JP3181821B2 - Seaweed growth base material and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seaweed growth base material suitable for growing and proliferating useful seaweeds living in rivers and the sea.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many kinds of seaweeds prosper on coastal reefs in Japan. Many of these seaweeds are very useful as food for humans or as indispensable for fish growth.

However, in recent years, along with the development of coastal areas, rock reefs suitable for the growth and prosperity of seaweeds have been decreasing, which has become a problem. Also, in areas with reefs, rocks are covered with calcareous algae, or seaweeds are consumed by sea creatures such as sea urchins and abalones. "Iso Yake" is expanding and has become a serious problem.

[0004] In order to solve these problems, a reef covered with calcareous algae is destroyed so that useful seaweeds grow, and a new rock surface is exposed, or new rocks and concrete blocks are introduced. In addition, measures have been taken to remove sea urchin and abalone or keep them away from seaweed beds.

[0005]

However, each of these measures requires a large amount of labor and expensive equipment, and recovery of the seaweed bed requires a long period of time regardless of the measures taken. . The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a seaweed growth base material capable of easily setting up a seaweed growth site.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a seaweed growth base material of the present invention comprises a plurality of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic polymer, which intersect each other in a loop, and A composite body in which an opening molded article serving as a weight is inseparably integrated on one surface of a three-dimensional net-like mat-shaped structure in which continuous filaments are bonded at each intersection, and a specific gravity of 2.5 to 5. 5.

[0007] In the seaweed growth base material, the three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure has a large number of continuous synthetic polymer filaments each having a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm, each of which forms an irregular loop to each other. Intersecting and bending in the thickness direction, extending from one side to the other, the multiple continuous synthetic polymer filaments are adhered to each other at each intersection, and the surface has a large number of ridge-shaped peaks and The valleys and the valleys are mat-like structures having a porosity of 50 to 99% and a thickness of 10 to 100 mm formed on the back surface. It is desirable.

In the above-mentioned seaweed growth base material, the opening molding to be the weight is made of a material having a specific gravity of 3 or more, and the size of the mesh formed between the lattices is 4 to 200 cm.
² , and it is desirable to be a grid-like molded product weighing 5 to 100 kg per 1 m ² .

Further, in the seaweed growth base material, a continuous filament made of a thermoplastic polymer, which is not a continuous filament constituting the structure on the mat, orbits around a portion other than the opening of the molded article. The mat-like structure and the opening molding are inseparably integrated by being heat-bonded to the molded article and hanging down at the opening with the continuous filaments forming the mat-like structure. Is desirable.

[0010] The seaweed growth base material of the present invention has a three-dimensional net-like structure in which a large number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic polymer intersect each other in a loop, and the large number of continuous filaments are bonded at each intersection. On one surface of the mat-shaped structure, an opening molded product serving as a weight is laminated, a thermoplastic polymer is spun out from above the opening molded product as a continuous filament and dropped, and while the continuous filament does not solidify, It can be manufactured by inseparably integrating the mat-like structure and the opening molding by pressing with a nip roll.

[0011] In the above-mentioned manufacturing method, the three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure may be formed such that a large number of synthetic polymer continuous filaments each having a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm form an irregular loop. Intersecting and bending in the thickness direction, extending from one side to the other, the multiple continuous synthetic polymer filaments are adhered to each other at each intersection, and the surface has a large number of ridge-shaped peaks and The valleys and the valleys are mat-like structures having a porosity of 50 to 99% and a thickness of 10 to 100 mm formed on the back surface. It is desirable. Hereinafter, the contents will be described.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the seaweed growth base material of the present invention, a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure provides a place where seaweeds can survive and, when installed on a sandy ground, reduces the flow of sand. Work as a thing to do.

[0013] Such a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure has a structure in which a number of continuous filaments of a thermoplastic rigid polymer intersect each other in a loop, and the plurality of continuous filaments are bonded at each intersection. It is. Examples of such a mat-like structure include, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-26627, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-18662, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-25869.
A three-dimensional net-like body described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H10-260, can be used.

When the purpose of growing seaweeds such as eelgrass is to grow on a sandy ground with roots crawling on the ground, a mat-like structure that does not hinder the growth of stems is used. It is desirable to use. Specifically, each of a large number of synthetic polymer continuous filaments having a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm crosses each other in an irregular loop, and bends in the thickness direction to extend from one to the other, The large number of continuous synthetic polymer filaments are adhered to each other at each intersection, and a large number of ridge-shaped peaks and a concave groove-shaped valley between the peaks are formed on the surface. It is desirable to use a valley having a porosity of 50 to 99% and a thickness of 10 to 100 mm formed by forming a valley and a peak on the back surface.

[0015] It is desirable that the continuous filaments constituting such a mat-like structure have a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, the filaments are too thin and the overall strength of the mat is insufficient, and if it is more than 2.0 mm, the rigidity increases, and peaks and valleys are less likely to be formed on the surface of the mat-like structure. Not preferred.

The material of the mat-like structure is not particularly limited as long as it can be melted by heating to form a continuous filament. Polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene; polyamides such as nylon 6 and nylon 66; Polyester-based thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate can be used, and these polymers can be used alone or in a mixture of two or more. Among these, polyolefin-based polymers have relatively low melting points and can be spun at low temperatures.
Used conveniently.

This mat-like structure can be manufactured, for example, using an apparatus as shown in FIG. This apparatus has two or three rows of spinning holes in which spinning holes having a hole diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm are formed at intervals of 6 to 20 mm in parallel or in a zigzag pattern in which spinning holes are alternately positioned. And a carrier (12) arranged below the spinneret and having a peak (13) and a valley (14) on the surface.

When producing a mat-like structure, a synthetic polymer as a raw material is spun in a molten state from a spinneret as a continuous filament (2), and is spun at a speed lower than the falling speed of the continuous filament (2). The sheet is naturally dropped on the transporting body (12) moving in the direction of the arrow, and the layers are sequentially laminated while drawing an irregular loop so as to intersect with the adjacent continuous filament (2). Then, at the time of stacking, the continuous filaments are self-fused to each other at their respective intersections, and then cooled, and the ridges (13)
The mat-like structure (1) in which peaks and valleys are formed corresponding to the valleys (14) can be obtained.

At this time, if the continuous filament is too thick, it is difficult for the filament to hang down, and it is impossible to correspond to the valley of the carrier. Therefore, the diameter of the continuous filament is desirably within the above-mentioned range. . Further, if a plurality of spinnerets are provided, different types of filaments can be spun, and a mat-like structure composed of a plurality of types of continuous filaments can be obtained.

In the mat-like structure obtained in this manner, since a groove-shaped valley portion is formed, even if the seaweed such as eelgrass is used, the stem can crawl along the valley portion. Is not inhibited.

The porosity of the mat-like structure finally obtained is desirably 50 to 99%. If it is less than 50%, the gaps formed between the continuous filaments become small, and for example, in the case of seaweed that roots on sand such as eelgrass, it becomes difficult to pass through the roots. On the other hand, if it exceeds 99%, the strength of the mat-like structure becomes weak, and a problem occurs in terms of durability.

The apparent thickness of the mat-like structure is 1
Desirably, it is 0 to 100 mm. Here, the apparent thickness means that the mat-like structure is placed on a rigid flat plate,
Furthermore, it refers to the distance between flat plates when a light and rigid flat plate is placed on a structure. If it is less than 10 mm, the height difference between the peak and the valley becomes small, and the surface becomes flat, which is not preferable. It should also be noted that as the thickness decreases, the number of places where seaweeds take root decreases accordingly.
A mat having a thickness of 100 mm or more is not practical because it is difficult to manufacture and leads to an increase in cost.

Next, a description will be given of an opening molded product serving as a weight to be laminated on one surface of the mat-like structure.

The mat-like structure is made of a thermoplastic polymer, and it is difficult for the mat-like structure to sink to the seabed by itself, and even if it sinks, it may be washed away by waves, so it is necessary to integrate the weight. . In addition, since the mat-shaped structure is formed of a continuous linear assembly and has a large porosity, an opening is formed in the weight to integrate the weight with the weight, so that some kind of line is formed. It is necessary to pass the strip through the opening and entangle or tie it to the continuous strip in the mat-like structure. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the material serving as the weight is an opening molded product.

This opening molded product is desirably made of a material having a large specific gravity, such that the specific gravity of the composite when integrated with the mat-like structure is 2.5 to 5.5. It is desirable.

As a suitable material for such an opening molded product, there can be mentioned an expanded metal made of iron or stainless steel, a grating, or a lattice-shaped molded product made of a material having a specific gravity of 3 or more, such as a welded wire mesh.

In this lattice-shaped molded product, the size of the mesh formed between the aggregate portions is 4 to 200 cm ² per piece.
It is desirable that the weight per 1 m ² is 5 to 100 kg. If it is less than 4 cm ^2, it is difficult to integrate them, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 200 cm ² , the reinforcing effect of the lattice-shaped molded product is not exhibited, and it is difficult to obtain a molded product of 5 kg or more per 1 m ² . Also, 1
If the weight per m ² is less than 5 kg, the seaweed growth base material may move and escape due to wave energy, and if it exceeds 100 kg, it is difficult to carry and the workability is deteriorated, which is not preferable.

The thickness of the lattice-shaped molded product is 1 to 50 mm,
It is desirable that the width of the aggregate portion is 2 to 50 mm. If the thickness is less than 1 mm or the width of the aggregate is less than 2 mm, the molded product may be deformed, and the weight per 1 m ² is 5 kg.
It becomes difficult to obtain the above molded product. Further, when the thickness or the width of the aggregate portion is 50 mm or more, it is not preferable because it is difficult to handle and it is difficult to integrate with the mat-like structure.

[0029] The seaweed growth base material of the present invention can be obtained by laminating the above-mentioned opening molded product on one surface of the mat-like structure and inseparably integrating it.

The integration of the two can be performed, for example, using an apparatus as shown in FIG. The apparatus comprises a spinneret (21) for spinning a continuous filament (4) for integrating a mat-like structure (1) and an opening molding (3), and a smooth surface disposed below the spinneret. It comprises a carrier (22) and a nip roller (23). When integrating both, an opening molding (3) is laminated on the mat-like structure (1), and a continuous filament (4) for bonding is spun from above the opening molding (3), The carrier (22) moving at a speed lower than the falling speed of the continuous filament (4), and naturally falling on the mat-like structure (1) and the opening molding (3) placed thereon. Let it. And continuous filament (4)
In the aggregate portion (3A) and hang down in the opening (3B) to come into contact with the continuous filament (2) in the mat-like structure (1). Pressing with a nip roll (23) while not solidifying, continuous filament (4)
Is bonded to the mat-like structure (1) and the opening molding (3), whereby both can be integrated.

The integrated laminate is connected to a cutter (2)
It is cut in 4) to become the seaweed growth base material of the present invention. In the case of cutting with a cutter, if a small gap is provided between the opening moldings, a cutting point (6) is formed, so that the cutting can be easily performed.

The material of the continuous filament for integrating the two is not particularly limited, and a polyolefin-based, polyester-based, or polyamide-based thermoplastic polymer can be arbitrarily used. Particularly, a polyolefin polymer such as polypropylene or polyethylene is preferably used because it melts at a low temperature and exhibits excellent thermal adhesion.

When the openings are formed by this method, if the opening of the opening molded product is too small or the thickness of the molded product is too large, the continuous filament for adhesion does not hang down sufficiently from the opening. It is necessary to keep in mind that it will not be possible to be strong. In addition, since the porosity of the mat-like structure is reduced by that amount due to the continuous filaments hanging down to the mat-like structure side, the porosity of the mat-like structure after integration is within the range described above. It must be noted that

As an integrated method other than this method, for example, when a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure is manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. Opening and forming an open molding, spinning a continuous filament from above, letting it fall naturally, spun continuous filament from the opening of the opening molding, self-fusion at each intersection, and further nip roller (Not shown). According to such a method, the production of the mat-like structure and the integration with the opening molding can be performed simultaneously.

Further, the mat-shaped structure and the opening-formed product can be integrated by connecting them with a linear material such as a wire. This is a suitable method when you want to make a small seaweed growth base material.

[0036] The thus obtained seaweed growth base material of the present invention preferably has a specific gravity of 2.5 to 5.5. The specific gravity is calculated by dividing the weight of the base material by the volume of the base material. In a case where the porosity is large as in the present invention, the specific gravity is calculated as (1−porosity (%) It is necessary to calculate the specific gravity using the value multiplied by () / 100) as the volume. If the specific gravity is less than 2.5, it may be washed away by the ocean current. If the specific gravity is more than 5.5, it is difficult to handle, and the transporting and charging work becomes difficult.

This seaweed growth base material is put into the sea or river so that the open molded product is on the bottom of the sea (river) and used. In addition, when it is put into the sea, the area where it is installed is not limited, and it can be put into both rocky reef areas and sandy sea areas. And, for example, when thrown into a reef area,
Since the base material provides a new living surface, seaweed will grow on the base material. In addition, when injected into sandy waters, the base material covers the sand surface so as to block the energy of ocean currents due to waves, so that the flow of sand is reduced, and as a result, seaweed that roots in the sand like eelgrass Is prevented.

[0038]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.

In order to produce a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure,
An apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared. In the present embodiment, a spinneret (11) in which spinning holes having a diameter of 1 mm are formed at intervals of 10 mm and two rows of spinning holes are provided in parallel.
And a carrier (12) provided with peaks (13) and valleys (14) as shown in FIG. 3 was prepared. The distance between the carrier (12) and the spinneret (11) was set to 20 cm, and the moving speed of the carrier (12) was set to 2 m / min.

First, a polypropylene resin was prepared as a raw material. This is spun out of the spinneret in a molten state, and is spontaneously dropped onto the carrier (12) moving in the direction of the arrow at a speed lower than the speed of drop of the continuous filament (2) to form an irregular loop. The continuous filaments (2) group are sequentially accumulated while being drawn and intersecting with the adjacent continuous filaments (2) to form a transport body (12).
Crests and valleys were formed along the surface shape of, and the continuous filaments were self-fused to each other at each intersection during integration. Then, cooling was performed to obtain a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure (1) having peaks (1A) and valleys (1B) on the surface as shown in FIG. The porosity of this mat-like structure is 93.
%, Apparent thickness was 28 mm.

Next, a manufacturing apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 was prepared in order to integrate the mat-shaped structure and the opening molding to be a weight. The spinneret (21) used here is the same as that used when the above-mentioned mat-like structure was manufactured. Further, the speed of the carrier (22) was set to 2 m / min.

FIG. 5 shows an opening molding (3) serving as a weight.
An expanded metal made of iron such as was prepared. This expanded metal is a 8mm thick steel plate processed.
LW135.4mm, SW34mm, size is 90cm × 1
It was 81 cm in thickness, about 18 mm in thickness, and weighed 33.2 kg per m ² .

The mat-like structure was integrated with the expanded metal as follows. First, the mat-like structure (1) is continuously supplied onto the carrier, and the expanded metal (3) is laminated thereon, so that both move in the same direction at the same speed as the carrier (22). did. Then, from above, the polypropylene resin is spun from the spinneret in a molten state and allowed to fall naturally, causing the aggregate (3A) of expanded metal to circulate around the continuous filament (4), and at the same time as opening (3B). In (1), it was hung down and entangled with the continuous filaments in (1) in the mat-like structure. Then, while the continuous filament (4) is not solidified, the continuous filament (4) is adhered to the expanded metal (3) and the mat-like structure (1) by pressing with the nip roller (23). Integrated. Finally, this was cut with a cutter (24) to obtain a seaweed growth base material (5) of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the obtained seaweed growth base material. This base material had a porosity of about 85%, a weight per 1 m ² of 36.8 kg, an apparent thickness of about 50 mm, and a specific gravity of 4.8.

When this seaweed growth base material was put into a sandy area where no growth of seaweed was observed, six months later, seaweed rooted in sandy soil such as eelgrass crawls on the valley of the mat-like structure. It was confirmed that they were growing well while being let go. In addition, when this base material was put into a rocky reef area with remarkable rocky shores, various types of seaweeds were flourishing after 6 months, and a large number of small fish and shellfish were found around the area.

[0045]

The seaweed growth base material of the present invention is composed of a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure composed of continuous filaments. Large and easy to grow seaweed. In addition, its porosity is large,
Since good water permeability is ensured, it is possible to provide an excellent place for small fish and shellfish to live.

Further, when the seaweed growth base material of the present invention is placed on a sandy ground, the mat-like structure covers the sand surface so as to block the ocean current energy due to waves, so that the flow of the sand is alleviated and the roots are removed. The outflow of young seaweed that has just been grated can be prevented.

In the seaweed growth base material of the present invention, sedimentation in the sea is ensured by the open molded product.
An excellent seaweed bed can be provided for many years without being washed away by the ocean current.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an example of an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure.

FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing an example of the apparatus for producing a seaweed growth base material of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a carrier used for manufacturing a mat-like structure.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure used in the example.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an expanded metal used in an example.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a seaweed growth base material.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mat-like structure 1A Mountain part 1B Valley part 2 Continuous line 3 Opening molding 3A Aggregate part 3B Opening 4 Continuous line 5 Seaweed growth base material

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. One surface of a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure in which a number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic polymer intersect each other in a loop, and the plurality of continuous filaments are bonded at each intersection. A seaweed growth base material, which is an inseparably integrated composite of an opening molded product serving as a weight and having a specific gravity of 2.5 to 5.5. 2. The three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure, wherein a large number of synthetic polymer continuous filaments having a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm each intersect with each other in an irregular loop, and have a thickness direction. The multiple synthetic polymer continuous filaments are adhered to each other at each intersection, and the surface has a large number of ridge-shaped ridges and a concave groove-shaped portion between the ridges. The seaweed according to claim 1, wherein a valley is formed, and the ridge and the valley are mat-shaped structures having a porosity of 50 to 99% and a thickness of 10 to 100 mm formed on the back surface. Growth base material. 3. The aperture-forming product serving as the weight is made of a material having a specific gravity of 3 or more, the size of the mesh formed between lattices is 4 to 200 cm ² per one, and the weight per 1 m ² is The seaweed growth base material according to claim 1 or 2, which is a lattice-shaped molded product weighing 5 to 100 kg. 4. A continuous filament made of a thermoplastic polymer, which is not a continuous filament constituting the mat-like structure, orbits a portion other than the opening of the open molded product and is thermally bonded to the open molded product. And the mat-like structure and the opening molding are inseparably integrated with each other by being thermally bonded to the continuous wire constituting the mat-like structure by hanging down at the opening. Item 4. The seaweed growth base material according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. A surface of a three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure in which a number of continuous filaments made of a thermoplastic polymer intersect each other in a loop, and the plurality of continuous filaments are bonded at each intersection. A mat is formed by laminating an opening molded product serving as a weight, spinning and dropping a thermoplastic polymer from above the opening molded product as a continuous filament, and pressing with a nip roll while the continuous filament is not solidified. A method for producing a seaweed growth base material, comprising inseparably integrating an opening-like structure with an opening-shaped structure. 6. The three-dimensional net-like mat-like structure, wherein a large number of synthetic polymer continuous filaments having a diameter of 0.1 to 2.0 mm each intersect each other in an irregular loop and have a thickness direction. The multiple synthetic polymer continuous filaments are adhered to each other at each intersection, and the surface has a large number of ridge-shaped ridges and a concave groove-shaped portion between the ridges. The seaweed according to claim 5, wherein a valley is formed, and the ridge and the valley are mat-like structures having a porosity of 50 to 99% and a thickness of 10 to 100 mm formed on the back surface. Manufacturing method of growth base material.