JP3243497B2 - Solid feed for fish farming and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a solid feed for fish farming and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid feed for fish farming, which has a large surface area, is easy to dry, hardly deforms such as bends, can be enlarged, and has good palatability by fish and shellfish, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fish meal, raw fish, pupa, etc. have been used as a feed for fish farming either in powder form alone or as a bait feed. A mixture of other ingredients such as vegetable oil lees, flour, starch, vitamins, and minerals is extruded into rods, cut into appropriate lengths, and dried into solid pellets in pellet form. It has been widely used in terms of good nutritional balance and good feeding.

[0003] However, the conventional pelleted solid feed requires a long time and a high temperature to dry to the inside of the feed in the drying step at the final stage of production,
The drying efficiency was not good. In particular, feeds to be fed to large fish such as tuna and yellowtail are desirable if their size is large because both feeding efficiency and palatability will be good.However, with conventional pelleted solid feed, as the size increases, the dryness increases. In addition, a longer time and higher temperature are required, and furthermore, troubles such as cracks are liable to occur in the feed during drying, and it has been difficult to produce a large-sized solid feed. Furthermore, the above-mentioned conventional pellet-form solid feed generally cannot be said to be sufficiently satisfactory in taste and ingestibility by fish and shellfish, and improvement in these points has been demanded.

[0004] Therefore, for the purpose of improving the drawbacks of the conventional solid feed and improving the drying efficiency and the like, there has been proposed a solid feed in which a hole is formed in the center direction to form a cylinder (actual opening). JP-A-62-2890). The cylindrical solid feed has an advantage that the surface area of the feed is increased by providing a cavity in the center, and thus the drying efficiency is improved as compared with a conventional solid feed without a cavity.

[0005] However, in the case of the above-mentioned cylindrical solid feed, the provision of the cavity makes the cylindrical wall thinner, so that the strength and shape retention are reduced as compared with the conventional solid feed without a cavity. Deformation such as bending or dent is easy to occur, and it also has the disadvantage that it easily collapses after drying.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a solid feed for fish farming which can be dried efficiently at a relatively low temperature in a short time and can be dried smoothly even when the size is increased. It is to be. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid feed having high strength and good shape retention without causing deformation such as bending, dents, crushing or the like during production or after production, cracking or collapse. . Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid feed with good palatability and good feeding by fish and shellfish.

[0007]

As a result of the present inventors' repeated studies under the above circumstances, the solid feed for fish culture can be made into a conventional pellet without a cavity or as in the prior art described above. The present invention has been completed by finding that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by forming a structure having a cavity in the longitudinal direction in which three or more pillars are joined together and bundled instead of being cylindrical.

[0008] That is, the present invention is a solid feed for fish farming, characterized in that it has a structure in which three or more columnar bodies are bundled and joined, and has a gap in the longitudinal direction.

[0009] Further, the present invention provides a structure in which a feed composition for fish farming is extruded into three or more pillars, and the extruded pillars are bound together at the same time as or after extrusion and then joined together to form a structure having a gap in the longitudinal direction, This is a method for producing a solid feed for fish farming, which is cut into a predetermined length and then dried or cut into a predetermined length after drying.

Although the present invention is not limited thereto, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings of typical examples of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention for the purpose of understanding the contents. First, the fish feed solid feed 1 of the present invention is formed by, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, three or more columnar bodies 2 being bundled and joined together.

In the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention, the number of the columnar bodies 2 to be bundled and joined to each other may be three or more, and the upper limit is not limited. From the viewpoint of easiness of production and porosity of the obtained product, it is preferable to adopt a structure in which three to nine pillars are bundled and joined. In this case, the arrangement state of the three or more pillars may be any as long as the three or more pillars can be converged and joined to form one solid feed excellent in strength and shape retention. Although it is not particularly limited, it is necessary to have a gap between the joined columnar bodies, and drying efficiency, soft texture,
The buoyancy and sedimentation velocity when administered in water can be adjusted.

The solid feed for fish farming 1 of the present invention is, for example, shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, an annular structure in which a space 3 is formed in the center portion can be formed by concentrically arranging and converging and joining annularly on the circumference. Also, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, three or more columnar bodies 2 may be arranged on both the outer side and the inner side and converged and joined to form a structure in which the inside is almost clogged. It is preferable to join the columnar bodies 2 so that the gaps 3 are formed between the columnar bodies 2.

The cross-sectional shape of each of the pillars constituting the solid feed for fish farming may be circular as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 or 5 (a), or for example, as shown in FIG. 5 (b). As shown in (f) to (f) and the like, other shapes such as an ellipse; a ring; a square such as a quadrangle and a polygon; and a V-shape may be used. Further, the individual solid feed for fish farming 1 may be composed of three or more columnar bodies 2 having the same diameter and cross-sectional shape as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, three or more columnar bodies 2 and 2 ′ having different diameters and cross-sectional shapes may be formed by converging and joining.

The size (diameter and length) of the solid feed for fish cultivation of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the kind and size of the fish and shellfish to be fed. , Generally about 5 to 50 mm in diameter and about 5 to 10 in length
It is good to be 0 mm. For example, in the case of feed for large fish and shellfish such as yellowtail and tuna, the diameter is about 25 to 5 mm.
A large-sized solid feed having a length of 0 mm and a length of about 35 to 100 mm can be obtained, thereby improving palatability and feeding efficiency.

Although not limited, the porosity of the solid feed for fish cultivation of the present invention is such that when viewed in a cross section of the solid feed for fish cultivation, the total ratio of the total porosity 3 is equal to the total proportion of the feed. Based on the cross-sectional area, it is preferable to be about 1.5 to 30%, whereby the drying efficiency at the time of feed production can be improved while maintaining good strength and shape retention, and furthermore, it depends on the fish and shellfish. The palatability and the floating and sedimentation properties when administered in water can be adjusted to appropriate ranges. Moreover, even if the columnar body 2 constituting the solid feed 1 is expanded,
Or it may not be expanded.

The solid feed for fish culture of the present invention may be produced by any method as long as it has the above-mentioned structure. Among them, the fish feed formulation is extruded into three or more pillars, and the extruded pillars are bundled together with or simultaneously with the extrusion and then joined together to form a structure having voids in the longitudinal direction, and this is formed into a predetermined length. If the method of cutting and drying or cutting to a predetermined length after drying is used, the target solid feed for fish farming can be obtained very efficiently, and thus the present invention includes such a production method. .

The feed composition for fish farming referred to in the present invention includes, as well as raw materials for solid feed for fish farming, fish meal, meat meal, bone and meat meal, raw meat, krill meal, squid meal, whole egg powder, egg yolk powder, egg white powder Animal raw materials such as milk powder, skim milk powder, whole milk powder, casein, plankton, etc .; Vegetable raw materials such as cereals, beans, rice bran, oil cake, starches, cereal meal, soybean meal, yeast for feed, etc .; Nutritional components such as amino acids, sugars, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids; antibiotics, antibacterial agents, crude drugs, hormonal agents, growth promoters, drugs such as gamma globulin preparations; coloring agents, flavors, palatable substances, antioxidants, etc. Such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sodium alginate, various gums, sodium polyacrylate, and binders such as wheat gluten; Refers to those formulated by selecting any of Te, the type of feed materials and components are not particularly limited. In addition, the above-mentioned components (particularly, drugs and nutritional components) may be applied to the feed by any means such as application, spraying, impregnation and the like after the production of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention, if necessary.

The solid feed for fish cultivation of the present invention includes fish such as sea bream, red sea bream, eel, coho salmon, carp, tiger puffer, flounder, flounder, tuna, amberjack, grouper, sea bass, sea bream, horse mackerel, etc., and crustaceans such as shrimp, crab. Can be fed to shellfish such as clams, clams and turtles, or to fish and shellfish such as molluscs such as octopus and squid, and the kind of fish and shellfish to be fed is not particularly limited.

[0019]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 A raw material for a solid feed for fish farming having the composition shown in Table 1 below was prepared.

[0021]

[Table 1]

A feed material having the above-mentioned composition is supplied to an extruder [manufactured by Nippon Steel Works; twin-screw extruder "TE".
X47FSS "] 50kg per hour
And feed oil and fat for fish farming [Turlecithin Co., Ltd .; “A oil”] supplied to the feeder at a rate of 4.3 kg per hour and water at a rate of 7.7 liters per hour. The mixed raw material is then supplied at the same speed to the extruder body directly connected to the feeder, and kneaded at a screw rotation speed of 210 rpm and a pressure of 27 kg / cm ² while maintaining the barrel internal temperature at 160 ° C. And extruded from a die (six circular extrusion holes having a diameter of 8 mm are arranged at equal intervals on a circumference of 16 mm in diameter), and the extruded columnar bodies 2 are converged and joined to each other to form a long annular body. This was cut to a length of 43 mm with a cutter, and then heated and dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. until the water content became 10%, and a diameter 2 having a structure as shown in FIG.
A solid feed for fish culture of the present invention having a size of 6.3 mm and a length of 42.9 mm was produced.

The shape retention during extrusion and drying of the solid feed for fish farming and the time required for drying are as shown in Table 2 below. The porosity and average weight per piece of the dried solid food for fish culture obtained above were measured by the following methods.

Measurement of the porosity (%) of the solid feed for fish culture: Ten solid foods for fish culture were taken, the whole area including the cross section of each feed was measured, and the average value (S) was obtained.
t) (mm ² ) was calculated, and the average value (Sb) (mm ² ) of the total area of the voids in the cross section of each feed was calculated. The porosity (%) in was determined.

[0025]

[Expression 1] Porosity (%) = (Sb / St) × 100

Measurement of the average weight of the solid feed for fish farming: 20 pieces of solid feed for fish farming were randomly collected, the total weight of each solid feed for fish farming was divided by 20, and the average weight of one solid feed for fish farming ( g / piece).

Comparative Example 1 The same feed material used in Example 1 was supplied to an extruder and kneaded in the same manner as in Example 1, and the mixture was fed from a die having one circular hole having a diameter of 20 mm. After extruding and cutting the extruded rod into the same length of 43 mm as in Example 1, at a temperature of 120 ° C., the water content was 1
It heat-dried until it became 0%, and the average weight per piece is about 17.9 which is almost the same as the solid feed for fish culture obtained in Example 1.
g of solid pellets without voids was produced.

The pellet shape solid feed of Comparative Example 1 was extruded and dried, and the shape retention and the time required for drying were as shown in Table 2 below. Further, the porosity and average weight per piece of the obtained pellet-time solid feed after drying were measured by the above-described method, and the results are as shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 2 The same feed material as used in Example 1 was supplied to an extruder and kneaded in the same manner as in Example 1 to form an annular hole (having an outer diameter of 23 mm and corresponding to the wall thickness portion). After extruding from a die provided with a single annular slit having a thickness of 5.8 mm) and cutting the extruded tubular body into 43 mm, which is the same length as in Example 1, a water content of 10 mm was obtained at a temperature of 120 ° C. %, And the average weight per piece is almost the same as the solid feed for fish farming obtained in Example 1.
A cylindrical solid feed weighing 8 g was produced.

The pellet-shaped solid feed of Comparative Example 2 was extruded and dried at the time of shape retention and drying as shown in Table 2 below. Further, the porosity and average weight per piece of the obtained dried pelleted solid feed were measured by the above-mentioned method, and as shown in Table 2.

<< Patility Test >> The solid feed obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was fed into yellowtail, and its palatability was examined as follows. That is, each yellowtail is 200
Three cages containing 0 animals were provided, and the feed of Comparative Example 1 was first fed in each cage until yellowtails did not float on the water surface. After 10 minutes, each feed was fed and the feeding state was compared. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0032]

[Table 2]  Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Physical properties of solid feed Weight (g / piece) 18.7 17.9 18.8 Length (mm) 42.9 43.0 41.5 Porosity (%) 5.2 0 8.9Shape retention during extrusion Good good bad¹⁾ Shape retention during drying Good good bad²⁾ Drying temperature (° C) 120 120 120 Time required for drying (minutes) 20 41 23 Good taste due to yellowtail Good Bad³⁾ Bad³⁾  1) The cylindrical body is crushed and bent at the time of extrusion.2) The crushed, bent and collapsed body is frequent during drying.
Be

From the results in Table 2 above, it can be seen that the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention can be dried efficiently in a short time,
In addition, it can be seen that the shape retention is good at the time of extrusion or drying, and that deformation or breakage such as crushing, bending, or collapse does not occur, and that the taste due to yellowtail is high.

Example 2 A feed material having the composition shown in Table 1 was supplied to a feeder of the same extruder as used in Example 1 at a rate of 30 kg per hour, and the feed material was supplied to the feeder section. The same feed fat and oil for fish farming as used in Example 1 was supplied and mixed at a rate of 4 kg per hour and water at a rate of 4.3 liters per hour, and the screw was rotated while maintaining the barrel temperature at 180 ° C. Number 214
kneading at a pressure of 21 kg / cm ² and a die (diameter 1).
Three 1 mm circular extrusion holes are arranged at equal intervals on a circumference of 13 mm in diameter), and the extruded columnar bodies 2 are converged and joined to each other to form a long annular body. This is cut to a length of 41 mm with a cutter,
At a temperature of 10% until the water content became 10%, to produce a solid feed for fish farming having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 and having a diameter of 34.5 mm and a length of 40.3 mm. Table 3 below shows the weight, porosity, time required for drying, and the like of the solid feed for fish culture of Example 2.

[0035]

[Table 3]

Further, the solid feed for fish farming of Example 1 and the solid feed for Example 2 were prepared using a cylindrical water tank having a height of 1.5 m and a diameter of 30 cm.
When the sedimentation velocity of the solid feed for fish culture in seawater was examined, the average of 20 trials was 5.45 m / min and 7.48 m / min, respectively. These results show that the sedimentation velocity can be controlled by adjusting the porosity of the feed.

[0037]

The solid feed for fish culture of the present invention has voids (spaces) in the length direction, so that it can be dried efficiently at a relatively low temperature in a short time. Further, since the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention has high strength and excellent shape retention, it can be bent, dented, deformed such as crushed, or damaged such as cracked or collapsed at the time of production, drying, and after drying. Does not occur. Therefore, the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention can be made into a large size suitable for feeding large fish such as yellowtail and tuna, and in that case, the feeding efficiency can be improved. Further, the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention has a high palatability due to the fish and shellfish, since the texture inside the solid feed is softened. In addition, by adjusting the porosity in the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention, the buoyancy and the sedimentation speed when administered in water can be adjusted according to the feeding tendency of fish and shellfish.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a solid feed for fish culture of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing another example of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing still another example of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing still another example of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional shape of a columnar body which is a component of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solid feed for fish culture 2 Pillar 2 'Pillar 3 Void

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23K 1 / 18,1 / 20 A01K 97/04

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A solid feed for fish farming, having a structure in which three or more columnar bodies are bundled and joined, and having a gap in the longitudinal direction. 2. A feed composition for fish farming is extruded into three or more pillars, and the extruded pillars are bundled together at the same time as or after extrusion and joined together to form a structure having a gap in the longitudinal direction. 2. The method for producing a solid feed for fish farming according to claim 1, wherein the food is cut to length and then dried or cut to a predetermined length after drying.