JP3228657B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, selenium,
Inorganic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer mainly containing zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, and the like have been widely used. Although these have some elemental properties, they are difficult to form.
There are problems such as poor plasticity and high production cost. Furthermore,
Inorganic photoconductive materials are generally highly toxic and have significant limitations in manufacturing and handling.

An organic photoreceptor containing an organic photoconductive compound as a main component has many advantages, such as supplementing the above-mentioned disadvantages of an inorganic photoreceptor, and has been attracting attention. It is becoming. As such an organic photoreceptor, a charge transfer complex formed from a photoconductive polymer represented by poly-N-vinylcarbazole and a Lewis acid such as 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone is mainly used. Electrophotographic photoreceptors as components have been proposed. These organic photoconductive polymers are superior to inorganic photoconductive materials in terms of lightness, film formability, etc., but have sensitivity, durability,
It is inferior to inorganic photoconductive materials in terms of stability due to environmental changes and the like, and is not always satisfactory.

On the other hand, an electrophotographic photoreceptor, which is a function-separated type photoreceptor in which a charge generation function and a charge transport function are assigned to different substances, respectively, has a sensitivity and durability which are considered to be disadvantages of the organic photoreceptor. Has brought significant improvements. Such a function-separated type photoreceptor has the advantage that the material selection range of the charge generating substance and the charge transporting substance is wide, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor having arbitrary characteristics can be relatively easily produced. .

As charge generating substances, phthalocyanine pigments, azo pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, squaric acid dyes, pyrylium salt dyes and the like are known. In particular, phthalocyanine pigments have high light resistance and charge generation ability. Many structures and crystal forms have been proposed from the viewpoints of large size and easy material synthesis.

As the charge transport material, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 52
No. 4188, a pyrazoline compound described in
Hydrazone compounds described in JP-A-5-42380 and JP-A-55-52063, and JP-B-58-32372.
JP, JP-A-61-132555 and JP-A-Hei-3
JP-A-1114058, triphenylamine compounds described in JP-A-54-151955 and JP-A-58-19555.
A stilbene compound described in 198043 is known.

Further, examples of fulvene compounds contained in the electrophotographic photoreceptor include JP-A-52-128373, JP-A-54-110837, and JP-A-55-10837.
161247, JP-A-60-98437,
JP-A-60-174949, JP-A-62-120
Prior art described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 346, JP-A-63-30851, and JP-A-4-287049 is known.

What is required of an electrophotographic photoreceptor is
(1) stable against light and heat, (2) stable against ozone, NO _x , nitric acid, etc. generated by corona discharge, (3) having high electrophotographic sensitivity,
(4) High compatibility with organic solvents and binders, (5)
It is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.

Further, as the durability increases, the charge transporting layer is provided by providing an escort phase on the photosensitive layer to improve the durability, or by storing the photosensitive body for a long time by a copying machine or a laser beam printer. Cracks may occur, or the charge transport material may be crystallized or phase-separated, resulting in image defects.

Further, in a reversal developing system corresponding to digitization, since primary charging and transfer charging have opposite polarities, a so-called transfer memory having different charging properties depending on the presence or absence of transfer occurs, which is very apparent as density unevenness on an image. It's easier.

Further, in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of high sensitivity, a so-called photo memory in which the chargeability of the bright portion and the dark portion is different due to external leakage light or the like is generated, which also causes uneven density on the image. It is easy to appear.

Therefore, an electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfying all of the above problems and requirements at a higher level has been studied.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an organic photoconductive compound which sufficiently satisfies the characteristics required for the above-mentioned electrophotographic photoreceptor, thereby providing various types of conventional electrophotographic photoreceptors. It is to eliminate the disadvantage. That is,
(1) To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity and capable of stably maintaining a potential upon repeated use;
(2) Electrophotography which does not cause cracks in the charge transport layer or crystallization of the charge transport material even when a protective layer is provided on the photosensitive layer, or when the photoreceptor is stored for a long period of time by a copying machine, a laser beam printer, or the like. Providing a photoreceptor, (3) providing an electrophotographic photoreceptor that does not easily generate a transfer memory even in a reversal development system, and (4) providing an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has light resistance and hardly generates a photomemory. (5) An object of the present invention is to provide a novel electrophotographic additive or an organic photoconductive compound which can be easily produced and can be provided at low cost.

[0014]

According to the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer has a Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.
2 °) 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and 27.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a strong peak at 1 ° and a compound having at least one fulvene group represented by the following general formula (1). You. General formula (1)

Embedded image (Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ and R ₅ are hydrogen atoms,
It represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R ₂ and R ₃ and R ₄ and R ₅ may form a ring together . Ar is an aryl having a substituted amino group
Group. n is an integer of 1 to 3. )

In the general formula (1), examples of the alkyl group include groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, and examples of the aryl group include groups such as phenyl, diphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and pyrenyl. Examples include groups such as benzyl and phenethyl. Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl and propyl; an alkoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom; a nitro group; a hydroxyl group; and a cyano group.

Next, specific examples of the compound having at least one fulvene structure represented by the general formula (1) are shown in Tables 1 to 5.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

The constitution of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention includes, for example, the following forms. (1) layer containing charge generating material / layer containing charge transporting material (lower / upper layer) (2) layer containing charge transporting material / layer containing charge generating material (lower / upper layer) (3) charge Layer containing generator and charge transport material

The compound having a fulvene group represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention has the effect of improving various problems by being added to the photosensitive layer. Can be used as
Further, since it has a high ability to transport holes, it can be used as a material having both the effect of improving the problem in the photosensitive layer of the above embodiment and the effect as a charge transport material. Among them, a fulvene compound in which Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and in which Ar further has a substituted amino group, is particularly preferred. When the form of the photosensitive layer is (1), the polarity of the primary charge is preferably negative, in the case of (2), it is preferably positive, and in the case of (3), it may be either positive or negative. Of course, the form of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is not limited to the above-described basic form.

Further, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be provided with a protective layer on the surface of the photosensitive layer or a layer between the photosensitive layer and the conductive support in order to improve durability and adhesion or control charge injection. May be provided with an undercoat layer.

The form of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is particularly preferably the form (1) among the above constitutions. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of this form will be described in more detail.

Examples of the conductive support in the present invention include the following materials. (1) Plates or drums of metals or alloys such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, stainless steel and copper, (2) glass,
A thin layer formed by depositing or laminating a metal or alloy such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, palladium, gold and platinum on a non-conductive support such as resin and paper or the conductive support of the above (1). , (3) glass,
A layer containing a conductive polymer, a conductive compound such as tin oxide and indium oxide was formed on a non-conductive support such as resin and paper or the conductive support described in (1) above by vapor deposition or coating. thing.

As the charge generating material, at least CuK
Bragg angle in α-characteristic X-ray diffraction (2θ ± 0.2 °)
Oxytitanium phthalocyanine having strong peaks at 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and 27.1 ° (for example, described in JP-A-3-128973). Such substances may be used in combination of two or more. (1) azo pigments such as monoazo, disazo and trisazo; (2) phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and nonmetal phthalocyanine;
(3) indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo,
(4) perylene-based pigments such as perylene anhydride and perylene imide, (5) polycyclic quinone-based pigments such as anthraquinone and pyrenequinone, (6) squalilium dye,
(7) Inorganic substances such as pyrylium salts and thiapyrylium salts, (8) triphenylmethane dyes, (9) selenium and amorphous silicones.

The charge generation layer can be formed by dispersing the above-described charge generation substance in a suitable binder and applying the resultant to a conductive support. Further, it can also be formed by forming a thin film on a conductive support by a dry method such as evaporation, sputtering or CVD. The fulvene compound of the present invention may be contained in the charge generation layer.

The binder may be selected from a wide range of binder resins, for example, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, butyral resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, diallyl phthalate resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, and the like. Examples include, but are not limited to, vinyl acetate resin, phenolic resin, silicone resin, porsulfone resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Not something. These can be used singly, as a mixture, or in combination of one or more of them as a copolymer polymer.

The proportion of the binder resin in the charge generation layer is preferably 80% by weight or less, particularly preferably 40% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the layer. The thickness of the charge generation layer is 5 μm.
Hereinafter, it is particularly preferable that the thickness be 0.01 to 2 μm.

Further, various additives such as a sensitizer and a deterioration inhibitor can be added to the charge generation layer.

The charge transport layer can be formed by applying a solution containing a known charge transport substance, the fulvene compound specified in the present invention, and a suitable binder resin. As the charge transporting substance, there are an electron transporting substance and a hole transporting substance. As the electron transporting substance, 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone, chloranil, Examples thereof include an electron-withdrawing substance such as tetracyanoquinodimethane and a substance obtained by polymerizing such an electron-withdrawing substance.

Examples of the hole transporting substance include polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrene and anthracene, carbazole, indole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, pyrazoline, thiadiazole, and triazole compounds. A heterocyclic compound such as a compound, a hydrazone-based compound such as p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N, N-diphenylhydrazone, N, N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole,
Tri-p-tolylamine, 4- (di-p-tolylamino) -biphenyl, 2- (di-p-tolylamino)-
Triarylamine compounds such as 9,9′-dimethylfluorenone, 1-di-p-tolylaminopyrene, α-phenyl-4′-N, N-diphenylaminostilbene,
5- [4- (di-p-tolylamino) benzylidene]-
Styryl compounds such as 5H-dibenzo [a, d] cycloheptene, benzidine compounds, triarylmethane compounds, tri (p-tolyl) amine, 2- [di- (p-
Tolyl)]-aminobiphenyl, 1- [di- (p-tolyl)]-aminopyrene, or a polymer having a group consisting of these compounds in the main chain or side chain (for example, poly-N- Vinyl carbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, etc.).

In addition to these organic charge transport materials, inorganic materials such as selenium, selenium-tellurium, amorphous silicon and cadmium sulfide can be used.

The charge transport material may be one or two
It can be used in combination of more than one kind.

Examples of the binder resin used in the charge transport layer include photoconductive polymer compounds such as polyvinyl carbazole resin and polyvinyl anthracene resin in addition to the binder resin used in the charge generation layer. .

The compounding ratio of the binder resin and the charge transport material is 10 to 5 parts per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
00 parts by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 200 parts by weight. When the charge transport material and the fulvene compound specified in the present invention are used in combination, the ratio is 0.01 to 400 parts by weight, particularly 0.1 to 100 parts by weight, of the fulvene compound per 100 parts by weight of the charge transport material. Parts are preferred.

Since the charge transport layer has a limit for transporting charge carriers, it cannot be made thicker than necessary, but the thickness is preferably 5 to 40 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 30 μm.

Further, in addition to the fulvene compound specified in the present invention, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer and the like can be added to the charge transporting layer as required.

Examples of a coating method for forming the various layers by coating include a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, and a blade coating method.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be used not only for an electrophotographic copying machine but also for a laser beam printer,
It can be widely used in electrophotographic applications such as CRT printers, LED printers, facsimile machines and electrophotographic plate making systems.

According to the present invention, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means are integrally supported, and are detachably attached to the electrophotographic apparatus main body. The process cartridge comprises:

Further, the present invention comprises an electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, a charging unit, an image exposing unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in the direction of an arrow. During the rotation process, the photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on its peripheral surface by the primary charging means 3, and then the image from an image exposure means (not shown) such as a slit exposure or a laser beam scanning exposure. The exposure light 4 is received. Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then transferred to developing means 5
The toner-developed image developed by the above-described process is transferred to a transfer material 7 fed from a paper supply unit (not shown) between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 1. The image is sequentially transferred by the transfer unit 6. The transfer material 7 having undergone the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out of the apparatus as a copy. The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned and cleaned by removing the untransferred toner by a cleaning unit 9, and further subjected to a static elimination process by a pre-exposure light 10 from a pre-exposure unit (not shown). Used repeatedly for image formation. When the primary charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, a plurality of components, such as the photosensitive member 1, the primary charging means 3, the developing means 5, and the cleaning means 9 described above, are integrally connected as a process cartridge. The cartridge may be configured to be detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, a process in which at least one of the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5 and the cleaning unit 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1 to form a cartridge, and which can be attached to and detached from the apparatus main body using guide means such as the rail 12 of the apparatus main body. The cartridge 11 can be used. When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure 4 uses reflected light or transmitted light from the original, or reads the original with a sensor, converts it into a signal, and performs a laser operation in accordance with the signal. Light emitted by beam scanning, LED array driving, liquid crystal shutter array driving, and the like.

[0042]

EXAMPLE 1 5.5 g of N-methoxymethylated 6 nylon resin (weight average molecular weight 35,000) and alcohol-soluble copolymerized nylon resin (weight average molecular weight 300
00) A solution prepared by dissolving 10.5 g in a mixed solvent of 60 g of methanol and 20 g of isopropyl alcohol was applied with a Meyer bar to form an undercoat layer having a dried film thickness of 1.0 μm.

Next, in the CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction, the Bragg angles (2θ ± 0.2 °) of 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 2 °
4.2 g of oxytitanium phthalocyanine pigment having strong peaks at 3.9 ° and 27.1 ° and 2 g of polyvinyl butyral resin were added to 110 g of cyclohexanone,
The mixture was dispersed in a sand mill using 1 mmφ glass beads for 3 hours, and diluted with 20 g of ethyl acetate to prepare a coating solution. On a hue of this coating solution, a Meyer bar is applied so that a film thickness after drying is 0.2 μm,
A charge generation layer was formed.

Next, 9 g of a compound having the following structural formula:

Embedded image A coating liquid was prepared by dissolving 1.2 g of Compound Example 15 and 10 g of a polycarbonate Z-type resin (weight average molecular weight: 60000) in 68 g of chlorobenzene. This solution was applied on the charge generation layer by a blade coating method to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 23 μm between the layers, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member having three layers laminated was prepared.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor was corona-charged at −5 KV in a static manner using an electrophotographic copying paper tester Model-SP-428 manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd., held in a dark place for 1 second, and then irradiated with light. The charging characteristics were examined. As the charging characteristics, the exposure amount (E) required to attenuate the surface potential (V ₀ ) and the potential (V ₁ ) after dark decay for 1 second to 1/5 is used.
_1/5 ) was measured. At this time, a gallium / aluminum / arsenic ternary semiconductor laser (output: 5 m) was used as a light source.
W, oscillation wavelength 780 nm).

Further, in order to evaluate the potential characteristics when repeatedly used in an actual machine, an aluminum cylinder (φ30 mm × 260.5 m
m) was mounted on a laser beam printer of a reversal development system equipped with a semiconductor laser (a modified LBP-SX machine, manufactured by Canon Inc.), and the potential characteristics when repeatedly used were evaluated. The conditions are as follows. V _D: -70
0 V, _VL : -150 V (exposure 0.7 μJ / c
m ² ), transfer potential: +700 V, developing polarity: negative polarity, process speed: 50 mm / sec, developing bias: −
450 V, post-image exposure scan method: image scan,
Exposure before primary charging: 40 lux / sec red overall exposure.

As a test for accelerating the cracking of the photosensitive layer, finger grease was adhered to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and allowed to stand at normal temperature and normal pressure for 8 hours to observe whether or not the photosensitive layer had cracks.

As a test for accelerating the crystallization of the charge transport material,
Finger grease was adhered to the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and left at 75 ° C. for 1 week to observe whether or not crystallization occurred in the charge transport material.

As the measurement of the photo memory for white light, the initial surface potential (VD) when the electrophotographic photosensitive member was charged to the same printer DE-700V as described above before the light irradiation.
And the potential (V1) after exposure of the entire image was measured. Then, the photoreceptor was masked so that a bright portion and a dark portion were formed, and irradiated with light under a fluorescent lamp at 3000lux for 20 minutes, and then left for 5 minutes. The change (ΔV _D ) and (ΔV _L ) of the initial potential were measured.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member was subjected to a -5 KV corona discharge, and the surface potential (V ₀ ) at this time was measured. Further, the surface potential of this photoconductor after leaving it in a dark place for 1 second was measured. The sensitivity was evaluated by measuring the exposure amount (E _1/6 : μJ / cm ² ) required to attenuate the potential (V ₁ ) after dark attenuation to _1/6 . At this time, a gallium / aluminum / arsenic ternary semiconductor laser (output: 5 mW, oscillation wavelength: 780 nm) was used as a light source.

Next, a reversal development type laser beam printer (LBP-
The above electrophotographic photoreceptor was placed in an aluminum cylinder (φ30 mm × 260.5) on a modified SX machine (manufactured by Canon Inc.).
mm) and attached to the cylinder, and the primary charging voltage when the transfer current is OFF is V _D1 , and the primary charging voltage when the transfer current is ON is V _D2 , and the transfer memory (V _D1 −V
_D2 ) was measured, and then an image formation test was performed. The conditions are as follows. Surface potential after primary charging: -70
0 V, surface potential after image exposure: -150 V (exposure amount 1.0
μJ / cm ² ), transfer potential: +700 V, developing polarity: negative polarity, process speed: 47 mm / sec, developing condition (developing bias): −450 V, scan method after image exposure: image scan, exposure before primary charging: 8. 0lux
・ Second full red exposure. The image was formed by line scanning with a laser beam in accordance with a character signal and an image signal. Good prints were obtained for both characters and images.

Examples 2 and 3 Electrophotography corresponding to Examples 2 and 3 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound Example 6 and Compound Example 29 were used instead of Compound Example 15 used in Example 1. A photoreceptor was made. The electrophotographic characteristics of each electrophotographic photoreceptor, transfer memory, cracks in the photosensitive layer, crystallization of the charge transport material, and evaluation of the photomemory of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0053]

[Table 6]

[Table 7]

Comparative Examples 1-4 Electrophotographic photosensitive members corresponding to Comparative Examples 1-4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following compound was used instead of Compound Example 15 used in Example 1. . The electrophotographic characteristics of each electrophotographic photoreceptor, transfer memory, cracks in the photosensitive layer, crystallization of the charge transport material, and evaluation of the photomemory of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 8 shows the results.
And 9. Comparative compound example 1

Embedded image Comparative compound example 2

Embedded image Comparative compound example 3

Embedded image Comparative compound example 4

Embedded image

[Table 8]

[Table 9]

Comparative Examples 5 to 13 In the electrophotographic photoreceptor prepared in Example 1, the charge generating substance and the compound added to the charge transport layer were changed to the compounds shown in Table 10 below, and the same procedures as in Example 1 were carried out. Thus, electrophotographic photosensitive members corresponding to Comparative Examples 5 to 13 were prepared. The electrophotographic characteristics of each electrophotographic photoreceptor, transfer memory, cracks in the photosensitive layer, crystallization of the charge transport material, and evaluation of the photomemory of the electrophotographic photoreceptor were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 10 shows the results.
11 and 12.

Comparative Compound Example 5

Embedded image Comparative compound example 6

Embedded image Azo pigment 1

Embedded image Azo pigment 2

Embedded image

[0057]

[Table 10]

[Table 11]

[Table 12]

[0058]

According to the present invention, the electrophotographic photosensitive member containing the fulvene compound specified in the present invention has a small variation in the light portion potential and the dark portion potential during continuous image formation by repeated charging and exposure, and has excellent durability. Further, even in the reversal developing system, the transfer memory has a remarkable effect that the transfer memory is extremely small, cracks in the photosensitive layer that cause image defects and crystallization of the charge transporting substance are extremely unlikely to occur, and photo memory is hardly generated. In addition, the same effect can be obtained in a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of oxytitanium phthalocyanine used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor of this invention 2 axis 3 Primary charging means 4 Image exposure light 5 Developing means 6 Transfer means 7 Transfer material 8 Image fixing means 9 Cleaning means 10 Pre-exposure light 11 Process cartridge 12 Rail

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Norihiro Kikuchi, Inventor 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Mitsuhiro Kunieda 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon (56) References JP-A-2-156247 (JP, A) JP-A-3-196049 (JP, A) JP-A-3-128973 (JP, A) JP-A-53-19396 (JP, A A) JP-A-48-83194 (JP, A) JP-A-7-92701 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 5/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer has a Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) of 9.0 °, 1 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction.
Contains oxytitanium phthalocyanine having strong peaks at 4.2 °, 23.9 ° and 27.1 °, and
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a compound having at least one fulvene group represented by the following general formula (1). General formula (1) (Wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ and R ₅ are hydrogen atoms,
It represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R ₂ and R ₃ and R ₄ and R ₅ may form a ring together . Ar is an aryl having a substituted amino group
Group. n is an integer of 1 to 3. ) 2. A fulvene structure represented by the general formula (1).
Compounds having at least one structural group
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, which is a selected compound.
body. Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 or 2 , and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means are integrally supported and detachably attached to the electrophotographic apparatus main body. A process cartridge characterized by the following. 4. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1; a charging unit; an image exposing unit; a developing unit; and a cleaning unit.