JPH06261696A - Solid feed for pisciculture and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a solid feed for pisciculture having soft palatability, stimulating the appetite of fish and shellfish and having controllable precipitation speed in water by extruding a pisciculture feed in the form of plural rods, bundling and bonding the rods to a structure having a space, cutting to prescribed length and drying the cut pellets. CONSTITUTION:A pisciculture feed composition composed of wholemeal, krill meal, corn starch, potato starch, mineral mix, calcium phosphate, choline chloride, feed oil, etc., is supplied to a feeder of an extruder together with water and an oil and fat for pisciculture feed. The supplied components are mixed with each other, transferred to the main body of the extruder and extruded through a die by rotating the screw at a barrel temperature of 160 deg.C. Three or more extruded strands 2 are bonded with each other to form a tubular material having a longitudinally extending space 3. The tubular material is cut to prescribed length with a cutter and dried or the material is dried and then cut to prescribed length to obtain the objective solid pisciculture feed 1 having soft palatability, stimulating the appetite of fish and shellfish and having controllable precipitation speed in water.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a solid feed for fish farming and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid feed for fish farming, which has a large surface area, is easily dried, is resistant to deformation such as bending, can be upsized, and has good palatability by seafood, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fish meal, raw fish, pupa, etc. have been used alone as a powder or as a feed for fish as feed for fish farming. In recent years, the components of these fish meal, raw fish, etc. have been used. A mixture of vegetable oil meal, cereal flour, starch, vitamins, minerals and other ingredients is extruded into rods, cut into appropriate lengths, and dried pelleted solid feed is easy to handle and It is widely used because of its good nutritional balance and good feeding.

However, the conventional pelleted solid feed requires a long time and a high temperature to dry the inside of the feed in the drying process in the final stage of production,
The drying efficiency was not good. In particular, for feeds to be fed to large fish such as tuna and yellowtail, a larger size is preferable because both feeding efficiency and palatability are better, but with conventional pelleted solid feeds, the larger the size, the greater the dryness. It takes longer and longer and the temperature is higher. Moreover, problems such as cracks in the feed are likely to occur during drying, and it has been difficult to produce solid feed having a large size. Further, the above-mentioned conventional pelleted solid feed is generally not said to have sufficiently good palatability and feeding ability by seafood, and improvements in these points have been demanded.

Therefore, for the purpose of improving the drawbacks of the conventional solid feed and improving the drying efficiency, there has been proposed a solid feed in which a hole is made in the center direction to form a cylindrical shape. 62-7890). The cylindrical solid feed has an advantage that the surface area of the feed is increased by providing the hollow at the center thereof, and therefore the drying efficiency is improved as compared with the conventional solid feed having no hollow.

However, in the case of the above-mentioned cylindrical solid feed, since the cylindrical wall is thinned by providing the cavity, the strength and shape retention are reduced as compared with the conventional solid feed having no cavity, and at the time of production. It has a defect that it is liable to be deformed such as bent or dented and is easily collapsed even after drying.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a solid feed for fish farming, which can be efficiently dried at a relatively low temperature in a short time and can be smoothly dried even when the size is increased. It is to be. Furthermore, the present invention has an object to provide a solid feed having a large strength and good shape retention without causing bending, dents, deformation such as crushing, or damage such as cracking or collapse during or after manufacturing. . Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid feed having good palatability and feeding ability by seafood.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of repeated studies by the present inventors under the above circumstances, the solid pellets for fish farming were formed into conventional pellets without cavities, or as in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention has been completed by finding that the above object can be achieved by using a structure in which three or more columnar bodies are joined to each other and bundled to form a cavity having a cavity in the longitudinal direction instead of the cylindrical shape.

That is, the present invention is a solid feed for fish farming, characterized in that it has a structure in which three or more columnar bodies are bundled and joined together, and that it has voids in the longitudinal direction.

The present invention also has a structure in which a fish feed composition is extruded into three or more columns, and the extruded columns are bundled together at the same time as after extrusion or after extrusion and joined to each other to have a void in the longitudinal direction, This is a method for producing a solid feed for fish farming, which comprises cutting this to a predetermined length and then drying or cutting it to a predetermined length after drying.

Although not limited thereto, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings of typical examples of the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention for understanding the contents. First, the solid feed 1 for fish farming of the present invention is formed by bundling three or more columnar bodies 2 and joining them together, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, for example.

In the solid feed for fish farming according to the present invention, the number of columnar bodies 2 bundled and joined to each other may be 3 or more, and the upper limit is not limited. From the viewpoint of easiness of production and porosity of the obtained product, it is preferable to have a structure in which 3 to 9 columnar bodies are bundled and joined. In that case, the arrangement state of the three or more columnar bodies is not limited as long as the three or more columnar bodies can be converged and joined to form one solid feed excellent in strength and shape retention. However, it is not particularly limited, but it is necessary that voids be present between the joined columnar bodies, and the drying efficiency, soft texture, and
When administered in water, it is possible to adjust the buoyancy and sedimentation rate.

A solid feed 1 for fish farming according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to form an annular structure in which the voids 3 are formed in the central portion by arranging and arranging in a circle on the circumference so as to converge and be joined. Further, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, three or more columnar bodies 2 may be arranged both on the outer side and the inner side and converged / joined to each other so that the inside is almost clogged. It is preferable to join the columnar bodies 2 to each other so that the voids 3 are formed between the columnar bodies 2.

The cross-sectional shape of each columnar body constituting the solid feed for fish farming may be circular as shown in (a) of FIGS. 1 to 4 or 5 or, for example, (b) of FIG. As shown in (f) and the like, the shape may be an elliptical shape, a ring shape, a square shape such as a quadrangle, a polygonal shape, or another shape such as a V shape. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the individual solid feed 1 for fish farming may be composed of three or more columnar bodies 2 having the same diameter and cross-sectional shape, or as shown in FIG. 4, for example. In addition, three or more columnar bodies 2, 2'having different diameters and cross-sectional shapes may be formed by converging and joining.

The size (diameter and length) of the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure is not particularly limited and can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and size of the seafood to be fed. , Generally about 5 to 50 mm in diameter and about 5 to 10 in length
It is good to set it to 0 mm. For example, in the case of feed for large seafood such as yellowtail and tuna, the diameter is about 25 to 5
A large-sized solid feed having a length of 0 mm and a length of about 35 to 100 mm can be obtained, whereby palatability and feeding efficiency can be improved.

Although not limited, the porosity of the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention is such that, when viewed in a cross section of the solid feed for fish culture, the total proportion of all the voids 3 is the whole of the feed. Based on the cross-sectional area, it is preferably about 1.5 to 30%, which makes it possible to improve the drying efficiency during feed production while maintaining good strength and shape retention. The palatability, and the buoyancy and sedimentability when administered in water can be adjusted to an appropriate range. In addition, even if the columnar body 2 constituting the solid feed 1 is expanded,
Alternatively, it may not be swollen.

The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention may be produced by any method as long as it has the above structure. Among them, the feed composition for fish farming is extruded into three or more pillars, and the extruded pillars are bundled together at the same time as the extruding or after the extruding and joined to each other to form a structure having a void in the longitudinal direction, which is formed into a predetermined length. When the method of cutting and then drying or cutting after drying to a predetermined length is used, the intended solid feed for fish farming can be obtained very efficiently, and therefore, the present invention includes such a production method. .

The fish feed composition for use in the present invention means fish meal, meat meal, bone meat meal, raw meat, krill meal, squid meal, whole egg meal, egg yolk meal, and egg white meal, as in the case of general feed ingredients for fish feed. , Non-fat dry milk powder, whole milk powder, casein, plankton and other animal raw materials; cereals, blister, rice bran, oil meal, starch, starch, cereal meal, soybean meal, yeasts for feed, etc .; oils and fats; vitamins and minerals , Nutritional ingredients such as amino acids, sugars, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids; drugs such as antibiotics, antibacterial agents, crude drugs, hormones, growth promoters, gamma globulin preparations; coloring agents, fragrances, palatability agents, antioxidants, etc. Ingredients such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginate, various gums, sodium polyacrylate, wheat gluten, and other binders; Refers to those formulated by selecting any of Te, the type of feed materials and components are not particularly limited. If necessary, the above-mentioned components (particularly drugs and nutritional components) may be applied to the feed by any means such as application, spraying and impregnation after the production of the fish feed solid feed of the present invention.

The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention is a fish such as yellowtail, red sea bream, eel, coho salmon, carp, tiger puffer fish, flounder, flounder, tuna, amberjack, grouper, sea bass, striped horse mackerel, and shellfish such as shrimp and crab. It can be fed to shellfish such as clams, clams and turban shells or to seafood such as molluscs such as octopus and squid, and the type of the seafood to be fed is not particularly limited.

[0019]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 A raw material for a solid feed for fish farming having the composition shown in Table 1 below was prepared.

[0021]

[Table 1]

A feed raw material having the above-mentioned composition was fed into an extruder [manufactured by Japan Steel Works, Ltd .; twin-screw extruder "TE".
X47FSS ”] feeder 50kg per hour
Of the feed oil for fish farming [manufactured by Tsuru Lecithin Co., Ltd .; "A oil"] at a rate of 4.3 kg per hour and water at a rate of 7.7 liters per hour. Then, the mixed raw materials are then fed at the same speed to the extruder main body directly connected to the feeder, and kneaded at a screw rotation speed of 210 rpm and a pressure of 27 kg / cm ² while maintaining the temperature in the barrel at 160 ° C. , A die (circular extrusion holes having a diameter of 8 mm are arranged at equal intervals on a circle having a diameter of 16 mm), and the extruded columnar bodies 2 are converged and joined to each other to form a long annular body. After being formed and cut into a length of 43 mm with a cutter, it is heated and dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. until the water content becomes 10%, and a diameter of 2 having a structure as shown in FIG.
The solid feed for fish farming of the present invention having a length of 6.3 mm and a length of 42.9 mm was produced.

The shape retention properties of the solid feed for fish farming during extrusion and during drying and the time required for drying were as shown in Table 2 below. Further, the porosity and the average weight per piece of the dried solid feed for fish farming obtained above were measured by the following methods, and were as shown in Table 2.

Measurement of porosity (%) of solid feed for fish farming: Ten solid feeds for fish farming were taken, the entire area including the void portion of the cross section of each feed was measured, and the average value (S)
t) (mm ² ) was calculated, and the average value (Sb) (mm ² ) of the total area of the voids in the cross section of each feed was calculated, and the cross section of the solid feed for fish farming was calculated using the following formula 1. The porosity (%) was calculated.

[0025]

[Equation 1] Porosity (%) = (Sb / St) × 100

Measurement of average weight of solid feed for fish culture: 20 pieces of solid feed for fish culture were randomly sampled, the total weight of solid feed for fish culture was divided by 20, and the average weight of one solid feed for fish culture ( g / piece).

Comparative Example 1 The same feed raw material used in Example 1 was fed to an extruder and kneaded in the same manner as in Example 1, and a die provided with one circular hole having a diameter of 20 mm was used. After extruding, the extruded rod-shaped body was cut into 43 mm having the same length as in Example 1, and then the water content was 1 at a temperature of 120 ° C.
It is dried by heating to 0%, and the average weight per piece is almost the same as that of the solid feed for fish farming obtained in Example 1 17.9.
Void-free pelleted chow was produced.

Table 2 below shows the shape-retaining properties of the pelletized solid feed of Comparative Example 1 during extrusion and during drying, and the time required for drying. The porosity and average weight per pellet of the obtained pellet-time solid feed after drying were measured by the methods described above, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 2 The same feed raw material used in Example 1 was fed to an extruder and kneaded in the same manner as in Example 1 to form an annular hole (having an outer diameter of 23 mm and corresponding to a wall thickness portion). The annular slit having a thickness of 5.8 mm) is extruded from a die provided with the annular slit, and the extruded tubular body is cut into 43 mm having the same length as in Example 1, and then the moisture content is 10 at a temperature of 120 ° C. % By heating to about 20% and the average weight per one is almost the same as the solid feed for fish cultivation obtained in Example 1.
A cylindrical chow of 8 g was produced.

Table 3 below shows the shape-retaining properties of the pelletized solid feed of Comparative Example 2 during extrusion and during drying, and the time required for drying. Further, the porosity and the average weight per piece of the obtained pelletized solid feed after drying were measured by the above-mentioned method, and as shown in Table 2.

<< Preference test >> The solid feeds obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were fed to yellowtails, and their preference was examined as follows. That is, each yellowtail is 200
Three cages containing 0 animals were provided. First, the feed of Comparative Example 1 was fed in each cage until the yellowtail did not rise to the surface of the water, and 10 minutes after that, the feeds were fed and their feeding states were compared. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0032]

[Table 2]  Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Physical properties of solid feed Weight (g / piece) 18.7 17.9 18.8 Length (mm) 42.9 43.0 41.5 Porosity (%) 5.2 0 8.9Shape retention during extrusion Good good bad¹⁾ Shape retention when dry Good good bad²⁾ Drying temperature (℃) 120 120 120 Time required for drying (min) 20 41 23 Good taste due to yellowtail Good Poor³⁾ Bad³⁾  1) Crushing and bending of the tubular body during extrusion 2) Frequent collapse, bending and collapse of the tubular body during drying 3) Temporary feeding, but many exhaled conditions are seen
Be

From the results shown in Table 2 above, the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention can be dried with good heat efficiency in a short time.
In addition, it can be seen that the shape retention is good at the time of extrusion and drying, that it does not cause deformation or damage such as crushing, bending, and collapse, and that it has a high preference for brittleness.

Example 2 Feed raw material having the composition shown in Table 1 was fed to the feeder of the same extruder as used in Example 1 at a rate of 30 kg per hour, and was fed to the feeder section. The same feed fat and oil for fish farming as used in Example 1 was fed at a rate of 4 kg per hour and water at a rate of 4.3 liters per hour, and mixed, and the screw was rotated while keeping the barrel temperature at 180 ° C. Number 214
Kneading at a rpm of 21 kg / cm ² and a die (diameter 1
(1 mm circular extrusion holes are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference of a diameter of 13 mm), and the extruded columnar bodies 2 are converged and joined to each other to form a long annular body. This is cut with a cutter to a length of 41 mm and 120 ° C
By heating and drying at a temperature of 10% until the water content becomes 10%, a solid feed for fish farming having a structure as shown in FIG. 1 and having a diameter of 34.5 mm and a length of 40.3 mm was manufactured. Table 3 below shows the weight, porosity, time required for drying, and the like of the solid feed for fish farming of Example 2.

[0035]

[Table 3]

Further, the solid feed for fish farming of Example 1 and Example 2 were used by using a cylindrical water tank having a height of 1.5 m and a diameter of 30 cm.
When the sedimentation speed of the fish feed of Example 1 in seawater was examined, the average values of 20 trials were 5.45 m / min and 7.48 m / min, respectively. From this result, it is understood that the sedimentation rate can be controlled by adjusting the porosity of the feed.

[0037]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Since the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention has voids (spaces) in the length direction, it can be efficiently dried at a relatively low temperature in a short time. Further, since the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention has high strength and excellent shape retention, it is bent or dented, deformed such as crushed, or damaged such as cracked or collapsed during its production or drying, and after drying. Does not occur. Therefore, the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention can have a large size suitable for feeding large fish such as yellowtail and tuna, and in that case, feeding efficiency can be improved. Further, the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention has a soft texture due to the voids present inside thereof, and thus has high palatability by seafood. Further, by adjusting the porosity in the solid feed for fish culture of the present invention, it is possible to adjust the floating property, sedimentation speed, etc. when administered in water according to the feeding tendency of fish and shellfish.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a solid feed for fish farming of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing still another example of the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing still another example of the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of a cross-sectional shape of a columnar body which is a constituent element of the solid feed for fish farming of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Solid feed for fish farming 2 Columnar body 2'Columne body 3 Void

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A solid feed for fish farming, which has a structure in which three or more columnar bodies are bundled and joined to each other and has voids in the longitudinal direction. 2. A structure for extruding a feed composition for fish farming into three or more pillars and bundling the extruded pillars at the same time as or after the extruding and bundling them to form a structure having a void in the longitudinal direction. The method for producing a solid feed for fish farming according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed after cutting to a length and then drying, or cutting to a predetermined length after drying.