JP3055417B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument for converting performance contents into sound source drive information in accordance with the skill of a player.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electronic musical instruments are provided with various sensors in order to realize high expressiveness as musical instruments, and the volume, tone, effect, etc. of musical tone signals are controlled according to the detection values of the sensors. I have. For example, for an electronic keyboard instrument,
Conventional keyboards have only a sensor that detects on / off of each key, whereas recent keyboards have a sensor that detects velocity at key-on and a pressing force (after-touch) during key-on. A sensor or the like for detection is provided. For example, the volume and tone of a tone signal are controlled in accordance with velocity, and an effect such as vibrato is controlled in accordance with aftertouch.

[0003]

A well-expressed performance can be achieved by properly operating the performance operators provided with many sensors as described above. On the other hand, beginners with inexperienced skills are required to perform these operations. Many sensors may interfere with the performance. For example, beginners cannot control the strength of the key-on (velocity) well, so they cannot express a musical tone depending on the strength of the velocity. There was a disadvantage that the performance became more noticeable than childishness.

[0004] This is particularly remarkable in a physical model sound source that has been put into practical use in recent years (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-40199, etc.). The physical model sound source simulates the physical structure of the sound of a natural instrument, that is, the vibration of the strings of a bowed instrument, the vibration of the air column in the wind of a wind instrument, the vibration of the strings of the piano and the resonance of the frame, etc. by numerical calculation, The vibration waveform data resulting from the calculation is output as a musical tone signal. In an electronic musical instrument equipped with such a physical model sound source, the pitch,
In addition to the performance information (normal performance information) required for normal electronic instruments such as performance intensity (initial touch, after touch, etc.), note-on, note-off, natural instruments to be imitated, for example, bowed instruments, Bow pressure and speed,
For wind instruments, energy information such as embouchure and breath pressure
It is necessary to input performance information (special performance information) specific to the musical instrument to the sound source. With these information, the physical model sound source can give various expressions to the generated vibration waveform, but the energy information value must be maintained within a certain range to make the physical model perform stable musical sound generation operation. If the physical model deviates greatly from this range, the physical model will not operate properly. For this reason, in order for the physical model to perform a stable tone generation operation, it is necessary to perform the performance while finely adjusting the energy information, which requires skill.

For this reason, there has been proposed an electronic musical instrument in which the special performance information is converted so as to be narrowed down to a value in a range suitable for maintaining the tone generation operation of the physical model and supplied to a physical model sound source ( When the conversion range is limited in this manner, the change range of the energy information generated in response to the change of the special performance information is narrowed, and the player can perform the performance operation. The control range that can be controlled by the child is limited, and there is a drawback that even if the player becomes proficient in the performance operation by practice, the expressive power as a musical instrument cannot be improved. In addition, experienced players
In some cases, you may want to perform using a unique behavior of the physical model, for example, simulations such as faint sounds of wind instruments or harmonic vibrations of stringed instruments. there were.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to realize an electronic musical instrument capable of performing a performance suitable for both beginners and skilled players by changing the processing mode of performance information in accordance with the progress of the performance.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a performance operator for inputting performance information, and a performance for converting the performance information input from the performance operator into sound source drive information. Information processing means, a sound source for forming and outputting a tone signal in accordance with the sound source drive information input from the performance information processing means, and a skill of the player based on an operation mode of the performance operator or an operation mode of the sound source. The present invention is characterized by comprising a skill determining means for determining and a processing mode determining means for determining a processing mode of the performance information processing means based on the skill determined by the skill determining module.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the performance information processing means comprises means for processing input performance information into energy information, and the sound source is subjected to vibration simulation calculation in accordance with the input energy information. And a physical model sound source which outputs the calculated vibration waveform as a tone signal.

[0009]

[0010]

According to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, the performance information inputted from the performance operator is converted into sound source drive information by the performance information processing means, and the sound source drive information is given to the sound source to form a musical tone signal. The sound source forms and outputs a tone signal having a volume, tone color, and effect according to the given sound source drive information. Here, the processing mode determination unit determines the processing mode of the performance information processing unit based on the skill of the player determined by the skill determination unit. The skill is determined based on the operation mode of the performance operator and the operation mode of the sound source. The processing mode is determined so that, for example, for a performance with poor skill, a standard tone signal is formed for any performance, and for a high performance, the performance mode is not changed. It is determined so as to reflect on the tone signal. As a result, even a beginner can play, and a skilled person can realize an electronic musical instrument with very high expressive power.

The present invention has a physical model sound source, and the performance information processing means converts the input performance information into energy information. The physical model sound source does not output a normal vibration waveform unless the value of the input energy information is within an appropriate range. To be corrected. "
To be determined. By making such a determination, a stable performance can be performed even if a beginner who is not yet skilled in performance plays. On the other hand, for the skilled person, the processing mode is determined to be "conversion to energy information even when the performance information is out of the appropriate range by strongly reflecting the magnitude of the input performance information". With this determination, the degree of freedom of performance is increased, the expressiveness of the electronic musical instrument is improved, and a tone signal corresponding to a high performance skill is formed and output.

The operation mode of the physical model sound source used for the judgment by the skill judging means includes the level and frequency of the output vibration waveform and the number of overflows of the simulation calculation.

[0013]

[0014]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. This electronic musical instrument includes a physical model sound source 1. This physical model sound source 1 is a sound source in which the physical structure of vibration generation is simulated by numerical calculation. The physical model sound source 1 outputs the formed vibration waveform to the radiating section calculator 14. The radiating section arithmetic unit 14 feeds back the calculation result to the physical model sound source 1 and outputs the calculation result to D
The signal is output to a / A converter (DAC) 17 as a tone signal.
The DAC 17 converts the input digital tone signal into an analog tone signal. The analog tone signal is input to the sound system 18. The sound system amplifies this analog signal and emits it.

The physical model sound source 1 is an arithmetic unit for simulating the vibrating body of the musical instrument, and the radiating unit arithmetic unit 14 is an arithmetic unit for simulating the musical sound output unit and the resonance unit of the musical instrument.
Both are composed of a DSP. Physical model sound source 1,
The radiating section computing unit 14 can simulate any musical instrument by setting an appropriate algorithm and coefficient. However, in order to simplify the explanation, the following explanation simulates a wind instrument. Shall be. Therefore, the physical model sound source 1 becomes an arithmetic unit for simulating the air vibration of the wind of the wind instrument, and the radiating unit arithmetic unit 14 becomes an arithmetic unit for simulating the air vibration of the morning glory of the wind instrument. The physical model sound source 1 receives pitch information as normal performance information and breath pressure information and embouchure information as energy information to form a vibration waveform. Physical model sound source 1
Is a note-on when the breath pressure information exceeds a certain value, and a note-off when the breath pressure information falls below a certain value. Also, the sounding level and frequency change according to changes in the breath pressure information and the embouchure information. The normal performance information is input from the keyboard 4. The keyboard 4 is directly connected to the physical model sound source 1. The energy information is generated by the processing device 6 converting the special performance information. Special performance information is input from the joystick 5. Joystick 5
Generate x-axis data and y-axis data. The x-axis data substantially corresponds to the embouchure information, and the y-axis data substantially corresponds to the breath pressure information. The processing device 6 converts x-axis data and y-axis data into embouchure information and breath pressure information using a processing table and coefficients. The processing table and the coefficients are input to the processing device 6 from the coefficient memory 11 and the table memory 12 via the selector 10. The coefficient memory 11 and the table memory 12 store a plurality of types of coefficients and processing tables, respectively. The selector 10 selects a set of coefficients and a processing table based on the skill information input from the skill determiner 2. By selecting the coefficient and the processing table, the processing mode of the processing device 6, that is, the conversion mode of special performance information → energy information is determined. That is, the selector 10 corresponds to a processing mode determination unit. Further, the selector 10 reads the timbre selection information in addition to the skill information as the selection information from the timbre selection switch 3 and the sounding time information from the time measuring device 13 described later. This is because the tone color selection information has different coefficients and processing tables to be selected depending on the tone color, ie, the musical instrument to be simulated. Since the sounding time information is often different from the energy information required to generate vibration at the start of sounding and the energy information required to maintain vibration during sounding, a coefficient or a processing table is selected according to this. It is necessary to do it.

The energy information (embouchure information, breath pressure information) output from the processing unit 6 includes the physical model sound source 1 and
It is input to the time measuring device 13 and the skill determining device 2. The time measuring device 13 measures a time (sound generation time) from when the breath pressure information exceeds a certain value and becomes note-on. The sounding time information is input to the skill determiner 2 and the selector 10.

As described above, the physical model sound source 1 and the radiating section computing unit 14 can simulate the physical structure of vibration generation of any musical instrument by setting appropriate algorithms and coefficients. The algorithm information and the coefficient are stored in the algorithm memory 8 and the coefficient memory 9 in plural types. One of them is selected by the selector 7 and input to the physical model sound source 1. The timbre selection information is input to the selector 7 from the timbre selection switch 3. Since the selection of a timbre is a selection of a musical instrument to be simulated, the selector 7 selects a set of algorithm information and a coefficient from the algorithm memory 8 and the coefficient memory 9 based on the timbre selection information.

The above-described tone color selection information, normal performance information, special performance information, and energy information are all input to the skill determiner 2. In addition to the physical model sound source (D
Along with the overflow information of SP) 1, the frequency information and the level information of the vibration waveform output from the physical model sound source 1 to the radiating section calculator 14 are input from the frequency detector 16 and the level detector 15, respectively. The DSP of the physical model sound source 1 is composed of one to several adders and one to several multipliers, and all numerical operations for simulating the structure of the musical instrument are executed by these adders and multipliers. When a value out of the proper range is input as energy information, the operation result overflows, and the DSP generates an overflow signal. The physical model sound source 1 accumulates how many overflows have occurred in the calculation of one sampling timing,
This value is output to the skill determiner 2 as overflow information. Therefore, this physical model sound source 1 is 44.1k
When operating with a sampling clock of Hz, overflow information will be output about every 22.7 μs. The level information is detected by the level detector 15. The frequency information is detected by the frequency detector 16. Note that the integration of the number of overflows may be continued for about 100 sampling timings and output every about 2 ms. The skill determiner 2 determines the playing skill of the player based on these pieces of information. The skill determiner 2 determines whether or not the player is performing an appropriate performance operation based on the timbre selection information, the normal performance information, the special performance information, the energy information, and the like, and determines whether an appropriate tone signal is synthesized. Is determined based on frequency information and level information. The overflow information is used to determine whether the physical model sound source 1 is operating properly. Details of the determination method will be described later. The skill information is input to the selector 10 as described above. The selector 10 selects one set of a processing table and a coefficient based on the skill information, and inputs them to the processing device 6.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an appropriate range of the embouchure information and the breath pressure information, which are energy information, and a conversion range by a processing table. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the processing table.

FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the breath pressure information, which is energy information, and the appropriate range of embouchure information.
The appropriate range of the breath pressure information and the appropriate range of the embouchure information have a positive correlation as illustrated. That is, if the embouchure information is large, the breath pressure information is large, and if the embouchure information is small, the physical model cannot be vibrated unless the breath pressure information is also small. This correlation is large immediately after the start of pronunciation. As long as the pronunciation is continued, the vibration of the physical model can be maintained even if the correlation is slightly shifted.

The processing table is used for converting special performance information (x-axis data, y-axis data) input by the player to generate embouchure information and breath pressure information. FIG.
(B) is a diagram showing a conversion range of the processing table. A plurality of processing tables are provided according to the performance skills of the player. The drawing shows the conversion ranges of three types of machining tables for beginners, intermediate users, and advanced users. The processing table for advanced users converts the special performance information into energy information almost as it is. That is, x-axis data (input embouchure) is multiplied by a coefficient to obtain embouchure information, and y-axis data (input breath pressure) is multiplied by a coefficient to obtain breath pressure information. The generation of embouchure information is not affected by the y-axis data, and the generation of breath pressure information is not affected by the x-axis data. Therefore, whether or not both the embouchure information and the breath pressure information fall within the proper range completely depends on the skill of the player.

On the other hand, in the processing table for beginners, the conversion range is limited by compression so that energy information in an appropriate range is always generated regardless of what special performance information is input. In this table, embouchure information and breath pressure information are generated in consideration of both x-axis data and y-axis data. FIG. 3A shows a processing table for generating the breath pressure information. Machining table is x-axis data,
It is a three-dimensional table having axes of y-axis data and breath pressure information. When the y-axis data as the input breath pressure is 0, the breath pressure information is 0 regardless of the magnitude of the x-axis data (input embouchure). When the y-axis data rises, the breath pressure information quickly rises to an appropriate range. The breath pressure information increases as the x-axis data increases.

The processing table for intermediate users is intermediate between them, and generates embouchure information and breath pressure information in consideration of both the x-axis data and the y-axis data to some extent. No limits on range. Although such a processing table is stored in the table memory 12, as the skill information input to the selector 10 increases, a processing table for a higher level is selected. FIG. 2C shows a conversion range of a simplified processing table in which the above-mentioned appropriate range is imitated by a quadrilateral. FIG. 3B shows an example of the simple processing table.

Here, the skill determination method of the skill determiner 2 will be described. The skill determiner 2 is a physical model sound source 1
During the period in which the device outputs the vibration waveform, one or more of the following determination factors are detected based on various types of input information, and the skill is determined based on the detection factors.

The difference between the pitch designated using the keyboard 4 and the frequency information of the vibration waveform output by the physical model sound source 1 The degree of the fluctuation of the frequency information The value of the special performance information input from the joystick 5 and the value of the vibration waveform Ratio with level information Wander of the level information Numerical value range of the value of the special performance information, and frequency of the processing table selected based on the sounding time information and the energy information generated by the special performance information being out of the proper range Frequency at which an overflow occurs in the physical model sound source 1 The skill may be determined based on a value obtained by multiplying detection values of two or more determination elements by their own weights and combining them. Further, by applying a low-pass filter process or the like to the detection value of each determination element and combining the past detection value with the current detection value, a detection result over a certain period is determined, and the skill is determined based on the detection result. Is also good.

With the above-described determination elements, the following performance skills can be determined. Judgment element: To what extent the frequency of the actually sounded musical tone matches the frequency specified to be sounded Judgment element: Frequency stability while sounding is continued Judgment element: Input of special performance information Whether the sound level corresponding to the value is obtained If the input value of the special performance information is not well controlled, the physical model cannot be vibrated efficiently, and the sound level will be smaller than the level of the special performance information that is input. Would. For example, if the embouchure is insufficient, a sufficient volume cannot be obtained even if the breath pressure is increased, so that the balance between the embouchure and the breath pressure can be detected. Judgment element: The continuity of the volume level in the performance of a series of notes. Not only the steady-level sound generation but also whether or not the techniques such as crescendo, decrescendo, etc. are performed well by detecting whether or not the volume level shifts quickly. You can also. Judgment element: Whether the joystick 5 is controlled to put the special performance information in the proper range. Judgment element: Whether the joystick 5 is controlled to put the energy information in the proper range.

In this embodiment, the vibration waveform used for the judgment is collected from the output of the physical model sound source 1. However, the waveform to be taken out from the other part of the loop circuit constituting the physical model or supplied to the loop portion is obtained. It may be extracted from any part in the physical model, such as a part generated based on energy information. Although the number of DSP overflows is detected, not only overflow but also an abnormal level such as underflow may be detected.

Since a plurality of players may use one electronic musical instrument in some cases, a memory for storing skills is prepared for each player, and each time a player is replaced, a memory before the detection is obtained. The skill of the player may be stored in the corresponding storage area, and the skill of the new player may be read out from the corresponding area and set in the skill determiner 2.

The processing of the performance information by the processing means is not limited to the method using a table, but various arithmetic expressions, functions and the like can be used. In that case, control of the processing mode can be realized by controlling the coefficients in the arithmetic expression. In addition, a plurality of tables may be appropriately combined to create predetermined processing characteristics. Further, the processing means does not need to completely push the energy information into the target numerical value range, and it may be possible to take out a numerical value which is out of the range even in the case where it corresponds to the beginner level.

In the above embodiment, the selector 10 automatically selects the processing table according to the skill.
, A plurality of processing tables and a selection switch may be provided, and one of the processing tables may be selected by manually operating the selection switch. In this case, it is possible to select a processing table to be used according to the skill that the player desires, or to what extent he wants to control the sound source.
FIG. 4 shows an example in which a physical model sound source for simulating the structure of a stringed instrument is provided, and the input energy information is bow speed information and bow pressure information. , Information corresponding thereto is input.

The sound source applied to the present invention is not limited to a physical model sound source, and any sound source can be applied.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, the performance information input from the performance operator is processed into a form corresponding to the skill based on the skill of the player determined by the skill determination means, and the sound source is processed as a sound source. By supplying, even beginners who are unskilled in playing can play stable music, and for skilled players with advanced playing skills, realize electronic musical instruments with high freedom and high expressive power Can be.

In addition, by applying a physical model sound source, which is generally difficult to play, as a sound source used in the present invention, even a beginner can form and output an average tone signal, and can be skilled. For an individual, it is possible to provide an electronic musical instrument having the same degree of freedom as a natural musical instrument and high expressiveness.

[0034]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a processing method of the electronic musical instrument.

FIG. 3 shows a processing table of the electronic musical instrument.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of an electronic musical instrument that switches the processing table to the leading position

[Explanation of symbols]

 1-Physical model sound source 2-Skill judging device 6-Processing device 10-Selector for selecting a processing table 12-Table memory

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 7/08 G10H 1/053

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A performance operator for inputting performance information, performance information processing means for processing performance information input from the performance operator and converting the information into sound source drive information, and input from the performance information processing means. A sound source that forms and outputs a tone signal according to the sound source drive information; a skill determination unit that determines a skill of the player based on an operation mode of the performance operator or an operation mode of the sound source; An electronic musical instrument comprising: a processing mode determining unit that determines a processing mode of the performance information processing unit based on a skill. 2. The performance information processing means for processing input performance information into energy information, wherein the sound source performs a vibration simulation calculation in accordance with the input energy information, and calculates the calculated vibration. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the electronic musical instrument is a physical model sound source that outputs a waveform as a musical sound signal.