を差し引いて得られる、参照光の実質的反射光強
度（すなわち、参照反射光強度）Ｒ2とは、誤差の低減
された精度の高い値となる。このため、これらの値Ｒ1
およびＲ2から求められる湿潤度Ｗ（Ｗ＝Ｒ2／Ｒ1）
は、信頼性の高い値となる。よって、より正確な判定特
性図を形成することができる。Therefore, the first measurement step and the second measurement step can be performed within a shorter time than the change time of the disturbance light without leaving a time interval. Therefore,
Since the influence of the disturbance light during the first measurement step and the influence of the disturbance light during the second measurement step can be regarded as substantially the same, from the reflected light intensity R 1 + RS 1 when the illumination is turned on. A substantial reflected light intensity of the measuring light (ie, a measured reflected light intensity) R 1 obtained by subtracting the reflected light intensity RS 1 at the time of turning off the light;
From the reflected light intensity R 2 + RS 2 at the time of lighting is obtained by subtracting the reflected light intensity RS 2 during off, substantially the reflected light intensity of the reference light (i.e., the reference reflected light intensity) and R 2 is the reduction of the error Value with high accuracy. Therefore, these values R 1
And the wettability W determined from R 2 (W = R 2 / R 1 )
Is a highly reliable value. Therefore, a more accurate determination characteristic diagram can be formed.
【００５３】なお、この場合にも、第１センサ３２また
は第２センサ３４のいずれかに、或いはこれら第１およ
び第２センサとは別個にＣＰＵを設けておいて、既に図
２で説明したと同様に、このＣＰＵを用いて、測定した
Ｒ1、Ｒ2、ＲＳ1、ＲＳ2からＷを求め、その結果から判
定用特性図を作成し、その結果を表示させることが可能
である。第１センサ３２または第２センサ３４のいずれ
かにＣＰＵを設ける場合には、ＣＰＵが設けられていな
い方のセンサで測定される反射光強度の値がＣＰＵに伝
送されるように、第１センサ３２と第２センサ３４との
間に、データの伝送手段を具えている。図５および図６
では、このような伝送手段を点線の双頭の矢印で示して
いる。In this case as well, a CPU is provided in either the first sensor 32 or the second sensor 34 or separately from the first and second sensors, and it is assumed that the CPU has already been described with reference to FIG. Similarly, using this CPU, it is possible to obtain W from the measured R 1 , R 2 , RS 1 , and RS 2 , create a characteristic diagram for determination from the result, and display the result. In the case where a CPU is provided in either the first sensor 32 or the second sensor 34, the first sensor is provided so that the value of the reflected light intensity measured by the sensor without the CPU is transmitted to the CPU. Data transmission means is provided between the second sensor 32 and the second sensor 34. 5 and 6
Here, such a transmission means is indicated by a dotted double-headed arrow.
【００５４】[0054]
【実施例】以下、この発明の湿潤度合い判定方法および
湿潤度測定方法について、いくつかの具体例を挙げてそ
れぞれ説明する。しかしながら、以下の説明中で挙げる
赤外線の使用波長、対象物などの条件はこれら発明の範
囲内の一例にすぎないことを理解されたい。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method for judging the degree of wetting and the method for measuring the degree of wetting according to the present invention will be described below with reference to some specific examples. However, it should be understood that the conditions such as the wavelength of the infrared light used and the object mentioned in the following description are merely examples within the scope of the present invention.
【００５５】＜参考例＞まず、参考例として、図２の測
定装置を用いてアスファルトの路面の湿潤度を測定す
る。この参考例は、測定光および参照光の反射光強度を
測定して、これらの値から求められる湿潤度が、対象物
の水分量とどのように関係しているかを確認するための
例である。<Reference Example> First, as a reference example, the degree of wetness of the asphalt road surface is measured using the measuring device of FIG. This reference example is an example for measuring the reflected light intensity of the measurement light and the reference light, and confirming how the wetness determined from these values is related to the water content of the object. .
【００５６】ここでは、測定光Ｉ1を１４５０ｎｍと
し、参照光Ｉ2を１６８０ｎｍとする。そして、測定光
Ｉ1および参照光Ｉ2の波長を含む照明光源１２として、
例えばハロゲンライトを用いる。また、Ｉ1およびＩ2の
波長を検出することができる赤外線センサ２０が設置さ
れている。また、対象物１４からの反射光のうちＩ1の
反射光Ｒ1を選択的に透過する第１バンドパスフィルタ
１８と、Ｉ2の反射光Ｒ2を透過する第２バンドパスフィ
ルタ２２とが、フィルタ切替装置１６によって随時切り
替え可能な状態で、反射光が赤外線センサ２０へ受光す
る光路に設置されている。これにより、Ｒ1の検出時に
は、第１バンドパスフィルタ１８によってＲ1を選択的
に透過して、赤外線センサ２０で反射光強度を測定する
ことができる。また、Ｒ2の検出時にはフィルタ切替装
置１６で第２バンドパスフィルタ２２に切り替えること
により、Ｒ2を選択的に透過して、赤外線センサ２０で
反射光強度を測定することができる。水は、１６８０ｎ
ｍの波長の赤外線（Ｉ2）よりも１４５０ｎｍの波長の
赤外線（Ｉ1）の吸収率が高いので、水分の多い対象物
１４からの反射光は、Ｒ2よりもＲ1の強度が小さくな
る。よって湿潤度Ｗ（Ｗ＝Ｒ 2／Ｒ1）の値は大きくな
る。Here, the measurement light I1With 1450 nm
And the reference light ITwoIs set to 1680 nm. And the measuring light
I1And reference light ITwoAs the illumination light source 12 including the wavelength of
For example, a halogen light is used. Also, I1And ITwoof
An infrared sensor 20 capable of detecting a wavelength is installed.
Have been. Also, of the reflected light from the object 14, I1of
Reflected light R1Bandpass filter that selectively transmits light
18 and ITwoReflected light R ofTwoSecond bandpass filter that transmits
Filter 22 is switched off by the filter switching device 16 as needed.
The reflected light is received by the infrared sensor 20 in a replaceable state.
Installed in the optical path. This gives R1At the time of detection
Is calculated by the first bandpass filter 18 as R1Selective
And the reflected light intensity is measured by the infrared sensor 20
be able to. Also, RTwoFilter switching device when detecting
Switching to the second bandpass filter 22 at the device 16
By RTwoIs selectively transmitted through the infrared sensor 20.
The reflected light intensity can be measured. Water is 1680n
m wavelength infrared (ITwo) Than at a wavelength of 1450 nm
Infrared (I1) Has a high absorption rate, making
The reflected light from 14 is RTwoR than1The strength of
You. Therefore, the wetness W (W = R Two/ R1) Value is large
You.
【００５７】ここで、濡れたアスファルト路面１４を対
象物として、上記の方法により１０分毎に湿潤度を測定
する。図７は、アスファルト路面が時間の経過に伴って
乾燥していく過程を示すグラフである。横軸に時間
（分）をとり、縦軸に湿潤度（Ｗ：任意単位）をとって
示してある。図７に示す測定結果によれば、湿潤度は時
間の経過と共に減少している。これは、対象物１４であ
るアスファルト路面の水分量が減少している、すなわち
乾燥していることを意味している。これにより、反射光
強度から求められる湿潤度Ｗは、対象物１４であるアス
ファルトの水分量（湿潤度合い）に依存する値であるこ
とが確認できる。Here, the wetness level is measured every 10 minutes by using the wet asphalt road surface 14 as an object. FIG. 7 is a graph showing a process in which an asphalt road surface dries with time. The horizontal axis indicates time (minutes), and the vertical axis indicates wetness (W: arbitrary unit). According to the measurement results shown in FIG. 7, the wetness decreases with the passage of time. This means that the water content of the asphalt road surface, which is the object 14, is reduced, that is, the object 14 is dry. Thereby, it can be confirmed that the wetness W obtained from the reflected light intensity is a value dependent on the water content (wetness) of the asphalt as the object 14.
【００５８】＜実施例１＞実施例１として、図８および
図９を参照して、屋外の融雪用ロードヒーティング設備
を具えたアスファルト路面を対象物として湿潤度を求め
る。そして、この湿潤度を所定時間毎に求めて、時間経
過に伴うアスファルト路面の湿潤度合いの変化を調べ
る。図８は、所定時間毎に行われる、湿潤度を求めるた
めの測定の一連の手順を表す流れ図である。また、図９
は時間経過に伴う湿潤度の変化を示す特性図である。横
軸に時刻をとり、縦軸に湿潤度（任意単位）をとって示
してある。<Embodiment 1> As Embodiment 1, referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the degree of wetness is determined for an asphalt road surface provided with an outdoor snow melting road heating facility. Then, the degree of wetness is obtained at predetermined time intervals, and a change in the degree of wetness of the asphalt road surface over time is examined. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a series of procedures of measurement for obtaining the degree of wetness, which is performed every predetermined time. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in the degree of wetness over time. The horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates wetness (arbitrary unit).
【００５９】反射光強度の測定は、午前１時から１１時
まで１０分毎に行った。この測定は、図８に示すよう
に、まず、照明を消灯にした後（Ｓ１）、フィルタ切替
装置により第１バンドパスフィルタを選択して（Ｓ
２）、外乱光中の測定光Ｉ1と同波長の赤外線ＩＳ1の反
射光ＲＳ1の強度を測定する（Ｓ３）。次にフィルタ切
替装置により第２バンドパスフィルタを選択して（Ｓ
４）、外乱光中の参照光Ｉ2と同波長の赤外線ＩＳ2の反
射光ＲＳ2の強度を測定する（Ｓ５）。次に、照明を点
灯させて（Ｓ６）、第１バンドパスフィルタを選択して
（Ｓ７）、測定光Ｉ1と外乱光中のＩＳ1との反射光（Ｒ
1＋ＲＳ1）の強度を測定する（Ｓ８）。次に、第２バン
ドパスフィルタを選択して（Ｓ９）、参照光Ｉ2と外乱
光中のＩＳ2との反射光（Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2）の強度を測定す
る（Ｓ１０）。その後、照明を消灯にする（Ｓ１１）。The reflected light intensity was measured every 10 minutes from 1:00 to 11:00. In this measurement, as shown in FIG. 8, after turning off the illumination (S1), the first bandpass filter is selected by the filter switching device (S1).
2), measures the intensity of the reflected light RS 1 infrared IS 1 of the measuring light I 1 and the wavelength in the ambient light (S3). Next, the second band pass filter is selected by the filter switching device (S
4), measures the intensity of the reflected light RS 2 infrared IS 2 of the same wavelength as the reference light I 2 in ambient light (S5). Next, it is lit illumination (S6), and select the first band-pass filter (S7), the measurement light I 1 and the reflected light of the IS 1 in ambient light (R
1 + RS 1 ) is measured (S8). Next, the second band pass filter is selected (S9), and the intensity of the reflected light (R 2 + RS 2 ) between the reference light I 2 and IS 2 in the disturbance light is measured (S10). Thereafter, the lighting is turned off (S11).
【００６０】この結果、得られる４つの反射光強度の値
から湿潤度Ｗを求める。ここでは、下記（２）式に、こ
れらの反射光強度の値を対応させて、外乱光の影響分の
反射光強度を補正した湿潤度Ｗを求める。As a result, the wetting degree W is obtained from the four values of the reflected light intensity obtained. Here, the value of the reflected light intensity is made to correspond to the following equation (2), and the wetness W obtained by correcting the reflected light intensity for the influence of the disturbance light is obtained.
【００６１】 Ｗ＝（（Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2）−ＲＳ2）／（（Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1）−ＲＳ1）・・・（２） 午前１時から１０分毎に湿潤度Ｗを求めて、横軸に時刻
をとり、縦軸に湿潤度Ｗをとった特性図に、プロットす
ると、図９の実線で示すような特性曲線が得られる。W = ((R 2 + RS 2 ) −RS 2 ) / ((R 1 + RS 1 ) −RS 1 ) (2) The wetness W is obtained every 10 minutes from 1:00 am, and When plotted on a characteristic diagram in which time is taken on the axis and wetness W is taken on the vertical axis, a characteristic curve as shown by a solid line in FIG. 9 is obtained.
【００６２】また、比較例として、この実施例１と同様
に、午前１時から１１時まで１０分毎に、照明点灯時の
反射光強度（（Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1）および（Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2））の
みを測定する。そして、この値から下記（３）式を用い
て湿潤度ｗを求める。As a comparative example, similarly to the first embodiment, the reflected light intensity ((R 1 + RS 1 ) and (R 2 + RS 2 ) when the lighting is turned on every 10 minutes from 1 am to 11 am ) Only. Then, the wettability w is obtained from this value using the following equation (3).
【００６３】 ｗ＝（Ｒ2＋ＲＳ2）／（Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1）・・・（３） このようにして求められた湿潤度ｗは、外乱光により変
動する反射光強度が補正されていない。そして、図９に
午前１時から１１時まで測定して得られた湿潤度ｗをプ
ロットし、得られる特性曲線を一点破線で示す。W = (R 2 + RS 2 ) / (R 1 + RS 1 ) (3) In the wetness w obtained in this way, the reflected light intensity fluctuating due to disturbance light is not corrected. Then, in FIG. 9, the wetness w obtained by measuring from 1:00 am to 11:00 is plotted, and the obtained characteristic curve is shown by a dashed line.
【００６４】図９の実線によれば、１時から２時にかけ
て湿潤度Ｗが上昇しており、その後は徐々に減少してい
る。一方、一点破線で示されている特性曲線は、１時か
ら７時頃までは、実施例１の実線の曲線と同じように、
１時から２時にかけて湿潤度ｗが上昇して、その後７時
頃までは徐々に減少している。しかしながら、７時頃か
ら減少するのが止まり、９時頃から湿潤度ｗが再び上昇
して１１時の時点でも、実施例１の湿潤度Ｗよりも高い
値を示している。According to the solid line in FIG. 9, the wetness W increases from 1 o'clock to 2 o'clock, and thereafter gradually decreases. On the other hand, the characteristic curve shown by the dashed line is similar to the solid curve of Example 1 from 1:00 to 7:00.
The wetness w increases from 1:00 to 2:00, and then gradually decreases until around 7:00. However, at around 7 o'clock, it stopped decreasing, and at around 9 o'clock, the wetness w increased again and at 11 o'clock, the value was higher than the wetness W of Example 1.
【００６５】この測定日の路面状況を、測定とは別に観
察したところ、２時頃に雪が降って路面が濡れたが、そ
の後ロードヒーティングによって、時間の経過と共に次
第に路面は乾燥している。また、この日は、日の出によ
って７時以降路面が明るくなり、９時頃に路面に直接日
光が照射され始めた。When the road surface condition on this measurement day was observed separately from the measurement, snow fell at about 2:00 and the road surface became wet. However, the road surface gradually became dry over time due to road heating. On this day, the road surface became bright after 7:00 due to sunrise, and the road surface began to be directly irradiated with sunlight around 9:00.
【００６６】これにより、比較例の湿潤度ｗは、外乱光
である太陽光の影響を考慮しなかったために、７時以降
の高い湿潤度を示す曲線は誤検出である。As a result, the curve indicating the high wetness after 7:00 is erroneously detected because the influence of the sunlight, which is disturbance light, was not taken into account for the wettability w of the comparative example.
【００６７】よって、外乱光の影響を受ける、例えば屋
外などの環境下で湿潤度の測定を行う場合、照明の点灯
時と消灯時にそれぞれ反射光強度を測定して、外乱光に
起因する反射光強度の誤差を補正することによって、よ
り正確な対象物の湿潤度を求めることができる。Therefore, when measuring the degree of wetness under the influence of disturbance light, for example, in an environment such as outdoors, the reflected light intensity is measured when the lighting is turned on and off, and the reflected light caused by the disturbance light is measured. By correcting the intensity error, a more accurate degree of wetness of the object can be obtained.
【００６８】また、図８に示した照明消灯時の反射光強
度測定および照明点灯時の反射光強度測定の一連の手順
を行う間に、外乱光の強度が非定常的に変化するような
環境下で測定を行う場合には、図５および図６に示した
測定装置を用いることにより、照明消灯時の測定および
照明点灯時の測定をより短時間に行うことができる。こ
の装置のフラッシュ型の照明光源３０としては、例えば
キセノンランプを用いることができる。また、第１バン
ドパスフィルタ１８が取り付けられた第１センサ３２
と、第２バンドパスフィルタ２２が取り付けられた第２
センサ３４とを具えている。このため、バンドパスフィ
ルタを選択する必要がなくなり、ＲＳ1とＲＳ2とを同時
に測定することができる。また、フラッシュ型の照明光
源３０を用いているため、数十ｍｓの極めて短時間の点
灯時間で点灯時の測定を行うことができる。したがっ
て、非常に短時間での測定が可能となり、非定常的な外
乱光が存在する環境下にあっても、誤差の少ない測定を
行うことができる。Also, an environment in which the intensity of disturbance light changes unsteadily during a series of procedures shown in FIG. 8 for measuring the reflected light intensity when the illumination is turned off and measuring the reflected light intensity when the illumination is turned on. When the measurement is performed below, the measurement when the light is turned off and the measurement when the light is turned on can be performed in a shorter time by using the measurement device illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. As the flash-type illumination light source 30 of this device, for example, a xenon lamp can be used. In addition, the first sensor 32 to which the first bandpass filter 18 is attached
The second band-pass filter 22 is attached.
And a sensor 34. Therefore, it is not necessary to select the band pass filter, it is possible to measure the RS 1 and RS 2 simultaneously. In addition, since the flash-type illumination light source 30 is used, the lighting measurement can be performed in an extremely short lighting time of several tens of ms. Therefore, measurement can be performed in a very short time, and measurement can be performed with little error even in an environment where unsteady disturbance light exists.
【００６９】＜実施例２＞この発明の実施例２として、
図１および図１０を参照して、降雪のある路面の湿潤度
合い判定方法の一例につき説明する。<Embodiment 2> As Embodiment 2 of the present invention,
An example of a method for determining the degree of wetness of a road surface with snowfall will be described with reference to FIGS.
【００７０】まず、測定光Ｉ1を１４５０ｎｍの波長の
赤外線とし、参照光Ｉ2を１６８０ｎｍの波長の赤外線
とする。対象物サンプルは、降雪のある路面とし、反射
光強度および湿潤度のデータとして、測定日の０時から
１１時５０分まで１０分おきに測定したものと１８時５
０分から２３時５０分まで１０分おきに測定したものを
用いる。測定日の路面状態は、冠水状態から湿り状態を
経て乾燥状態への変化した。また、降雪により路面上に
は雪が積もった。さらに、その雪質（雪の湿潤度合い）
は、凍結した乾燥雪（日本雪氷学会）の判断基準でい
う、乾いている状態）から、湿っている状態を経てシャ
ーベット状態に変化した。First, the measurement light I 1 is an infrared ray having a wavelength of 1450 nm, and the reference light I 2 is an infrared ray having a wavelength of 1680 nm. The object sample was a road surface with snowfall, and the data of reflected light intensity and wetness were measured every 10 minutes from 0:00 to 11:50 on the measurement day, and 18: 5
The value measured every 10 minutes from 0 minutes to 23:50 is used. The road surface condition on the measurement day changed from a submerged condition to a wet condition to a dry condition. In addition, snow accumulated on the road due to snowfall. Furthermore, the snow quality (the degree of wetness of snow)
Changed from frozen and dry snow (dry condition according to the criteria of the Japan Society of Snow and Ice) through a wet condition to a sherbet condition.
【００７１】測定は、上述した実施例１で説明したよう
に、照明点灯時の反射光（Ｒ1＋ＲＳ1）、（Ｒ2＋Ｒ
Ｓ2）の強度および照明消灯時の反射光ＲＳ1、ＲＳ2の
強度を測定して、測定値から実質反射光強度を求める。
そして、この実質反射光強度の値から湿潤度を求める。
次に、得られたデータを、横軸にＩ1の反射光Ｒ1の反射
光強度（ｍＶ）とし、縦軸に湿潤度Ｗをとったグラフに
プロットする。この結果を図１０に示す。なお、反射光
強度は、ここでは、赤外線センサによって電気的出力を
増幅した出力が計測されているため、図１０では、反射
光強度の単位をｍＶ（ミリボルト）とする。As described in the first embodiment, the measurement was performed with the reflected light (R 1 + RS 1 ) and (R 2 + R 1 ) when the illumination was turned on.
The intensity of S 2 ) and the intensity of the reflected light RS 1 and RS 2 when the light is turned off are measured, and the substantial reflected light intensity is obtained from the measured value.
Then, the degree of wetness is determined from the value of the substantial reflected light intensity.
Then, the obtained data, a reflected light intensity of the reflected light R 1 of I 1 (mV) on the horizontal axis is plotted on a graph taking the wetness W on the vertical axis. The result is shown in FIG. In this case, the reflected light intensity is obtained by measuring the output obtained by amplifying the electrical output by the infrared sensor. Therefore, in FIG. 10, the unit of the reflected light intensity is mV (millivolt).
【００７２】路面の状態（第１の湿潤度合い）は、冠水
状態４０、湿り状態４２、やや乾燥した状態（湿った領
域中に乾燥した領域が点在している、或いは乾燥した領
域中に湿った領域が点在している状態）４４、乾燥状態
４６とにグラフ上で区別することができる。また、雪質
（第２の湿潤度合い）は、図１０に示すように、横軸方
向に（反射光強度によって）凍結して乾いている状態５
０、湿っている状態５２、濡れている状態５４、シャー
ベット状態５６に区別することができる。The condition of the road surface (first degree of wetness) includes a submerged condition 40, a wet condition 42, and a slightly dry condition (a dry region is scattered in a wet region, or a wet condition is present in a dry region). 44) and a dry state 46 can be distinguished on the graph. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the snow quality (second degree of wetness) is in a state of being frozen and dried in the horizontal axis direction (according to the intensity of reflected light).
0, wet state 52, wet state 54, and sherbet state 56.
【００７３】よって、図１０をより模式的にすると、図
１に示すような判定特性図が得られる。Therefore, if FIG. 10 is more schematically shown, a determination characteristic diagram as shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
【００７４】そして、水分量が未知である路面に対し
て、反射光測定を行い、湿潤度を求めて、反射光強度の
値および湿潤度を図１の判定特性図に対応させることに
よって、路面状態および、積雪がある場合には、その雪
質まで判定することができる。Then, the reflected light is measured on the road surface whose water content is unknown, the degree of wetness is obtained, and the value of the reflected light intensity and the degree of wetness are made to correspond to the determination characteristic diagram of FIG. If there is a snow condition and the snow condition, it is possible to determine the snow quality.
【００７５】なお、測定された測定光の反射光強度およ
び参照光の反射光強度から湿潤度を求める手段として、
ＣＰＵを用いた例につき説明したが、その代わりに、赤
外線センサでＲ1およびＲ2を測定して表示させ、表示さ
れたＲ1およびＲ2からＷを計算して紙上にＲ1またはＲ2
とＷとの関係をプロットしてもよい。As means for determining the degree of wetness from the measured reflected light intensity of the measurement light and the reflected light intensity of the reference light,
Although an example using a CPU has been described, instead, R 1 and R 2 are measured and displayed by an infrared sensor, W is calculated from the displayed R 1 and R 2, and R 1 or R 2 is printed on paper.
And the relationship between W and W may be plotted.
【００７６】[0076]
【発明の効果】上述した説明から明らかなように、この
発明の湿潤度合い判定方法によれば、まず、対象物の湿
潤度により赤外線吸収が大きく変化する測定光と、対象
物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収が小さく変化する参照光と
を、湿潤度が異なる複数の対象物サンプルに対して照射
し、測定光および参照光の反射光の強度に基づいて対象
物サンプルの湿潤度をそれぞれ求める。そして、測定光
もしくは参照光の反射光強度を一方の軸にとり、湿潤度
を他方の軸にとって、測定した対象物サンプルの反射光
強度および湿潤度のデータから判定用特性図を形成す
る。そして、判定を行う対象物に測定光および参照光を
照射して、反射光強度および湿潤度を求めて、この反射
光強度および湿潤度の値を、作成した判定用特性図に対
応させることによって、対象物の湿潤度合いを判定す
る。As is clear from the above description, according to the method for judging the degree of wetness of the present invention, first, the measurement light whose infrared absorption changes greatly depending on the degree of wetness of the object, and the infrared ray which is determined by the degree of wetness of the object. A plurality of target samples having different degrees of wetness are irradiated with reference light whose absorption changes slightly, and the wetness of the target sample is determined based on the intensities of the measurement light and the reflected light of the reference light. Then, using the reflected light intensity of the measurement light or the reference light on one axis and the wetness on the other axis, a characteristic diagram for determination is formed from the measured data of the reflected light intensity and the wetness of the target sample. Then, the object to be determined is irradiated with the measurement light and the reference light, the reflected light intensity and the wetness are obtained, and the values of the reflected light intensity and the wetness are made to correspond to the created characteristic diagram for determination. Then, the degree of wetness of the object is determined.
【００７７】作成した判定用特性図は、一方の軸に反射
光強度をとり、他方の軸に湿潤度をとって示してある。
湿潤度は、対象物サンプル中の水分量の違いに依存する
値であり、反射光強度は、対象物サンプルの反射率に依
存する値である。対象物サンプルがサンプル中に含まれ
る水分の状態によって反射率が異なる物質であれば、反
射率強度の値から対象物の水分の状態を把握することが
できる。判定特性図中では、対象物の第１の湿潤度合い
を、冠水状態から湿り状態、やや乾燥した状態を経て乾
燥した状態に至るまでのいずれかの度合いに相当するよ
うに示し、対象物の第２の湿潤度合い（例えば雪質）
を、凍結して乾いている状態、湿っている状態、濡れて
いる状態、およびシャーベット状態のいずれかの状態を
示す相当領域として示すことができる。The created characteristic diagram for determination shows the intensity of reflected light on one axis and the degree of wetness on the other axis.
The wetness is a value that depends on the difference in the amount of water in the target sample, and the reflected light intensity is a value that depends on the reflectance of the target sample. If the target sample is a substance having a different reflectance depending on the state of moisture contained in the sample, the state of moisture of the target can be grasped from the value of the reflectance intensity. In the determination characteristic diagram, the first degree of wetness of the object is shown as corresponding to any degree from a flooded state to a wet state, to a dry state through a slightly dry state, 2 wetness degree (for example, snow quality)
Can be shown as a corresponding area indicating any of a frozen, dry, wet, wet, and sherbet state.
【００７８】このようにして形成された判定特性図を用
いることによって、従来よりも優れた湿潤度合いの分解
能での判定を行うことができ、さらに雪質の判定も行う
ことができる。また、湿り状態から乾燥状態へ推移する
のに伴い、対象物の反射光強度は高くなる。このため、
湿り状態から乾燥状態までの間を反射光強度によってよ
り詳細に区別することができる。By using the judgment characteristic diagram formed in this way, it is possible to make a judgment with a better resolution of the degree of wetness than before, and also to judge the snow quality. Further, as the state changes from the wet state to the dry state, the reflected light intensity of the object increases. For this reason,
The range from the wet state to the dry state can be distinguished in more detail by the reflected light intensity.
【００７９】また、対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収が
大きく変化する測定光と、対象物の湿潤度により赤外線
吸収が小さく変化する参照光とを、対象物にそれぞれ照
射し、測定光および参照光の反射光の強度に基づいて対
象物の湿潤度を求める湿潤度測定方法において、対象物
からの反射光の強度を、測定光および参照光の照射に用
いる照明の点灯時および消灯時にそれぞれ測定し、点灯
時の反射光強度から消灯時の反射光強度を差し引いた値
を実質反射光強度として、この実質反射光強度に基づい
て対象物の湿潤度を求める。Further, the object is irradiated with measurement light whose infrared absorption largely changes depending on the degree of wetness of the object and reference light whose infrared absorption changes slightly depending on the degree of wetness of the object. In the wetness measurement method for determining the wetness of an object based on the intensity of the reflected light, the intensity of the reflected light from the object is measured when the illumination used for irradiating the measurement light and the reference light is turned on and off, respectively. The value obtained by subtracting the intensity of the reflected light at the time of turning off from the intensity of the reflected light at the time of lighting is defined as the substantial reflected light intensity, and the degree of wetness of the object is determined based on the substantial reflected light intensity.
【００８０】これにより、外乱光の影響を受ける、例え
ば屋外などの環境下で湿潤度の測定を行うことができ
る。また、対象物の一部に固定したり、直接接したりす
ることなく測定を行うことができるので、対象物のより
広範囲にわたる領域の湿潤度を測定することができる。Thus, it is possible to measure the degree of wetness under the influence of disturbance light, for example, in an environment such as outdoors. In addition, since the measurement can be performed without fixing or directly touching a part of the object, it is possible to measure the wetness of a wider area of the object.
【００８１】また、このような湿潤度の測定方法に用い
る測定装置は、フラッシュ型の照明光源と、対象物の湿
潤度により赤外線吸収が変化する測定光の反射光を受光
する測定光用受光部と、対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸
収が実質的に変化しない参照光の反射光を受光する参照
光用受光部とを具えているのがよい。The measuring apparatus used in such a method for measuring the degree of wetness includes a flash-type illumination light source and a light receiving section for measuring light which receives reflected light of the measuring light whose infrared absorption changes depending on the degree of wetness of the object. And a reference light receiving unit that receives reflected light of the reference light whose infrared absorption does not substantially change depending on the degree of wetness of the object.
【００８２】フラッシュ型の照明光源としては、水に対
して高い吸収性を有する波長の赤外線およびその他の赤
外線を含む光を発生する、例えばキセノンランプを用い
ることができる。これにより、照明の点灯から消灯への
切り替え、または消灯から点灯への切り替えを瞬間的に
行うことができる。また、測定光用受光部と参照光用受
光部との２つの受光部を設けることによって、対象物か
らの反射光を、例えばバンドパスフィルタを切り替える
ことによって受光する光を選択して受光する必要がな
く、２つの受光部で実質的同時に受光することができ
る。このため、フラッシュ型の照明光源によって数十ｍ
ｓという短時間の点灯による測定であっても、十分に測
定光および参照光の反射光強度を測定することができ
る。As a flash-type illumination light source, for example, a xenon lamp that generates light containing infrared rays having a wavelength highly absorbing water and other infrared rays can be used. This makes it possible to instantaneously switch from lighting on to off or from off to on. Further, by providing two light receiving units, a light receiving unit for the measurement light and a light receiving unit for the reference light, it is necessary to select and receive the reflected light from the object, for example, the light to be received by switching a band-pass filter. And the two light receiving sections can receive light substantially simultaneously. For this reason, several tens of meters by a flash type illumination light source
Even if the measurement is performed by lighting for a short time of s, the reflected light intensity of the measurement light and the reference light can be sufficiently measured.
【図１】この発明の実施の形態および実施例２の説明に
供する、判定用特性図である。FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram for determination used for describing an embodiment and a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】反射光強度を測定する装置の概略的な構成図で
ある。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for measuring reflected light intensity.
【図３】図２の装置を用いた場合の、照明消灯時の測定
模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of measurement when lighting is turned off when the apparatus of FIG. 2 is used.
【図４】図２の装置を用いた場合の、照明点灯時の測定
模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of measurement when lighting is used when the apparatus of FIG. 2 is used.
【図５】フラッシュ型の照明光源と、２つの受光部とを
具えた湿潤度測定装置の概略図であり、照明消灯時の測
定模式図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wetting degree measuring device including a flash-type illumination light source and two light receiving units, and is a schematic measurement diagram when the illumination is turned off.
【図６】フラッシュ型の照明光源と、２つの受光部とを
具えた湿潤度測定装置の概略図であり、照明点灯時の測
定模式図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wetting degree measuring device including a flash-type illumination light source and two light receiving units, and is a schematic measurement diagram when illumination is turned on.
【図７】この発明の参考例の説明に供する、時間経過に
伴う湿潤度の変化特性図である。FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram of a change in the degree of wetness over time, which is used for describing a reference example of the present invention.
【図８】湿潤度を求めるための測定の一連の手順を表す
流れ図である。FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a series of procedures of measurement for determining a degree of wetness.
【図９】実施例１の説明に供する、時間経過に伴う湿潤
度の変化特性図である。FIG. 9 is a change characteristic diagram of the degree of wetness over time, which is used for explaining the first embodiment.
【図１０】実施例２の説明に供する、反射光強度と湿潤
度との関係を示す特性図である。FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating the relationship between the intensity of reflected light and the degree of wetness, which is used for describing Example 2.
１２：照明光源（ハロゲンライト） １４：対象物（路面） １６：切替装置（フィルタ切替装置） １８：第１バンドパスフィルタ ２０：赤外線センサ ２２：第２バンドパスフィルタ ３０：フラッシュ型の照明光源（キセノンランプ） ３２：測定光用受光部（第１センサ） ３４：参照光用受光部（第２センサ） ４０：冠水状態 ４２：湿り状態 ４４：やや乾燥した状態 ４６：乾燥状態 ５０：凍結して乾いている状態 ５２：湿っている状態 ５４：濡れている状態 ５６：シャーベット状態 12: Illumination light source (halogen light) 14: Object (road surface) 16: Switching device (filter switching device) 18: First bandpass filter 20: Infrared sensor 22: Second bandpass filter 30: Flash type illumination light source ( Xenon lamp) 32: Light receiving part for measurement light (first sensor) 34: Light receiving part for reference light (second sensor) 40: Submerged state 42: Wet state 44: Slightly dry state 46: Dry state 50: Freeze Dry state 52: Wet state 54: Wet state 56: Sherbet state
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 池上 真志樹 北海道札幌市豊平区月寒東２条17丁目２ 番１号 工業技術院北海道工業技術研究 所内 (72)発明者 波 通隆 北海道札幌市北区北19条西11丁目１番地 北海道立工業試験場内 (72)発明者 堤 大祐 北海道札幌市北区北19条西11丁目１番地 北海道立工業試験場内 (72)発明者 長尾 信一 北海道札幌市北区北19条西11丁目１番地 北海道立工業試験場内 (72)発明者 磯田 和志 北海道江別市対雁２−１ 北海道電力株 式会社総合研究所内 (72)発明者 渡辺 伸央 北海道江別市対雁２−１ 北海道電力株 式会社総合研究所内 (72)発明者 村上 康之 北海道江別市対雁２−１ 北海道電力株 式会社総合研究所内 審査官 樋口 宗彦 (56)参考文献 特開 平９−318766（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭45−11272（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01N 21/00 - 21/01 G01N 21/17 - 21/61 G01W 1/00 - 1/18 実用ファイル（ＰＡＴＯＬＩＳ) 特許ファイル（ＰＡＴＯＬＩＳ)Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Maki Ikegami 2-1, 17-2, Tsukikanhigashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-city, Hokkaido Inside the Institute of Industrial Technology, Hokkaido Institute of Technology (72) Inventor Tsurutaka Nami Kita-ku, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 19 11-1 Jonishi, Hokkaido Industrial Testing Center (72) Inventor Daisuke Tsutsumi 19-1, Kita-ku, Kita-ku, Sapporo-city, Hokkaido 191-Nishi 1-chome, Hokkaido Industrial Testing Center (72) Inventor Shinichi Nagao, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 19-1, Nishi 1-chome, Hokkaido Prefectural Industrial Experimental Station (72) Inventor Kazushi Isoda 2-1 Egan-shi, Hokkaido, Japan In the Hokkaido Electric Power Company Research Institute (72) Inventor Nobuo Watanabe 2- Egan, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 1. Hokkaido Electric Power Company Research Institute (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Murakami 2-1 Egan-shi, Hokkaido Echo Hokkaido Electric Power Company Research Institute Inspector Munehiko Higuchi (56) References JP-A-9-318766 (JP, A) Tokiko 45-11272 (JP, B1) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) G01N 21/00-21/01 G01N 21/17-21/61 G01W 1/00-1/18 Practical file (PATOLIS) Patent file (PATOLIS)
Claims (9)
く変化する測定光と、対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収
が小さく変化する参照光とを、湿潤度が異なる複数の対
象物サンプルに対して照射し、前記測定光および参照光
の反射光の強度に基づいて前記対象物サンプルの湿潤度
をそれぞれ求め、 前記測定光もしくは参照光の反射光強度を一方の軸にと
り、前記湿潤度を他方の軸にとって、前記対象物サンプ
ルの反射光の強度および湿潤度のデータから判定用特性
図を形成し、 判定を行う対象物に前記測定光および前記参照光を照射
して、反射光強度および湿潤度を求めて、当該反射光強
度および湿潤度を、前記特性図に対応させることによっ
て、前記対象物の湿潤度合いを判定することを特徴とす
る湿潤度合い判定方法。1. A method according to claim 1, wherein the measuring light whose infrared absorption changes greatly according to the wetness of the object and the reference light whose infrared absorption changes slightly according to the wetness of the object are applied to a plurality of sample samples having different wetnesses. Irradiate, and determine the wettability of the object sample based on the intensities of the reflected light of the measurement light and the reference light, respectively, taking the reflected light intensity of the measurement light or the reference light on one axis, and setting the wetness on the other With respect to the axis, a characteristic diagram for determination is formed from the data of the intensity and the degree of wetness of the reflected light of the sample of the object, and the object to be determined is irradiated with the measurement light and the reference light to obtain the intensity of the reflected light and the degree of wetness. And determining the degree of wetness of the object by associating the reflected light intensity and the degree of wetness with the characteristic diagram.
おいて、 前記対象物サンプルもしくは前記対象物からの反射光の
強度を、前記測定光および参照光の照射に用いる照明の
点灯時および消灯時にそれぞれ測定し、 前記点灯時の反射光強度から前記消灯時の反射光強度を
差し引いた値を実質反射光強度として、該実質反射光強
度に基づいて、前記対象物サンプルもしくは対象物の湿
潤度を求めることを特徴とする湿潤度合い判定方法。2. The wetness degree determination method according to claim 1, wherein the intensity of the reflected light from the object sample or the object is determined when the illumination used for irradiating the measurement light and the reference light is turned on and off. Each is measured, and a value obtained by subtracting the reflected light intensity at the time of turning off from the reflected light intensity at the time of lighting is defined as a substantial reflected light intensity.Based on the substantial reflected light intensity, the wetness of the target sample or the target is calculated. A method for judging the degree of wetness, characterized in that it is determined.
おいて、 前記反射光の強度の測定は、 前記照明としてフラッシュ型の照明光源を用い、 前記測定光の反射光を受光する測定光用受光部と、前記
参照光の反射光を受光する参照光用受光部とで、前記照
明消灯時の反射光の強度をそれぞれ測定する第１測定工
程と、 前記測定光用受光部と前記参照光用受光部とで、前記照
明点灯時の反射光の強度をそれぞれ測定する第２測定工
程と、を含み、 前記照明の消灯および点灯の瞬間的な切り替えに応じ
て、前記第１測定工程と前記第２測定工程とを、時間的
な間隔を実質的にあけることなく行うことを特徴とする
湿潤度合い判定方法。3. The method for determining the degree of wetness according to claim 2, wherein the intensity of the reflected light is measured using a flash-type illumination light source as the illumination, and receiving the reflected light of the measurement light. A first measuring step of measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned off, with a unit and a reference light receiving unit that receives the reflected light of the reference light; and a measuring light receiving unit and the reference light A second measuring step of measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned on, and a light receiving unit, wherein the first measuring step and the second 2. A method for determining the degree of wetness, comprising performing the two measuring steps without substantially leaving a time interval.
おいて、 前記判定用特性図において、前記対象物の第１の湿潤度
合いを、冠水状態から湿り状態、やや乾燥した状態を経
て乾燥した状態に至るまでのいずれかの度合いに相当す
るように示し、かつ前記対象物の第２の湿潤度合いを、
凍結して乾いている状態、湿っている状態、濡れている
状態、およびシャーベット状態のいずれかの状態を示す
相当領域として示すことを特徴とする湿潤度合い判定方
法。4. The wetness degree determination method according to claim 1, wherein in the determination characteristic diagram, the first wetness degree of the object is changed from a submerged state to a wet state, to a slightly dry state, and then to a dry state. And the second degree of wetness of the object is indicated as:
A method for determining the degree of wetness, characterized in that the degree of wetness is indicated as a corresponding area indicating one of a frozen state, a dry state, a wet state, a wet state, and a sherbet state.
おいて、 前記対象物を、表面に雪が積もった物体とし、 前記第１の湿潤度合いは、前記物体自体の状態を示し、 前記第２の湿潤度合いは、雪質を示すものとすることを
特徴とする湿潤度合い判定方法。5. The method for determining the degree of wetness according to claim 4, wherein the object is an object having snow accumulated on a surface thereof, the first degree of wetness indicates a state of the object itself, and the second degree of wetness is provided. A wetness degree determination method, wherein the wetness degree indicates snow quality.
く変化する測定光と、対象物の湿潤度により赤外線吸収
が小さく変化する参照光とを、対象物にそれぞれ照射
し、前記測定光および参照光の反射光の強度に基づいて
前記対象物の湿潤度を求める湿潤度測定方法において、 前記対象物からの反射光の強度を、前記測定光および参
照光の照射に用いる照明の点灯時および消灯時にそれぞ
れ測定し、 前記点灯時の反射光強度から前記消灯時の反射光強度を
差し引いた値を実質反射光強度として、該実質反射光強
度に基づいて、前記対象物の湿潤度を求めることを特徴
とする湿潤度測定方法。6. An object is irradiated with measurement light whose infrared absorption largely changes depending on the degree of wetness of the object and reference light whose infrared absorption changes slightly depending on the degree of wetness of the object. In the wetness degree measuring method for obtaining the wetness degree of the object based on the intensity of the reflected light of the light, the intensity of the reflected light from the object is turned on and off when illumination used for irradiating the measurement light and the reference light is used. At the time of measurement, the value obtained by subtracting the reflected light intensity at the time of turning off from the reflected light intensity at the time of turning on as the substantial reflected light intensity, and determining the degree of wetness of the object based on the substantially reflected light intensity. Characteristic wetness measurement method.
て、 前記反射光の強度の測定は、 前記照明としてフラッシュ型の照明光源を用い、 前記測定光の反射光を受光する測定光用受光部と、前記
参照光の反射光を受光する参照光用受光部とで、前記照
明消灯時の反射光の強度をそれぞれ測定する第１測定工
程と、 前記測定用受光部と前記参照光用受光部とで、前記照明
点灯時の反射光の強度をそれぞれ測定する第２測定工程
と、を含み、 前記照明の消灯および点灯を瞬間的に切り替えることに
よって、前記第１測定工程と前記第２測定工程とを、時
間的な間隔を実質的にあけることなく行うことを特徴と
する湿潤度測定方法。7. The method for measuring the degree of wetness according to claim 6, wherein the intensity of the reflected light is measured by using a flash-type illumination light source as the illumination and receiving the reflected light of the measurement light. A first measuring step of measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned off, with a unit and a reference light receiving unit that receives the reflected light of the reference light; and the measuring light receiving unit and the reference light receiving unit. And a second measurement step of measuring the intensity of the reflected light when the illumination is turned on, wherein the first measurement step and the second measurement are performed by instantaneously switching off and on the illumination. And a step of performing the step without substantially leaving a time interval.
潤度により赤外線吸収が変化する測定光の反射光を受光
して反射光強度を測定する測定光用受光部と、対象物の
湿潤度により赤外線吸収が実質的に変化しない参照光の
反射光を受光して反射光強度を測定する参照光用受光部
と、を具えることを特徴とする湿潤度測定装置。8. An illumination light source of a flash type, a light receiving section for measuring light for receiving reflected light of measuring light whose infrared absorption changes according to the degree of wetness of the object and measuring the intensity of the reflected light, and a degree of wetness of the object. A reference light receiving unit for receiving reflected light of the reference light whose infrared absorption does not substantially change and measuring the reflected light intensity.
て、 測定された前記測定光の反射光強度および前記参照光の
反射光強度から湿潤度を求める手段と、 前記測定光もしくは参照光の反射光強度を一方の軸にと
り、前記湿潤度を他方の軸にとって示される湿潤度合い
判定用特性図を表示させる手段と、を具えていることを
特徴とする湿潤度測定装置。9. The wetting degree measuring device according to claim 8, wherein: a means for calculating a wetting degree from the measured reflected light intensity of the measuring light and the reflected light intensity of the reference light; Means for displaying the intensity of reflected light on one axis and displaying a characteristic diagram for judging the degree of wetness indicated by the axis of wetness on the other axis.
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| WO2019044252A1 (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-07 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Water content sensor and road surface state detection device |
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