JP3153059B2 - Operating method of drying equipment for solidified waste - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for drying solidified waste (hereinafter referred to as pellets) obtained by kneading and compressing waste consisting of hydrates (for example, household waste, sludge, incinerated ash, etc.). The present invention relates to a method for operating a solidified waste drying apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, pellets formed from hydrated waste (eg, household waste, sludge, incinerated ash, etc.) are reused as fuel, soil conditioner, and other auxiliary materials for products. Various techniques have also been disclosed regarding a drying apparatus for producing pellets.

As one example, iron, glass and the like are separated from waste such as household garbage, and combustible garbage that has been selected is crushed, kneaded and compressed to solidify, and the solidified pellets are dried by a rotary dryer. There is something to do. Then, in the drying apparatus, the pellets are appropriately dried in order to reuse the pellets as fuel for power generation and district heat supply facilities.

[0004]

However, since the rotary dryer is used in the above-mentioned conventional drying apparatus, the pellets are moved while repeatedly colliding and agitating in the rotating cylindrical body. As a result, there is a possibility that the pellets solidified into a certain shape in the former stage may be crushed and powdered.

[0005] In this type of rotary dryer, since the cylindrical main body is placed horizontally and has rotary power equipment, the plane space for installation is large and the installation cost is expensive. There was a problem that it would.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to secure equipment at a low cost without taking up installation space, and to always maintain a favorable state as a reusable product. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a drying device for solidified waste, which can obtain solidified waste.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for continuously supplying and drying solidified waste obtained by kneading and compressing waste consisting of hydrates .
A vertical ventilation chamber having a plurality of ventilation holes for ventilation of hot air and accommodating the solidified waste in a stacked state from above, and a vertical ventilation chamber disposed below the vertical ventilation chamber; rotary for discharging the solidified waste inner
A discharge mechanism comprising a valve and a motor .
A drying device for solidified waste, wherein the solidified waste is dried.
Uniform discharge without uneven distribution in the vertical ventilation chamber
To rotate the rotary valve at a predetermined timing.
The inversion operation is performed by the gist.

[0008] Further , depending on the dry state of the solidified waste,
The rotation speed of the rotary valve may be controlled .

[0009]

According to the above configuration, solidified waste is continuously supplied.
The air is supplied and stored in a stacked state from the top in the vertical ventilation chamber, and dried by hot air that is ventilated through the ventilation holes. Further, the solidified waste is fed down to the discharge mechanism by moving down the vertical ventilation chamber by its own weight. At this time, since the solidified waste is transferred by its own weight, the solidified waste is less likely to lose its shape and crush.

[0010] Also, the rotary valve as emissions mechanism reverses the operation at a predetermined timing, solidified waste of the vertical venting chamber is discharged in a different direction with the reverse operation. That is, when the rotary valve rotates in a certain direction, the solidified waste fed to the rotary valve may be unevenly distributed in one place, but the solidified waste is unevenly distributed by inverting the rotary valve. Is prevented. Then, the solidified waste is uniformly fed to the discharge mechanism,
The dry state of the solidified waste in the vertical ventilation chamber is made uniform.

Further, according to the constitution of the second aspect , the solidification
The number of revolutions of the rotary valve is controlled according to the drying state of the waste.
Is controlled. For this reason, mold collapse and crushing are prevented, and good
Solidified waste can be obtained.

[0012]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a solid waste drying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a drying apparatus according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the drying apparatus 1 is roughly divided into a hopper 2, a drying chamber 3, and a cooling chamber 4. On the upper surface of the hopper 2, there is provided a pellet input port 5 for inputting a pellet P obtained by kneading and compressing waste composed of water-containing substances (for example, combustible waste such as household waste and incinerated ash). The pellet P has a columnar shape as shown in FIG. 3 and has substantially the same size (2.5 cm in diameter × 5 cm in length in the present embodiment). or,
A triangular mountain-shaped distribution plate 6 is provided below the pellet input port 5, and the pellets P input from the input port 5 are distributed by the distribution plate 6 in two directions, left and right in FIG. 1. ing.

An intake port 7 for sucking hot air is provided at the front of the drying chamber 3, and an exhaust port 8 for discharging hot air inside the drying chamber 3 is provided on both side surfaces. Vertical drying chambers 9A and 9B are provided in the drying chamber 3 in two rows, and the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B are provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 10 for ventilating hot air.

On the other hand, in the cooling chamber 4, rotary valves 11A and 11B are provided below the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B (pellet discharge side). FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the rotary valves 11A and 11B as viewed from the front.
Each of the rotary valves 11A and 11B has a radially extending partition plate 19, and the partition plate 19 defines a plurality of (eight in the figure) compartments 12. The rotary shafts 41 of the rotary valves 11A and 11B are connected to RV (rotary valve) motors 13A and 13B. Therefore, the pellets P fed from the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B once enter the compartment 12 and then the rotary valve 1
It falls down with rotation of 1A and 11B. In this embodiment, a discharge mechanism is constituted by the rotary valves 11A and 11B and the RV motors 13A and 13B.

A screw conveyor 14 is disposed below the rotary valves 11A and 11B. A screw motor 15 of the screw conveyor 15 is connected to a motor 17 for the conveyor. On the screw shaft 15, spiral blades 16 </ b> A and 16 </ b> B that are wound in opposite directions are provided on the left and right sides in FIG. 2. Accordingly, when the screw conveyor 14 operates, the pellets P are guided toward the center by the spiral blades 16A and 16B, and are discharged from the pellet discharge port 18 formed below the cooling chamber 4.

On the other hand, in FIG.
Is connected to a hot-air generating furnace 20 and a dilution fan 21 via an intake passage 22, and the hot air generated in the hot-air generating furnace 20 and the air supplied by the dilution fan 21 are passed through the intake passage 22. They are mixed and supplied to the drying chamber 3. The air amount of the dilution fan 21 is adjusted by the opening degree of the opening / closing damper 42. A hot air temperature sensor 23 for detecting the temperature of the hot air is provided in the middle of the intake passage 22.

The exhaust port 8 of the drying chamber 3 has an exhaust passage 24
The suction fan 29 is connected to the exhaust passage 24 via an opening / closing damper 25. That is, the exhaust passage 2
The inside of 4 is always maintained in a negative pressure state by a suction fan 29, and the negative pressure can be adjusted by the opening degree of the opening / closing damper 25 by the damper motor 26. Exhaust passage 24
A pressure sensor 27 for detecting the pressure in the exhaust passage 24 and an exhaust gas temperature sensor 28 for detecting the exhaust gas temperature are provided in the middle. A dust collector 31 is connected to the downstream side of the suction fan 29 via an opening / closing damper 30, and the dust in the exhaust is removed by the dust collector 31.

Further, a circulation passage 34 is branched and connected to the downstream side of the suction fan 29, and the hot air generator 20 is connected to the circulation passage 34 via an opening / closing damper 32. The opening / closing damper 32 is opened / closed by a damper motor 33, and exhaust gas is circulated according to the opening degree of the opening / closing damper 32 and supplied to the hot air generator 20.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the drying apparatus 1. As shown in FIG. The controller 35 includes a well-known CPU,
A microcomputer including a ROM, a RAM, an I / O port, and the like. The controller 35 includes a hot air temperature sensor 23, a pressure sensor 27, and an exhaust temperature sensor 2.
8 are inputted. Further, various motors 13 </ b> A, 13 </ b> A are connected to the controller 35 via drive circuits 36 to 40.
B, 26, 33 and the hot air generator 20 are connected,
They are driven based on a control signal from the controller 35.

Next, the operation of the drying apparatus 1 in this embodiment will be described. The pellets P before drying are supplied in a fixed amount from a pellet molding machine (not shown), and are charged into the drying device 1 through a pellet charging port 5. And the same pellet P
Are distributed to one of the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B by the distribution plate 6, and are housed in a laminated state in the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B. Then, the pellets P are dried by passing hot air between the pellets P stacked in the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B. In the case of the present embodiment, the moisture content of the pellet P, which is about 40% WB, is about 10% before drying by the through-air drying in the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B.
Reduced to WB.

Then, the pellet P is supplied to the rotary valve 11.
A and 11B are supplied to the compartment 12 and the rotary valve 1
It is discharged to the downstream side (the screw conveyor 14 side) with the rotation of 1A and 11B (see FIG. 7). At this time, since the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B are of vertical type, the pellets P are transferred without difficulty by their own weight, so that the pellets are prevented from being broken or crushed during the transfer. In the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the rotary valves 11A and 11B is set to about 10 rpm, and the time (drying time) from when the pellets P are charged through the pellet inlet 5 to when they are discharged from the rotary valves 11A and 11B is It is about 100 minutes.

Thereafter, the pellets P discharged from the rotary valves 11A and 11B are cooled when guided to the pellet discharge port 18 by the screw conveyor 14, and discharged from the discharge port 18.

On the other hand, the controller 35
The various motors 13A, 13B, 26, 33 and the hot-air generating furnace 20 are controlled as follows. (1) Hot air temperature control in the intake passage 22 The controller 35 adjusts the amount of circulating air from the suction fan 29 to maintain the hot air temperature in the intake passage 22 at a predetermined value (140 ° C. in this embodiment). I do. That is, if the hot air temperature in the intake passage 22 detected by the hot air temperature sensor 23 is 140 ° C. or higher, the controller 35 drives the damper motor 33 to increase the opening degree of the opening / closing damper 32. That is, the amount of circulating air is increased. Also, the intake passage 22
If the temperature of the hot air inside is lower than 140 ° C., the controller 35 drives the damper motor 33 to reduce the opening of the opening / closing damper 32. That is, the amount of circulating air is reduced. (2) Pressure control of the exhaust passage 24 The controller 35 opens and closes the open / close damper 25 provided in the exhaust passage 24 so as to maintain the pressure in the exhaust passage 24 at a predetermined negative pressure (−10 mmAg in this embodiment). Control the degree. That is, the exhaust passage 2 detected by the pressure sensor 27
If the pressure in 4 is −10 mmAg or more, the controller 35 drives the damper motor 26 to increase the opening of the opening / closing damper 25. That is, the suction amount of the suction fan 29 is increased to lower the pressure in the exhaust passage 24. or,
If the pressure in the exhaust passage 24 is smaller than −10 mmAg, the controller 35 drives the damper motor 26 to reduce the opening of the opening / closing damper 25. That is, the pressure in the exhaust passage 24 is increased by reducing the suction amount of the suction fan 29. (3) Exhaust Temperature Control of Exhaust Passage 24 The controller 35 maintains the exhaust temperature in the exhaust passage 24, which is a measure of the degree of drying (moisture content) of the pellets P, at a predetermined value (80 ° C. in this embodiment). Hot air generator 2
0 hot air generation amount is controlled. That is, the moisture content and the exhaust temperature of the dried pellets P can be represented by approximating the curve shown in FIG. Therefore, when the target value of the moisture content after drying is 10% WB, the target exhaust temperature in the exhaust passage 24 is 80 ° C. Therefore, the controller 35
If the exhaust temperature is 80 ° C. or higher, the amount of hot air generated by the hot air generating furnace 20 is reduced, and the pellets P are prevented from being over-dried. If the exhaust gas temperature is lower than 80 ° C., the amount of hot air generated by the hot air generating furnace 20 is increased, and the drying of the pellets P is promoted. The amount of hot air generated is adjusted, for example, by the amount of fuel oil in the hot air generating furnace 20.

By the above-mentioned respective controls, the hot air sucked into the drying chamber 3 is always kept at the optimum temperature and is efficiently ventilated, so that the drying efficiency can be improved. In addition, drying can be performed in accordance with the degree of drying of the pellets P, and undried pellets P can be prevented. (4) Control of Rotation Direction of Rotary Valves 11A and 11B The controller 35 transmits a predetermined time period (for example, 10 to 10).
The rotation direction of the rotary valves 11A and 11B is reversed at a cycle of 15 minutes). That is, the controller 35 drives the RV motors 13A and 13B to reverse the discharging direction of the pellets P in the compartment 12.

By this reversing operation, the ventilation chamber 9A,
The pellets P in 9B are uniformly supplied to the rotary valves 11A and 11B without being unevenly distributed on one side, and the drying state of the pellets P in the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B is made uniform. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
When 1A and 11B rotate clockwise, the pellets P in the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B are fed to the compartment 12 first from the one located on the left side in the figure. Therefore, the pellets P located on the right side in the figure are less likely to enter the compartment 12 and may be unevenly distributed in the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B. However, if the rotary valves 11A and 11B are inverted and rotated counterclockwise, the right pellet P is conveyed to the compartment 12 first.
By repeating this inversion operation, uneven distribution of the pellets P is prevented.

As described above, in the drying apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a uniform drying state and an improvement in drying efficiency. or,
As described above, since the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B are vertical, the pellets P are used in comparison with a conventional rotary dryer.
Of the pellet P can be prevented, and the pellet P in a good state can always be obtained. In addition, the installation area can be reduced, space can be saved, and the drying device can be installed at low cost.

Here, another specific example in which a part of the configuration of the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B in FIG. 4 is changed will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 8, a pair of left and right drop control plates 45 as drop control members are provided below the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B. This pair of drop regulating plates 45
It is constituted by an inclined surface having the same inclination angle θ in the left and right directions, and the falling of the pellets P is restricted and the load of the stacked pellets P is received by the drop restricting plate 45. . Note that the inclination angle θ is
The limit angle at which the pellet P can slide down by its own weight is set.

In short, the ventilation chamber 9A of FIG.
In 9B, the stacked pellets P are transported downward by their own weight while being dried by hot air passing through the ventilation holes 10.
In the drop regulating plate 45, the pellet P slides down along the inclined surface, and thereafter, the rotary valves 11A, 11B
Is sent to In this case, since the load of the pellet P above the drop control plate 45 is applied to the drop control plate 45, the load applied to the pellet P below the drop control plate 45 is reduced, and the crush of the pellet P due to the load is prevented. Is done.

The pellets P below the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B are in a brittle and fragile state because the drying is substantially completed. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the drop regulating plate 45 is moved to the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B. , The pellets P in a dry state can be protected by preventing crushing.
Further, since the load on the pellet P is reduced, the load on the rotary valves 11A and 11B is also reduced, and R
The load on the V motors 13A and 13B can be reduced.

In FIG. 8, a pair of left and right drop regulating plates 4 are shown.
5 is provided only below the ventilation chambers 9A and 9B,
Of course, more (for example, two or more pairs) may be provided. or,
The drop restricting member may be formed of a net-shaped restricting plate or a comb-shaped member.

Further, the present invention can be embodied in the following mode in addition to the above embodiment. In the above embodiment, the amount of hot air generated by the hot air generating furnace 20 is controlled according to the dry state of the pellets P. However, the number of rotations of the rotary valves 11A and 11B may be controlled according to the dry state. That is,
The controller 35 decreases the rotation speed of the rotary valves 11A and 11B if the pellet P is considered to be in an undried state, and increases the rotation speed if it is considered to be in an overdry state.

Further, a structure is provided in which cool air is supplied to the cooling chamber 4,
Cooling of the dried pellets P may be promoted.

[0034]

According to the present invention, not only is it possible to secure equipment at low cost without taking up installation space, but also to uniformize the shape and dry state of solidified waste, and to obtain solids that are always in a good state as a recycled product. An excellent effect that chemical waste can be obtained is exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view schematically illustrating a configuration of a drying apparatus according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a simplified configuration of a drying apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a shape of a pellet.

FIG. 4 is a front sectional view showing the configuration of the rotary valve in detail.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the drying device.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a moisture content in a pellet and an exhaust temperature.

FIG. 7 is a front sectional view of the rotary valve showing a state of feeding pellets.

FIG. 8 is a front sectional view showing another specific example of the ventilation chamber.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Drying apparatus, 9A, 9B ... Vent chamber, 10 ... Vent hole, 11A, 11B ... Rotary valve as a discharge mechanism, 13A, 13B ... RV (rotary valve) motor as a discharge mechanism, 45 ... As a drop regulating member P: Pellet (solidified waste).

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A solidified waste (P) obtained by kneading and compressing a waste composed of a water-containing substance and continuously supplying and drying the solidified waste (P).
To have a plurality of vent holes (10) for venting hot air, vertical ventilation chamber (9A, 9B) for accommodating the solidified waste (P) in a stacked state from above and the vertical vent A rotary valve (11A, 11B) disposed below the chamber (9A, 9B) for discharging solidified waste (P) in the vertical ventilation chamber (9A, 9B);
Motor (13A, 13B) a drying apparatus for solid formulated waste and a composed discharge mechanism by the solidified waste (P) the vertical venting chamber (9
A, 9B) for uniform discharge without uneven distribution
In addition, the rotary valves (11A, 11B) are
Solidification disposal characterized by reversing operation by imming
The method of operating the drying equipment . 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solidified waste (P) is dried.
The rotational speed of the rotary valves (11A, 11B)
The method for operating a drying apparatus for solidified waste according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is controlled .