JP3133985B2 - How to improve bottom quality of lakes and marshes - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for improving the sediment quality of polluted aquifers such as lakes, ponds, inner bays, and tidal areas of rivers, which have been eutrophicized by water pollution. The present invention relates to a method for improving the sediment by introducing a material capable of improving a pollution state into sediment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, bottom mud which has been anaerobic due to decomposition of accumulated organic matter, if left as it is, deteriorates water quality, and is removed by dredging. In some cases, a sand covering method is employed in which the deteriorated bottom mud is covered with high-quality sand without being removed.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned dredging method has a fatal drawback of damaging benthic animals and aquatic plants. In addition, the bottom mud removed by dredging is difficult to secure a disposal site because of bad smell, etc.There is also a method of reusing it for bricks, etc. Not generalized.

[0004] In addition, in the above-mentioned sand covering method, in addition to the cost problem, a large amount of sediment is poured into the bottom of the lake, so that the storage capacity is reduced in dam lakes and the like, and the water depth is increased in shallow water areas. There were many disadvantages, such as making it smaller.

On the other hand, recently, a method of improving the bottom quality by injecting chemicals capable of improving the bottom quality into the bottom mud,
A method has been developed to improve the sediment quality by directly introducing granular chemicals or the like that can improve the sediment quality into the lake bottom. For example, there is a method of injecting an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate into a reducible sediment of a lake or the like through a pipe to directly oxidize the sediment of the lake, or a method of directly charging granular calcium peroxide from the water surface to the bottom of the lake or the marsh.

However, in the method of injecting chemicals or the like into the sediment, although a predetermined amount of the chemical can be surely injected into the sediment, there are many obstacles on the bottom of the lake or a marsh or a working ship. And other places where equipment cannot be brought in,
There is a problem that it is difficult to adopt this method. Moreover, in order to improve the sediment quality, it is necessary to inject a high-concentration drug aqueous solution into the sediment, which has an excessive impact on the sediment environment and that part of the injected drug aqueous solution is in water. There is a concern about the adverse effects on the water environment due to leakage.

In addition, the method of directly introducing granular chemicals or the like into the bottom of a lake has the disadvantage that it is difficult to control the dissolution rate of the chemicals, and that it cannot be used except for chemicals that can be formed into granules.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional method for improving sediment quality using chemicals and the like. The purpose is to easily introduce sediment improvement materials such as chemicals and microbial materials to be injected into the sediment to improve the poor sediment environment. Of the material's sediment improvement,
It is an object of the present invention to propose a method for improving sediment quality of lakes and marshes, which can freely control the leaching speed.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of earnest research for realizing the above-mentioned object, the inventor has arrived at an invention having the following contents as essential components. (1) The method for improving sediment of a lake or the like according to the present invention is as follows: a container formed of a porous inorganic material is filled with a material for improving sediment, and the container is poured into sediment of a lake or the like, The material for improving the sediment of a lake or the like is characterized in that the material for improving the sediment in the container is eluted or leached into the sediment and diffused. In the above method for improving the sediment quality, ceramics are used as a porous inorganic material, and the material and thickness of the container and the sintering method are adjusted to control the elution and leaching rate of the material for improving the sediment quality. preferable. (2) The method for improving sediment of lakes and marshes according to the present invention comprises mixing a clay soil powder and a material for improving sediments and preferably molding the mass into a sediment such as lakes and marshes. The material for improving the sediment of a lake or the like is improved by eluting or leaching the material for improving the sediment in the molded product into the sediment of the sediment and diffusing the material. In the method for improving the sediment quality, the surface of the molded body is coated with a biodegradable material, and the thickness and density of the coating layer or the size of the pores formed in the coating layer are adjusted to adjust the thickness. It is preferable to control the elution and leaching speed of the material for improving the sediment quality.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The method for improving sediment of lakes and marshes according to the present invention can be applied to sediment only by spraying solids containing or containing materials for improving sediment from the surface of the water, and special equipment. Since the construction is not required, the construction is not only very easy, but also the bottom mud does not move much, so that there is no fear that the water quality during the work is deteriorated. Further, the method for improving sediment of lakes and marshes according to the present invention is not a method of removing sediment by dredging, so that it is not necessary to dispose of the removed sediment, and furthermore, the amount of input of sediment improving material is small. ,
Even when used for dam lakes etc., the water storage capacity hardly changes,
Even when used in shallow water, the water depth does not change significantly.

In the method of improving bottom material according to the present invention, in a method of filling a porous container such as a ceramic container with a material for improving bottom material, a material to be incinerated is mixed with a container material, and then molded and fired. By changing the water permeability of the porous container by changing the firing temperature, or by changing the water permeability of the porous container after firing by adjusting the firing temperature. The rate of leaching and leaching into the bottom mud can be controlled.
Further, in the present invention, in addition to controlling the dissolution and leaching rate of the bottom material improving material by changing the size and porosity of the pores of the container filled with the bottom material improving material,
By changing the material and thickness of the container, the elution and leaching speed of the material for improving the sediment can be controlled.

[0012] On the other hand, in the method of mixing a clay soil with a material for improving sediment quality to form a molded body, the surface of the molded body is coated with a biodegradable material or the like, and the thickness or density of the coating layer or the thickness of the coating layer is determined. By adjusting the size of the pores formed in the coating layer, the elution and leaching speed of the material for improving the bottom quality can be controlled. According to this method, it is possible to mold a medicine which does not solidify in a granular form as it is into a shape and a size which can be easily introduced, and to carry microorganisms effective for improving the sediment quality. Further, after the material for improving the sediment is eluted and leached, there is no residue other than the mud, which is a component of the sediment, so that the sediment does not deteriorate.

As described above, according to the present invention, the duration of the sediment improving action of the material for improving the sediment can be adjusted by controlling the elution and leaching speed of the material for improving the sediment. In addition, by gradually dissolving and leaching the sediment improving material, not only can the excessive impact on the sediment environment be prevented, but also the adverse effects of the leakage of the sediment improving material into water can be minimized. It becomes possible.

[0014]

EXAMPLES (Example 1) (1) First, 50 g of calcium nitrate was sealed in a cylindrical ceramic porous container having an outer diameter of 75 mm, a wall thickness of 15 mm, and a length of 200 mm. It was sealed with silicone. (2) Next, three water tanks containing 50 liters of tap water in a 90 liter plastic bucket were prepared. Of these water tanks, two ceramic tanks containing calcium nitrate were used. The porous container was charged, and one of the water tanks was kept in a hydrostatic state except at the time of measurement (case B), and the other water tank was constantly circulated with water (case C). In addition, three ceramic porous containers not containing calcium nitrate were placed in the remaining water tank as a control material (Case A), and a dissolution test of calcium nitrate from the ceramic porous container was performed (Table 1). reference). In addition, during the test, the water tank was covered with a cover so as to prevent entry of contaminants from the outside as much as possible. (3) Periodically, stir the water inside the tank well
A 300 ml sample is collected and its electrical conductivity is measured. Calcium nitrate (powder) sealed in a ceramic porous container
However, the situation of elution and leaching out of the container was confirmed. In addition,
The sample after the measurement was returned to the original water tank so that the amount of water during the test did not change.

[0015]

[Table 1]

FIG. 1 shows the test results. As is clear from the results shown in this figure, in the case A as the control material, the electric conductivity gradually increased until the 24th day from the start of the test,
It calmed down at 0.2 mS / cm. This is due to the effluent from the ceramic porous body itself. On the other hand, in case B in which the water in the water tank was kept in a still water state except at the time of sampling, the electrical conductivity continued to increase on the 66th day from the start of the test, but the rate of increase was gradually decreasing. . Also,
In case C in which the water in the water tank was constantly circulated, the rate of increase in electrical conductivity was higher than in case B, and this tendency was remarkable in the early stage of the test.

In cases B and C, the electrical conductivity considered to be due to the elution of calcium nitrate is:
This corresponds to the value obtained by subtracting the electrical conductivity of case A, which is the control material, on day 66. That is, the electric conductivity on the 66th day from the start of the test was 2.70 mS / cm in case B, and 2.75 mS / cm in case C.
mS / cm, the electrical conductivity due to the elution of calcium nitrate was 2.465 mS / cm in case B, and
In this case, it becomes 2.515 mS / cm. On the other hand, each tank has a total of 150
mg of calcium nitrate was introduced, and the electric conductivity when the entire amount was eluted was 2.96 mS / cm. Therefore, assuming that the calcium nitrate eluted during the test is present in the tank without any change,
In case B and case C, 83 to 85% of the input amount of calcium nitrate was eluted from the ceramic porous body. That is, since the electrical conductivity did not change much after 66 days from the start of the test, it is considered that the dissolution of calcium nitrate was almost completed in about 2 months. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively improve the duration of the bottom quality improving action of the bottom quality improving material.

In case B on days 44 and 52, the electric conductivity was measured by separately collecting the water around the ceramic porous body in the bottom layer and the water in the surface layer without stirring the water in the water tank. As a result, the results shown in Table 2 were obtained. As is clear from the results shown in Table 2, on each measurement day,
Although the electric conductivity of the bottom layer showed a large value, the electric conductivity of the surface layer hardly changed from the measurement result after the previous mixing. That is, it can be said that the eluted calcium nitrate diffuses only into the bottom layer. As described above, according to the present invention, a material for improving sediment, such as a chemical or a microbial material, can be easily put into the sediment, and the sediment can be effectively improved.

[0019]

[Table 2]

(Example 2) (1) First, dried clay and water / calcium nitrate were mixed and mixed at a weight ratio of 4: 1: 1, and the mixture was molded into a spherical shape having a diameter of 2 cm to form a clay. A molded product was obtained. Since this clay molding weighs 8.6 g per piece, its dry viscosity is 5.7 g.
g, water / calcium nitrate is 1.4 g. (2) Next, 200 ml of water was placed in a beaker, and two of the above-mentioned clay moldings were charged and allowed to stand. (3) 1 minute, 30 minutes, 1
After 2, 2, 3, 6 and 24 hours, the electric conductivity was measured, and the situation where calcium nitrate was eluted from the clay molding into water was confirmed. The measurement of the electric conductivity was carried out after removing the molded viscous product from the beaker and thoroughly stirring the water. Since the beaker and the molded viscous product after the measurement are discarded and not reused, the beaker and the viscous molded product are first prepared for the number of times of the measurement.

FIG. 2 shows the test results. As is clear from the results shown in this figure, the elution of calcium nitrate from the clay molding starts from an early stage, and the elution rate becomes slow after 24 hours. Here, 2.4 g of calcium nitrate molded into the beaker and put into the beaker is eluted, and the electric conductivity becomes about 13.8 mS / cm. In addition, the amount of calcium nitrate eluted in one minute after the injection is about 2% of the input amount. It is considered to be almost negligible depending on the water depth. Therefore, the elution amount after 24 hours is about 56% of the input amount, and it is considered that the elution gradually continues actually after 24 hours. As described above, the material for improving the sediment can be easily introduced into the sediment by the method of the present embodiment, and the sediment can be effectively improved.However, the dissolution test of calcium nitrate from the ceramic porous container is performed. As compared with the results (FIG. 1 of Example 1), the elution proceeds at a higher speed, and the time until the end of the elution is also shorter. However, the dissolution rate can be controlled by the quality and size of the clay.

[0022]

As described above, according to the method for improving bottom sediment of lakes and marshes according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the bottom sediment environment by improving the quality of bottom sediment such as chemicals and microbial materials introduced into sediment. The material for quality improvement can be easily put into the bottom mud, and
It is possible to freely control the duration of the sediment improvement action of these materials and the rate of elution and leaching of the materials into the sediment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing measurement results of electric conductivity in Example 1.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing measurement results of electric conductivity in Example 2.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C02F 11/00 B09B 3/00, 5/00 E02B 3/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. In the tidal zone of lakes, ponds, inner bays and rivers
To improve the sediment of polluted water bodies,
Made of ceramics , its material, thickness, pores
Rate, by changing the baking method in a container to adjust the permeability, filled with sediment-improving materials were charged and the vessel to the bottom mud,
Speed co elution or leaching sediment-improving material of the container
By diffusing into the bottom mud under Control, the bottom
A method for improving sediment of lakes and marshes, which comprises improving sediment of mud . 2. In a tidal zone of a lake, a pond, an inner bay, or a river.
In order to improve the sediment in the polluted aquifer, the clay soil powder and the material for improving the sediment are mixed, molded and formed on the surface.
It has a coating of degradable material and its coating
The thickness and density of the coating layer can be opened in this coating layer
That the size molded body was adjusted pore, the bottom mud to put, elute or leach sediment-improving material of the molded body during
A method for improving bottom sediment of lakes and marshes, wherein the bottom sediment of the bottom sediment is improved by diffusing into the bottom sediment under a speed control .