JP3198252U - External insulation structure of the structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an outer heat insulating structure having water retention, water permeability, heat retention and heat removal installed on a roof surface and a wall surface of a structure. A surface layer 2 having a capillary continuous structure and a closed cell type heat retaining plate 3 having heat retaining properties are integrated on an outer surface side of an outer heat insulating structure 1. The thickness of the surface layer is 2 mm to 200 mm, the water retention is 20% to 85% by volume, the specific gravity during drying is 0.2 to 2.0, and the average capillary diameter of the surface layer is 0.5 to 500 μm. And [Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an energy saving system element and an outer heat insulating structure of a structure in which a cooling function using heat of vaporization of water is added to an outer surface layer in an outer heat insulating method for a building.

In recent years, solutions to global warming caused by excessive use of fossil fuels and urban heat island phenomena have become urgent issues. Conventionally, various new energy / energy saving systems have been proposed to address these problems.

  The roofs and walls of structures are subject to high temperatures because they are exposed to direct sunlight for a long time during the day. Especially in the summertime when the solar radiation is long, the heat absorbed from the roof surface is transferred into the structure to raise the room temperature, and the heat storage by the heat transferred from the surface of the roof and walls to the structure is effective. It is causing a decline. Currently, one of the most popular and effective building energy-saving systems is the outer insulation method. The outside heat insulation method is a method of providing a heat insulation layer on the outside of a building, which is caused by the accumulation of cold air during the daytime in the summer and cold air during the nighttime in the winter by protecting the frame with a large heat capacity such as concrete structures from the coldness of the outside air. Large temperature rise and fall inside the building can be suppressed. On the other hand, inside the building, due to the effect of external heat insulation, it becomes easy to maintain the temperature inside the building due to the large heat capacity of the building itself. Therefore, compared with the conventional internal heat insulation, that is, the construction method in which the heat insulation layer is provided inside the building, there is an advantage that the energy relating to air conditioning can be greatly suppressed and the room temperature can be easily maintained in a comfortable environment. Up to now, the outer insulation method has been limited to expensive construction methods from the viewpoint of fire resistance performance on the outer wall, and the spread of outer insulation buildings has been delayed, but the fire resistance by more than 30 years in Japan, Europe and the United States, and fire resistance by full-scale tests, etc. The introduction of inexpensive external insulation methods that have confirmed performance and measures for energy-saving effects based on the Kyoto Protocol have helped increase the number of new construction and renovation of external insulation buildings.

With regard to the outer insulation method, heat insulation plates such as foamed polyethylene and foamed polystyrene are stretched on the roof and wall surfaces, and cinder concrete and holding blocks for the purpose of preventing UV degradation of the heat insulation plate, improving fire resistance, and preventing scattering. In general, a method of blocking heat from the outside by providing a surface layer such as mortar. However, in this method, the heat insulation effect of suppressing heat transfer is limited by the heat flow resistance of the heat insulating plate, and the roof surface and wall surface cannot be actively cooled. In addition, the surface layer reaches 65 ° C in summer, the heat stored in the surface layer, and the heat that leaks through the heat insulation plate is accumulated in the structure housing, so that heat can be generated inside the structure even when there is no solar radiation such as nighttime or cloudy weather. It is gradually transmitted and is a limit to energy saving measures and habitability improvement measures for fundamental air conditioners, and there are problems such as promoting sensible heat radiation from sensible heat radiation from the surface layer that has become hot. It was.

On the other hand, as one effective method of directly removing heat from the structure, that is, actively taking away the amount of heat, so-called water hammering using the heat of vaporization of water is fisted. Water hammering has been customary everywhere since ancient times, and the cooling effect has been proven to be empirically high. The most common practical examples are water-permeable and water-retaining pavements, and are attracting attention as countermeasures against heat islands that effectively use rainwater in urban areas. However, these technologies cannot be applied as a part of the building, and the permeable / water-retaining pavement technology cannot secure capillary continuity. Similarly, in porous concrete technology, Capillary continuity is difficult to ensure due to its presence, so water cannot be supplied from the bottom to the outer surface of the surface layer (vaporization part), and only a temperature drop of a few degrees C can be expected. It is difficult to expect a temperature drop (cooling), that is, an effect of cooling 65 ° C. to 40 ° C., for example. In order to solve these problems, the inventors have proposed that in Patent Document 1 filed earlier, a capillary continuous structure composed of a porous aggregate bonded by a hydrophilic binding component and a surface layer having a non-capillary void. And an independent cell type organic resin foam heat insulating plate, and the heat insulating plate and the surface layer are integrated by compression molding.

WO2010 / 023957

The inventors have been able to solve the above problems by the invention of Patent Document 1, but have the following three problems.

First, as the first problem, in the invention of Patent Document 1, the aggregate for securing the continuous capillary structure is expensive and the selection range is narrow.

Next, as the problem 2, the thickness of the surface layer of Patent Document 1 is about 5 mm, and if the thickness is about 5 mm or less in order to further reduce the wet weight of the panel, the aggregate shape varies. However, due to variations in mixing and molding, strength weak points are likely to be generated, and the fire prevention performance is drastically reduced, and the selection range of material selection and molding conditions is narrow. Furthermore, even if the thickness is 5 mm or more, in order to obtain heavy walking strength, it is necessary to increase the binding component and sacrifice water permeability and water retention to some extent.

In addition, as the problem 3, in applications that require various design characteristics, for example, in the case of a detached outer wall or a highly exhibiting building, the aggregate has an effect of increasing the surface area and promoting the vaporization of water. Unevenness can reduce the degree of freedom in design.
As a result of intensive research to solve these three problems, the inventors have arrived at the present invention.

That is, in order to achieve the above object, the external heat insulating structure of a structure according to claim 1 is an external heat insulating structure of a structure installed on a roof surface or a wall surface of the structure, and a capillary tube is provided on the external surface side thereof. A non-flammable surface layer having a continuous structure and a closed cell type heat insulating plate are integrated, the thickness of the surface layer is 2 mm to 200 mm, the water retention is 20% to 85% by volume, and the specific gravity during drying is It is 0.2 to 2.0, and the average capillary diameter of the surface layer is 0.5 to 500 μm.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the outer heat insulating structure of the structure according to claim 1, a water passage groove is provided in a part of the surface layer of the outer heat insulating structure.

The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that in the outer heat insulating structure of the structure according to claim 1 or 2, a water passage is provided in a part of the heat insulating plate of the outer heat insulating structure.

As described above, in the outer heat insulating structure according to claim 1 of the present invention, an outer heat insulating structure of a structure having high strength, water retention, freeze-thaw resistance, low cost, light weight and high cooling effect is obtained. It is possible. In addition, the continuous capillary structure efficiently transports, pumps, and supplies water to the outer surface of the surface layer, cools the surface layer with the heat of vaporization of water, and prevents the temperature from rising. It is possible to extend the life of buildings, waterproof layers, etc. by significantly increasing the thermal stress and preventing changes in thermal stress on the structure. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain the strength and shape retention of the outer heat insulating structure of the structure for a long time without lowering the water retention. In addition, it is possible to obtain an outer heat insulating structure that is lightweight, has high water retention, and has improved water capillary movement in the surface layer.

In the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention, it is possible to obtain high water retention and freeze-thaw resistance at the same time by providing a water retention function in terms of material and a water passage function in terms of structure.

In the device according to claim 3 of the present invention, it is possible to obtain high water retention and freeze-thaw resistance at the same time by providing a water retention function in terms of material and a water passage function in terms of structure.

It is the cross-sectional schematic and perspective view of the outer heat insulation structure 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the cross-sectional schematic of the outer heat insulation structure 1 which has the water flow groove | channel 4 inside the surface layer 2 based on embodiment of this invention. It is the cross-sectional schematic of the outer heat insulation structure 1 which has the water flow groove | channel 4 in the heat retention board 3 based on embodiment of this invention. It is the cross-sectional schematic of the outer heat insulation structure 1 which has the water flow body 5 inside the surface layer 2 based on embodiment of this invention. It is the cross-sectional schematic of the outer heat insulation structure 1 which has the water flow groove | channel 4 in the outer surface of the surface layer 2 based on embodiment of this invention.

An example of the outer heat insulating structure according to the best mode of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, this invention is not limited to the form shown in the Example.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view (a), (b) and a perspective view (c) of an outer heat insulating structure 1 of a structure to which the present invention is applied. As for the simplest structure of the outer heat insulating structure 1 of the present invention, the outer heat insulating structure 1 is formed of a surface layer 2 and a heat insulating plate 3 as shown in FIG.

The surface layer 2 is formed of a porous material having a continuous capillary structure. In addition to the function of protecting the heat insulating plate 3 from solar radiation, the water retention function that is essential to the present invention and the water pumping function in the surface layer 2 have. With the pumping function, water retained in the surface layer 2 is always supplied from the bottom side of the surface layer 2 to the outer surface side where transpiration is performed by capillary continuity without staying at the bottom of the surface layer 2. Say function. Water is retained in the surface layer 2 due to rainfall, watering and water supply, and the retained water begins to evaporate during sunny weather, and at the same time, water is pumped and supplied to the outer surface of the surface layer 2 by a continuous capillary structure. . Since the temperature in the vicinity of the surface layer 2 is significantly lowered by the heat of vaporization of water, it is possible to positively remove solar heat.

Capillary continuity is the continuity of the capillary for diffusing water from the lower surface to the upper surface of the surface layer 2 and promoting the vaporization of water, and the capillary for continuing to promote the diffusion of water in the plane direction by the capillary phenomenon. It is the continuity of. The structure of the surface layer 2 having capillary continuity is referred to as a capillary continuous structure. The porous material forming the continuous capillary structure can be easily confirmed and selected by the following method. That is, a porous material having a width of about 50 mm, a thickness of about 10 mm, and a length of about 300 mm is filled with about 200 mL of water on a bat, and one end of the material is immersed in the bat. After 3 hours, the distance (pumping height) between the water retaining wet top surface of the porous aggregate and the water surface in the bat is measured. Depending on the color of the porous material, it may be difficult to confirm the wetted or pumped upper surface due to the continuous capillary structure. In such a case, a clearer measurement can be performed by appropriately dissolving a dye having low surface activity ability in water. For example, when the thickness of the surface layer 2 is 200 mm, the safety factor is set to 1.5 times in consideration of variations in material shape, molding, and pumping speed. Therefore, a porous aggregate having a pumping height exceeding 300 mm is desirable. For example, a diatomaceous earth plate has a pumping height of 300 mm or more, and is one of the most suitable materials for the surface layer 2. Other pulverized products such as perlite, continuous foamed volcanic gravel (pumice), shirasu, zeolite, vermiculite, artificial zeolite, unglazed or earthenware, roof tiles, etc. A ceramic plate, a diatomaceous earth plate, a natural porous water-retaining plate, a high-density glass wool plate, a high-density rock wool plate, or other porous plate that has been superheated and foamed using the heat-insulating plate 3 may be bonded together. Fine powder such as clay and fly ash, or molten glass or water glass may be finely foamed and solidified.

A capillary continuous / water retaining structure having a uniform composition can be produced, for example, by the following method. That is, an inorganic composition containing a chemical foaming substance on the heat insulating plate 3, a mixture of a porous filler and cement, water glass, magnesia, or a non-flammable phenol foam forming composition is cast on the heat insulating plate 3. Or after spraying, it is obtained by the method of shaping | molding to fixed thickness, or pouring on the heat insulating board 3 set in the formwork, and compressing and adjusting the thickness. The porous filler refers to a material having minute continuous pores or voids such as diatomaceous earth, perlite, shirasu, zeolite, vermiculite, artificial zeolite and the like. In any case, it is essential that the outer surface portion of the surface layer 2 is in a state where the ends of continuous capillaries are open, and if it is covered with a film, vaporization is inhibited and a sufficient cooling function cannot be achieved. . The surface layer 2 is preferably a non-flammable material. Non-flammability means conforming to the non-flammable material test, flying fire test, fire resistance test, etc. for roofs and walls stipulated in the Building Standard Law. As the heat insulating plate 3, an organic foam, that is, a foamed plate made of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyphenol or the like, or an inorganic porous heat insulating plate 3 such as ALC or cellular concrete plate is used. In any case, the heat insulation performance is higher when the cell has closed cells, the expansion ratio is higher, and the bubble diameter is smaller. The closed-cell type heat insulating plate ensures high heat insulation and has little deterioration in heat insulation performance due to humidity and water immersion. Insulating insulation plates such as glass foam plates, ceramic foam plates, ALC plates, etc. that have bending strength, foamed polyethylene, foamed polypropylene, foamed polyurethane, foamed urea resin, foamed synthetic rubber, foamed polyvinyl chloride Further, it is possible to use foamed polyphenol, foamed polystyrene or the like, or a resin heat insulating board in which a filler, a reinforcing material or the like is mixed. With regard to the outer heat insulating structure 1 according to the present invention, when the surface layer 2 and the heat insulating plate 3 are integrated, the surface layer 2 has a light walking strength that is practical enough to withstand practical use even at a lower strength than the surface layer 2 alone. There is a merit that strength can be secured.

Moreover, it was solidified using a plate-like body, that is, a capillary continuous / water retaining structure melted and foamed at a high temperature of approximately 600 ° C. or higher, an inorganic foamed capillary continuous water retaining structure board, a porous filler, and a reinforcing filler. In the method of laminating a capillary continuous water retaining structure or a plate-like body having a natural capillary continuous water retaining structure with the heat insulating plate 3, when the thickness of the surface layer 2 is 15 mm or more, adhesive, resin mortar, etc. Before bonding with the adhesive layer 6, it is desirable to form a water passage portion to be described later on the plate-like body.

With respect to the water passage portion of the outer heat insulating structure 1, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the water passage groove 4 is formed under the surface layer 2 and bonded to the heat insulating plate 3 with the adhesive layer 6. It can be formed. The water flow groove 4 or the water flow body 5 is for allowing water to flow down from above the water and keeping it in the surface layer 2 having capillary continuity around the water, and is linear from the water toward the bottom. Or meandering. By supplying sufficient water to the water flow groove 4, the water in the surface layer 2 flows from the side in contact with the heat insulating plate 3 toward the outer surface, preventing clogging of the surface layer 2 due to dust or the like, or It can also be removed by washing. Regarding the shape of the water flow groove 4, various shapes are conceivable as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c). Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c), the water flow groove 4 is formed by forming the water flow groove 4 on the heat insulating plate 3 and bonding the heat conductive groove 4 to the heat insulating plate 3 with the adhesive layer 6. It is possible. By the water flow groove 4, water is immediately supplied almost uniformly in the flow direction of the water in the outer heat insulating structure 1 (arrow direction in FIG. 1). When the number of water passage grooves is large, it is possible to quickly retain water in a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction (arrow direction in FIG. 1). In addition, when the water in the surface layer 2 freezes and expands in winter, a water escape path is secured by the water flow grooves 4, so that the surface layer 2 can be prevented from being frozen and thawed. Furthermore, you may give the water flow body 5 to the water flow part other than the water flow groove 4, as shown to Fig.4 (a) thru | or (c). In this case, the outer heat insulating structure 1 is created by placing the water flow body 5 on the heat insulating plate 3 and forming the surface layer 2. As the water flow body 5, for example, a rod-shaped body in which glass fibers are brought together, an open-cell body such as gintard glass, a perforated pipe, or the like can be used. By using these, it is possible to efficiently supply water to the surface layer 2 while suppressing the water flow rate. In addition, when a water-soluble cylindrical body such as starch is used for the water flow body 5, the water flow groove 4 can be formed after the water flow body 5 is eluted. When the outer heat insulating structure 1 is applied to the roof, the water flow groove 4 may be provided on the upper surface of the surface layer 2 as shown in FIG. In this case, there is an advantage that the water vaporization area increases. Even if there is no water flow portion, the surface can be allowed to flow down, but in this case, due to slight inclination and uneven thickness, water cannot be supplied uniformly throughout. Therefore, preferably, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, it is desirable that there is a continuous groove structure capable of passing water on the surface, inside, or lower part of the surface layer.

As in the present invention, a surface material having a continuous capillary structure and a water retention structure with a uniform composition often has cracks due to impact load on some parts, is easily broken, and has low freeze-thaw resistance. There was a problem. For this reason, as a result of diligent research, the inventors have found that the problem can be solved by the following method. For example, the solution can be solved by, for example, dissolving and foaming a uniform composition at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher, mixing and reinforcing glass fibers / whiskers and other reinforcing fibers, and laminating thin bodies at the time of molding. Is possible.

The water retention rate of the surface layer 2 is determined by the porosity of the surface layer 2, and the water retention rate can be improved not only by the gap of the capillary structure part but also by the gap of the non-capillary structure. However, when the water retention rate is low, cooling due to vaporization is completed in a short time, intermittent water supply control is frequent, and failure of pumps and solenoid valves is likely to occur. Further, in many cases, the capillary continuity is extremely lowered, and furthermore, it is necessary to thicken the surface layer 2 of the outer heat insulating structure 1 in order to secure a water retention amount. As a result, the weight of the outer heat insulating structure 1 is increased. It becomes bulky. Moreover, when the water retention rate is too high, the strength of the surface layer 2 is extremely lowered. Accordingly, the water retention rate needs to be 20% to 85% in volume ratio. The specific gravity during drying of the surface layer 2 at this time is approximately 0.2 to 2.0, although it varies depending on the material.

The outer heat insulating structure 1 according to the present invention preferably has a surface layer 2 having a thickness of 2 mm to 200 mm. The thinner the surface layer 2 is, the lower the strength is. If the thickness is 2 mm or less, it is difficult to walk lightly, and the fire-proof performance against external flames is reduced. Furthermore, the solar radiation passes through the surface layer 2 and it is difficult to protect the heat insulating plate 3. Further, when the water in the surface layer 2, to intermittently feed water since it also becomes the failure relief of energy conservation surface and the feed water pump, water holding capacity of the surface layer 2 is 0.4 L / m ² to 160L / m ² A thickness of 2 to 200 mm is appropriate. Although the thickness of the surface layer 2 may be 200 mm or more, it is desirable in the case of a general building that the moisture content is 560 kg / m ² or less. Moreover, since the weight at the time of the drying of the outer heat insulation structure 1 will exceed 400 kg / m < ² > when it exceeds 200 mm, construction will be difficult on the load resistance of a structure.

In order for the water accumulated in the surface layer 2 to move within the surface layer 2 and be pumped and supplied to the outer surface of the surface layer 2, that is, the surface where water is vaporized, the surface layer 2 is continuously connected to the capillary. It is necessary to have a structure. At this time, if the capillary average diameter is too large, the movement of water from the lower surface to the upper surface of the surface layer, that is, the water cannot be pumped or cannot be pumped according to the speed of the water vaporized from the surface, and the water in the capillary tube It becomes discontinuous (capillary continuous cutting) and water vaporization is not satisfactory. On the other hand, if the capillary diameter is too small, the surface tension of water prevents the water from entering the capillary. Therefore, the average capillary diameter is preferably 0.5 to 500 μm. However, in the present invention, it does not mean that the average capillary diameter is 0.5 or less and that there is no portion of 500 μm or more, and most capillary average diameters are in the range of 0.5 to 500 μm, In particular, even if there is a portion of 500 μm or more, the effect of promoting vaporization by capillary continuity, which is the object and method of the present invention, is maintained, and water transfer / pumping by a capillary of approximately 1.5 mm / hr should occur. In addition, the capillary tube must be able to move not only from the lower surface to the upper surface of the surface layer, but also in the horizontal and diagonal directions, so that the front surface is evenly wet and multiple pumping paths must be secured. There is.

As described above, the invention described in claims 1 to 5 is not only installed on the roof surface and wall surface of the building for the purpose of reducing the air conditioning energy of the building and protecting the building from thermal stress. It can also be applied to water-retaining pavements that perform light walks for the purpose of heat island countermeasures.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Outer heat insulation structure 2 ... Surface layer 3 ... Thermal insulation board 4 ... Water flow groove 5 ... Water flow body 6 ... Adhesive layer

Claims (3)

An outer heat insulating structure of a structure installed on a roof surface or a wall surface of the structure, and a nonflammable surface layer having a capillary continuous structure and a closed cell type heat insulating plate are integrated on the outer surface side, and the surface layer The thickness is 2 mm to 200 mm, the water retention is 20% to 85% by volume, and the specific gravity during drying is 0.2 to 2.0,
An outer heat insulating structure of a structure, wherein the surface layer has an average capillary diameter of 0.5 to 500 μm. The outer heat insulating structure for a structure according to claim 1, wherein the outer heat insulating structure has a water passage groove in a part of the surface layer. The outer heat insulating structure for a structure according to claim 1, wherein a water passage is provided in a part of the heat insulating plate of the outer heat insulating structure.

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