JPH03269493A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To contribute to the improvement of the representing capability of the electronic musical instrument by generating a characteristic musical sound corresponding to a key-OFF state even in a key-OFF state together with a normal musical sound. CONSTITUTION:A ROM 12, a RAM 13, a keyboard 14, an operation switch group 15, and a tone generator 16 are connected to a CPU 10 through a bus 11. The ROM 12 is stored with timbre data including a program and waveform data and the RAM 13 is stored with the performance, etc., of a player. For the timbre of, for example, a harpsichord, a channel number CHF which is generated by a key-OFF sequence is set so as to generate a key-OFF musical sound in the key-OFF state. Namely, when a key is turned ON, both right and left sequences generate normal musical sounds, which enter a release state with the key OFF and are eliminated. With the key OFF, the F sequence generates a fine key-OFF sound to generate a musical sound like the key is turned OFF in harpsichord.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Industrial Field of Application This invention provides the following advantages: not only when the key is on, but also when the key is off.
The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that can generate additional musical tones in response to the event.

(b) Conventional technology Electronic musical instruments can generate a variety of tones that simulate natural instruments, but natural instruments can only start producing sounds from
There are some that emit a unique sound not only during continuous pronunciation, but also when muted.

For example, on a harpsichord, the keyed off fingernails (
When the string returns to its original position, the sound of the string being lightly rubbed is produced. Also, in the case of a guitar, when you muffle the sound by pressing down on the strings with your palm or fingertips, the tone instantly becomes muffled.

Furthermore, in the case of wind instruments, when you hold your breath with the tip of your tongue to muffle the sound, there is a thumping sound that occurs at the moment the breath stops.

etc.

(C1 Problem to be solved by the invention) Electronic musical instruments that can control musical tones at key-off have been proposed in the past, as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-34473, but this electronic musical instrument changes the envelope based on the key-off velocity. Since the control only processed the musical tones that had been produced until then, such as when the sound was being produced, it was difficult to express a tone that was different from the normal musical tones (the musical tones that were being produced), as mentioned above. was insufficient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument that can generate a musical tone close to that of a natural musical instrument by adding and generating a new musical tone for key-off at the time of key-off.

(d) Means for Solving the Problems - The present invention provides performance information input means for inputting performance information including at least an on signal and an off signal, and an on signal input from the performance information input means.

a first musical tone signal formation sequence that forms a first musical tone based on an off signal; and a second musical tone signal different from the first musical tone based on a performance information off signal inputted from the performance information input means.
a second musical tone signal formation series for forming a musical tone;
It is characterized in that the first and second musical tones are generated simultaneously.

(e) Effect of the invention In this invention, a performance information on signal (key on signal, etc.)
, based on the off signal (key off signal, etc.)
A unique second musical tone is formed at the time of muting, based on the off signal of the performance information, using a musical tone signal forming sequence different from the musical tone signal forming sequence that forms the first musical tone. I did it like that. By synthesizing the first musical tone and the second musical tone (synthesizing them either mechanically or acoustically), the continuity between the normal musical tone and the unique sound immediately before muting is good, and it is natural. You can get a harmonious performance sound.

(f) Embodiment FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument that is an embodiment of the present invention. This electronic musical instrument has the function of detecting the speed (velocity) at key-on and reflecting it in the musical tone, as well as detecting the velocity at key-off and controlling the musical tone. The entire device is controlled by the CPUI O.
10 is connected to other circuit sections via a bus 11.

The circuit section connected to the CPU 10 via the bus 11 is a ROMI 2. RAMI 3. Keyboard 14. Operation switch group 15. This is a tone generator 16.

The ROM 12 stores programs, waveform data, tone data including pamelata, etc. as shown in the flowcharts described below, and the RAM 13 has registers that store data input by the performer's performance or switch operations. has been done.

The keyboard 14 is arranged with keys in a range of 5 to 6 octaves, and each key is provided with two switches that turn on when the key is pressed down at different angles. Key-on/off is detected by turning off, and key-on velocity and key-off velocity are detected by the time difference between both on and off. The operation switch group 15 includes a tone selection switch, a parameter setting volume, and the like. The tone generator 16 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 1, and generates musical tones based on various data sent from the CPU 10. The generated musical tones are amplified by the sound system 17 and output as sound.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the tone generator 16 which receives data from the CPU and generates musical tones. This tone generator is composed of three series of circuits: a left (L) series, a right (R) series, and a key-off (F) series. The L series is a circuit that generates musical tones output from the stereo left channel, and the R series is a circuit that generates musical tones output from the stereo right channel.

Further, the F series is a circuit that generates musical tones that are produced when the key is off, and the generated digital waveform data is added and synthesized into the above series and the R series in the tone generator 16. Furthermore, each series is further divided into 16 channels (the number of notes that can be produced simultaneously) in a time-division manner. This time-division operation is performed in synchronization with each series.

The circuit configuration of each series is the same. First, the configuration of the L series will be explained. This tone generator is a so-called waveform memory type sound source.
) 20L to the addresser 21.
A digital musical sound waveform is output by reading based on the address signal output by L. Waveform memory 2
A plurality of waveforms are stored in 0L for each tone color. The addresser 21L contains various data (
KONP, KOFP, S, KC, CH, L.

KONV, S, TC) are input. Here, K.O.
NP is a key-on pulse, and CPtJlo is generated when key-on is detected. Based on this signal, the output of the read address of the waveform memory is started.

KOFP,S is a key-off pulse, which is generated by the CPU 10 when key-off is detected. Based on this signal, the musical tone starts to be muted.

KC is a key code. The key code is a code representing the pitch corresponding to the pressed key.

CH and L are data indicating the sound generation channel. 1
This data is used to instruct which channel out of the six time-divided channels should be used to generate sound.

KONV,S is key-on velocity data. This data is obtained based on the pressing speed when the key is turned on.

TC is tone color specification data. This data is data instructing the tone color specified by the tone color switch of the operation switch group 15, and the waveform to be read out is determined based on this data.

The addresser 21L is KONP, CH, L, KOFP,
The timing to output an address is determined based on data such as S, and the address to be output is determined based on data such as KC, KONV, and STC. Waveform memory 20L
generates digital waveform data based on access by addresser 21L. The waveform memory 20L is composed of 16 bits, and represents the instantaneous value of the waveform at each time division timing. This digital waveform data is sent to the multiplication circuit 22.
It is input to L. The multiplication circuit 22L adds an envelope to the input digital waveform data. The envelope is a characteristic of the change in sound level over time as shown in the upper part of FIG. 4, and a unique envelope is stored for each tone. For example, in the case of a tone such as a piano or harpsichord, the characteristic is that the tone rises steeply, then falls sharply to a certain extent, and then gradually decays until the key-off. For this purpose, an envelope generator 23L is connected to the multiplication circuit 22L. The envelope generator 23L converts the envelope into parameters related to rate and level and the KONP, KOFP, S, and K.
This circuit calculates the time from the start of sound generation as a variable based on C, CH, L, KONV, S, TC and key-off velocity KOFV, and calculates and outputs for each channel based on the above-mentioned time division tying. The output value, like the waveform data, is the instantaneous value of the sound generation level at the base timing.

The enveloped digital waveform signal is output from the multiplier 22L to the filter 24L.

Filter 24L is a digital low-pass filter.

In other words, as the pitch of a musical tone becomes higher, the proportion of high-order overtones decreases, so that the waveform of a musical tone with a high pitch becomes dull. In addition, the harmonic composition differs depending on the type of musical tone (timbre) and also depends on the time since the start of pronunciation (for example, immediately after the sound is produced, it contains many high-order harmonics, and the time after the start of the sound is The filtration characteristics of the filter 24L are variable (e.g., the proportion occupied by the fundamental tone increases as time passes). This filtration characteristic is controlled by parameters output from the filter control parameter generator 25L.

The filter control parameter generator 25L is
P, KOFP, S.

Parameters are generated and output for each channel based on the data of KC, CH, L, KOFV, KONV, and TC. The digital waveform signal filtered by the filter 24L is added to the digital waveform signal input from the F sequence in an adder 26L. As shown in the envelope characteristic in the lower part of FIG. 4, the F series is a circuit that generates musical tones generated when the key is turned off, and is added to the musical tones generated from the key-on time by this adder 26L. The added digital waveform signal is input to the accumulator 27L. The accumulator 27L is a circuit that bottoms out all channels of this L series. The accumulator 27L adds the instantaneous values of all channels from the 1st channel to the 16th channel every cycle, and generates L system musical tone signals. This musical tone signal is converted into an analog signal (
interpolation) and then input to the sound system 29L. The sound system 29L amplifies the input signal and outputs it from a speaker or the like.

The L system of the tone generator 16 is configured as described above, but the R system is also configured in exactly the same way as the L system, and the F system has the same structure from the waveform memory 20F to the filter 24F as the L system. It is configured. however,
KOF, P is a key-off pulse, and reading from the waveform memory is started based on this signal. And addresser F is key code KC and key off velocity KOFV.
.

The waveform to be read is selected by F. Filter 24F
are connected to adders 26L and 26R.

The digital waveform data output from the filter 24F is added to the L-series and R-series digital waveform data in adders 26L and 26R.

FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B) are flowcharts showing the operation of the CPU 10. (A) of the same figure shows the main processing operation. When the power switch of this electronic musical instrument is turned on, initial processing is first performed at nl. Initial processing includes operations such as resetting registers and setting up recent data.

This operation puts the electronic musical instrument into a playable state.

After this, operations n2 to n6 are repeatedly executed.

First, in n2, key event processing operation (see (B) in the same figure)
Execute. Next, at n3, it is determined whether or not there is an event for a tone switch (included in the operation switch group 15). If there is a tone switch event, n4.
The operation of n5 is executed, and if there is no timbre switch event, the process directly proceeds to n6. At n4, the tone color number corresponding to the turned on tone color switch is set as tone color designation data TC, and this TC is output to the tone generator 16 (n5). After this, proceed to n6. In n6, other processing is executed. Other processing includes volume control operations and the like.

The key event operation will be explained with reference to FIG. First, it is determined in nlo and n20 whether there is a key-on event or a key-off event.

If there is a key-on event, nlO decides to
The processes from il to n13 are executed, and if there is a key-off event, the processes from n21 to n27 are executed based on the judgment at n20. If there is a key-on event and the operation progresses below ni1, first assign channels to both the left and right series to generate the musical tone corresponding to the key that was key-on with nil, and assign those channels as CH, L, CH, and R. set. Next, the key code corresponding to the key turned on is set as KC, and the key-on velocity is set as KONV (n12). These data, ie, KONP.

KC, TC, KONV, CH, L, CH, R are output to the tone generator to start the musical tone generation operation (n1
3).

On the other hand, if there is a key-off event and the operation progresses to n21 or below, change the channel number of the channel that is generating the musical tone corresponding to the key-off key to CH, L, C.
The speed of the key at key-off (key-off velocity) is set as KOFV (n22).

These data (KOFP
, S, KOFV, CH, L, CH, R) to execute the muting process (n23). Next, check whether the currently selected tone is a harpsichord tone.
Judging from C (n24). If the tone is other than harpsichord, return as is. If it is a harpsichord tone, assign that sound channel to produce the key-off tone when the key is off (n25
).

In order to generate this musical tone in a key-off sequence, the channel numbers are set as CH and F. Next, enter the key code KC of the key that was turned off (n26), KOFP
, F, KC, TC, KOFV, CH, F to the tone generator 16 to generate a key-off musical tone (n
27).

By the above operation, in the case of tones such as harpsichord,
Each series of tone generators 16 generates musical tones with envelopes as shown in FIG. That is,
When the key is turned on, both the left and right series generate normal musical tones, and when the key is turned off, the musical tones are released and muted. Along with this key-off, the F series generates a slight key-off sound.

This makes it possible to produce musical tones similar to when a harpsichord is keyed off.

In this embodiment, the key-on waveform and the key-off waveform are stored in separate waveform memories and are generated in different series, but they may be controlled in a time-sharing manner using the same memory or the same series. Furthermore, the tone that is re-generated at key-off is not limited to the harpsichord, but may be any other musical instrument.

For example, the tonguing sound of a wind instrument may be produced using this method.

Further, the sound source (tone generator) is not limited to the waveform memory method, and for example, an FM sound source or the like may be used. Further, although the key-off waveform is generated monaurally, the key-off waveform may also be generated in stereo in separate left and right series.

(0) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, in addition to normal musical tones, a unique musical tone corresponding to the key-off can be emitted at the same time. It is possible to realistically express the sound when the instrument returns, the tonguing sound of a wind instrument, and even the sound of a guitar when it is muted, contributing to the improvement of the expressive power of electronic musical instruments.

In addition, by forming the sound when muted using a different musical tone signal forming means from the normal sound, the normal musical tone and the sound when muted can be completely continuous, and are produced as a single sound. be able to.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a tone generator of an electronic musical instrument that is an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the electronic musical instrument, and Figs. 3 (A) and (B) are operations of the electronic musical instrument. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the envelope of musical tones produced by the electronic musical instrument. 16-tone generator, L-left series, R-right series,
F-key-off sequence, 20-waveform memory, 26-adder. Figure left waveform

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Performance information input means for inputting performance information including at least an on signal and an off signal; and a first musical tone that forms a first musical tone based on the on signal and off signal input from the performance information input means. a signal forming sequence; and a second musical tone signal forming sequence for forming a second musical tone different from the first musical tone based on the performance information off signal inputted from the performance information input means; and a second musical tone are generated simultaneously.