JP3222624B2 - Manure spreader - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer spreader which is mounted on a rear portion of a tractor and drives and rotates a spinner disk to scatter and spread fertilizer.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION First, the structure of this type of fertilizer spreader,
The spraying action will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a fertilizer spreader S is attached to a rear portion of the tractor T to perform fertilizer spread, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizer spreader S, and FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the spraying action of a fertilizer. Mainly in FIG. 2, a fertilizer hopper 1 for filling a granular fertilizer M is fixedly supported on a support frame 2, and a spinner disk 3 is rotatable in a horizontal plane immediately below a bottom plate 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1. It is arranged in. A plurality of spinner blades 4 are mounted on the upper surface of the spinner disk 3 along the radial direction (see FIG. 3). The spinner cover 5 includes a disk-shaped top plate portion 5a and a side cover plate portion 5b obtained by bending a plate material into an arc shape.
The side cover plate portion 5b is attached to the outer peripheral edge of the top plate portion 5a so as to hang down. The top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5 is disposed immediately above the spinner disk 3 at a predetermined interval, and the side cover plate portion 5b is disposed outside the spinner disk 3 in the non-scattered area of the fertilizer. The spinner disk 3 is provided with a scattering opening 6 in the fertilizer scattering area on the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk 3.
(See FIG. 3) is formed. Further, a shutter plate 7 is provided in close contact with the lower surface of the bottom plate 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1. The shutter plate 7 is connected to a shutter opening / closing lever 9 via a shutter opening / closing rod 8, and by operating this lever 9, the fertilizer falling port 11 provided in the bottom plate 1 a of the fertilizer hopper 1 and the shutter plate 7 are connected. When the fertilizer M in the fertilizer hopper 1 is matched with the provided fertilizer drop port 12, the fertilizer M falls through the respective fertilizer drop ports 11, 12 onto the spinner disk 3 that is being driven and rotated. Due to the centrifugal force of the spinner disk 3 and the reaction force received from the spinner blades 4 attached thereto, the spinner disk 3 is scattered rearward in the traveling direction P of the tractor T. The spinner shaft 13 provided at the center of rotation of the spinner disk 3 is:
Driven and rotated by the power of the tractor T transmitted to the input shaft 15 via the universal joint 14, the upper end of the spinner shaft 13 enters the bottom of the fertilizer hopper 1, and the stirring agitator 16 is placed in this portion. Installed. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 denotes a pair of bevel gears for transmitting a rotational force from the input shaft 15 to the spinner shaft 13, and reference numeral 18 denotes a gear box in which the pair of bevel gears 17 is housed.

[0003] Next, the operation of the above-mentioned fertilizer spreader S for spreading fertilizer will be described with reference to FIG. The particles Ma of the fertilizer M dropped onto the spinner disk 3 from the fertilizer drop port 11 provided in the bottom plate portion 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1 receive centrifugal force due to the rotating action of the spinner disk 3 and generate the spinner circle. Receiving the frictional force from the plate 3, it is moved to the throwing point B which is the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 while rolling on the spinner disk 3 along the spinner blades 4. Thereafter, the particles Ma of the fertilizer M are thrown at the throwing point B in the direction of the resultant force F of the centrifugal force F ₁ due to the rotation of the spinner disk 3 and the reaction force F ₂ received from the spinner blade 4. In FIG. 3, Q
Indicates the rotation direction of the spinner disk 3.

[0004] The particle size and specific gravity of the countless fertilizer grains Ma dropped from the fertilizer dropper 11 of the fertilizer hopper 1 onto the spinner disk 3 are the same.
If the drop conditions such as the drop position on the top and the drop speed are the same, the rotation angle α of the spinner disk 3 from the drop point A of the fertilizer particles Ma to the throw point B is constant, and Fertilizer particles Ma are thrown from the throwing point B. However, in reality, variations in the particle size, specific gravity, etc. of the fertilizer particles Ma, the fertilizer particles M with respect to the spinner disk 3
The throwing point of the fertilizer particles Ma on the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 varies in the range of “B ′” to “B” ”mainly due to the variation of the falling position of“ a ”. The range from the throwing point B ′ to the same B ″ is the scattering area of the fertilizer M, and the angle β formed in the scattering area of the fertilizer is the scattering angle. The fertilizer M that has fallen upward is scattered rearward while being distributed irregularly within the range of the scattering angle β. Therefore, when the amount of the fertilizer M that is sprayed is examined, it is generally shown in FIG. The distribution is like this, and the work center (C)
Scattering amount is maximum at, for gradually spraying amount decreases toward the coming across, in comparison to the maximum swath (W ₁₎ effective swath (W ₂₎ is narrow, yet work center (C)
There was a problem that a dense mountain was formed in the area and the distribution of the applied fertilizer was uneven.

To cope with this problem, a method has been adopted in which a plurality of fertilizer falling ports 11 are provided to alleviate the above-mentioned uneven distribution of the applied fertilizer. For example, as shown in FIG. When two drop openings 11 are provided, the distribution of the spread fertilizer is as shown in FIG. 6, and two thick peaks corresponding to the two fertilizer drop openings 11 are formed. There is no fundamental solution to the uniform distribution.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional fertilizer spreader, and has been developed in order to control the throwing direction of the fertilizer at the part where the fertilizer is scattered around the outer periphery of the spinner disk. By arranging the control board of
It is an object to make the distribution of the applied fertilizer uniform and to improve the application accuracy.

[0007]

In order to solve this problem, a means adopted in the present invention is that a spinner disk is rotatably disposed in a horizontal plane immediately below a bottom plate of a fertilizer hopper filled with fertilizer. A spinner cover is formed by hanging a side covering plate portion obtained by bending a plate material in an arc shape on an outer peripheral edge of a disc-shaped top plate portion to form a spinner cover, and the spinner cover of the spinner cover is formed immediately above the spinner disk. A top plate portion is disposed, and a side cover plate portion of the spinner cover is disposed in a non-scattered area of the fertilizer outside the spinner disk,
A scattering opening is formed in the fertilizer scattering area on the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk, and the spinner disk is driven and rotated,
In a fertilizer spreader having a configuration in which fertilizer dropped on a spinner disk from a fertilizer drop port provided on a bottom plate portion of the fertilizer hopper is sprayed from the scattering opening by the rotating action of the spinner disk to spray fertilizer, A number of control plates for controlling the throwing direction of the fertilizer thrown from the spinner disk are provided at the scattering openings of the spinner disk.
In a state where it is arranged at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction in substantially the entire area, the spinner cover is pivoted to the top plate portion.
It can be fixed and installed to control the fertilizer throwing direction.
That is , the mounting angle of the control plate can be adjusted .

[0008]

When a large number of control plates are disposed at predetermined intervals at an appropriate angle at the scattering opening of the spinner disk, a part of the fertilizer thrown by the rotation of the spinner disk is reduced. And the throwing direction is changed. As a result, the fertilizer can be scattered intensively in the portion of the effective spreading width of the fertilizer, and the distribution of the applied fertilizer can be made uniform within that range. In addition, a number of control plates arranged at the scattering opening of the spinner disk are rotatably and fixedly mounted on the top plate of the spinner cover, and adjust the mounting angle of the control plate with respect to the fertilizer throwing direction. It has become possible
In it , the scattering angle of the fertilizer can be adjusted, or the scattering opening on one side can be closed with respect to the work center line,
Fertilizer can be applied only to the other side.

[0009]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. Note that the same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those described in the section of the above-mentioned “Prior Art”, and only the characteristic portions of the present invention will be described, avoiding redundant description. FIG.
Means that a large number of control plates E ₁ are provided in the scattering opening 6 of the spinner disk 3.
Is a plan view showing a state of arranging the to E _13. In FIG. 7, a circle b which is concentric with the spinner disk 3 and has a larger radius by (a) is set. Further, the throwing passes through the throwing start point B ′ and the throwing end point B ″ on the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 forming the scattering angle β of the fertilizer, and the throwing angles of the fertilizer form γ ₁ and γ ₁₃ , respectively. The intersection of the direction line and the circle b is (d ₁ ),
(d ₁₃ ). With the intersections d ₁ and d ₁₃ as the start point and the end point, the angle θ obtained by dividing the central angle between the throw start point B ′ and the throw end point B ″ by the number of control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ . from each point on the outer periphery of the spinner disc 3 obtained by equally dividing, set the throwing direction line forming a throwing angle gamma ₂ to? ₁₂ of the intersection between the circle b and d ₂ to d _12, respectively.

Further, the control plate E ₁ to E ₁₃ are respectively as a starting point the intersections d ₁ to d _13, are disposed along each throwing angle gamma ₁ to? ₁₃ fertilizer. Each control board E ₁
To E ₁₃ is mounted to the top plate 5a of the spinner cover 5. Further, in the figure, the phase adjacent the control plate E ₁ ~
Although the angle of the E ₁₃ is displayed as theta ₁ through? ₁₂ respectively, if they are identical all the throwing angle gamma ₁ to? ₁₃ fertilizer, the angle of each control plate E ₁ to E ₁₃ adjacent phase theta _{1 to} θ
₁₂ are configured to be equal to the equal angle θ.

In order to improve the fertilizer application accuracy, in FIG. 4, the effective application width (W ₁ ) with respect to the maximum application width (W ₁ )
It is necessary to increase the ratio of ₂ ), that is, to minimize the differences (Wa) and (Wb) between the maximum spray width (W ₁ ) and the effective spray width (W ₂ ) as much as possible. For this purpose, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₄ arranged at one end of the fertilizer application area is turned by a predetermined angle toward the center of the spinner disk 3. When it is moved and re-arranged, each of the control boards E _{1 to} E ₄
Angle between is changed to (θ ₁ ~θ ₃₎ from _{(θ 1 '~θ 3')} . Thereby, in FIG. 8, the spinner disk 3
Of the fertilizer grains Ma thrown from the outer periphery of
B, which passes through each path of Ha is passed between the control plate E ₁ to E _4, which pass two, e, each path F is
The inside of each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₃ collides (interferences), and the throwing direction is controlled to be changed from the work center line C. In the same manner, with respect to each control plate E ₁₀ to E ₁₃ disposed on the other end of the spraying zone of fertilizer, change control More grains throwing direction work center line C of the fertilizer to pass between them The fertilizer scattering angle β becomes smaller as compared with the arrangement of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ shown in FIG. 7, but as shown in FIG. The differences (Wa ′) and (Wb ′) between the width (W ₁ ′) and the effective spray width (W ₂ ′) can be reduced, and both ends (Wc) and (Wd) of the effective spray width (W ₂ ′) And the amount of fertilizer to be distributed is increased, and the applied fertilizer in the effective application width (W ₂ ′) is made uniform.

Further, as described in the above-mentioned "Prior Art", in FIG. 3, when the fertilizer dropping port 11 is set at the position (A), the rotating spinner disk 3 is rotated. , The amount of fertilizer particles thrown from near the throwing point B on the outer peripheral edge becomes stochastically the largest. In FIG. 9, assuming that the angle forming the range in which the amount of the fertilizer grains thrown is the largest is (δ), the amount of the fertilizer thrown from the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 included in this angle δ is: More than those cast from other parts, this forms a dense peak in the central part in FIG. However, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10, on the outer side of the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 included in the angle (δ), a large number of control plates E _{4 to} E ₄ extend along the circumferential direction. ₈ have been arranged, each of these control plate E ₄ to E ₈ is to serve slit relative particle Ma of fertilizers throwing the spinner disc 3, the control plate E ₄ to E some of the grain Ma fertilizer to be passed between the _8, the control plate E
It collides (interferes) with the back surface of _{4 to} E ₈ , and causes the particles Ma of the fertilizer, which is normally thrown toward the work center line C, to be thrown in the opposite direction. Thereby, the amount of fertilizer spread around the work center line C is reduced, and the distribution of the spread fertilizer improved as shown in FIG. 11 is further improved as shown in FIG. The distribution of the fertilizer within the effective application width (W ₂ ′) is substantially uniform over the entire width, and the application accuracy is improved. Each control plate E ₁ to E ₁₃ is outside the outer periphery of the spinner disc 3 in the range of scattering angles β of fertilizers, it is disposed respectively at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction Therefore, each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ also functions as a slit for the fertilizer particles Ma that are randomly thrown at each portion within the scattering angle β.
Also has the effect of leveling the distribution of spread fertilizer within the effective spread width (W ₂ ′) over the entire width.

In the example shown in FIG. 13, each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ arranged as described above can be turned and fixed to the top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5 via fixing pins 20. It is attached. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
The top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5 of each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃
Adjusting and controlling the fixed angle with respect to each other, the scattering angle of fertilizer is changed from (β) to (β '),
Adjustment control of the maximum spread width (W ₁ ) and effective spread width (W ₂ ) of the fertilizer can be performed. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, each control plate E _{7 to} E ₁₃ or E _{1 to} E ₇ disposed on one side or the other side of the work center line C.
Can be arranged in the tangential direction of the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 to block one side or the other side of the work center line C in the fertilizer scattering area, thereby reducing the scattering angle β ′ of the fertilizer by half. As a result, it is possible to spray the fertilizer on only one side of the work center line C.

Further, in the conventional fertilizer spreader configured to spray the fertilizer by driving and rotating the spinner disk, as shown in FIG. 17, the flight distance of the rear of the fertilizer is large, and the fertilizer is spread. There was a drawback that a large unsprayed portion D ′ was generated at the corner of the field because the range was formed in an arc shape, but the fertilizer sprayer according to the present invention has a large number of controls at the scattering opening portion of the spinner disk. Due to the arrangement of the boards, the flight distance of the fertilizer to the rear is reduced, and the unspread portion D at the corner of the field is
Is also reduced as shown in FIG.

In the example shown in FIG. 19, a large number of interference rods R are vertically arranged in place of the control plate at the scattering opening of the fertilizer on the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk 3, and the spinner cover 5 is provided. Are fixed to the top plate portion 5a. The interference rods R in the present example are inferior in the function of controlling the direction of throwing fertilizer as compared to the control plate, but are irregular because each interference rod R functions as a slit with respect to the fertilizer to be thrown. Has the effect of leveling the distribution of applied fertilizer.

[0016]

The present invention provides a fertilizer spreader in which a spinner disk is driven and rotated to throw and drop fertilizer onto the spinner disk, and the fertilizer spraying direction from the spinner disk is changed. A large number of control plates for controlling the spinner disk are provided over almost the entire area of the scatter opening.
At predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction , and
The part of fertilizer thrown by the rotation of the spinner disk interferes with the control plate and the throwing direction is changed, so that the fertilizer is concentrated on the part of the effective spread width of fertilizer And the distribution of the applied fertilizer can be made uniform within that range. As a result, the application accuracy of the fertilizer is improved. Also, a number of control plates arranged along the circumferential direction at the scattering opening portion of the spinner disk are rotatably and fixedly mounted on the top plate portion of the spinner cover,
Since the mounting angle of the control plate with respect to the fertilizer throwing direction can be adjusted , the scattering angle of the fertilizer can be adjusted or the scattering opening on one side with respect to the work center line can be closed, Fertilizer can be applied only to the side.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a fertilizer spreader S attached to the rear of a tractor T,
It is a figure which shows the state which is performing fertilizer application.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fertilizer spreader S.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a spinner disk 3 and a spinner cover 5 for explaining a fertilizer spraying action of a fertilizer spreader having one fertilizer dropping port 11;

FIG. 4 is a view showing a distribution state of a spread fertilizer by a fertilizer spreader having one fertilizer drop port.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the spinner disk 3 and the spinner cover 5 for explaining the fertilizer spraying action of the fertilizer spreader having two fertilizer dropping ports 11.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a distribution state of a spread fertilizer by a fertilizer spreader having two fertilizer drop openings.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the arrangement of a large number of control plates E _{1 to} E _{13 provided} at the scatter opening 6 of the spinner disk 3;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of control plates E _{1 to} E ₄ in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a portion where the amount of fertilizer scattered is the largest within the scattering angle β.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of the control plates E _{4 to} E ₈ in FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a distribution state of a spread fertilizer improved by providing a control plate.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a distribution state of a spread fertilizer further improved by providing a control plate.

FIG. 13 shows a control plate E on the top plate 5a of the spinner cover 5.
The ₁ to E ₁₃ is a plan view showing a state mounted in the pivot-lockable.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a state in which the mounting angles of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ are different and the scattering angle of the fertilizer is changed.

FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a state where a scatter opening on one side with respect to a work center line C is closed by control plates E _{7 to} E ₁₃ and fertilizer is sprayed on the other side.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a state in which the scatter opening on the other side with respect to the work center line C is closed by control plates E _{1 to} E _7, and fertilizer is sprayed on one side thereof.

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing an unsprayed portion D ′ formed at a corner of a field by a conventional fertilizer sprayer.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing an unsprayed portion D formed at a corner of a field by the fertilizer sprayer of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a state in which a large number of interference rods R are arranged at the scattering openings of the spinner disk 3;

[Explanation of symbols]

E _{1 to} E ₁₃ : control plate M: fertilizer R: interference rod S: fertilizer spreader T: tractor 1: fertilizer hopper 3: spinner disk 5: spinner cover 5a: top plate of the spinner cover 6: scattering opening

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01C 17/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A spinner disk is rotatably disposed in a horizontal plane directly below a bottom plate of a fertilizer hopper filled with fertilizer, and a plate material is curved in an arc on an outer peripheral edge of a disk-shaped top plate. The spinner cover is formed by hanging the side cover plate portion that has been suspended, a top plate portion of the spinner cover is disposed immediately above the spinner disk, and fertilizer outside the spinner disk. A side cover plate portion of the spinner cover is disposed in the non-scattering region, a scattering opening is formed in a fertilizer scattering region on an outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk, and the spinner disk is driven and rotated, The fertilizer sprayer has a configuration in which the fertilizer that has dropped onto the spinner disk from the fertilizer drop port provided on the bottom plate portion of the fertilizer hopper is thrown out of the scattering opening by the rotation of the spinner disk to spray the fertilizer. There are a number of control plate for controlling the throwing direction of the fertilizer to be throwing from the spinner discs, substantially the entire area of the scattering aperture of said spinner disc along the predetermined circumferential
While the spinner cover is disposed at an interval,
Can be rotated and fixed to the top plate of the
The mounting angle of the control plate with respect to the
A fertilizer spreader , characterized in that: 2. A spinner disk is rotatably disposed in a horizontal plane immediately below a bottom plate of a fertilizer hopper filled with fertilizer, and a plate material is curved in an arc on an outer peripheral edge of a disk-shaped top plate. The spinner cover is formed by hanging the side cover plate portion that has been suspended, a top plate portion of the spinner cover is disposed immediately above the spinner disk, and fertilizer outside the spinner disk. A side cover plate portion of the spinner cover is disposed in the non-scattering region, a scattering opening is formed in a fertilizer scattering region on an outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk, and the spinner disk is driven and rotated, The fertilizer sprayer has a configuration in which the fertilizer that has dropped onto the spinner disk from the fertilizer drop port provided on the bottom plate portion of the fertilizer hopper is thrown out of the scattering opening by the rotation of the spinner disk to spray the fertilizer. There are, a large number of interference rods for interference by colliding fertilizer that is throwing from the spinner discs, the portion of the scattered openings of the spinner disc, predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction
The fertilizer spreader is mounted on the top plate of the spinner cover in a state where the fertilizer is disposed .