JPH06319331A - Fertilizer applicator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To uniformize the distribution of an applied fertilizer and enhance the application accuracy thereof by controlling the throwing direction of a fertilizer according to the position of a scattering opening installed in a spinner disk. CONSTITUTION:Many controlling plates (E1) to (E13) for controlling the throwing direction of a fertilizer (M) thrown from a spinner disk 3 are successively arranged in a part of a scattering opening 6 of the spinner disk 3 at a suitable angle in the circumferential direction thereof.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer spreader which is mounted on the rear part of a tractor and which drives a spinner disc to rotate to disperse and disperse fertilizer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art First, the structure of a fertilizer sprayer of this type,
The spraying action will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state in which a fertilizer sprayer S is attached to the rear part of the tractor T to perform fertilizer spraying, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fertilizer sprayer S, and FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the spraying action of fertilizer. Mainly in FIG. 2, a fertilizer hopper 1 for filling granular fertilizer M is fixedly supported by a support frame 2, and a spinner disc 3 is rotatable directly below a bottom plate portion 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1 in a horizontal plane. It is installed in. A plurality of spinner blades 4 are attached to the upper surface of the spinner disk 3 along the radial direction (see FIG. 3). The spinner cover 5 includes a disk-shaped top plate portion 5a and a side cover plate portion 5b formed by bending the plate material in an arc shape.
And a side cover plate portion 5b is hung and attached to the outer peripheral edge of the top plate portion 5a. The top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5 is arranged immediately above the spinner disc 3 with a predetermined interval, and the side covering plate portion 5b is arranged outside the spinner disc 3 in a non-scattering area of fertilizer. The spinner disc 3 is provided with a scattering opening 6 in the fertilizer scattering area on the outer periphery thereof.
(See FIG. 3) is formed. Further, a shutter plate 7 is provided in close contact with the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1. This shutter plate 7 is connected to a shutter opening / closing lever 9 via a shutter opening / closing rod 8, and by operating this lever 9, the fertilizer drop opening 11 provided in the bottom plate 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1 and the shutter plate 7 are connected. When the fertilizer drop opening 12 provided is matched, the fertilizer M in the fertilizer hopper 1 passes through the fertilizer drop openings 11 and 12 and drops onto the spinner disk 3 that is being driven and rotated. The centrifugal force of the spinner disc 3 and the reaction force received from the spinner blades 4 attached to the spinner disc 3 cause the tractor T to be scattered rearward in the traveling direction P. Further, the spinner shaft 13 provided at the center of rotation of the spinner disc 3 is
It is driven and rotated by the power of the tractor T transmitted to the input shaft 15 through the universal joint 14, and the upper end of the spinner shaft 13 enters the bottom of the fertilizer hopper 1, and the stirring agitator 16 is placed in this part. Installed. In FIG. 2, 17 denotes a bevel gear pair for transmitting a rotational force from the input shaft 15 to the spinner shaft 13, and 18 denotes a gear box accommodating the bevel gear pair 17.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, the fertilizer spraying action of the fertilizer sprayer S will be described. Grains Ma of the fertilizer M that have dropped onto the spinner disc 3 from the fertilizer drop opening 11 provided in the bottom plate portion 1a of the fertilizer hopper 1 are subjected to a centrifugal force by the rotation action of the spinner disc 3 and the spinner circle It receives frictional force from the plate 3 and is moved along the spinner blades 4 on the spinner disk 3 to the throwing point B which is the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3. After that, the particles Ma of the fertilizer M are thrown at the throwing point B in the direction of the resultant force F of the centrifugal force F ₁ due to the rotation of the spinner disk 3 and the reaction force F ₂ received from the spinner blade 4. In FIG. 3, Q
Indicates the rotation direction of the spinner disc 3.

Countless fertilizer grains Ma dropped from the fertilizer drop opening 11 of the fertilizer hopper 1 onto the spinner disc 3 have the same particle size and specific gravity, and the spinner disc 3
If the dropping conditions such as the falling position and the falling speed on the top are the same, the rotation angle α of the spinner disk 3 from the falling point A of the fertilizer grain Ma to the throwing point B is constant, and The fertilizer particles Ma will be thrown from the throwing point B. However, in reality, variations in the particle size and specific gravity of the fertilizer grains Ma, the fertilizer grains M with respect to the spinner disk 3, and the like.
Due mainly to the variation of the falling position of a, etc., the throwing point of the fertilizer grain Ma on the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 varies in the range from “B ′” to “B ″”. The range from this throwing point B ′ to the same B ″ is the scattering area of the fertilizer M, and the angle β formed in this fertilizer scattering area becomes the scattering angle. Then, from the fertilizer drop opening 11 to the spinner disk 3. The fertilizer M that has dropped onto the top is scattered rearward while being irregularly distributed within the range of the scattering angle β. Therefore, when the amount of the fertilizer M sprayed is examined, it is generally shown in FIG. The distribution becomes like this, and the work center (C) corresponds to the probability of the dropping point of the fertilizer particles Ma.
The maximum amount of spraying is at the end, and the amount of spraying gradually decreases toward both ends, so the effective spreading width (W ₂ ) is narrower than the maximum spreading width (W ₁ ), and the work center (C)
There was a problem that a thick mountain was formed in the area and the distribution of sprayed fertilizer was uneven.

To solve this problem, a plurality of fertilizer drop openings 11 are provided to alleviate the uneven distribution of the sprayed fertilizer described above. For example, as shown in FIG. When two drop ports 11 are provided, the distribution of the sprayed fertilizer is as shown in FIG. 6, and two dark mountains corresponding to the two fertilizer drop ports 11 are formed. There is no fundamental solution to uniform distribution.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional fertilizer spraying machine, the present invention provides a large number of means for controlling the throwing direction of fertilizer at the fertilizer scattering portion on the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disc. By arranging the control plate of
The challenge is to make the distribution of spray fertilizer uniform and improve the spraying accuracy.

[0007]

In order to solve this problem, the means adopted by the present invention is that a spinner disc is rotatably arranged in a horizontal plane just below a bottom plate of a fertilizer hopper filled with fertilizer. , A spinner cover is formed by hanging a side covering plate part obtained by bending the plate material in an arc shape on the outer peripheral edge of the disk-shaped top plate part, and forming a spinner cover directly above the spinner disk. A top plate portion is provided, and a side cover plate portion of the spinner cover is provided in a non-scattering area of fertilizer outside the spinner disc.
A scattering opening is formed in the fertilizer scattering area on the outer periphery of the spinner disk, and the spinner disk is driven to rotate,
In the fertilizer spreader of a structure for spraying fertilizer, which is a fertilizer dropped on a spinner disc from a fertilizer drop opening provided in the bottom plate portion of the fertilizer hopper, is thrown from the scattering opening by the rotating action of the spinner disc, By arranging a large number of control plates for controlling the throwing direction of the fertilizer thrown from the spinner disc at the proper angle along the circumferential direction at the scattering opening portion of the spinner disc. is there. In this configuration, a large number of control plates arranged at the scattering opening of the spinner disc are attached to the top plate of the spinner cover so that they can rotate and be fixed, and the mounting angle of the control plate with respect to the fertilizer throwing direction is adjusted. You may enable it.

[0008]

When a large number of control plates are sequentially arranged at the scattering opening of the spinner disc at an appropriate angle, a part of the fertilizer thrown by the rotation of the spinner disc interferes with the control plate. The throwing direction is changed. As a result, the fertilizer can be concentratedly scattered in the effective spread width of the fertilizer, and the distribution of the spread fertilizer can be made uniform in that range. In addition, a large number of control plates arranged in the scattering opening of the spinner disc are rotated on the top plate of the spinner cover.
If it can be fixedly installed and the mounting angle of the control plate relative to the fertilizer throwing direction can be adjusted, the splash angle of the fertilizer can be adjusted, or the splash opening on one side with respect to the work center line can be blocked. , Fertilizer can be applied only to the other side.

[0009]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The same parts as those described in the above-mentioned "Prior Art" will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description will be avoided, and only characteristic parts of the present invention will be described. Figure 7
Has a large number of control plates E _{1 in} the scattering openings 6 of the spinner disk 3.
Is a plan view showing a state of arranging the to E _13. In FIG. 7, a circle b that is concentric with the spinner disk 3 and has a radius larger than that by (a) is set. In addition, the throwing start point B ′ and the throwing end point B ″ on the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 forming the fertilizer scattering angle β are passed, and the throwing angles of the fertilizer are γ ₁ and γ ₁₃ , respectively. The intersection of the direction line and the circle b is (d ₁ ),
(d ₁₃ ) Then, with each of the intersections d ₁ and d ₁₃ as a start point and an end point, the central angle formed by the throwing start point B ′ and the throwing end point B ″ is divided by the number of control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ at an angle θ. From each point on the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disk 3 that is equally divided, the intersections of the throwing direction lines forming the throwing angles γ _{2 to} γ ₁₂ and the circle b are set to d ₂ to d ₁₂ , respectively.

Further, the control plate E ₁ to E ₁₃ are respectively as a starting point the intersections d ₁ to d _13, are disposed along each throwing angle gamma ₁ to? ₁₃ fertilizer. This control board E ₁
E ₁₃ are attached to the top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5. Further, in the figure, the control plates E ₁ to
The angles formed by E ₁₃ are displayed as θ _{1 to} θ ₁₂ , respectively, but if the throwing angles γ _{1 to} γ _{13 of the} fertilizer are all the same, the angle θ formed by the adjacent control plates E _{1 to} E _{13 1 to} θ
Each of ₁₂ is configured to be equal to the equal angle θ.

[0011] Then, in order to increase the spraying accuracy of fertilizers, in FIG. 4, the maximum spraying width (W ₁₎ to the effective spray width (W
It is necessary to increase the ratio of ₂ ), that is, to minimize the difference (Wa), (Wb) between the maximum spread width (W ₁ ) and the effective spread width (W ₂ ). For this purpose, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₄ arranged at one end of the fertilizer application area is rotated by a predetermined angle toward the center of the spinner disk 3. When moved and repositioned, each control plate E _{1 to} E ₄
Angle between is changed to (θ ₁ ~θ ₃₎ from _{(θ 1 '~θ 3')} . As a result, in FIG.
Of the fertilizer grains Ma thrown from the outer periphery of
The ones passing through the routes b and c pass between the control plates E _{1 to} E ₄ , while those passing the routes d, e, f
The control plates E _{1 to} E ₃ collide (interfere) with each other and the throwing direction is controlled to be changed from the work center line C. In the same manner, for each of the control plates E _{10 to} E ₁₃ arranged at the other end of the fertilizer spraying area, the throwing direction of the fertilizer particles passing between them is changed from the work center line C. If it is rearranged as described above, the scattering angle β of the fertilizer becomes smaller as compared with the arrangement of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ shown in FIG. 7, but as shown in FIG. width difference between (W ₁ ') and the effective swath _{(W 2') (Wa '} ), (Wb') with a possible smaller, near both ends of the effective swath _{(W 2 ') (Wc)} , (Wd) The amount of fertilizer distributed in the area is increased, and the fertilizer applied in the effective spread width (W ₂ ') is made uniform.

As described in the above-mentioned "Prior Art", when the fertilizer drop port 11 is set to the position (A) in FIG. 3, the spinning spinner disc 3 is rotated. The amount of fertilizer grains thrown from the vicinity of the throwing point B on the outer peripheral edge is stochastically maximized. In FIG. 9, assuming that the angle forming the largest range of the amount of fertilizer grains thrown is (δ), the amount of fertilizer thrown from the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disc 3 included in this angle δ is It is more than that thrown from other parts, and this causes the formation of the densely distributed peaks in the central portion in FIG. However, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10, on the outside of the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disc 3 included in the angle (δ), a large number of control plates E _{4 to} E ₄ are arranged along the circumferential direction. ₈ have been arranged, each of these control plate E ₄ to E ₈ is to serve slit relative particle Ma of fertilizers throwing the spinner disc 3, the control plate E ₄ to E some of the grain Ma fertilizer to be passed between the _8, the control plate E
_{4 to} E ₈ collide (interfere) with the back surface of the fertilizer to cause the fertilizer particles Ma that would otherwise be thrown in the direction of the work center line C to be thrown in the opposite direction. As a result, the amount of fertilizer sprayed around the work center line C is reduced, and the distribution of sprayed fertilizer improved as shown in FIG. 11 is further improved as shown in FIG. The fertilizer distribution within the effective spraying width (W ₂ ') is almost uniform over the entire width, and the spraying accuracy is improved. Each of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ is arranged outside the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disc 3 at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction within the range of the fertilizer scattering angle β. Therefore, it also functions as a slit for the fertilizer particles Ma that are thrown irregularly at the respective portions within the scattering angle β, and the control plates E _{1 to} E _{13 are also provided.}
Also has the effect of leveling the distribution of the applied fertilizer over the entire effective width (W ₂ ').

In the example shown in FIG. 13, the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ arranged as described above can be rotated and fixed to the top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5 via fixing pins 20. It is installed. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
The top plate 5a of the spinner cover 5 of the control plate E ₁ to E ₁₃
When the fixed angle with respect to is adjusted and controlled to be different, the scattering angle of fertilizer is changed from (β) to (β '),
The maximum spread width (W ₁ ) of fertilizer and the effective spread width (W ₂ ) can be adjusted and controlled. Further, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, respectively, the control plates E _{7 to} E ₁₃ or E _{1 to} E ₇ arranged on one side or the other side of the work center line C as a boundary.
Can be arranged in the tangential direction of the outer peripheral edge of the spinner disc 3 to close one or the other side of the work center line C in the fertilizer scattering area, and halve the fertilizer scattering angle β ′. As a result, fertilizer can be sprayed only on one side of the work center line C.

Further, in the conventional fertilizer sprayer having a structure in which the spinner disc is driven and rotated to spray the fertilizer, as shown in FIG. 17, the flight distance of the fertilizer to the rear is large, and the fertilizer is sprayed. Since the range is arcuate, there is a drawback that a large undispersed portion D ′ is generated at the corner of the field, but the fertilizer-spreading machine according to the present invention has a large number of controls in the scattering opening portion of the spinner disc. Since the plate is arranged, the distance of the fertilizer to the rear is reduced, and the unsprayed portion D at the corner of the field is produced.
Also becomes smaller as shown in FIG.

Further, in the example shown in FIG. 19, a large number of interference rods R are arranged vertically in place of the control plate in the fertilizer scattering opening on the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk 3, and the spinner cover 5 is provided. It is fixed to the top plate portion 5a. The interference rod R in this example is inferior to the control plate in the control function in the throwing direction of fertilizer, but it is irregular because each interference rod R functions as a slit for the thrown fertilizer. Has the effect of leveling the distribution of sprayed fertilizer.

[0016]

According to the present invention, in a fertilizer spreader having a structure in which the spinner disc is driven and rotated to drop and spread the fertilizer that has fallen on the spinner disc. Since a number of control plates for controlling are sequentially arranged at an appropriate angle along the circumferential direction at the scattering opening portion of the spinner disc, the fertilizer thrown by the rotation of the spinner disc Some of them interfere with the control plate to change the throwing direction, so that the fertilizer is concentratedly scattered in a portion of the effective spread width of the fertilizer, and the distribution of the spread fertilizer can be made uniform within that range. As a result, the fertilizer application accuracy is increased. Also,
If a number of control plates arranged in the scattering opening of the spinner disc are attached to the top plate of the spinner cover so that they can rotate and be fixed, and the angle at which the control plate is attached to the fertilizer throwing direction can be adjusted, The scattering angle of the fertilizer can be adjusted, or the scattering opening on one side with respect to the work center line can be closed, and the fertilizer can be sprayed only on the other side.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is equipped with a fertilizer spreader S at the rear of the tractor T,
It is a figure which shows the state which is performing fertilizer application.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fertilizer spreader S.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a spinner disc 3 and a spinner cover 5 for explaining a fertilizer spraying action of a fertilizer sprayer having one fertilizer drop port 11.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a distribution state of sprayed fertilizer by a fertilizer sprayer having one fertilizer drop port.

5 is a plan view of the spinner disc 3 and the spinner cover 5 for explaining the fertilizer spraying action of the fertilizer sprayer having two fertilizer drop ports 11. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a distribution state of sprayed fertilizer by a fertilizer sprayer having two fertilizer drop ports.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the arrangement of a large number of control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ arranged at the scattering opening 6 of the spinner disc 3.

8 is an enlarged view of a portion of control plates E _{1 to} E ₄ in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a portion where the amount of fertilizer scattered is the largest within the scattering angle β.

10 is an enlarged view of portions of control plates E _{4 to} E ₈ in FIG. 7.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a distribution state of sprayed fertilizer improved by providing a control plate.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a distribution state of sprayed fertilizer which is further improved by providing a control plate.

FIG. 13 shows a control plate E on the top plate portion 5a of the spinner cover 5.
The ₁ to E ₁₃ is a plan view showing a state mounted in the pivot-lockable.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a state in which the mounting angles of the control plates E _{1 to} E ₁₃ are made different and the scattering angle of fertilizer is changed.

FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a state where the scattering openings on one side with respect to the work center line C are closed by control plates E _{7 to} E ₁₃ and the fertilizer is sprayed on the other side.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a state in which the scattering openings on the other side with respect to the work center line C are closed by control plates E _{1 to} E _7, and fertilizer is sprayed on the one side.

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing an unscattered portion D ′ formed at a corner portion of a field by a conventional fertilizer sprayer.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a non-dispersed portion D formed at a corner portion of a field by the fertilizer spreader of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a state in which a large number of interference rods R are arranged in the scattering openings of the spinner disc 3.

[Explanation of symbols]

E _{1 to} E ₁₃ : Control plate M: Fertilizer R: Interference rod S: Fertilizer spreader T: Tractor 1: Fertilizer hopper 3: Spinner disk 5: Spinner cover 5a: Spinner cover top plate 6: Scattering opening

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A spinner disc is rotatably arranged in a horizontal plane immediately below a bottom plate of a fertilizer hopper filled with fertilizer, and a plate material is bent in an arc shape on an outer peripheral edge of a disc-shaped top plate. The side cover plate part is attached so as to hang down to form a spinner cover, and the top plate part of the spinner cover is arranged immediately above the spinner disc, and the fertilizer on the outside of the spinner disc. The side coating plate portion of the spinner cover is arranged in the non-scattering area of the spinner cover, and a scattering opening is formed in the fertilizer scattering area of the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk, and the spinner disk is driven to rotate. A fertilizer spreader configured to spray fertilizer by dropping fertilizer that has fallen onto a spinner disc from a fertilizer drop opening provided on the bottom plate of the fertilizer hopper through the scattering opening by the spin action of the spinner disc. A plurality of control plates for controlling the throwing direction of the fertilizer thrown from the spinner disc are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction at the scattering opening portion of the spinner disc. And fertilizer spreader. 2. A control plate mounting angle with respect to a fertilizer throwing direction, wherein a large number of control plates sequentially arranged at a scattering opening portion of a spinner disc are rotatably and fixedly mounted on a top plate portion of a spinner cover. The fertilizer spreader according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer spreader is adjustable. 3. A spinner disc is rotatably arranged in a horizontal plane just below a bottom plate of a fertilizer hopper filled with fertilizer, and a plate material is bent in an arc shape on an outer peripheral edge of a disc-shaped top plate. The side cover plate part is attached so as to hang down to form a spinner cover, and the top plate part of the spinner cover is arranged immediately above the spinner disc, and the fertilizer on the outside of the spinner disc. The side coating plate portion of the spinner cover is arranged in the non-scattering area of the spinner cover, and a scattering opening is formed in the fertilizer scattering area of the outer peripheral portion of the spinner disk, and the spinner disk is driven to rotate. A fertilizer spreader configured to spray fertilizer by dropping fertilizer that has fallen onto a spinner disc from a fertilizer drop opening provided on the bottom plate of the fertilizer hopper through the scattering opening by the spin action of the spinner disc. A plurality of interference rods for colliding and interfering with the fertilizer thrown from the spinner disc are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction at the scattering opening portion of the spinner disc, A fertilizer spreader characterized by being attached to the top plate of the spinner cover.