JP3268507B2 - Soil disease control materials - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant soil disease controlling material, and more particularly to a plant soil disease controlling material for controlling a disease caused by a Fusarium phytopathogenic fungus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A variety of microorganisms inhabit the soil, and greatly affect the growth of plants, the occurrence of diseases and the like. Conventionally, soil diseases have been controlled by pesticides. However, pesticides are generally extremely toxic and have serious problems such as their effects on the human body and natural environmental pollution due to soil residues.

[0003]

At present, the land use of agricultural lands has been reduced due to heavy use of agricultural chemicals and abuse of chemical fertilizers, and obstacles to continuous cropping have become apparent. As a result, the quality and productivity of agricultural products are reduced, which is a serious problem in agricultural management. Approximately 60-70% of this crop failure is due to soil pathogens. Few pesticides are effective against these soil diseases,
In fact, soil heavily contaminated by pathogens must be treated with soil fumigants such as chlorpicrin and methyl bromide. Most of the soil fumigants non-selectively kill all microorganisms in the soil regardless of their usefulness or harm, and thus have problems such as destruction of microbial ecosystems after soil treatment. The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the existing methods, and uses the microorganisms having antibacterial activity newly found by the present inventors without using harmful chemical substances. The purpose is to provide materials.

[0004]

The soil disease control material according to the present invention has a positive Gram reaction, a rod-like form,
Microorganisms No. 12954 (FERM P-12954) and No. 12555, which are microorganisms having a positive enzyme activity and a positive spore formation and having antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Fusarium. (FERM P-1295
5) Any one or both of the bacteria is a chitin-containing substance.
Or a mixture of powder and granules
You .

No. 12954 (FERM P)
-12954) are shown in Table 1.

[Table 1]

No. 12955 (FERM P)
-12955) are shown in Table 2.

[Table 2]

[0007] As shown in Examples 1 (Table 3) and Example 2 (Table 4) described below, these fungi have antibacterial activity against plant pathogens belonging to the genus Fusarium. Alternatively, the effect can be further enhanced by adding both bacteria to the chitin-containing material. Although the mechanism of action is not clear, FERM P-12954 and FERMP
It is believed that -12955 assimilates chitin, produces certain antibiotics, kills Fusarium spp., Which is a soil pathogen, and promotes the control of soil diseases.

The chitin-containing substance used in the present invention is not limited in type and particle size as long as it is a substance containing chitin in the shell derived from arthropods or molluscs, but desirably, crab or shrimp is used as a raw material. It is easily available and well prepared.

FERM P-12954 and FERM
The amount of at least one of P-1255 to be added to the chitin-containing material is 1 × 10 ² to 1 × 10 ⁹ (number of bacteria) / g.
(Chitin-containing substance), preferably 1 × 10 ⁵ to 1 × 10 ⁷
An appropriate amount is about pieces / g.

[0010] Practical forms of soil disease control materials in consideration of sustained efficacy, transportation, application and the like include FERM.
It is preferable that one or both of P-12954 and FERM P-12955 are added to a chitin-containing substance, and further a powder is mixed.

[0011] The mixing ratio of the powder and the granular material obtained by adding the fungi to the chitin-containing substance is determined by the pH of the mixture (measured value described in “Soil Nutrient Analysis Method” edited by Soil Nutrient Measurement Method Committee of Yokendo)
Is preferably adjusted to be in the range of 7.0 to 9.5. With such adjustment, the vitality of the bacteria can be maintained for a long time.

[0012] The powders to be mixed for pH adjustment include:
Examples include limestone, dolomite, magnesite, and lightweight aerated concrete (ALC). The type and particle size are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a porous material having a high water absorption and a good acidity adjustment. That is, porous limestone with a younger generation age is more porous, has better microbial fixation properties, and is a better carrier than the dense crystalline ones produced before the Paleozoic.
The lightweight aerated concrete is made of calcium silicate hydrate (CaO.SiO ₂ .n) containing tobermorite as a main component.
In H ₂ O), is a lightweight cellular concrete introduced a bubble at the time of molding is used mainly as a building material. The lightweight cellular concrete is used by pulverizing a molded product to about −5 mm. Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate powders and granules can also be used as carriers for these microorganisms.

By applying the soil disease control material containing the antimicrobial microorganism of the present invention as an active ingredient to soil, an effect of controlling soil diseases caused by the Fusarium spp., Which is a soil pathogenic fungus, can be obtained. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0014]

Example 1 1.0 wt% of agar was added to tributic soy broth (manufactured by DIFCO) using FERM P-12954 as a test bacterium and Fusarium spp. As an indicator bacterium. The test bacteria and the indicator bacteria were inoculated, and the cells were cultured in the dark for 24 hours to 240 hours. The activity of the test bacteria was examined using the growth inhibition zone formed between the test strain and the indicator strain as an index. Table 3 shows the results
Shown in As is clear from Table 3, FERM P-12
No. 954 showed activity or strong activity against various Fusarium species.

[Table 3]

[0015]

Example 2 Using FERM P-12955 as a test bacterium and Fusarium spp. As an indicator bacterium, 1.0% by weight of agar was added to tribetic soy broth (manufactured by DIFCO), and the same plate was dispensed in 20 ml per petri dish. The test bacteria and the indicator bacteria were inoculated, and the cells were cultured in the dark for 24 hours to 240 hours. The activity of the test bacteria was examined using the growth inhibition zone formed between the test strain and the indicator strain as an index. Table 4 shows the results
Shown in As is clear from Table 4, FERM P-12
No. 955 exhibited activity or strong activity against various Fusarium bacteria.

[Table 4]

[0016]

Example 3 FERM P-12954 was cultured with shaking at 160 rpm for 168 hours using a liquid medium containing 0.2% by weight of yeast extract and 0.5% by weight of peptone and adjusted to pH 7.0. . Thus, the culture solution 1
FERM P-1 cultivated in large quantities at 1 × 10 ⁹ cells / ml
A composition was prepared by adding 2954 to 2 × 10 ⁷ per 1 g of chitin adjusted to −5 mm derived from crab. On the other hand, 1
/ 2000a Wagner pot with N: 1.
3 g, P ₂ O ₅ : 1.0 g, K ₂ O: 1.3 g, Ca
O: Fertilized 1.0 g was prepared, and 1.25 g of the composition was applied per pot.

[0017]

Example 4 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3
FERM P-12954, which was mass-cultured, was applied to soil filled in a 0a Wagner pot so that the number of bacteria was equivalent to that in Example 3.

[0018]

Comparative Example 1 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3
Chitin adjusted to -5 mm derived from crab was applied to soil filled in a 0a Wagner pot so that the amount would be equivalent to that of Example 3.

[0019]

Comparative Example 2 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3
Comparative Example 2 was a case where no application other than basal fertilization was performed on the soil filled in the 0a Wagner pot.

In the pots of Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, tomato wilt (Fusarium o.
xysporum f. sp. lycopersici) was adjusted to 1 × 10 ² cells per gram of soil and added. Next, 10 tomato seedlings in which the first fruit bunch flowered were planted as 10 per section, and no topdressing was performed. After 50 days from the cultivation, the control effect on the wilt of tomato was investigated.
Table 5 shows the results. The diseased strain rate of Example 4 to which FERM P-12954 was applied as it was was lower than that of Comparative Example 2 without additive or Comparative Example 1 with only chitin added, but FERM P-12954 was derived from Crab Crab. In Example 3 in which the product added to chitin was applied, a remarkable decrease in the rate of diseased strains was observed.

[Table 5]

[0021]

Example 5 FE cultured in a large amount in the same manner as in Example 3
A composition was prepared by adding and fixing RM P-12955 to 2 × 10 ⁷ per 1 g of chitin adjusted to −5 mm derived from crab and fixed as described in Example 3.
/ 2000a 1.25 g per pot was applied to the soil filled in the Wagner pot.

[0022]

Example 6 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3.
FERM P-12955, which was mass-cultured, was applied to soil filled in a 0a Wagner pot so that the number of bacteria was equivalent to that in Example 5.

[0023]

Comparative Example 3 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3
Chitin adjusted to -5 mm derived from crab was applied to the soil filled in the 0a Wagner pot so that the amount would be equivalent to that of Example 5.

[0024]

Comparative Example 4 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3
Comparative Example 4 was a case where no application other than basal fertilization was performed on the soil filled in the 0a Wagner pot.

In the pots of Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4, tomato wilt (Fusarium o.
xysporum f. sp. lycopersici) was adjusted to 1 × 10 ² cells per gram of soil and added. Next, 10 tomato seedlings in which the first fruit bunch flowered were planted as 10 per section, and no topdressing was performed. After 50 days from the cultivation, the control effect on the wilt of tomato was investigated.
Table 6 shows the results. The diseased strain rate of Example 6 in which FERM P-12955 was applied as it was was lower than that of Comparative Example 4 without additive or Comparative Example 3 with only chitin added. In Example 5 in which the product added to chitin was applied, a remarkable decrease in the rate of diseased strains was observed.

[Table 6]

[0026]

Example 7 Mass-cultured FER prepared in Example 3
MP-12954 was added at 2 per gram of chitin from crab.
The composition to which × 10 ⁷ were added was added and mixed so as to be 5% by weight based on kudzu-producing limestone (dolomite) adjusted to −5 mm. This mixture was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3, 25 g per pot.

[0027]

Example 8 Mass-cultured FER prepared in Example 3
MP-12954 was added at 2 per gram of chitin from crab.
The composition to which × 10 ⁷ were added was added and mixed so as to be 5% by weight based on Okinawan limestone (coral) adjusted to −5 mm. This mixture was prepared as described in Example 3
/ 2000a 25 g per pot was applied to soil filled in a Wagner pot.

[0028]

Example 9 Mass-cultured FER prepared in Example 3
MP-12954 was added at 2 per gram of chitin from crab.
The composition to which × 10 ^{7 was} added was added and mixed so as to be 5% by weight based on Indonesian limestone (soft limestone) adjusted to −5 mm. This mixture was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3, 25 g per pot.

[0029]

Example 10 Mass-cultured FE prepared in Example 3
A composition containing 2 × 10 ⁷ RM P-12954 per 1 g of chitin derived from crab was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3 and 1.25 g per pot was applied.

[0030]

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 The same amount of lime produced in Kuzuri as used in Example 7 was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3.

[0031]

Comparative Example 6 The same amount of Okinawan limestone used in Example 8 was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3.

[0032]

Comparative Example 7 The same amount of Indonesian limestone as used in Example 9 was prepared as described in Example 3.
It was applied to soil filled in a 00a Wagner pot.

[0033]

Comparative Example 8 1/200 prepared as described in Example 3
Comparative Example 8 was a case where no application other than the basal fertilizer was performed on the soil filled in the 0a Wagner pot.

In the pots of Examples 7 to 10 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8, wilt of tomato (Fusarium o.
xysporum f. sp. lycopersici) was adjusted to 1 × 10 ² cells per gram of soil and added. Next, the first fruit cluster was planted with 10 tomato seedlings per flowering section, and no topdressing was performed. After 50 days from the cultivation, the control effect on the wilt of tomato was investigated.
Table 7 shows the results. A composition obtained by adding FERM P-12954 to chitin derived from crab and further mixing with a granular material (Examples 7, 8, and 9) is a composition obtained by simply adding FERM P-12954 to chitin derived from crab; The diseased strain rate was further reduced as compared with Example 10). It is clear from Comparative Examples 5 to 7 that this is not the effect of the powder itself.

[Table 7]

[0035]

Example 11 Mass-cultured FE prepared in Example 5
A composition in which 2 × 10 ⁷ RM P-12955 were added per 1 g of chitin derived from crabs was added and mixed so as to be 5% by weight based on kudzu-producing limestone adjusted to −5 mm.
This mixture was prepared as described in Example 3
0a 25g per pot on soil filled in Wagner pot
g was applied.

[0036]

Example 12 Mass-cultured FE prepared in Example 5
A composition obtained by adding 2 × 10 ⁷ RM P-12955 per 1 g of chitin derived from crab was added and mixed so as to be 5% by weight based on Okinawan limestone adjusted to −5 mm. This mixture was prepared as described in Example 3 at 1/2000
25g per pot on soil filled in a Wagner pot
Applied.

[0037]

Example 13 Mass-cultured FE prepared in Example 5
A composition to which 2 × 10 ⁷ RM P-12955 were added per 1 g of chitin derived from crab was added and mixed so as to be 5% by weight based on Indonesian limestone adjusted to −5 mm. This mixture was prepared as described in Example 3
The soil filled in the 2000a Wagner pot was applied in an amount of 25 g per pot.

[0038]

Example 14 Mass-cultured FE prepared in Example 5
1.25 g of a composition to which 2 × 10 ⁷ RM P-12955 were added per 1 g of canine-derived chitin was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3.

[0039]

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 9 The same amount of limestone produced as in Example 11 was applied to soil filled in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot prepared as described in Example 3.

[0040]

Comparative Example 10 The same amount of Okinawan limestone used in Example 12 was prepared as described in Example 3, 1 / 2000a.
It was applied to soil filled in a Wagner pot.

[0041]

Comparative Example 11 The same amount of Indonesian limestone as used in Example 13 was prepared as described in Example 3.
It was applied to soil filled in a 2000a Wagner pot.

[0042]

Comparative Example 12 1/20 prepared as described in Example 3
Comparative Example 12 was a case where no application other than the base fertilizer was performed on the soil filled in the 00a Wagner pot.

In the pots of Examples 11 to 14 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12, as a soil pathogen, Fusarium wilt of tomato (Fusari) was used.
um oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) was added so that the number of bacteria per gram of soil was 1 × 10 ² . Next, 10 tomato seedlings that had blossomed the first fruit cluster per ward
It was planted as a book and was not topdressed. After 50 days from the cultivation, the control effect on the wilt of tomato was investigated. Table 8 shows the results. A composition (Examples 11 to 13) in which FERM P-12955 was added to chitin derived from crab and further mixed with a granular material was prepared as FERM P-12955.
The diseased strain rate was further reduced as compared with the composition in which was added to chitin derived from crab (Example 14). It is clear from Comparative Examples 9 to 11 that this is not the effect of the granular material itself.

[Table 8]

[0044]

The soil disease controlling material according to the present invention comprises:
It effectively controls plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Fusarium, and does not adversely affect human bodies or the environment.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-2-212406 (JP, A) JP-A 4-1109 (JP, A) JP-A-4-370091 (JP, A) JP-A 5- 916 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01N 63/00 A01N 25/08

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. The gram reaction is positive, the form is rod-shaped,
Microorganisms No. 12954 (FERM P-12954) and No. 12555, which are microorganisms having a positive enzyme activity and a positive spore formation and having antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Fusarium. (FERM P-1295
5) A soil disease controlling material, wherein one or both of the above bacteria are added to a chitin-containing substance. 2. The gram reaction is positive, the form is rod-shaped,
Microorganisms No. 12954 (FERM P-12954) and No. 12555, which are microorganisms having a positive enzyme activity and a positive spore formation and having antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Fusarium. (FERM P-1295
5) A soil disease controlling material, characterized in that one or both of the bacteria are added to a chitin-containing material, and further a powder is mixed. 3. The powder or limestone, dolomite or magnesa powder.
Selected from the group consisting of
3. The soil disease prevention according to claim 2, which is at least one kind.
Material removal.