JP2003139451A - Cooling member and structure using cooling member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material that can be cooled by heat of vaporization in a material usable as a wall surface of a structure and the like. SOLUTION: A waterbearing member body 2 is formed from the waterbearing material such as a burnt material, concrete mortar and a soil wall, and the waterbearing member body 2 is infiltrated with water via a header 3a or via a water feed pipe 3b buried in the body 2. The infiltrating water vaporizes from a vaporization surface 2A to draw heat of vaporization and cool the waterbearing member body 2. A non-vaporization surface 2B is set as an inner side of a structure such as a house to cause the heat of vaporization to cool the interior.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a member having a vaporizing surface on which a liquid such as water vaporizes and evaporates, and particularly to a member which can be suitably applied to a wall surface of a house or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, regardless of whether a house we live in is a wooden structure or a concrete structure, an air conditioner is often installed to provide air conditioning and heating in response to changes in temperature. It is supposed to be done.

As heating means, there are various kinds of means such as heating and cooling of an air conditioner, which is commonly called an air conditioner, as well as those utilizing resistance heat generation of electricity such as combustion of gas and oil, electric stove, etc. There is a practical upper limit to the method of operating the cooling / heating device by using the compression / expansion of the medium to perform the cooling operation, or operating the cooling-only machine commonly called a cooler.

[0004]

The above-mentioned air conditioner is a device that consumes a large amount of energy such as electric energy. Especially, in a concrete structure having a high airtightness, it is necessary to consume a large amount of energy for cooling in the summer. Is what we know very well.

Here, cooling means to move heat from a low temperature part to a high temperature part contrary to the law of heat transfer, and in order to realize this transfer, a compressor such as a compressor for compressing a medium involved in heat transfer is used. A large amount of energy is consumed to drive the device. In addition to the amount of heat transferred from the low temperature part to the high temperature part, the heat generated as a result of operating each mechanism of the cooling device is discharged to the transfer destination of the heat thus transferred. For this reason, a large amount of heat is discharged to the destination of the heat and the environmental temperature rises. Further, in response to the increase in the environmental temperature, a vicious cycle of operating the air conditioner further occurs, and particularly in urban areas, the cooling is performed. It is well known to us that the heat emitted from the device raises the environmental temperature in a wide range mainly in the urban area, and the operation of such a cooling device is one of the causes of the so-called heat island phenomenon.

[0006]

The present invention has been constructed in view of the above problems. That is, the present invention has a member that can be configured as a part of a structure such as a house and has a structure that can be impregnated with a liquid such as water, and a water supply means for this member. The liquid is impregnated and the member is cooled by the heat of vaporization when the liquid is vaporized and evaporated from a predetermined evaporation surface, and the member is cooled by the heat of cooling directly or indirectly through another structure. And a cooling structure using the member.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The member (hereinafter referred to as "water-containing member") is a minute space such as a porous material so that a liquid such as water (hereinafter described as "water" including Examples) can be impregnated. It is composed of a material having a large number of.

As the material having a large number of minute spaces, for example, a fired material typified by bricks, a concrete mortar material or the like which has been previously molded into a specific shape, or a predetermined shape is used. Instead, it may be configured as a wall surface or the like at a construction site of a structure such as a soil wall. In any case, it is configured so that the supplied water is impregnated and has an evaporation surface for evaporating this water. The evaporation surface of water is defined as a specific surface corresponding to a structure such as a house, but this evaporation surface is not necessarily limited to one surface.

The water-containing member formed as a part of the structure is such that the supplied water permeates along the minute space and the impregnated water evaporates from a predetermined evaporation surface due to vaporization heat. Is cooled. The water-containing member is cooled by the cooling heat which is the negative heat, and the predetermined space of the structure is directly or indirectly cooled by another structure through the cooling heat.

There are various conceivable configurations of the water-containing member for a house or the like, but the interior of the house is cooled by, for example, arranging it as a house wall surface or in the vicinity of a member forming the house wall surface. Further, the humidity and temperature of the water-containing member should be detected to control the amount of water supplied to the water-containing member, and the fan should be controlled to control the flow of air on the evaporation surface to control the temperature. Is also possible. If necessary, an antibacterial layer (antibacterial surface) is formed around the evaporation surface in order to prevent the growth of bacteria in a humid environment.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A shows a basic structure of the present invention which is a first embodiment of the present invention. An arrow 1 indicates the entire cooling member, and the cooling member 1 is composed of a water-containing member body 2 made of a material capable of being impregnated with water, and a water supply means 3 for supplying water W to the water-containing member body 2. ing.

First, the water-containing member body 2 is a fired product having a minute space such as brick, or a concrete mortar material which is formed in a specific shape in advance.
Further, it may not be formed into a predetermined shape, and may be configured as a wall surface or the like at a construction site of a structure such as a soil wall. In any case, after the water-containing member main body 2 is molded, as long as the water soaked through the minute space is retained and can be evaporated from the evaporation surface described later, the material, molding method, etc. are not questioned. Absent.

When the water-containing member main body 2 is used as a wall surface of a house, for example, the water-containing member main body 2 itself functions as a structural material constituting a house such as concrete mortar material, and the wall surface itself is It is made of another structural material, and is configured to be close to the structural material so as to perform only the cooling function. Hereinafter, the water-containing member body 2
Is mainly used as a wall surface of a house.

As described above, the water-containing member body 2 is made porous, and one surface thereof serves as the evaporation surface 2A for evaporating the supplied water, and the surface opposite to the evaporation surface 2A is a layer for preventing the permeation of water. Is formed to form the non-evaporation surface 2B.

The water supply means 3 is provided for the water-containing member body 2 having such a structure. The water supply means 3 can have various configurations as will be described later, but in short, the configuration does not matter as long as it is a configuration capable of impregnating and supplying water to the water-containing member main body 2.

In the structure shown in the drawing, the water supply header 3a is arranged in the depth direction with respect to the upper end of the water-containing member main body 2 and is drilled in the longitudinal direction of the water supply header 3 (depth direction in the drawing). The water W is supplied from the small holes 3a '. The water W supplied from each of the small holes 3a 'infiltrates the water-containing member body 2 almost uniformly by gravity and capillary action, and appropriately evaporates from the evaporation surface 2A to remove the heat of vaporization from the water-containing member body 2. The water-containing member body 2 is cooled. This negative heat is transferred to the inside of the room via the non-evaporating surface 2B, and cools the inside of the room. Although the same applies to the following configurations, since the supplied water can infiltrate the entire water-containing member main body 2 mainly by the capillary phenomenon,
Besides arranging the water-containing member main body 2 in the vertical direction as a wall surface, the water-containing member main body 2 can be used as a cooling means even if it is horizontally arranged as a ceiling surface or a floor surface.

FIGS. 1 (B) and 1 (C) show a second embodiment in which a water supply means having a different structure is provided for the water-containing member main body 2. Reference numeral 3b is the water supply header 3
A plurality of water supply pipes connected to a are embedded in the water-containing member main body 2. The water supply pipe 3b has a small hole 3b '.
The water W supplied through the header 3a seeps out from the small holes 3b 'of the water supply pipes 3b, infiltrates into the water-containing member body 2, and vaporizes and evaporates from the evaporation surface 2A. In the case of this configuration, the water supply pipes 3b are arranged in the plurality of water-containing members 2 so that the water can be supplied to the water-containing member main body 2 more evenly. Further, even when the evaporation from the evaporation surface 2A is severe, it is possible to easily realize the supply of water corresponding to the evaporation amount.

FIG. 2A shows a third embodiment. Reference numeral 4 in the drawing denotes a water tank, which is arranged below the water-containing member body 2. 5 is a water tank 4 due to the capillary phenomenon such as non-woven fabric
It is an intervening member for supplying the water contained therein to the water-containing member main body 2. The water W in the water tank 4 is supplied to the water-containing member main body 2 side through the intervening member 5 by the capillary phenomenon, and further infiltrates and rises in the water-containing member main body 2 by the capillary phenomenon.

Although this construction is inferior to the above-mentioned two constructions in terms of adjustment of water supply quantity and supply quantity per unit time to the water-containing member main body 2, the construction is extremely simple and, for example, a rain gutter or the like. By connecting the rainwater drainage route and the water tank 4, there is an advantage that the rainwater can be used as the evaporated water W.

FIG. 2B shows a fourth embodiment. In the figure, reference numeral 6 is a spray header. In the configuration of the figure, three spray headers are arranged in the vertical direction, and The water W is directly jetted and supplied to the evaporation surface 2A. The water W is normally jetted intermittently, the water W is jetted to infiltrate the water-containing member body 2, and the infiltrated water is mainly evaporated when the water W is not jetted.

In this configuration, in addition to the evaporation of the water W, the water-containing member body 2 is directly cooled by the water W jetted when the water W is jetted. In addition, when water is evaporated, water-containing components such as calcium mainly deposit on the evaporation surface 2A over time, and the evaporation amount of water on the evaporation surface 2A may decrease. According to this, the direct injection of water to the evaporation surface 2A prevents the growth of the precipitation component,
In addition, it can be expected that the precipitated components will be removed by washing.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show a fifth embodiment. Reference numeral 7 is a structural material that is the wall surface of the structure, and is made of a strong material such as concrete in order to bear the strength of the structure. The surface of this structural material 7 is shown in FIG.
A plurality of space portions 7A are formed so as to be inserted from the surface on the right side of the structural material 7 shown in FIG. Although the space 7A is formed in a cylindrical shape in the illustrated configuration, the shape is not limited to this.

Reference numeral 8 is a water-containing member filled and arranged in each of the space portions 7A, and is made of the same material as that of the water-containing member body 2 described above. The evaporating surface 8A of the water-containing member 8 is located on the front surface side of the structural material 7, and the rear surface of the structural material 7 is a non-evaporating surface 8B.

Reference numeral 20 is a water supply means for supplying water W to each water-containing member 8, and in the illustrated construction, the main header 2
0a and the sub-header 20 branched from this main header 20a
Water W is supplied to each water-containing member 8 from each sub-header 20b via the main header 20a. Incidentally, each sub-header 20b has a small hole for supplying water, which is opened in the water-containing member 8.

In the above structure, since part of the structural material 7 is the water-containing member 8, it is basically unnecessary to form the wall surface into a double structure of the structural material and the water-containing member.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show a sixth embodiment. Reference numeral 9 in the figure denotes a water tank that is embedded in the water-containing member main body 2. A small hole 9a is formed in the water tank 9, but the small hole 9a is mainly formed only at a position lowered from the upper surface portion of the water tank to a predetermined height. Thereby, the water level of the water W in the water tank 9 does not fall below the height H due to the infiltration of water into the water-containing member main body 2 through the small holes 9a.

By supplying the water W, the water in the water tank 9 permeates the water-containing member main body 2 through the small holes 9a and evaporates from the evaporation surface 2A. On the other hand, when the supply of the water W from the header 3a to the water tanks 9 is stopped, the water infiltration from the small holes 9a reaches the water level H and the water W to the water-containing member body 2 is stopped.
The infiltration of the water is stopped, and the predetermined water level H is maintained except that the vaporized water vapor in the water tank 9 slightly flows out from the small holes 9a.

The above state is particularly effective for keeping the wall surface warm in winter. That is, since the water is stored in the water tank 9 on the wall surface, the heat capacity of the entire wall surface becomes very large. Therefore, for example, the wall surface that has been heated by sunlight on the wall surface in the daytime can maintain an appropriate temperature even at night due to its high heat capacity, and can exert a heat retaining effect that can prevent a rapid decrease in indoor temperature. Is possible.

FIG. 4C shows a seventh embodiment. In this embodiment, the water supply path itself is used as a reinforcing material for the structural material. Reference numeral 10 denotes a water supply pipe, which is formed, for example, in a lattice shape as shown in the drawing so that the water supply pipe 10 itself is configured to maintain the physical strength of the structure, such as a reinforcing bar of a reinforcing bar structure. ing. Although not shown in the figure, the water supply pipe 10 is provided with a number of small holes so that water is uniformly supplied to the entire water-containing member main body 2. It should be noted that the strength of the structure may be further increased by inserting diagonally diagonal braces in at least a part of the grid of the water supply pipe 10.

FIG. 5 shows a water-containing member configured to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Since the water-containing member is supplied with water and is in a wet state, mildew is easily generated around the evaporation surface and various bacteria are easily propagated. FIG. 5 (A) shows an eighth embodiment in which a layer 2C having antibacterial and antifungal properties (hereinafter simply referred to as "antibacterial layer") 2C is formed on the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2. .

The antibacterial layer 2C is formed by a method such as spraying a resin containing a bactericide or a fungicide on the evaporation surface 2A, or applying a bactericide or a fungicide. Naturally, the resin layer is formed by spraying so that the resin, which becomes fine particles, adheres to the evaporation surface so that the resin layer itself becomes porous and does not block the small holes on the evaporation surface 2A. This is because

Although not shown, a sterilizing agent and a fungicide are previously kneaded with the constituent material of the water-containing member main body 2 so that the whole water-containing member main body 2 has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Is also possible.

FIG. 5B shows a ninth embodiment. Reference numeral 11 in the figure is a germicidal lamp that emits ultraviolet rays,
By irradiating the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2 with ultraviolet rays UV, the portion around the evaporation surface 2A is sterilized (mold proof). Including Example 7, when the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member body 2 is exposed to the outside, antibacterial and antifungal treatments can be performed by appropriately spraying an antibacterial agent or antifungal agent. However, as will be described later, when the evaporation surface 2A is covered with the outer wall surface, it is difficult to directly spray as described above. Therefore, the antibacterial treatment and the fungicidal treatment as in Examples 7 and 8 are performed. It is desirable to apply in advance.

FIG. 6 shows a tenth embodiment, which is constructed so that the temperature of the water-containing member main body 2 can be controlled. A humidity sensor 12 for detecting the humidity of the water-containing member body 2 and a temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the water-containing member body 2 are arranged in the water-containing member body 2. Reference numeral 14 is a fan that allows air Ai to flow through the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member body 2. Reference numeral 15 denotes a controller, which is the humidity sensor 1
2. By the signal from the temperature sensor 13, the amount of water W supplied through the water supply means 3 is controlled, and the air flow rate of the evaporation surface 2A is controlled by the control of the fan 14.
The temperature of the water-containing member body 2 is controlled by controlling the evaporation amount in A.

In the illustrated case, both the humidity sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 are arranged at one point, but both of these sensors 12, 13 are arranged at multiple points on the water-containing member main body 2. It is naturally possible to improve the detection accuracy. As for the water supply method for the water-containing member body 2, any method other than the configuration shown in FIG. 3A can control the water supply, and thus any of these methods can be implemented.

The configuration shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is as follows.
A specific example in which the water-containing member main body 2 is configured as a part of a structure such as a house is shown.

First, FIG. 11A shows an eleventh embodiment.
Reference numeral 16 is a wall body that is the skeleton of the structure, and is configured as a part of the structure by having a strong structure such as reinforced concrete. The water-containing member body 2 which is the main body of the cooling member 1 is attached to the wall body 16 via the non-evaporating surface 2B. By supplying water (not shown) to the water-containing member body 2 of the cooling member 1 in this state, water is evaporated from the evaporation surface 2A of the water-containing member body 2. A negative amount of heat due to the heat of vaporization is transmitted to the wall body 16 via the water-containing member body 2 and cools the room (the left space of the wall body 16) partitioned by the wall body 16 via the wall body 16. To do.

It should be noted that the cooling surface 2A of the water-containing member main body 2 can be exposed to the outdoor space and can be covered with the outer wall 17 including the embodiments described later. Considering dust adhesion to the evaporation surface 2A, it is more practical to cover the cooling surface as the wall surface of the house with the outer wall 17 rather than exposing it. When covered with the outer wall 17, it is desirable that the air Ai be caused to flow by the fan 14 or the like to promote the evaporation on the evaporation surface 2A as in the configuration shown in FIG.

FIG. 7B shows a twelfth embodiment. In the figure, the water-containing member body 2 is supported by the wall body 16 via a support heat transfer material 18. A space 19 is formed between the support heat transfer material 18 and the water-containing member main body 2, and the water-containing member main body 2 has both surfaces as evaporation surfaces 2Aa and 2Ab. The support heat transfer material 18 is a member having a function of supporting the water-containing member body 2 and transmitting a negative amount of heat of the water-containing member body 2 side to the wall body 16 side. As a material exhibiting both of these functions, a metal material having good thermal conductivity and a predetermined strength such as an aluminum material is effective. In addition, heat insulation is performed by disposing a heat insulating material in a portion of the support heat transfer material 18 exposed in the space portion 19 and a portion of the wall body 16 facing the space portion 18. The heat of vaporization released to the space 19 is insulated.

Also in this embodiment, a fan is arranged on at least one of the evaporation surfaces 2Aa and 2Ab to promote evaporation, and the outer wall 17 shown in FIG. 7A is installed on the evaporation surface 2Aa side. Of course it is possible. In this embodiment, the negative heat quantity is indirectly transmitted from the water-containing member main body 2 to the wall body 16 via the support heat transfer material 8. However, by forming the space portion 19, the evaporation surface of the water-containing member main body 2 is As the evaporation surfaces 2Aa and 2Ab, the area of the evaporation surfaces can be doubled, so that a higher cooling effect can be expected.

[0041]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is a material for cooling by the heat of vaporization of liquids such as water and a structure using the same material, and according to thermodynamics. Cooling material and structure using the same material are transferred because heat is transferred with cooling and does not consume artificial energy such as electric energy and does not give a special load to the environment. It becomes possible to provide.

Further, since the material of the present invention is constructed as a material for cooling, it can be used in various applications other than buildings, depending on its purpose.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member body showing a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member body showing a second embodiment, and FIG. ) It is sectional drawing by the AA line.

FIG. 2A is a sectional view of a water-containing member body showing a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view of a water-containing member body showing a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a cross-sectional view of a water-containing member body, and (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of (A).

FIG. 4A is a sectional view of a water-containing member main body showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a front view of a lattice type water supply pipe showing the seventh embodiment.

5A is a sectional view of a water-containing member body showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a sectional view of a water-containing member body showing a ninth embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a control system diagram of a water-containing member body showing a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7A is a sectional view of a water-containing member body and a wall body showing an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a sectional view of a water-containing member body and a wall body showing a twelfth embodiment. .

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Cooling member 2 Water-containing member body 2A, 2Aa, 2Ab Evaporation surface 2B non-evaporating surface 3 Water supply means 3a Water supply header 3b Water supply pipe 4 water tank 5 Intervening member 6 spray header 7 structural materials 7A (for filling water-containing material) space 8 Water-containing member 8A evaporation surface 8B non-evaporating surface 9 water containers 10 Lattice water pipe 11 germicidal lamp 12 Humidity sensor 13 Temperature sensor 14 fans 15 Control device 16 walls 17 outer wall 18 Support heat transfer material 19 Space Department

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Masao Ichikawa             18-14 Shinmei-cho, Gamagori-shi, Aichi F-term (reference) 2E001 DD04 FA03 GA08 HA00 HA01                       HA16 HE10 NA05 QA02                 3L044 AA04 BA09 CA11 DB01 DD03                       FA03 GA02 HA01 HA02 HA03                       HA04 JA01 JA02 KA04

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A material that cools itself by the heat of vaporization that accompanies the evaporation of a liquid such as water (hereinafter referred to as “water”) and cools the target object by the negative heat amount of this cooling. A cooling member comprising a water-containing member body to be impregnated and means for supplying water to the water-containing member body, and at least one surface of the water-containing member body is an evaporation surface for evaporating water. 2. The cooling member according to claim 1, wherein at least one surface of the water-containing member body is formed as a non-evaporation surface that prevents water from permeating. 3. The cooling member according to claim 1, wherein a water supply pipe for supplying water is arranged in the water-containing member main body. 4. The cooling member according to claim 3, wherein the water supply pipe is also configured to function as a reinforcing member that reinforces the strength of the water-containing member main body. 5. The water-containing member main body is provided with a plurality of water tanks, and water is supplied to the water-containing member main body through the water tanks. Cooling component. 6. The water outflow small hole of the water tank is formed only in a part of the water tank so that a constant water level is always maintained in the water tank. 5. The cooling member according to 5. 7. A water tank is disposed below the water-containing member main body, and a member capable of supplying water by capillarity is interposed between the water tank and the water-containing member main body. The cooling member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling member is configured to be supplied to the water-containing member body due to a phenomenon. 8. A structural material forming a part of a structure is provided with one or more space parts, and the space parts are filled with water-containing members to form water-containing members. 3. The cooling member according to 1 or 2, wherein water is supplied to the water-containing member. 9. The antibacterial and antifungal treatment is applied to at least the evaporation surface of the inside of the water-containing member main body and the evaporation surface of the water-containing member main body. Cooling component. 10. The cooling member according to claim 1, wherein at least the evaporation surface of the water-containing member body is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. 11. The water-containing member main body is provided with at least one humidity sensor and temperature sensor, and the control device controls the amount of water supplied to the water-containing member main body by detection signals of the humidity sensor and the temperature sensor. The cooling member according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: 12. The cooling member according to claim 11, wherein a fan through which air flows is provided on a cooling surface of the water-containing member main body, and the control device is also configured to control the fan. 13. A structure using a cooling member, characterized in that the cooling member is arranged in close contact with the body of the structure to cool the internal space partitioned by the body of the structure through the body of the structure. body. 14. The water-containing member main body is supported by the frame of the structure by a support heat transfer material having a heat transfer function and a support function for supporting the load of the water-containing member main body, and the negative heat amount of the water-containing member main body is supported by the support heat transfer material. A structure using a cooling member, which is configured to be transmitted to a body side via a heat material. 15. A space is formed between the water-containing member main body and the skeleton, and the water-containing member main body has an evaporation surface formed on both an outer surface and a surface facing the skeleton, which is a surface facing the outer surface. 15. A structure using the cooling member according to claim 14. 16. The evaporation surface located on the outer surface of the structure is covered with an outer wall through a space.
A structure using the cooling member according to any one of 3 to 15.