JP3257629B2 - Moving bench system for hydroponics - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a moving bench system for a hydroponic cultivation facility.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A moving bench system for a hydroponic cultivation facility is a facility for producing vegetables in a greenhouse, in which independent cultivation tanks (cultivation toys) for hydroponic cultivation are arranged on a bench in one direction in a plane. This is a system in which vegetables are planted on a cultivation toy mounted on one end of a bench, and the vegetables are advanced forward as they grow, and the vegetables grown on the opposite side of the planting are harvested. The cultivated toy has a gradient, and a so-called NFT method is used in which nutrient solution (liquid fertilizer) flows thinly from one side to the other side of the toy. The above-mentioned moving device must be equipped with a so-called spacing device for adjusting the interval between the cultivated toys, but this is to increase the efficiency of the cultivation space in the greenhouse when the plant (vegetables) is small. It is a mechanism that narrows and widens the streak as the plant grows larger.

[0003] The features of this system are that labor involved in the movement of pots is greatly reduced, various operations in the greenhouse can be performed in one place, and the effective utilization rate of the greenhouse is significantly increased. , Etc. are said to be.

There are many proposals for this system. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-60971 discloses an apparatus in which the pitch of troughs (cultivation toys) 1,... Can be changed by rotating screw rods 2,. The same number of screw pitches are continuously or stepwise (3) from the start end 3 to the end 4 of the rotary screw rod 2.
(Step). FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the trough 1 and the rotary screw bar 2 engage the engaging member 1a protruding from the lower surface of the trough 1 into the spiral groove 2a of the rotary screw bar 2, and the trough 1 is rotated by the rotation of the screw rod 2. It is to be transported.

As shown in FIG. 16, a guide track 5 is provided at the center of the trough 1 to support the trough 1, and a projection 1b attached to the bottom of the trough 1 is provided with a groove 5a of the track 5.
To prevent the trough 1 from going straight (preventing the toys 1,... That is, the troughs 1,... Are transported while being supported by the rotary screw rods 2,.

As shown in FIG. 14, liquid manure supply nozzles 6,... Are provided corresponding to the moving troughs 1,. However, the nozzle 6 is fixed. A drainage trough 7 is fixedly provided on the other end side of the trough 1. The nozzle 6 is shown in detail in FIG. That is, the pump 8 supplies the liquid fertilizer to the manifold 9 elongated in the trough 1 traveling direction. This supply takes place via a supply pipe 10 connected to the manifold 9 inlet hole. The composition of the solution constituting the fertilizer can be varied very widely according to the type of growing plant 11. Generally, this solution will be fortified by elements such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and some trace elements.

[0007] The manifold 9 extends over the entire length of the bench. A number of outlet holes 12 are provided at the top of the manifold 9 and each hole 12 is provided with a respective trough 1 to be supplied with fertilizer.
There is one for each.

Thus, the liquid fertilizer (nutrient solution) 13 supplied to the lifting end of the trough 1 flows thinly from one side to the other at the bottom of the trough 1 to promote growth and soundness. Then, the drainage trough 7 receives the liquid fertilizer 13 discharged from each trough 1.

Japanese Patent No. 2836736 and Japanese Patent No. 29
Japanese Patent No. 51267 proposes a type that moves in the form of a scale. That is, the above-mentioned JP-B-63-609.
In the case of No. 71, "the processing of forming the spiral groove 2a on the rotary screw rod 2 is not easy, but it is also necessary to manufacture an extremely long screw rod of 10 m or more. In addition to requiring many parts for bearings and supporting bearings, high-precision installation work is required, and equipment costs are significantly increased when the cultivation scale is large and a rotary screw rod of 50 m is used.
In addition, torsion acts on the rotating screw rod 2,
The longer it is, the more difficult it is to avoid the occurrence of troubles. "
In the case of No. 36, as shown in FIG. 18, transfer bodies 15, 15 for integrally transporting one trough group consisting of troughs 14 at the same pitch are arranged correspondingly for each of the trough groups 14, and are displaced. The spacing rods 16, which reciprocate horizontally with a constant total stroke length by an actuator (not shown), move back and forth, are connected to all the transfer bodies 15,
15, the spacing rod 1
With the reciprocating operation of 6, 16, the transfer bodies 15, 15 carry the measuring insect-type trough 14. In the figure, reference numeral 17 denotes a trough receiving portion arranged at the center of the trough 14.

As shown in detail in FIG. 19, the trough 14 has a belt-shaped planting plate 18 engaged with a guide 14a, and the planting plate 18 has a pot set at a non-interference interval at the end of vegetable growth. Holes 19, ... are bored (If the interval setting is narrow, the leaves or branches of plants will polymerize or interfere at the end of growth, photosynthesis and ventilation will deteriorate, growth will be delayed, and pests will occur. And leaves and branches are broken, and leaves and fruits fall off).

Further, as shown in FIG. 20, a recess 21 is formed on the bottom surface of the trough 14 by a
The upper surface 5 is engaged with a projecting portion 22 having a shape to prevent integration during transporting movement and displacement of a gradient posture.

In FIG. 18, a liquid fertilizer supply nozzle 23 and a liquid collection trough 24 are provided at the rising end of the trough 14 so as to correspond to the trough 14, and a drainage trough 25 is provided at the lower end of the trough 14. Is arranged. All are fixed.

However, the liquid fertilizer (nutrient solution) 26 supplied to the lifting end of the trough 14 flows thinly from the bottom of the trough 14 to one side to promote growth and soundness. Upon receiving the liquid fertilizer 26 discharged from the trough 14, the liquid collecting trough 24 receives and collects the input liquid fertilizer 26 from the liquid fertilizer supply nozzle 23, which has no target between the moving troughs 14.

In Japanese Patent No. 2836736, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a bench (with a spacing function) for transferring troughs 27,.
The trough 27 is provided with a dedicated saddle 27a. Liquid fertilizer supply nozzle 23, liquid collection trough 2
4. The drain trough 25 has the same configuration as that of Japanese Patent No. 2,836,736.

The above-mentioned patent No. 2836736 and patent No. 29
No. 512267 introduces an example in which the trough pitch is changed in four stages. In addition, in terms of the mechanism, both of the above-mentioned "only apply a force only in the horizontal direction, so that the structure of the drive system is simplified, and the occurrence of failures is reduced. It is also easy to increase the production scale by avoiding an increase in size and complexity and increasing the length, that is, including a large number of troughs in one trough group. "

[0016]

The above-mentioned conventional moving bench system has a function of transporting and spacing the trough (cultivated toy) from the beginning to the end in any case. For this reason, there is a disadvantage in terms of cost due to complexity in processing and structure, and there is a problem that the greater the bench length or trough length, the greater the design load on the driving ability and the supporting ability.

In a small greenhouse rather than a large greenhouse, the length of the trough is short, and is lightly loaded and unloaded manually without introducing mechanical power such as a crane. This is unnecessary equipment and is not suitable for simple cases.

Further, the liquid fertilizer supply system in which liquid fertilizer is introduced from a fixed nozzle is not satisfactory in terms of facility costs, running costs, and quality assurance of hydroponic cultivation facilities. The reason is that it is difficult to supply even pressure to each nozzle with a single pump in liquid fertilizer pressure feeding through long-path piping, so there is no choice but to use multiple pumps and arrange valves, and to constantly discharge liquid fertilizer. Is not suitable for the production of vegetables for which delicate water stress control is not possible, requires expensive control equipment to enable this, and wasteful running is indispensable to collect liquid fertilizer through the collection trough. This is because there are problems such as having

The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and its purpose is to transport troughs by the most rational transporting means, and to provide a separate mechanism to only the necessary parts on the starting end side. By providing the simplest spacing means, we will provide a reasonable and simple low-cost optimal transport and spacing device for small greenhouses in all aspects of processing, structure, driving efficiency and supporting efficiency. The supply of liquid fertilizer to each cultivated toy can be completely equalized without using a pump, and the water stress can be controlled by simple liquid level control without using a pump. Proposes a moving bench system for hydroponic cultivation facilities that provides a simple facility, a low running cost, and a high quality liquid fertilizer supply system that eliminates the non-target input of wastewater and eliminates the recovery process. Lies in the fact.

[0020]

In order to achieve the above object, a moving bench system for a hydroponic cultivation facility according to the present invention has a level difference so as to impart a gradient to cultivated toys mounted on the left and right sides of a bench frame. A pair of roller chains for conveyance is mounted, and a set of stoppers is protruded at an initial pitch interval on a rotating bar at an initial pitch portion on the bench feed start end side in parallel with the roller chain, and the stoppers are rotated by rotation. A stop device that stops the cultivation toy at the start and allows the progress of the cultivation toy by evacuation is arranged, and the stop device for stopping the second toy that advances by sensing and operating in front of the foremost stopper in response to the approach of the cultivation toy. A control sensor and a stop device control sensor for releasing the stop of the second toy at the second pitch interval position further ahead are provided,
A liquid supply level manure trough capable of controlling the liquid level is arranged on the raising side of the cultivated toy so that the upper end level is matched with the cultivated toy, and a lifting plate is provided at the lifting end of the cultivated toy so that it can be mounted on the liquid supply manure. In addition, a water supply cloth is laid on the whole length of the cultivated toy, and one end of the water supply cloth is placed on the mounting plate, and then suspended and assembled in the liquid feed manure trough to raise the cultivated toy. The supply of liquid fertilizer to the end and the supply of nutrients to the roots of the vegetables are made at one end through a water supply garment inserted into the liquid fertilizer staying in the liquid fertilizer trough.

[0021]

[Function] Since the most common roller chain as a transport device is responsible for supporting and transporting the cultivated toy group, it is the most rational, simple and low cost in terms of processing, structure, drive efficiency and support efficiency. Excellent.

The stop device and the sensor for controlling the stop device which are arranged only at a predetermined stroke on the feed start end side are simple and make full use of the advantages of the two-stage pitch control. Here, a simple and reasonable moving bench is provided.

A plurality of sensors for canceling the toy stop have an epoch-making ability to cope with mixed planting since the pitch of the second stage can be freely changed by selection.

The cultivation toy moves by dragging the water supply cloth band with respect to the fixed liquid supply manure trough, and the water supply cloth band is mounted on a mounting plate that is taken out of the cultivation toy to the liquid supply manure trough. Therefore, the liquid fertilizer is surely supplied by utilizing the capillary phenomenon without being twisted.

The liquid supply without using such piping equipment is as follows.
Nozzle for supplying liquid may be clogged due to precipitation of contents due to drying of liquid, sediment generated by chemical reaction of liquid, fine roots mixed with circulating liquid, scale, residue of culture medium, etc. It is much more advantageous in terms of maintenance and equipment costs than equipment.

Further, there is no invalid supply to the cultivated toy strips,
Therefore, there is no need for the recovery equipment and operation thereof, which is more advantageous.

In a horizontal liquid fertilizer trough, the level control of the liquid level is simple, and the amount of liquid fertilizer to be given by this control to reduce the amount of liquid fertilizer and to apply water stress to the vegetables is far more than in the case of piping equipment. Can be done accurately and reliably.

[0028]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS.
It will be described based on.

Moving bench 2 whose full length is shown in FIG.
9 is to assemble a roller chain with the driving side feeding sprockets 31 (two pieces) and the driven side sprockets 32 (two pieces) arranged at both ends of the traveling gantry 30 (the sprocket core has a distance of 3 mm).
5m620), and the roller chain feeds at a speed of about 40 mm / sec.

In the drawing, reference numeral 33 denotes a drive motor (0.4 kW). The roller chain is a groove-shaped guide rail 34.
It slides on the slide plate laid at the bottom of the car. As shown in FIGS.
5 and 36 have different heights so as to give the cultivation toy 37 received by the roller chain an inclination of 2 °, and the above-mentioned guide rails 34 and sprockets 31 and 32 have different levels.
Are installed respectively.

In the illustrated example, the liquid supply manure trough 38 is arranged in such a manner that the upper end level is adjusted to the lifting side of the cultivation toy 37, and a necessary collection trough 39 is arranged immediately below the lower end of the toy 37. Have been.

The details of the cultivation toy 37 are shown in FIG.

That is, a 2700-mm-long one using a corner rain doi used in a house or the like, and a screw rod 40 as a receiving material is detachably mounted at a middle position. A fixed planting plate 41 shown in detail in FIG. Planting board 4
1 are provided with holes 42,... At predetermined intervals. In the figure, reference numeral 37a denotes a stopper plate for locking the roller chain to be attached to the bottom of the toy.

As shown in FIG. 5, a plate 43 for mounting on the liquid supply trough 38 is provided on the lifting end side of the cultivation toy 37.
Is taken out with its base end pivoted 44,44. The pivot 44 has a displacement absorbing ability and is preferable in terms of ensuring contact with the liquid supply manure trough 38 on the fixed side of the moving plate 43. As shown in FIG. 6, the tip of the water supply cloth band 45 (of course, the root prevention cover is covered) is laid over the entire length of the groove bottom of the cultivation toy 37 and rides over the plate 43 to remove the liquid fertilizer 46 in the liquid supply trough 38. Hanged on. A cover 47 is placed on the crossing portion to prevent the tip of the water supply cloth 45 from being distorted and to prevent the growth of blue spiders (algae) when the light shines on the cloth 45 sucking the liquid manure 46.

Thus, according to the present invention, as shown in FIG.
6 cultivated toy 37 using the capillary phenomenon of the water supply cloth belt 45
And the vegetables 48 can be grown under favorable conditions. The liquid level control of the feed fertilizer trough 38 is simple. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, a drain 49 set to a high level and a drain 50 set to a low level are provided at one end of the trough 38, an electric valve 51 is provided in the drain 50, and the drain 50 is connected to the electric valve. Assume that they are connected and united immediately below 51. Then, the liquid level is kept high when the liquid fertilizer 46 containing the recovered liquid in the tank 52 is put into the trough 38 by the timer and the electric valve 51 is closed, and when the electric valve 51 is opened, the liquid level is kept low. . At the high liquid level, it is possible to avoid the problem of capillary disconnection due to the drying of the water supply cloth band 45, and at the low liquid level, it is possible to produce vegetables in which water stress is applied to the vegetables 48.

9 and 10 show the roller chain 53 described above.
, A stop device arranged only on the start end side is shown. That is, in FIG. 9, the roller chains 53,
A rotary bar 54 is provided inside the 53 in parallel with the stoppers 54a,. In the figure, reference numeral 55 denotes a rotation motor, and 56 denotes a transmission belt. The pitch interval of the first stage is about one quarter of the entire stroke.

In FIG. 10a, the second toy 37 that is operated in response to the approach of the cultivation toy 37 is stopped in front of the foremost stopper 54a (by controlling the motor 55).
Sensor 57 is provided. For the sensor 57, a limit switch or the like is sufficient as shown in FIG.

Another sensor 58 is disposed in front of the sensor 57, and the operation of the sensor 57 is restored by operation. That is, the stop is released, and the sensing position is set to the pitch interval position of the second stage.

The above control mode is shown in FIG. That is, the right is when the toy 37 is stopped, and the left is when the stop is released.

In FIG. 6A, reference numeral 59 denotes a sensor having the same function, which is preferably provided at a different position from the sensor 58.
The transport / spacing mode described above is shown in FIG.

At the beginning of planting, 7.
Vegetables 48 planted in a 5 cm polypot are spaced A
(Small) fits in toy 37. It takes about 10 days to reach the end of the first pitch (1/1 of the total stroke)
When the size of the leaf comes into contact with that of the front and rear toys 37, the spacing is changed to the interval B (large) by the above-described spacing mechanism, and is conveyed to the last harvest point with the interval maintained. 3/4 of stroke for 2-stage control
Does not require any spacing mechanism. FIG. 12 shows a spacing mode when the sensor 58 is used alone. That is, (a) the toy 37 group advances at the interval A under the stopper 54a prone. (B) The stopper 54a is raised by the operation of the sensor 57 of the foremost toy 37. (C) The second and subsequent toys 37 being conveyed by the roller chain 53 are stopped by the standing of the stopper 54a. (D) Only the foremost toy 37 allowed to proceed operates the sensor 58 to lower the stopper 54a. (E) The second and subsequent toys 37 advance and repeat the above movement. At this time, the interval changes to B.

FIG. 13 shows a spacing mode when a plurality of sunsers 58 and 59 are provided. (A) With the stopper 54a prone, the group of toys 37 advances at the interval A. (B) The stopper 54a is raised by the operation of the sensor 57 of the foremost toy 37. (C) The second and subsequent toys 37 being conveyed by the roller chain 53 are stopped by the standing of the stopper 54a. (D) Only the foremost toy 37 allowed to proceed activates the sensor 58 in the forward direction to lower the stopper 54a. In this case, the change interval is B. If the sensor 59 is selected, the interval is B '. (E) The second and subsequent toys 37 advance and repeat the above movement. Therefore, by installing the sensor of the number of pitches for changing the second stage that is predicted in advance, the second stage pitch can be changed freely, it is possible to cope with mixed planting, and it is possible to cope with a change in cultivation crops during cultivation (conventionally. Is not possible with the full stroke pitch setting).

[0043]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

In terms of transportation and spacing, the simple structure, low cost and excellent rationality are all excellent, and it is most suitable for use in a small-scale greenhouse. Furthermore, it has an epoch-making convenience that it can cope with mixed planting that is impossible with existing devices.

Further, in the fertilizer feeding system, the equipment cost, running cost,
Not only is it incomparably superior in terms of quality assurance, but in the case of piping, it is a huge burden to cope with mixed planting where the gap between cultivated toys varies, but there is also an advantage that it will not be a burden at all. To expand the possible range of cultivation.
More specifically, the system stores the nutrient solution in the water supply gutter about five times a day, which is simpler than the NFT system, the pump capacity is small, the operation time is short, and the equipment and operation costs are reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a full length view of a moving bench to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram viewed from the arrow A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram viewed from an arrow B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4A is a longitudinal sectional view of an adopted cultivated toy, and FIG.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a cultivated toy tip according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a main part of water supply according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a bird's-eye view of the main part of the water supply according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid level control device for a liquid feed manure trough according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a spacing mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 10A is an explanatory view of a spacing mechanism of the present invention, and FIG.
Is an explanatory diagram of a main part, and c is an operation explanatory diagram of a main part.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a pitch changing process of the present invention.

FIGS. 12A to 12E are spacing process diagrams of the present invention.

FIGS. 13A to 13E are spacing process diagrams of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an overall view of a conventional moving bench system.

FIG. 15 is a detailed view of a main part in FIG. 14;

16 is a detailed view of a main part in FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional piping facility.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional moving bench system.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the member in FIG. 18;

20 is a detailed view of a main part of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional moving bench system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Trough 1a Engaging member 1b Projection 2 Rotating screw rod 2a Spiral groove 3 Start end 4 End track 5 Guide track 5a Groove 6 Liquid fertilizer supply nozzle 7 Drain trough 8 Pump 9 Manifold 10 Supply pipe 11 Plant 12 Exit hole 13 Liquid fertilizer (nutrient solution) 14 Trough 14a Guide 15 Transfer body 16 Spacing rod 17 Trough receiving part 18 Belt-shaped planting plate 19 Pot hole 20 Leg 21 Depression 22 Projection part 23 Supply nozzle 24 Liquid collection trough 25 Drainage trough 26 Liquid fertilizer ( Nutrient solution 27 Trough 27a Saddle 28 Bench 29 Moving bench 30 Traveling gantry 31 Drive side feed sprocket 32 Driven side sprocket 33 Drive motor 34 Guide rail 35, 36 Leg 37 Cultivation toy 37a Non-slip plate for roller chain lock 38 Feeding fertilizer trough 39 Trough 0 screw rod 41 constant planting plate 42 pothole 43 mounting plate 44 pivot 45 water supply incident 46 liquid fertilizer 47 cover 48 vegetable 50 drain 51 electric valve 52 tank 53 roller chain 54 rotating bar 54a foremost stopper 55 motor 56 transmission belt 57, 58,59 Stop device control sensor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 31/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A transporting toy having a level difference so as to impart a gradient to cultivated toys mounted on the left and right directions of a bench frame.
A pair of roller chains is mounted, and a set of stoppers is linearly projected on the rotary bar at the initial pitch portion on the bench feed start end side in parallel with the roller chain to rotate the rotary bar. A stop device for stopping the cultivation toy at the rising of the stopper, allowing a progression of the cultivation toy by evacuating and arranging, and a sensor for stopping the second toy which is operated in front of the foremost stopper in response to the approach of the cultivation toy. And further forward at the second pitch interval position.
A sensor for canceling the stop of the toy is provided, and a liquid supply manure trough capable of controlling the liquid level is arranged on the lifting side of the cultivated toy so as to match the upper end level thereof. A plate for mounting on the liquid manure trough is taken out and provided, a water supply cloth is laid on the whole length of the cultivated toy, and one end of the water supply cloth is put on the mounting plate and the liquid supply fertilizer is put on. Liquid fertilizer supply to the lifting end of the cultivation toy and nutrient supply to the roots of the vegetables were done through a water supply band inserted into the liquid fertilizer retained in the liquid fertilizer trough. A moving bench system for a hydroponic cultivation facility. 2. The moving bench system for a hydroponic cultivation facility according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of toy stop release sensors are installed at different pitch intervals. 3. The water supply cloth band on the mounting plate and a cover for preventing weight and algae generation are placed on the water supply cloth band.
The moving bench system of the hydroponic cultivation facility described. 4. Capillary severance due to drying of the feed manure trough
4. The moving bench system for a hydroponic cultivation facility according to claim 1 , further comprising two high and low liquid level control mechanisms for avoiding trouble and for adding water stress .