JP2007077660A - External wall material and laying material containing diatom shale, building using the same, and functional solid containing diatom shale and holding functional substance inside - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an external wall material and a building or the like using the external wall material capable of cooling an external wall of the building at a low cost by storing a large quantity of water and providing the external wall of the building with a water storage function that can discharge moisture according to relative humidity. <P>SOLUTION: The external wall material 100 contains Wakkanai layer diatom shale ground into a granular or powder state, and formed in panel shape as a whole. The external wall material 100 is used for forming the external wall of a building A or a general house. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an outer wall material containing diatom shale, a laying material on a rooftop, etc., a building using these, and a functional solid material containing diatom shale and having a functional substance retained therein. More specifically, the present invention uses the excellent water storage function and moisture absorption / release function of the Wakkanai diatom shale, and can be installed on the outer wall or roof of the building to store water on the outer surface of the building. The main technical field is technology that enables natural cooling of buildings by evaporating water.

In order to prevent or mitigate global warming of the global environment, the reduction of CO ₂ that causes it is an issue. In urban areas covered with man-made objects such as concrete, rainwater is drained immediately in the summer, and the cooling effect due to evaporative heat cannot be expected. The so-called heat island phenomenon, in which the heat generated by the outdoor unit further increases the outside air temperature because the temperature of the outside wall of the building rises and the operating rate of the cooling device increases, has become a problem. As a result, power energy consumption increases and CO ₂ emissions increase indirectly.

Urban greening measures are being promoted to alleviate the heat island phenomenon. For example, by growing greens such as trees and lawns on the building roof, the surface temperature of the building roof in the summer can be suppressed to about 30 ° C., and the energy required for cooling can be reduced. If the entire urban area is greened in this way, the energy savings will be enormous, leading to mitigation of the heat island phenomenon and reduction of CO ₂ emissions. Further, the greening product itself absorbs CO ₂ but emits O ₂ even though the amount is small.

  In Patent Document 1, the cooling tower blow water drainage, bathtub drainage, and pool drainage are temporarily stored in a groundwater tank so that greenery on the rooftop of buildings can be grown without wasting water resources. It has been proposed to pump up the roof and sprinkle water for growing greenery.

  However, the above proposal is only applicable to buildings with a rooftop. As mentioned above, one of the causes of the heat island phenomenon is an increase in the outer wall temperature of the building or an increase in the outside air temperature due to the reflection, but it is necessary to cool the outer wall (side wall) occupying most of the outer surface of the building at a low cost. No proposal has yet been made. For example, it is difficult to realize that it is possible to flow water to wet the outer wall (side wall) of a building and to expect a cooling effect due to heat of evaporation. This is because water costs are too high to keep water flowing all the time, and a considerable amount of water flows to wet the entire building walls evenly, but most of them flow down to the ground at once and cool the building outer walls. This is because it does not contribute to waste.

JP 2003-304736 A

  The present invention has been conceived under the circumstances as described above. The main object of the present invention is to store a large amount of water, and to provide a water storage function capable of releasing moisture according to the relative humidity on the outer wall of the building to cool the outer wall of the building at a low cost. Is to provide technology that can.

As shown in the graphs of FIGS. 1 and 2, the Wakkanai diatom shale has a specific surface area of about 4 times that of other diatomaceous earths, and the pore volume is about 5 times that of other diatomaceous earths. Overwhelm diatomaceous earth. Therefore, although the moisture absorption performance of water vapor in the air is remarkably excellent, the bulk specific gravity is about 0.7 g / cm ³ while the true specific gravity is about 2.4 g / cm ³ . The porosity is about 70%. In addition, since the pore distribution in the range of about 20 to 60 mm is at a high level, as shown in the graph of FIG. 3, when the relative humidity exceeds 70%, the moisture absorption rate of water vapor increases rapidly. This means that the water retention performance in a state where the relative humidity is high is high, and conversely, when the relative humidity decreases, it also has the performance of releasing the moisture retained inside. Although the above properties indicate that this Wakkanai diatom shale is excellent as an indoor humidity conditioning material, the inventors of the present application include moisture until the Wakkanai diatom shale fills most of the 70% voids. I found out that I could do it. In other words, the Wakkanai diatom shale has been found to have an excellent water storage function that can release water when needed, and can store a large amount of water. It was made with attention.

  As a reminder, other diatomaceous earth can inhale a certain amount of water if it touches the water, but its water retention function is inferior, so this water is released in a short time, It cannot be said that it has the water storage function found in Wakkanai diatom shale. Therefore, in the present invention, it is an essential requirement to use Wakkanai diatom shale.

 The outer wall material according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the outer wall material of the Wakkanai layer diatom shale is crushed into a granular or powdery shape and is formed into a panel shape as a whole.

  As a method of forming and solidifying into a panel shape, the so-called old ceramics that knead the above-mentioned Wakkanai layer diatom shale powder and granular materials with water and a binder material for firing such as clay and earth, mold and fire. In addition to the embodiment, it is possible to adopt a concrete block embodiment in which the above-mentioned Wakkanai layer diatom shale powder and granular materials are mixed with stones and sand together with cement and poured into a mold and solidified.

  The building according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the outer wall material according to the first aspect of the present invention is used and a means for supplying water to the outer wall material is provided.

  As described above, the Wakkanai diatom shale has an excellent water storage function and can release moisture when necessary. Because of the excellent water storage function of the Wakkanai diatom shale, even if the exterior wall material according to the present invention is used as a panel for a vertical exterior wall of a building, it becomes possible to retain moisture, The concept of covering with moisture can be realized for the first time. In addition, the Wakkanai diatom shale releases water appropriately according to the relative humidity, so that the outer wall of the building can be cooled by the heat of evaporation of the water. If water is simply applied to the outer wall of the building, this water will evaporate immediately and a continuous cooling effect cannot be expected. However, if the outer wall material according to the present invention and a building using the same are used, the outer wall material will be Because of its excellent water storage function, a large amount of water can be retained as the entire outer wall of the building. Therefore, a continuous cooling effect can be expected. As a result, energy required for cooling the building in summer can be significantly reduced. The Wakkanai diatom shale has a fine pore and a very high porosity, and therefore has an excellent heat insulating function. This also can be expected to reduce the energy required for cooling and heating the building.

  The laying material according to the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the laying material of the Wakkanai layer diatom shale is crushed into a granular or powder form, and is formed into a panel shape or a block shape as a whole. .

  The method of forming and solidifying into a panel shape or a block shape can be an old ceramic mode or a concrete block mode as described above for the first aspect of the present invention.

 In a preferred embodiment, plants are grown on the upper surface.

  By laying this laying material on the roof of the building and spraying water appropriately, a large amount of water can be retained. Therefore, it is possible to expect a cooling effect by evaporating heat that continues for a long time without frequent watering. Since this laying material has porosity, it is possible to plant a lawn or the like on the upper surface. If it does in this way, it can contribute also to the greening of a roof, and the watering frequency can be decreased by the outstanding water storage function which this laying material has.

  The functional solid according to the fourth aspect of the present invention contains a granular or powdered pulverized Wakkanai diatom shale and is formed into a block shape as a whole, and the Wakkanai diatom described above. A predetermined functional substance is held in the shale gap.

  Examples of the functional substance include substances selected from a substance having an air cleaning function, an antifungal function, an insect repellent function, an antibacterial function, and a herbicidal function, a fertilizer, and a fragrance.

  The method for producing a functional solid according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a functional solid according to the fourth aspect, wherein the Wakkanai diatom shale is crushed into a granular or powder form. The molded product which is contained in a block shape as a whole is immersed in a liquid in which a predetermined functional substance is dissolved or dispersed, and the molded product is allowed to absorb the liquid and then dried. It is a feature.

  As described above, the Wakkanai diatom shale has as many as 70% voids and can contain water until most of the voids are filled. Accordingly, a sufficient amount of the functional substance can be held in the voids by the above method, and the functional solid according to the present invention thus obtained can continue to exhibit a predetermined function for a long period of time.

  Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given below with reference to the drawings.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 4 shows an appearance of an example of the outer wall material 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention. The outer wall material 100 has a rectangular shape in front view and a panel shape having a certain thickness, but the shape in front view is not limited to a rectangular shape, and the dimensions of each part such as thickness can be determined as appropriate. The outer wall material 100 is formed by solidifying the Wakkanai layer diatom shale into the above-mentioned panel shape including those pulverized into a granular or powder form.

  The first method of forming and solidifying is to add powder and granular materials of Wakkanai diatom shale together with soil or clay and knead them together, form them into panels, and fire them. This is a technique similar to the production of roof tiles and bricks, but the material, the ratio thereof, and the like are adjusted so that the soil after baking or the clay portion has porosity.

  The second method of forming and solidifying is by pouring Wakkanai diatom shale powder and granular materials together with pebbles and sand with binder materials such as water and cement into the mold and solidifying. This is a method similar to the production of concrete blocks, but the materials and ratios are adjusted so as to be porous after solidification.

  In the above case, the Wakkanai diatom shale itself has a porosity of 70% and water storage performance that can satisfy this, and in order to make the best use of this water storage performance, it retains the necessary strength after solidification. As much as possible, it is important to make the content ratio of the Wakkanai diatom shale as high as possible, for example, 50 to 75% by volume, more preferably 60 to 70% by volume. Further, in order to increase the strength after solidification, fiber reinforcing materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers may be mixed, and the binder material may be replaced with the above-mentioned soil, clay, or cement binder material, or In combination, an adhesive substance such as a resinous adhesive can also be used. In short, the method for solidification is not questioned, and it is sufficient if it has porosity that allows water, air, and vapor to pass through after solidification.

  As shown schematically in FIG. 5, the outer wall material 100 is used as a vertical outer wall or an inclined outer wall of a building or a building A such as a general house. Although it may be used for the entire outer wall of the building A, it may be used as a part of the outer wall, such as for the outer wall excluding the north side. Although the fixing method as an outer wall is not ask | required, in practice, it is necessary to perform waterproofing directly or indirectly on the back surface side of the outer wall material 100 itself. Further, it is possible to provide a color coating or antifouling coating such as titanium oxide on the surface side, but it is preferable to impart air permeability and water permeability to this coating or coating.

  In the building A according to the second aspect of the present invention, the outer wall material 100 is used for a part or the whole of the outer wall, and as shown in FIGS. Water supply means 300 is provided for supplying water. In this embodiment, a water storage tank 330 for temporarily storing rain water or cooling tower blow water drainage is provided on the roof of the building, and water is supplied from the pipe 315 drawn from the water storage tank 330 to the outer wall of the building. The material 100 can be supplied. The pipe 315 is provided with a branch pipe 320 extending horizontally at an appropriate height, and the branch pipe 320 is arranged on the back side of the outer wall member 100 so as to be along the upper edge of the row of the outer wall members 100 arranged in the horizontal direction. The water can be supplied to each outer wall member 100 from the nozzle hole 321 provided in the branch pipe 320. A valve device 310 is interposed in the pipe, and this valve device 310 is opened and closed by a command from a control device (not shown). The amount of water to be introduced into the pipe may be appropriately supplemented with tap water according to the required amount of water and the amount of water stored in the water storage tank 330. As proposed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, as the water source, bathtub drainage and pool drainage are temporarily stored in a groundwater tank, subjected to a certain water quality improvement process, pumped up to the rooftop, and stored in a water tank 330. Of course, it is also possible to use one. Moreover, the specific method of the water supply to the outer wall material 100 is not ask | required.

As described above, the Wakkanai diatom shale can contain water until most of the voids as large as 70% are filled, and can release water when necessary according to the relative humidity. Has a water storage function. When the piping valve device 310 is opened, the water discharged from the nozzle hole 321 of the branch pipe 320 penetrates into the outer wall material 100 until it fills the voids of the Wakkanai layer diatom shale included therein. If the thickness of the outer wall material 100 is, for example, 50 mm and the content of the Wakkanai diatom shale is 70%, 1.5 to 2.0 t / 100 m ² of water can be actually stored in the outer wall of the building A.

  On the other hand, when the relative humidity decreases in combination with an increase in the outside air temperature, such as during fine weather in summer, the Wakkanai diatom shale in the outer wall material 100 releases the stored water. At this time, since the heat of evaporation is taken from the building outer wall, the building outer wall temperature decreases or the increase in the outer wall temperature is suppressed. As described above, since a large amount of water is stored in the outer wall material 100, the effect of cooling the outer wall of the building or suppressing the rise in the temperature of the outer wall of the building lasts for a long time. Thereby, energy required for cooling the building in the summer can be greatly saved. Moreover, since the Wakkanai layer diatom shale contained in the outer wall material 100 is porous with a large porosity as described above, it has excellent heat insulation performance. Therefore, it is possible to contribute to the reduction of heating energy even in the winter season when the water is not actively stored.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of a laying material 200 according to the third aspect of the present invention. This laying material 200 is used by being laid on the roof of a building A such as a building, a street, a park or the like, and includes a crushed or granular form of Wakkanai diatom shale to form a panel or It is formed into a block shape and solidified. As the forming and solidifying methods, the same method as described for the outer wall material 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention described above can be adopted.

  This laying material 200 can be laid on the roof of a building, for example (see FIG. 5). Then, a large amount of water can be stored in the laying material 200 by wetting the laying material 200 with an appropriate watering device or water supply device. Thereby, the surface of the building roof can be covered with a large amount of water. Due to the decrease in relative humidity, the laying material 200 releases the stored water. At this time, since the heat of evaporation is taken from the building roof, the surface temperature of the building roof is lowered or the rise of the surface temperature is suppressed. By laying the laying material 200 on the building roof in common with the outer wall material 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to suppress an increase in the surface temperature of the entire building, and to reduce the energy required for cooling. It can be enormous.

  Since this laying material 200 also has porosity, as shown in FIG. 8, planting 220 such as lawn can be applied directly on the upper surface or after placing soil 210 of a predetermined thickness. . Once the laying material 200 is stored, the amount of stored water is large, so that it can be grown without dying planting without frequent watering thereafter. In this way, it can contribute to the greening of the building roof. This also contributes to a reduction in heating energy in the winter, since greenery suppresses radiative cooling in the winter.

  The outer wall material 100 and the laying material 200 described above according to the present invention contain Wakkanai layer diatom shale in a powder / granular form, and are molded and solidified into a predetermined shape by a predetermined solidifying binder, and as a whole have porosity. Is common. As described above, the outer wall material 100 and the laying material 200 can absorb and retain a sufficient amount of water to fill the voids of 70% of the Wakkanai diatom shale contained therein. A relatively large amount of a functional substance can be fixed and held inside the outer wall member 100, the laying member 200, or a solid material having an equivalent internal structure. That is, after immersing a solid material containing the powder / granule of Wakkanai diatom shale as described above in a liquid in which a predetermined functional substance is dissolved or dispersed, the liquid is infiltrated into the voids of the solid material. By drying, many functional substances can be held inside. Examples of the functional substance include substances having an air cleaning function, an antifungal function, an insect repellent function, an antibacterial function, and a herbicidal function, a fertilizer, and a fragrance. Preferably, among these functional substances, a water-soluble one is selected, and the above-mentioned functional substance is immersed by immersing the above-described solid matter in these aqueous solutions to infiltrate the aqueous solution into the internal voids, and then drying. To settle inside the solid. Since these functional substances penetrate and settle in a certain amount deep inside the solid substance, there is an advantage that the function imparted to the solid substance by these functional substances lasts for a long time.

  For example, if the above-mentioned outer wall material 100 is provided with a fungicide function and an insect repellent function, it is advantageous because the building A is protected from mold, termites, and the like, and the effect is sustained for a long time. Moreover, it becomes convenient when planting 220, such as a lawn, on the upper surface as mentioned above by hold | maintaining a herbicidal functional substance and a fertilizer inside the above-mentioned laying material 200. FIG.

  Of course, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and all modifications within the scope of the matters described in the claims are all included in the scope of the present invention.

It is a graph showing the comparison with the specific surface area of Wakkanai diatom shale and many diatomaceous earths. It is a graph showing the comparison with the pore volume of the Wakkanai diatom shale and other diatomaceous earth. It is a graph showing the pore distribution characteristic of the Wakkanai diatom shale. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the outer wall material which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the building which concerns on this invention. In the building which concerns on this invention, it is explanatory drawing which shows the structure for supplying water to an outer wall material, and is a figure equivalent to the VI-VI sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the laying material which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other example of the laying material which concerns on this invention.

A Building 100 Outer wall material 200 Laying material 210 Soil 220 Planting 300 Water supply means 310 Valve 320 Branch pipe 321 Nozzle hole

Claims (11)

  The outer wall material characterized by containing what was pulverized and granulated or pulverized from the Wakkanai diatom shale and formed into a panel shape as a whole.   The outer wall material according to claim 1, comprising a Wakkanai layer diatom shale pulverized into a granular or powder form and fired together with a binder material for firing.   The outer wall material according to claim 1, comprising a Wakkanai layer diatom shale pulverized into a granular or powder form, and molded and solidified with a cement binder material.   A building, wherein the outer wall material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used, and means for supplying water to the outer wall material is provided.  A laying material characterized by containing crushed Wakkanai diatom shale in a granular or powder form, and being molded into a panel or block as a whole.  The laying material according to claim 5, comprising a Wakkanai layer diatom shale pulverized into a granular or powdered form and fired together with a firing binder material.  The laying material according to claim 5, comprising a Wakkanai layer diatom shale pulverized into a granular or powder form, and molded and solidified with a cement binder material.  The laying material according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a plant is grown on the upper surface.  Containing crushed Wakkanai diatom shale in granular or powder form, it is formed into a block as a whole, and the specified functional substance is retained in the voids of the Wakkanai diatom shale A functional solid material.  The functional solid according to claim 9, wherein the functional substance is a substance selected from a substance having an air cleaning function, an antifungal function, an insect repellent function, an antibacterial function, and a herbicidal function, a fertilizer, and a fragrance.  It is a manufacturing method of the functional solid thing according to claim 9 or 10, Comprising: While the Wakkanai layer diatom shale is crushed and made into granular or powder form, the molded object made into block shape as a whole A method for producing a functional solid, which comprises dipping in a liquid in which a functional substance is dissolved or dispersed, allowing the molded product to absorb the liquid, and drying the molded product.

Images