JP3235386U - Biomass-fueled combustion furnace - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】バイオマスの燃料としての利用を促進するため、小型、軽量、安価なバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉を提供する。【解決手段】バイオマス燃料１を、押し棒７および押し板６で、一次燃焼室入り口１０を経由して一次燃焼室８へ手動で押し出すのに際し、燃焼温度をコントロールしながら、複数の燃料塊を順次燃焼炉の奥へ位置をずらしながら、送っていく方式を取る。その際、温度計２１および覗き窓２２からの情報を基に一次燃焼室８内の燃焼状態を監視し、バイオマスの種類により異なる燃焼条件に合わせて、一度に投入する燃料塊の量、次の燃料塊を投入するまでの時間的間隔、送風機１９およびバーナー２０の利用の程度によって一次燃焼室８内の燃焼状態を調節することができる。【選択図】図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small, lightweight and inexpensive combustion furnace using biomass as a fuel in order to promote the use of biomass as a fuel. SOLUTION: When a biomass fuel 1 is manually pushed out to a primary combustion chamber 8 via a primary combustion chamber inlet 10 by a push rod 7 and a push plate 6, a plurality of fuel lumps are pressed while controlling a combustion temperature. The method is to send the fuel while shifting the position to the back of the combustion chamber. At that time, the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber 8 is monitored based on the information from the thermometer 21 and the viewing window 22, and the amount of fuel mass to be charged at one time according to the combustion conditions different depending on the type of biomass, the following The combustion state in the primary combustion chamber 8 can be adjusted by the time interval until the fuel block is charged and the degree of use of the blower 19 and the burner 20. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1
Description
本考案は、特段の動力源を必要としないため郊外や山間部などにも設置可能であり、簡潔な構造を持つため小型化が容易かつ安価な、バイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉に関する。
また、原材料の種類、乾燥度合い、ペレット化等の処理により各々特性が異なるいずれかのバイオマスを燃料とした場合であっても、それに適応した制御が可能であり、点火時および消火時を除く定常運転時には安定した燃焼状態を維持することができる性能を有するバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉に関する。
さらに、二次燃焼室に充填された粘土質系の触媒によって有害な物質を排出せず、熱交換器で生じる水蒸気を活用し、水蒸気発電等に有効利用することができるバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉に関する。
The present invention relates to a biomass-fueled combustion furnace that does not require a special power source and can be installed in suburbs or mountainous areas, has a simple structure, is easy to miniaturize, and is inexpensive.
In addition, even if any biomass with different characteristics is used as fuel depending on the type of raw material, degree of dryness, pelletization, etc., it is possible to control according to it, and it is steady except at the time of ignition and extinguishing. The present invention relates to a biomass-fueled combustion furnace having the ability to maintain a stable combustion state during operation.
Furthermore, combustion using biomass as fuel, which can be effectively used for steam power generation, etc., by utilizing the steam generated in the heat exchanger without discharging harmful substances by the clay-based catalyst filled in the secondary combustion chamber. Regarding the furnace.
脱炭素社会に向け、化石燃料から木質バイオマスへのエネルギー転換が着目されているが、設備費が高額であるためユーザーの導入意欲が薄く、低価格の装置は、機能が落ちるため、なかなかバイオマスへの切り替えがうまくいっていない状況である。
また、ストーカ（給炭機）のバイオマス投入は、スクリュー式が一般的であるが、電力を必要とするため工場や木材加工所等の敷地内に設置する必要がある。その場合、バイオマスの原材料が得られる山間部等から燃料を輸送する必要があるため、原材料が安価な割には燃料自体のコストが高くなってしまう。
Toward a decarbonized society, attention is being paid to energy conversion from fossil fuels to woody biomass, but users are less motivated to introduce it due to high equipment costs, and low-priced equipment loses its functions, so it is quite difficult to switch to biomass. It is a situation where the switching of is not successful.
In addition, the biomass input of the stoker (coal supply machine) is generally a screw type, but since it requires electric power, it needs to be installed on the premises of a factory or a wood processing plant. In that case, since it is necessary to transport the fuel from the mountainous area where the raw material for biomass is obtained, the cost of the fuel itself is high for the cheap raw material.
また、バイオマスの原材料である木質材料の種類や、その乾燥具合、ペレット化等の処理の有無や、そのペレットサイズなどが異なる場合、その燃料に適した乾燥時間や燃焼温度が異なるが、それらに自動で対応させるには大がかりな制御装置が必要になり、装置の大型化や価格の高騰というデメリットが生じる。
一般の薪ボイラーや木屑炊きボイラーは、扉を開けてバッチ式で投入される方法で安価であるが、含水率の高い燃料を用いる場合、投入直後には燃焼炉内の温度が一時的に下がってしまい、煤煙や大気汚染物質の問題が生じる。
In addition, if the type of wood-based material that is the raw material of biomass, its drying condition, the presence or absence of processing such as pelletization, and the pellet size are different, the drying time and combustion temperature suitable for the fuel will be different. A large-scale control device is required for automatic response, which has the disadvantages of increasing the size of the device and increasing the price.
General wood-fired boilers and wood-scrap boilers are inexpensive because they are charged in batch by opening the door, but when using fuel with a high water content, the temperature inside the combustion furnace temporarily drops immediately after charging. This causes problems with soot and air pollutants.
従来の燃焼装置においては、含水率の高い木質チップに対し、チップ供給口からスロープを設け、スロープ上に旋回流の燃焼ガスを通過させることで、未燃チップの乾燥を促進させている。また、火格子上を往復運動するプッシャーにより、チップが攪拌されて乾燥を促進している。例えば、特許文献１、非特許文献１参照のこと。
In the conventional combustion device, the wood chips having a high water content are provided with a slope from the chip supply port, and the combustion gas of the swirling flow is passed over the slope to promote the drying of the unburned chips. In addition, the chips are agitated by the pusher that reciprocates on the grate to promote drying. See, for example,
本考案は、上記のように従来技術が持つ課題、すなわち装置の小型化や低価格化、設置場所の自由度、燃料の種類により異なる燃焼条件の制御、燃焼温度の定常化と排気の清浄化を実現することを目的としている。 As described above, the present invention has the problems of the conventional technology, that is, miniaturization and price reduction of the device, freedom of installation location, control of combustion conditions different depending on the type of fuel, constant combustion temperature and purification of exhaust gas. The purpose is to realize.
本考案は、バイオマス燃料（１）を、押し棒（プッシャー）（７）および押し板（６）で、一次燃焼室入り口（１０）を経由して一次燃焼室（８）へ押し出すに際し、燃焼温度をコントロールしながら、いくつかの燃料塊を順次燃焼炉の奥へ位置をずらしながら、送っていく方式を取る。
すなわち、投入量調整室（４）、投入予備室（５）、一次燃焼室（８）、灰受け槽（１１）、二次燃焼室（１２）、熱交換室（１４）を有するバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉であって、前記投入量調整室（４）は、投入予備室（５）の直上にあり、上部の投入口開閉扉（２）で外部からの燃料投入が可能であり、下部のスライド式仕切り板（３）で投入した燃料を投入予備室（５）に落下可能であり、前記投入予備室（５）は、連続する一次燃焼室（８）に一次燃焼室入り口（１０）を経由して接続され、一次燃焼室（８）と反対側から先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）で燃料塊を一次燃焼室（８）内に押し出し、前記先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）は、押し板（６）が一次燃焼室入り口（１０）に合致する時一次燃焼室（８）の内壁と共に断熱能を持った耐熱壁を形成し、投入予備室（５）内の燃料塊を一次燃焼室（８）に押し出す機能、その際に既に一次燃焼室（８）内に存在する複数個の燃料塊を順次灰受け槽（１１）方向に押し出す機能を有し、前記一次燃焼室（８）は、一次燃焼室入り口（１０）から灰受け槽（１１）まで平坦な炉床（９）を有し、燃焼を補佐する装置として、オイルバーナー（２０）及び送風機（１９）が設置され、前記灰受け槽（１１）は、一次燃焼室（８）内で十分な時間燃焼した燃焼後の灰が、燃料塊が順次押し出されるのに従い灰受け槽（１１）に蓄積し、前記二次燃焼室（１２）は、一次燃焼室（８）で未燃焼のガスが誘導され、充填されたダイオキシン等の有害物質を熱分解可能な粘土質系触媒（１３）により完全燃焼し、前記熱交換室（１４）は、二次燃焼室（１２）で発生する高温ガスの廃熱を、給水口（１６）から供給される水が通る蛇管（１５）で吸収し、蒸気出口（１７）から取り出す水蒸気を外部利用する、構成を有するバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉である。
燃料塊を燃焼炉の奥に送り込む際には温度計（２１）および覗き窓（２２）からの情報を基に一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼状態を監視し、バイオマスの種類により異なる燃焼条件に合わせて、一度に投入する燃料塊の量、次の燃料塊を投入するまでの時間的間隔、送風機（１９）およびオイルバーナー（２０）の利用の程度によって一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼状態を調節することができる。
In the present invention, when the biomass fuel (1) is pushed out to the primary combustion chamber (8) via the primary combustion chamber inlet (10) by the push rod (pusher) (7) and the push plate (6), the combustion temperature is reached. While controlling the fuel mass, several fuel blocks are sequentially sent to the back of the combustion chamber while shifting their positions.
That is, the biomass having a charging amount adjusting chamber (4), a charging reserve chamber (5), a primary combustion chamber (8), an ash receiving tank (11), a secondary combustion chamber (12), and a heat exchange chamber (14) is used as fuel. The input amount adjustment chamber (4) is located directly above the input reserve chamber (5), and fuel can be input from the outside through the upper input port opening / closing door (2), and the lower part. The fuel charged by the sliding partition plate (3) can be dropped into the charging spare chamber (5), and the charging spare chamber (5) is connected to the continuous primary combustion chamber (8) at the primary combustion chamber entrance (10). The fuel mass is pushed into the primary combustion chamber (8) by a push rod (7) having a push plate (6) at the tip from the opposite side to the primary combustion chamber (8), and the push plate is pushed to the tip. The push rod (7) having (6) forms a heat-resistant wall having a heat insulating ability together with the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber (8) when the push plate (6) matches the entrance (10) of the primary combustion chamber, and is charged. A function to push out the fuel mass in the spare chamber (5) to the primary combustion chamber (8), and at that time, a plurality of fuel ingots already existing in the primary combustion chamber (8) are sequentially pushed out toward the ash receiving tank (11). The primary combustion chamber (8) has a function and has a flat hearth (9) from the entrance (10) of the primary combustion chamber to the ash receiving tank (11), and as a device for assisting combustion, an oil burner ( 20) and a blower (19) are installed, and the ash receiving tank (11) is an ash receiving tank as the ash after combustion burned in the primary combustion chamber (8) for a sufficient time is sequentially extruded. A clay-based catalyst that accumulates in (11) and is capable of thermally decomposing harmful substances such as dioxin filled in the secondary combustion chamber (12) by inducing unburned gas in the primary combustion chamber (8) (11). It is completely burned by 13), and the heat exchange chamber (14) is a serpentine tube (15) through which water supplied from the water supply port (16) passes the waste heat of the high temperature gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (12). It is a combustion furnace that uses biomass as a fuel and has a structure that absorbs and externally uses steam taken out from the steam outlet (17).
When sending the fuel mass to the back of the combustion furnace, the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber (8) is monitored based on the information from the thermometer (21) and the viewing window (22), and the combustion conditions differ depending on the type of biomass. Combustion in the primary combustion chamber (8) depending on the amount of fuel ingot to be charged at one time, the time interval until the next fuel ingot is charged, and the degree of use of the blower (19) and oil burner (20). The condition can be adjusted.
一次燃焼室（８）に押し出された直後のバイオマス燃料（１）の燃料塊は、先だって一次燃焼室（８）内に投入され燃焼中の燃料塊の燃焼熱によって含有する水分の蒸発が始まり、やがて十分に乾燥する。これから先は後から押し出された後の燃料塊によって順々に奥に押し込まれ、最後は灰受け槽（１１）まで移動する。この間、それぞれの燃料塊は一次燃焼室（８）内の滞在時間に応じて以下の通り燃焼状態が遷移する。
乾燥された燃料塊は徐々に熱分解し可燃性ガス（一酸化炭素、メタン、エタン、水素等）を発生し、やがて引火して燃焼が始まる。さらに、奥に押し込まれた燃料塊は、ガス状の揮発成分（炭化水素類等）の発生がピークになり、やがて熱分解ガスの生成が終息する。さらなる加熱によりタールが発生し、ガス化する。灰受け槽（１１）近くまで押し込まれた燃料塊はこの時点で炭が形成され、燃焼による熱エネルギーが最大になる。最後に燃料塊は灰化し灰受け槽に溜められる。
Immediately after being extruded into the primary combustion chamber (8), the fuel mass of the biomass fuel (1) is put into the primary combustion chamber (8) in advance, and the combustion heat of the fuel mass during combustion starts evaporation of the water contained therein. Eventually it dries sufficiently. From now on, it will be pushed into the back one by one by the fuel mass after being pushed out later, and finally it will move to the ash receiving tank (11). During this period, the combustion state of each fuel block changes as follows according to the staying time in the primary combustion chamber (8).
The dried fuel mass gradually pyrolyzes to generate flammable gas (carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, hydrogen, etc.), which eventually ignites and begins to burn. Further, in the fuel mass pushed into the back, the generation of gaseous volatile components (hydrocarbons, etc.) peaks, and the generation of pyrolysis gas ends soon. Further heating produces tar and gasifies it. At this point, charcoal is formed in the fuel mass pushed close to the ash receiving tank (11), and the heat energy due to combustion is maximized. Finally, the fuel mass is ashed and stored in the ash receiving tank.
この考案に係るバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉よれば、バイオマスの原材料の種類や処理にかかわらず、安定な燃焼状態を維持することができ、燃焼炉自体も軽量、安価、小型化が実現され、山間部の伐採地近辺などにも設置可能なバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉を実現することができた。 According to the biomass-fueled combustion furnace according to this invention, a stable combustion state can be maintained regardless of the type and treatment of the raw material of biomass, and the combustion furnace itself is lightweight, inexpensive, and miniaturized. We were able to realize a biomass-fueled combustion furnace that can be installed near felled areas in the mountains.
以下、本考案を実施するに当たって好ましい態様を具体的に記載するが、本考案の範囲はこれらにより限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
図１〜図４に示すように、一実施例に係るバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉は、投入量調整室（４）、投入予備室（５）、一次燃焼室（８）、灰受け槽（１１）、二次燃焼室（１２）、熱交換室（１４）を有するバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉である。前記投入量調整室（４）は、投入予備室（５）の直上に配置されている。調整室（４）は上部の投入口開閉扉（２）を開いて外部からの燃料投入が可能である。また、下部のスライド式仕切り板（３）で投入された燃料を投入予備室（５）に落下可能としてある。前記投入予備室（５）は、これに連続（連通）する一次燃焼室（８）に形成された矩形の一次燃焼室入り口（１０）およびこれから所定長さにわたり延長された路床（９）を経由して接続されている。また、この路床（９）上では、投入予備室（５）から投入されたバイオマスの燃料の燃料塊が、先端に矩形板材である押し板（６）を固定した押し棒（７）で一次燃焼室（８）内に押し出しされるよう構成されている。なお、ここではバイオマスの燃料としては例えば乾燥した竹片、木片などが好適とされている。
前記先端に押し板（６）を有する所定長さの押し棒（７）は、押し板（６）が一次燃焼室入り口（１０）に合致・閉塞するとき、一次燃焼室（８）の内壁と共に断熱能を持った耐熱壁を形成する。すなわち、押し板（６）は耐熱材で構成されている。
よって、押し棒（７）は、投入予備室（５）内の一定量の燃料塊を一次燃焼室（８）に向かって押し出す機能およびその際に既に一次燃焼室（８）内に存在する複数個の燃料塊を順次灰受け槽（１１）方向に押し出す機能を有している。
なお、この一次燃焼室（８）は、投入予備室（５）の床面と同じ高さ位置にてその出口から一次燃焼室入り口（１０）を経て灰受け槽（１１）まで平坦な炉床（９）を有している。
一次燃焼室（８）にて燃焼を補佐する装置として、オイルバーナー（２０）及び送風機（１９）が設置されている。もちろんバーナーとしてはこの他ガスバーナーなども適用できる。
前記灰受け槽（１１）は、一次燃焼室（８）内で十分な時間燃焼した燃焼後の灰が、燃料塊が順次押し出されるのにしたがい灰受け槽（１１）に蓄積するよう路床（９）より一段低い底面を有している。
前記二次燃焼室（１２）は、一次燃焼室（８）で未燃焼のガスが誘導され、充填されたダイオキシン等の有害物質を熱分解可能な粘土質系触媒（１３）により完全燃焼する。
前記熱交換室（１４）は、二次燃焼室（１２）で発生する高温ガスの廃熱を、給水口（１６）から供給される水が通る蛇管（１５）で吸収し、蒸気出口（１７）から取り出す水蒸気を外部利用する。外部利用とは、室内暖房への利用の他、例えば上記発電などへの利用も考えられる。
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the biomass-fueled combustion furnace according to the embodiment includes a charging amount adjusting chamber (4), a charging reserve chamber (5), a primary combustion chamber (8), and an ash receiving tank ( 11), a biomass-fueled combustion furnace having a secondary combustion chamber (12) and a heat exchange chamber (14). The charging amount adjusting chamber (4) is arranged directly above the charging reserve chamber (5). The adjustment chamber (4) can be fueled from the outside by opening the upper inlet opening / closing door (2). Further, the fuel charged by the lower sliding partition plate (3) can be dropped into the charging reserve chamber (5). The charging reserve chamber (5) has a rectangular primary combustion chamber entrance (10) formed in the primary combustion chamber (8) connected to the primary combustion chamber (8) and a roadbed (9) extended from the primary combustion chamber entrance (9) over a predetermined length. Connected via. Further, on the roadbed (9), the fuel mass of the biomass fuel input from the input reserve chamber (5) is primary with a push rod (7) to which a push plate (6), which is a rectangular plate material, is fixed at the tip. It is configured to be extruded into the combustion chamber (8). Here, as the fuel for biomass, for example, dried bamboo pieces and wood pieces are considered to be suitable.
A push rod (7) having a push plate (6) at its tip and having a predetermined length is provided together with the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber (8) when the push plate (6) matches and closes with the entrance (10) of the primary combustion chamber. Form a heat-resistant wall with heat insulating ability. That is, the push plate (6) is made of a heat-resistant material.
Therefore, the push rod (7) has a function of pushing a certain amount of fuel mass in the charging reserve chamber (5) toward the primary combustion chamber (8), and at that time, a plurality of push rods (7) already existing in the primary combustion chamber (8). It has a function of sequentially pushing out individual fuel lumps in the direction of the ash receiving tank (11).
The primary combustion chamber (8) is a flat hearth from the outlet to the ash receiving tank (11) via the primary combustion chamber entrance (10) at the same height as the floor surface of the charging reserve chamber (5). Has (9).
An oil burner (20) and a blower (19) are installed as devices for assisting combustion in the primary combustion chamber (8). Of course, as a burner, a gas burner or the like can also be applied.
In the ash receiving tank (11), the ash after combustion burned in the primary combustion chamber (8) for a sufficient time is accumulated in the ash receiving tank (11) as the fuel lumps are sequentially extruded. It has a bottom surface that is one step lower than 9).
In the secondary combustion chamber (12), unburned gas is induced in the primary combustion chamber (8), and the filled toxic substances such as dioxin are completely burned by a pyrolytic catalyst (13) capable of thermally decomposing.
The heat exchange chamber (14) absorbs the waste heat of the high-temperature gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (12) by the serpentine tube (15) through which the water supplied from the water supply port (16) passes, and the steam outlet (17). ) Is used externally. The external use can be used not only for indoor heating but also for, for example, the above-mentioned power generation.
投入量調整室（４）では、調節されて一度に投入されるバイオマス燃料が、上部の投入口開閉扉（２）を明けて投入され、下部のスライド式仕切り板（３）を開いて、この投入された燃料を投入予備室（５）に落下させる。この際、投入口開閉扉（２）とスライド式仕切り板（３）のいずれかは閉まっているため、一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼熱が外気に直接接触することは防がれる。この際先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）は最も後退させておくため、投入した燃料塊は押し板（６）の前に落下する。 In the input amount adjustment room (4), the biomass fuel that has been adjusted and input at one time is input by opening the upper input port opening / closing door (2), and the lower sliding partition plate (3) is opened. The charged fuel is dropped into the charging reserve chamber (5). At this time, since either the inlet opening / closing door (2) or the sliding partition plate (3) is closed, it is possible to prevent the combustion heat in the primary combustion chamber (8) from coming into direct contact with the outside air. At this time, since the push rod (7) having the push plate (6) at the tip is retracted most, the charged fuel mass falls in front of the push plate (6).
先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）は、投入予備室（５）に落下した燃料塊を、一次燃焼室入り口（１０）を経由して一次燃焼室（８）に押し出す機能を有し、燃料塊の移動中以外は押し板（６）を一次燃焼室入り口（１０）に合致させ、一次燃焼室（８）の内壁と共に断熱能を持った耐熱壁を形成する。
なお、先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）の駆動は人力で行うため、外部エネルギーを必要とせず、燃焼炉の小型化、軽量化、低価格化が実現される。
The push rod (7) having a push plate (6) at the tip has a function of pushing the fuel mass that has fallen into the charging reserve chamber (5) to the primary combustion chamber (8) via the primary combustion chamber entrance (10). The push plate (6) is aligned with the entrance (10) of the primary combustion chamber except when the fuel mass is moving, and together with the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber (8), a heat-resistant wall having a heat insulating ability is formed.
Since the push rod (7) having the push plate (6) at the tip is driven manually, no external energy is required, and the combustion furnace can be made smaller, lighter, and cheaper.
一次燃焼室（８）に押し出された燃料塊は、次の燃料塊の押し出しによって少し奥に移動する。これを繰り返すことによって、燃料塊は徐々に一次燃焼室入り口（１０）側から平坦な炉床（９）上を灰受け槽（１１）まで移動する。移動により滞留する位置は、すなわち一次燃焼室（８）への押し出し後の経過時間と捉えることができる。 The fuel mass extruded into the primary combustion chamber (8) moves a little to the back by extruding the next fuel mass. By repeating this, the fuel mass gradually moves from the primary combustion chamber entrance (10) side to the ash receiving tank (11) on the flat hearth (9). The position where it stays due to movement can be regarded as the elapsed time after being extruded into the primary combustion chamber (8).
以下、一次燃焼室入り口（１０）からの投入から灰受け槽（１１）までに燃料塊がたどる状態を時間軸に沿って説明する。
図２に示すように、バイオマス燃料の燃焼は、燃焼炉に移動直後から、すぐさま空気中の酸素と結合して反応するのではなく、温度によっていくつかの段階を経て燃焼が進行する。
バイオマス燃料の一次燃焼室（８）内に投入直後の燃料塊は、一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼熱によって加熱され、１００℃に達するまでには水分が蒸発し乾燥する（第一次ステップ）。
続いて、第二次ステップでは、２００〜３００℃で熱分解し、可燃性ガス（一酸化炭素、メタン、エタン、水素等）を発生し、やがて引火して燃焼が始まる。
さらに、第三次ステップにおいては、４００℃でガス状の揮発成分（炭化水素類等）の発生がピークになり、やがて熱分解ガスの生成が終息する。さらなる加熱により４５０℃でタールが発生し、ガス化する。
その後、第四次ステップにて、灰受け槽（１１）近くまで押し込まれた燃料塊は、この時点で炭が形成され、燃焼による熱エネルギーが最大になる。
最後に燃料塊は灰化し灰受け槽（１１）に溜められる。
Hereinafter, the state in which the fuel mass traces from the charging from the primary combustion chamber inlet (10) to the ash receiving tank (11) will be described along the time axis.
As shown in FIG. 2, the combustion of biomass fuel does not immediately combine with oxygen in the air and react immediately after being moved to the combustion furnace, but the combustion proceeds through several stages depending on the temperature.
The fuel mass immediately after being put into the primary combustion chamber (8) of the biomass fuel is heated by the combustion heat in the primary combustion chamber (8), and the water evaporates and dries by the time it reaches 100 ° C. (first step). ).
Subsequently, in the second step, it is thermally decomposed at 200 to 300 ° C. to generate flammable gas (carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, hydrogen, etc.), which eventually ignites and starts combustion.
Further, in the third step, the generation of gaseous volatile components (hydrocarbons, etc.) peaks at 400 ° C., and the generation of pyrolysis gas ends soon. Further heating produces tar at 450 ° C and gasifies.
After that, in the fourth step, charcoal is formed in the fuel mass pushed to the vicinity of the ash receiving tank (11) at this point, and the heat energy due to combustion is maximized.
Finally, the fuel mass is ashed and stored in the ash receiving tank (11).
一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼状態の調節をするためには、温度計（２１）および覗き窓（２２）からの情報を基に一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼状態を監視し、バイオマスの種類により異なる燃焼条件に合わせて、一度に投入する燃料塊の量、次の燃料塊を投入するまでの時間的間隔、送風機（１９）およびオイルバーナー（２０）の利用の程度によって一次燃焼室（８）内の燃焼状態を調節することができる。 In order to adjust the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber (8), the combustion state in the primary combustion chamber (8) is monitored based on the information from the thermometer (21) and the viewing window (22), and the biomass. The primary combustion chamber depends on the amount of fuel ingot to be charged at one time, the time interval until the next fuel ingot is charged, and the degree of use of the blower (19) and oil burner (20) according to the combustion conditions that differ depending on the type of combustion. The combustion state in (8) can be adjusted.
このようにして調整された一次燃焼室（８）の内部は、常に各段階の燃料塊が同量存在し、順次燃焼と共に灰受け槽（１１）に溜まる灰となっていく。すなわち一次燃焼室（８）の内部はほぼ一定の燃焼状態を保つことができる。さらに全ての燃料塊は平坦な炉床（９）上を並んで移動するため互いに相手の燃料塊の燃焼を阻害することがないため、従来のボイラーで生じる、新しい燃料を投入した時に一時的に炉内の温度が低下することもない。 Inside the primary combustion chamber (8) adjusted in this way, the same amount of fuel mass at each stage is always present, and the ash accumulates in the ash receiving tank (11) with the sequential combustion. That is, the inside of the primary combustion chamber (8) can maintain a substantially constant combustion state. Furthermore, since all fuel ingots move side by side on the flat hearth (9), they do not interfere with the combustion of each other's fuel ingots, so that they are temporarily generated when new fuel is introduced, which is generated in conventional boilers. The temperature inside the furnace does not drop.
二次燃焼室（１２）は、一次燃焼室（８）で未燃焼のガスが誘導され、充填された粘土質系触媒（１３）により完全燃焼し、燃焼温度は８００℃以上の高温に達するため、可燃性ガスはほとんど存在せず、ダイオキシン等の有害物質も除去される。 In the secondary combustion chamber (12), unburned gas is induced in the primary combustion chamber (8) and completely burned by the filled clay-based catalyst (13), and the combustion temperature reaches a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher. , There is almost no flammable gas, and harmful substances such as dioxin are also removed.
熱交換室（１４）は、二次燃焼室（１２）で発生する高温ガスの廃熱を、給水口（１６）から供給される水が通る蛇管（１５）で吸収し、蒸気出口（１７）から取り出す水蒸気を外部利用する。
なお、通常最も利用価値の高い熱利用媒体は水（水蒸気）であるが、他にも油等の熱媒体を加熱することや、空気を含む気体を加熱することにも利用可能である。
The heat exchange chamber (14) absorbs the waste heat of the high-temperature gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (12) by the serpentine tube (15) through which the water supplied from the water supply port (16) passes, and the steam outlet (17). The steam taken out from is used externally.
The heat utilization medium having the highest utility value is usually water (steam), but it can also be used for heating a heat medium such as oil or heating a gas containing air.
また、この実施例に係る燃焼炉では、燃焼開始時には、一次燃焼室（８）に押し出した初期の燃料塊をオイルバーナー（２０）及び送風機（１９）に依って着火し、燃焼継続時には、既に一次燃焼室（８）で燃焼している燃料塊の発生熱に依り、その後に押し出された燃料塊が、乾燥および自然発火し燃焼が継続する。燃焼終了時には、先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）で一次燃焼室（８）内の灰を灰受け槽（１１）まで押し出すと同時に、炉床（９）上が清掃される構成を有するバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉である。 Further, in the combustion furnace according to this embodiment, the initial fuel mass extruded into the primary combustion chamber (8) is ignited by the oil burner (20) and the blower (19) at the start of combustion, and when combustion is continued, it is already ignited. Due to the heat generated by the fuel mass burning in the primary combustion chamber (8), the fuel mass extruded thereafter dries and spontaneously ignites, and combustion continues. At the end of combustion, the push rod (7) having a push plate (6) at the tip pushes the ash in the primary combustion chamber (8) to the ash receiving tank (11), and at the same time, the top of the hearth (9) is cleaned. It is a combustion furnace that uses biomass as fuel.
本燃焼炉の点火時には、入れ始めた燃料塊が着火するまでは、オイルバーナー（２０）及び送風機（１９）に依って着火し、一次燃焼室（８）内が必要な温度で安定するまではオイルバーナー（２０）を使用する。安定した後はバーナーはＯＦＦとする。 At the time of ignition of this combustion furnace, until the fuel mass that has begun to be put in is ignited, it is ignited by the oil burner (20) and the blower (19) until the inside of the primary combustion chamber (8) stabilizes at the required temperature. Use an oil burner (20). After it stabilizes, the burner is turned off.
本燃焼炉の連続燃焼時には、一次燃焼室（８）内にある燃焼中の燃料塊の熱量により、一次燃焼室（８）内の温度が一定に保たれ、オイルバーナー（２０）を用いずとも燃焼が継続する。もちろん送風機（１９）は必要に応じて使用する。なおオイルバーナー（２０）の使用を妨げるものではない。
本燃焼炉の設備のうちオイルバーナー（２０）及び送風機（１９）が外部エネルギーを用いるが、必要とする電力はさほど大きくないため、バッテリー等での供給で十分可能である。必要であれば後段の熱交換器からのエネルギーを利用した発電を行い、バッテリーに供給することによって、間接的に燃焼炉の発生エネルギーを内部利用することもできる。なお、家庭用または業務用の電灯線の使用を妨げるものではない。
During continuous combustion of the main combustion chamber, the temperature in the primary combustion chamber (8) is kept constant by the amount of heat of the fuel mass during combustion in the primary combustion chamber (8), and the temperature in the primary combustion chamber (8) is kept constant without using the oil burner (20). Combustion continues. Of course, the blower (19) is used as needed. It does not prevent the use of the oil burner (20).
Of the equipment of this combustion furnace, the oil burner (20) and the blower (19) use external energy, but since the required electric power is not so large, it is sufficiently possible to supply it with a battery or the like. If necessary, the energy generated by the combustion furnace can be indirectly used internally by generating electricity using the energy from the heat exchanger in the subsequent stage and supplying it to the battery. It does not prevent the use of household or commercial lamp lines.
本燃焼炉の終了時には、燃料塊の供給を停止することにより、その時点で一次燃焼室（８）内に存在する燃料塊の燃焼終了を以て一次燃焼室（８）内の温度が低下してくる。十分に温度が低下してから、先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）で一次燃焼室（８）内の全ての灰を灰受け槽（１１）まで押し出すことにより、平坦面である炉床（９）上が清掃される。 At the end of the main combustion furnace, by stopping the supply of the fuel ingot, the temperature in the primary combustion chamber (8) drops due to the end of combustion of the fuel ingot existing in the primary combustion chamber (8) at that time. .. After the temperature has dropped sufficiently, a push rod (7) having a push plate (6) at the tip pushes out all the ash in the primary combustion chamber (8) to the ash receiving tank (11) on a flat surface. The top of a hearth (9) is cleaned.
この実施例に係る燃焼炉にあっては、燃焼炉で発生する水蒸気の外部利用が、給湯、暖房、温風およびまたは蒸気発電であるバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉である。 In the combustion furnace according to this embodiment, the external utilization of steam generated in the combustion furnace is a combustion furnace using biomass as fuel for hot water supply, heating, hot air, and / or steam power generation.
熱交換室（１４）で加熱される媒体として最も汎用で、加熱された媒体そのものを利用するのは水（水蒸気）または空気であり、通常の給湯、暖房、温風等の供給が出来ることは言うまでもない。
一方加熱された水蒸気を利用するものとしては蒸気機関があり、水蒸気による発電や、モーターに代わる動力源として利用することもできる。
他にも油等の熱媒体などを加熱することもできる。
It is the most general-purpose medium to be heated in the heat exchange chamber (14), and it is water (steam) or air that uses the heated medium itself, and it is possible to supply normal hot water, heating, hot air, etc. Needless to say.
On the other hand, there is a steam engine that uses heated steam, and it can also be used for power generation by steam or as a power source instead of a motor.
In addition, a heat medium such as oil can be heated.
中山間地域での森林伐採後の林地残材や放置竹林の伐採後の廃竹をバイオマス燃料として活用し、熱電供給装置として地域で活用することで、脱炭素社会に向けた地球温暖化防止の一員として貢献できる。牡蠣筏の使用済み竹材の処理装置としても活用できる。 Preventing global warming toward a carbon-free society by utilizing forest residue after deforestation in mountainous areas and waste bamboo after deforestation of abandoned bamboo forest as biomass fuel and using it as a thermoelectric supply device in the area. You can contribute as a member. It can also be used as a processing device for used bamboo oyster rafts.
１ バイオマス燃料、
２ 投入口開閉扉、
３ スライド式仕切り板、
４ 投入量調整室、
５ 投入予備室、
６ 押し板、
７ 押し棒、
８ 一次燃焼室、
９ 炉床、
１０ 一次燃焼室入り口、
１１ 灰受け槽、
１２ 二次燃焼室、
１３ 粘土質系触媒、
１４ 熱交換室、
１５ 蛇管、
１６ 給水口、
１７ 蒸気出口、
１８ 煙突、
１９ 送風機、
２０ オイルバーナー、
２１ 温度計、
２２ 覗き窓。
1 Biomass fuel,
2 Input opening / closing door,
3 Sliding partition plate,
4 Input amount adjustment room,
5 Input reserve room,
6 push plate,
7 push rod,
8 Primary combustion chamber,
9 hearth,
10 Primary combustion chamber entrance,
11 Ash receiving tank,
12 Secondary combustion chamber,
13 Clay catalyst,
14 Heat exchange room,
15 serpentine,
16 Water supply port,
17 steam outlet,
18 chimney,
19 Blower,
20 oil burner,
21 thermometer,
22 Peeping window.
Claims (3)
前記投入量調整室（４）は、投入予備室（５）の直上にあり、上部の投入口開閉扉（2）を開いて外部からの燃料投入が可能であり、下部のスライド式仕切り板（３）を開いて投入された燃料を投入予備室（５）に落下可能であり、
前記投入予備室（５）は、連続する一次燃焼室（８）に一次燃焼室入り口（１０）を経由して接続され、一次燃焼室（８）と反対側から先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）で燃料塊を一次燃焼室（８）内に押し出し、
前記先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）は、押し板（６）が一次燃焼室入り口（１０）に合致するとき一次燃焼室（８）の内壁と共に断熱能を持った耐熱壁を形成し、投入予備室（５）内の燃料塊を一次燃焼室（８）に押し出す機能、および、その際に既に一次燃焼室（８）内に存在する複数個の燃料塊を順次灰受け槽（１１）方向に押し出す機能を有し、
前記一次燃焼室（８）は、一次燃焼室入り口（１０）から灰受け槽（１１）まで平坦な炉床（９）を有し、燃焼を補佐する装置として、オイルバーナー（２０）及び送風機（１９）が設置され、
前記灰受け槽（１１）は、一次燃焼室（８）内で十分な時間燃焼した燃焼後の灰が、燃料塊が順次押し出されるのに従い灰受け槽（１１）に蓄積し、
前記二次燃焼室（１２）は、一次燃焼室（８）で未燃焼のガスが誘導され、充填されたダイオキシン等の有害物質を熱分解可能な粘土質系触媒（１３）により完全燃焼し、
前記熱交換室（１４）は、二次燃焼室（１２）で発生する高温ガスの廃熱を、給水口（１６）から供給される水が通る蛇管（１５）で吸収し、蒸気出口（１７）から取り出す水蒸気を外部利用する、構成を有するバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉。 Biomass having an input amount adjustment chamber (4), an input reserve chamber (5), a primary combustion chamber (8), an ash receiving tank (11), a secondary combustion chamber (12) and a heat exchange chamber (14) is used as fuel. It ’s a combustion chamber,
The charging amount adjustment chamber (4) is located directly above the charging reserve chamber (5), and the fuel can be charged from the outside by opening the charging port opening / closing door (2) at the upper part. 3) can be opened and the charged fuel can be dropped into the charging reserve room (5).
The charging reserve chamber (5) is connected to the continuous primary combustion chamber (8) via the primary combustion chamber inlet (10), and a push plate (6) is attached to the tip from the opposite side to the primary combustion chamber (8). Push the fuel mass into the primary combustion chamber (8) with the push rod (7).
The push rod (7) having the push plate (6) at the tip is a heat-resistant wall having a heat insulating ability together with the inner wall of the primary combustion chamber (8) when the push plate (6) matches the entrance (10) of the primary combustion chamber. The function of pushing the fuel mass in the charging reserve chamber (5) to the primary combustion chamber (8), and at that time, a plurality of fuel masses already existing in the primary combustion chamber (8) are sequentially ash-received. It has a function of pushing out in the direction of the tank (11), and has a function of pushing out.
The primary combustion chamber (8) has a flat hearth (9) from the entrance (10) of the primary combustion chamber to the ash receiving tank (11), and has an oil burner (20) and a blower (20) as devices for assisting combustion. 19) is installed,
In the ash receiving tank (11), the ash after combustion burned in the primary combustion chamber (8) for a sufficient time accumulates in the ash receiving tank (11) as the fuel mass is sequentially extruded.
In the secondary combustion chamber (12), unburned gas is induced in the primary combustion chamber (8), and the filled toxic substances such as dioxin are completely burned by a pyrolytic catalyst (13) capable of thermally decomposing.
The heat exchange chamber (14) absorbs the waste heat of the high-temperature gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber (12) by the serpentine tube (15) through which the water supplied from the water supply port (16) passes, and the steam outlet (17). ), A combustion furnace that uses biomass as fuel and has a structure that externally uses the steam extracted from).
燃焼継続時には、既に一次燃焼室（８）で燃焼している燃料塊の発生熱に依り、その後に押し出された燃料塊が、乾燥および自然発火し燃焼が継続し、
燃焼終了時には、先端に押し板（６）を有する押し棒（７）で一次燃焼室（８）内の灰を灰受け槽（１１）まで押し出すと同時に炉床（９）上が清掃される、構成を有する請求項１に記載されたバイオマスを燃料とする燃焼炉。 At the start of combustion, the initial fuel mass extruded into the primary combustion chamber (8) is ignited by the oil burner (20) and the blower (19).
When combustion continues, due to the heat generated by the fuel mass already burning in the primary combustion chamber (8), the fuel mass extruded thereafter dries and spontaneously ignites, and combustion continues.
At the end of combustion, the ash in the primary combustion chamber (8) is pushed out to the ash receiving tank (11) by the push rod (7) having the push plate (6) at the tip, and at the same time, the top of the hearth (9) is cleaned. The biomass-fueled combustion furnace according to claim 1, which has a configuration.
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