JP3164558B2 - Waterproof construction method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waterproofing method capable of realizing a waterproof structure having excellent workability and excellent waterproofness and adhesive strength.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method of waterproofing a rooftop of a building or the like, a method of bonding a waterproof sheet formed in advance at a factory to a ground surface with an adhesive (sheet waterproofing method) is well known. Have been.

[0003] In the above sheet waterproofing method, if all the work is performed on site, not only is the effect of the solvent odor on the surroundings large, but also the drying of the adhesive applied to the sheet side is slow and inefficient. The application and drying of the adhesive on the waterproof sheet is not performed at the construction site, but by the installer in advance in a place that does not affect the surroundings, with the coated surface of the dried adhesive inside In many cases, a waterproof sheet is wound and brought to the site, or a factory pre-coated sheet formed with an adhesive film at the factory production stage is often used.

[0004] However, since the primer and the adhesive must be applied to the base surface at the site, odor is inevitably generated from the primer and the adhesive at that time,
It is a problem. In particular, when the construction site is indoors or in a densely populated house, ventilation takes a long time, which may adversely affect on-site workers, inhabitants, animals and plants near the site. Therefore, in order to prevent the generation of odor in the field, the use of water-based primers and water-based pressure-sensitive adhesives as primers and adhesives applied to the ground surface has been studied, and some of them have been put to practical use. .

[0005]

However, the above-mentioned water-based primer has a larger resin particle size and is less likely to penetrate into the substrate as compared with conventional solvent-based primers. The resin film does not provide sufficient cohesive strength, and when moisture evaporates from the base surface in that state, there is a problem in that the waterproof sheet is peeled off, leading to blistering. Further, when the surface of the base is fragile, even if the cohesive strength is developed, there is a problem that a shift occurs between the base and the waterproof sheet, which also tends to cause peeling of the waterproof sheet and accompanying blistering.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by using a water-based primer and a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, no odor is generated on site, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide an excellent waterproofing method capable of realizing a waterproof structure in which an underlayer surface and an adhesive layer are firmly joined with practically sufficient adhesive strength.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for applying a primer and a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive on a base surface in this order, and then applying the pressure-sensitive adhesive on one surface. In a waterproofing method in which a waterproof sheet obtained by previously coating and drying is applied so that its adhesive surface is overlapped with the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive coated surface on the base side and joined and integrated, the following primer (A) The first gist is a waterproofing method in which any one of the methods (1) to (C) is used. (A) A water-based primer containing a two-part reaction type epoxy emulsion as a main component and containing no cement. (B) A two-component reaction type epoxy emulsion and an aqueous primer mainly composed of cement. (C) Aqueous primer containing acrylic emulsion and cement as main components.

[0008] Among the waterproofing methods, particularly, a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the primer-coated surface is
A second aspect of the present invention is a waterproofing method comprising a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion as a main component, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to an adhesive surface of the waterproof sheet is a solvent-based adhesive containing a chloroprene rubber as a main component. The waterproofing method which is a pressure-sensitive adhesive
The summary of the

Further, among the above waterproofing methods, in particular,
A pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the adhesive surface of the waterproof sheet,
A fourth aspect is a waterproofing method, which is a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive containing a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion as a main component, wherein the waterproof sheet is made of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber and A fifth aspect is a waterproofing method formed of a polymer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride.

[0010]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

First, in the present invention, the primer used for coating the ground surface does not penetrate sufficiently into the ground surface,
A two-part reactive epoxy emulsion is mainly used as the primer, as it must be a practically sufficient adhesive force between the lower ground and the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive formed thereon. Aqueous primer (A) which does not contain cement as a component, aqueous primer (B) mainly composed of two-component reaction type epoxy emulsion and cement, and aqueous primer (C) mainly composed of acrylic emulsion and cement are available. can give.

That is, the two-component reaction type epoxy emulsion used in the water-based primer (A) is originally widely used as an adhesive, and is used for bonding with a base and a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive (especially an acrylic water-based adhesive). In addition to the good properties, the cured product exhibits a large cohesive strength to reinforce the base surface.

In the aqueous primers (B) and (C), the cement used together with the two-part reaction type epoxy emulsion or acrylic emulsion is as follows:
In order to reduce the drying time of the primer by mixing with the resin emulsion in a glue-like manner and increasing the adhesive strength and cohesive strength of the obtained cured product, and causing a hydration reaction with water in the resin emulsion, It has the effect of improving workability.

Further, the acrylic emulsion used for the water-based primer (C) is inferior in the cohesive strength and adhesive strength of the obtained cured product as compared with the two-part reaction type epoxy emulsion. And a cured product having sufficient strength for practical use.

The two-part reactive epoxy emulsion used for the aqueous primers (A) and (B) is a first liquid comprising an epoxy resin emulsion in which an epoxy resin is emulsified and dispersed in a solvent (usually water). And a second liquid composed of a hardener emulsion in which a hardener is emulsified and dispersed in a solvent. The two liquids are mixed at a construction site to perform reaction hardening. Examples of the epoxy resin include bisphenol A / epichlorohydrin type epoxy resin. Examples of the curing agent include polyamines such as aliphatic polyamines, polyamides, and modified polyamines. Among these combinations, a bisphenol-type epoxy resin emulsion (solid content concentration: 30 to 70% by weight), an aliphatic polyamine-based curing agent (solid content concentration: 30 to 70% by weight, active hydrogen amount: 100 to 400) A combination of the above is preferred.

In the above-mentioned epoxy emulsion, water is usually used as a dispersion solvent for the first liquid and the second liquid. In some cases, an organic solvent which is easily soluble in water may be used in combination. Examples of such organic solvents include isopropyl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and acetic acid. , Acetates of the alcohols,
Examples of the carbitol acetates and the above-mentioned cellosolve acetates. When such an organic solvent is used in combination, it is desirable to set the use ratio to 5% by weight or less based on the whole solvent from the viewpoint of preventing the generation of solvent odor. The same applies to other emulsions used in the present invention.

Examples of the cement used for the water-based primers (B) and (C) include not only general Portland cement but also various mixed cements based on this and added with an appropriate mixing material. Above all,
A high strength Portland cement, a very high strength Portland cement, etc. having a high hydration rate are suitable. These may be mixed with the resin emulsion in a powder state, or may be kneaded with a predetermined amount of water to form a paste and then mixed with the resin emulsion.

When the aqueous primer (B) is obtained in combination with the epoxy emulsion, the amount of the cement is preferably set so that the cement content is 75 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the epoxy emulsion. When the water-based primer (C) is obtained in combination with the acrylic emulsion, it is preferable that the cement is set to 25 to 75 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the acrylic emulsion. That is,
If the ratio of cement to the resin emulsion is too small, the effect of reinforcing the resin emulsion and the effect of promoting drying are not obtained much by the cement.If the ratio of cement is too large, the amount of water necessary for the hydration reaction is insufficient, The reason is that cement becomes a mere filler and the required cohesive strength cannot be obtained.

The acrylic emulsion used for the water-based primer (C) is a dispersion of an acrylic ester copolymer obtained by copolymerizing an acrylic monomer in a solvent.
Examples thereof include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate. Examples of the copolymerizable monomer used together with the acrylic monomer include styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate, ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, and methacrylic acid. Acids, itaconic acid and the like.

Among the above acrylic emulsions, it is particularly preferable to use a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion obtained by introducing one or more reactive side chains into the acrylic polymer. It is. That is, the self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion has a self-crosslinking (curing) property, excellent heat resistance,
This is because the cured product has water resistance and alkali resistance.

The water-based primers (A) to (C) used in the present invention may further contain, if necessary, tackifiers (so-called tackifiers), inorganic fillers, pigments, etc., in addition to the above main components. Is done.

Examples of the tackifier include known tackifiers for suspension-type or emulsion-type acrylic emulsions in which rosin ester, polyterpene, coumarone-indene resin, alkylphenol resin, petroleum resin, etc. are dispersed in water with an emulsifier. Used. Further, as the inorganic filler, for example, calcium carbonate, silica, talc, glass fiber, or the like can be used. As the pigment, for example, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, mica, or the like can be used.

In the present invention, the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied on the water-based primer is not particularly limited as long as it is water-based. Similarly to the above, there are various kinds of emulsions such as those mainly composed of an acrylic emulsion (including a self-crosslinking type acrylic emulsion), those mainly composed of an aqueous emulsion of chloroprene, and those mainly composed of an aqueous emulsion of polyvinylidene chloride. can give. Among them, those mainly composed of an acrylic emulsion,
In particular, those containing a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion as a main component are preferable. That is, compared to other emulsions, the adhesive layer obtained by using an adhesive containing an acrylic emulsion as a main component is excellent in durability including weather resistance,
In particular, the adhesive layer obtained by using an adhesive containing a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion as a main component has excellent heat resistance, water resistance, and alkali resistance as described above.

According to the waterproofing method of the present invention, any one of the above-mentioned water-based primers (A) to (C) and a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive are applied in this order to a substrate to be waterproofed, and then applied to one surface. A waterproof sheet formed by applying and drying a pressure-sensitive adhesive in advance is bonded to and integrated with the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated surface. In addition, the pre-processing with respect to the said ground surface, the finishing process after laying a waterproof sheet, etc. can be performed suitably as needed. The processing method is performed according to a normal method.

According to the waterproofing method of the present invention, since the primer for the base and the pressure-sensitive adhesive which need to be coated on site are both water-based, no odor is generated during the operation. Therefore, the work can be favorably performed without adversely affecting the worker and the surrounding environment. Moreover, despite the fact that the above-mentioned water-based primer is difficult to penetrate into the base material, a cured layer that joins the base material and the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive on the waterproof sheet side with sufficient adhesive strength to both is provided. Since it is formed, the waterproof sheet does not peel or blister over time, and exhibits an excellent waterproof function over a long period of time.

In the above-mentioned waterproofing method, the coating amount of the water-based primer is usually 50, although it depends on the material of the base surface.
It is preferable to set to ４００400 g / m ² . That is, if the coating amount is less than the above range, the aqueous primer is absorbed and diffused into the base, there is a possibility that the adhesive strength of the adhesive to the base may be insufficient, and conversely, the coating amount is less than the above range If the amount is too large, a dried film having a small cohesive force is formed on the base surface, and as a result, the adhesive strength may be insufficient.

The amount of the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied depends on the material of the waterproof sheet to be superimposed on the coated surface.
It is preferable to set it to 0 to 500 g / m ² . That is, if the coating amount is smaller than the above range, there is a possibility that a sufficient adhesive area with the sheet-side adhesive may not be secured, and if the coating amount is larger than the above range, the drying of the adhesive is extremely This is because the workability is deteriorated, which is not practically preferable.

Further, as the waterproofing sheet used in the waterproofing method, various sheets conventionally used as waterproofing sheets can be used. Among them, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene- Either propylene copolymer rubber or vinyl chloride,
Alternatively, it is preferable to use a sheet formed of a polymer obtained by combining two or more of these. In particular,
Sheets comprising a blend of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber and butyl rubber are preferred. And the thickness of the sheet is not particularly limited, but usually,
Those having a size of about 0.5 to 2.5 mm are used. That is, if it is less than 0.5 mm, the reliability as a waterproof layer may be lacking. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2.5 mm, handling is poor, workability is reduced, and cost is not preferable.

As the pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the adhesive surface of the waterproof sheet, any conventionally used pressure-sensitive adhesive may be used.
It can be water-based. That is, the application of the pressure-sensitive adhesive to the waterproof sheet is not on site,
This is because the operation is performed in a factory equipped with facilities such as ventilation, so that the use of a solvent has little effect on the worker and the surrounding environment. However, if consideration is given to the working environment as much as possible, it is unavoidable to use no solvent. In this case, it is preferable to use a pressure-sensitive adhesive mainly containing the self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion. That is, as described above, the self-crosslinking type acrylic emulsion as a main component is superior in adhesive strength and alkali resistance as compared with a normal aqueous type emulsion. Also,
When a solvent-based adhesive must be used, it is preferable to use a chloroprene solvent-based one among various solvent-based adhesives. That is, it is excellent in compatibility with the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the base surface side, and high adhesive strength can be obtained.

The amount of the pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the surface of the waterproof sheet depends on the material of the waterproof sheet, but is usually preferably set to 50 to 250 g / m ² . That is, if the coating amount is smaller than the above range, there is a possibility that a sufficient adhesion area with the base adhesive may not be secured, and if the coating amount is larger than the above range, extra time is required for the drying step. It is necessary.

In the present invention, the material of the substrate to be applied is not particularly limited, but is generally a cement-based substrate, which is suitable for combination with the above-mentioned aqueous primer. .

Next, examples of the present invention will be described together with comparative examples.

[0033]

Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 A primer having a composition shown in Tables 1 and 2 described below was applied on a cement asbestos (slate) base at an application amount shown in Table 1 and the surface of the primer was coated. After confirming dryness to the touch, a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive having the following composition was applied thereon at 0.2 kg / m ² . And
After confirming the touch dryness, the vulcanized rubber sheet (JIS A6
008 standard product), a 0.2 kg / m ² solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesive having the following composition is applied in advance, and an adhesive precoat obtained by drying is applied. I got a body. JIS K 68 for these structures
A 180 ° peeling adhesion test was performed according to No. 54 to evaluate the adhesion strength between the base and the waterproof sheet. The pulling speed is 200 mm / min. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[Composition of Base-Side Water-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive] Self-Crosslinkable Acrylic Emulsion (GX-A71, manufactured by Kanebo Kasei Co.) 100 parts by weight Tackifier 50 添加 Additive 2 ２

[Composition of solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesive on waterproof sheet side] Chloroprene rubber-based resin 18 parts by weight Pigment etc. 7 {toluene 75}

[0036]

[Table 1]

[0037]

[Table 2]

From the above results, all of the products of Examples 1 to 5 show excellent adhesive strength as compared with the product of Comparative Example 1 using a simple water-based acrylic emulsion (self-crosslinking type) as a primer. I have. In particular, 8 assuming direct sunlight
The rate of decrease in the adhesive strength in the 0 ° C. atmosphere is significantly smaller than that of the product of Comparative Example 1, and excellent results are obtained after the product of Comparative Example 2 using the proven chloroprene solvent-based primer. Therefore, it can be seen that an excellent waterproof structure can be obtained which is hardly affected by water vapor generated in the underlayer even when exposed to solar radiation on a roof or the like for a long period of time, and is unlikely to cause peeling or blistering of the waterproof sheet.

[0039]

Examples 6 to 12 The composition of the aqueous primer was changed as shown in Tables 3 and 4 below. Otherwise, in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5, a waterproof structure for testing was obtained. And about these structures, the said Example 1-
A 180 ° peeling adhesion test was performed in the same manner as in Example 5, and the adhesion strength between the base and the waterproof sheet was evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

[0040]

[Table 3]

[0041]

[Table 4]

From the above results, it can be seen that, when the epoxy emulsion and the cement are mixed and used, it is preferable to mix the cement at 75 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the epoxy emulsion. When the acrylic emulsion and the cement are mixed and used, 2 parts of the cement is used for 100 parts by weight of the acrylic emulsion.
It is understood that it is preferable to mix 5 to 75 parts by weight.

[0043]

Example 13 and Comparative Example 3 A water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive having the following composition was applied on a water-based primer. Otherwise, a waterproof structure for testing was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 (Example 13). Further, as the water-based primer, a water-based primer containing only the self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion b used in Comparative Example 1 as a main component was used. (Comparative Example 3).

[Composition of Water-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive on Base Layer] Non-self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion (Gorex BT-M, manufactured by Kanebo Kasei Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by weight Tackifier 50 添加 Additive 2 ２

With respect to these structures, Examples 1 to
A 180 ° peeling adhesion test was performed in the same manner as in Example 5, and the adhesion strength between the base and the waterproof sheet was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0046]

[Table 5]

From the above results, it can be seen that a certain effect can be obtained even when a non-self-crosslinking type acrylic emulsion as a main component (Example 13) is used as the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive on the base side. Understand.

[0048]

Example 14 and Comparative Example 4 The following composition was used as a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to a vulcanized rubber sheet. Otherwise, in the same manner as in Example 2, a waterproof structure for testing was obtained (Example 14). A water-based primer for testing was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the water-based primer used was the self-crosslinkable acrylic emulsion b used in Comparative Example 1 as a main component. (Comparative Example 4).

[Composition of Waterproof Sheet-Side Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive] Self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion (GX-A71, manufactured by Kanebo Kasei Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by weight Tackifier 50 〃 Additive 2 〃

With respect to these structures, Examples 1 to
A 180 ° peeling adhesion test was performed in the same manner as in Example 5, and the adhesion strength between the base and the waterproof sheet was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0051]

[Table 6]

From the above results, it can be seen that a certain effect can be obtained also when a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is used as the main component as the pressure-sensitive adhesive on the sheet side.

[0053]

As described above, in the waterproofing method of the present invention, a water-based primer is used as a primer for a base to be coated on site and a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Therefore, no odor is generated during the coating operation, and the operation can be favorably performed without adversely affecting the worker and the surrounding environment. Moreover, despite the fact that the above-mentioned water-based primer is difficult to penetrate into the base material, a cured layer that joins the base material and the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive on the waterproof sheet side with sufficient adhesive strength to both is provided. Since it is formed, the waterproof sheet does not peel or blister over time, and exhibits an excellent waterproof function over a long period of time.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04D 5/14 E04D 5/10

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] A waterproof sheet formed by applying a primer and a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive on a lower ground in this order, applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side in advance, and drying the water-resistant sheet. In the waterproofing method in which the primer is overlaid on the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive-coated surface on the base side and bonded and integrated, wherein any of the following (A) to (C) is used as the primer: And waterproofing method. (A) A water-based primer containing a two-part reaction type epoxy emulsion as a main component and containing no cement. (B) A two-component reaction type epoxy emulsion and an aqueous primer mainly composed of cement. (C) Aqueous primer containing acrylic emulsion and cement as main components. 2. The waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the primer-coated surface is mainly composed of a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion. 3. The waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the bonding surface of the waterproof sheet is a solvent-based pressure-sensitive adhesive containing chloroprene rubber as a main component. 4. The pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the bonding surface of the waterproof sheet is a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive containing a self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion as a main component. Waterproofing method described in. 5. The waterproof sheet is formed of a polymer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, and vinyl chloride. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.