JP3002851B2 - Potato seed potato production method by solution cultivation - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing potato seed potatoes by solution cultivation, and more particularly to a solution capable of producing a large number of relatively small-diameter tubers with high efficiency, low virus infection rate and low pathogen infection rate. The present invention relates to a potato seed potato production method by cultivation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, when a new potato variety is developed at an agricultural laboratory or the like, the seed and seedling of the new variety, which has been conventionally produced by tissue culture or the like, is distributed to a seed potato farmer and used as a basis by the seed potato farmer. Produced many potatoes and sold them to general farmers. In the conventional potato seed potato production method, whole seeds or original seeds divided into two or three parts are directly planted in soil with a seeding machine or the like, and seed potatoes are grown to a predetermined size.

[0003]

However, such a conventional potato seed potato production method has a problem that nutrients are not sufficiently absorbed from soil and the growth is slow.
Therefore, especially in Hokkaido, which is a major potato producing area, only one crop per spring can be produced per year. In addition, since it is generally cultivated outdoors, there is a problem that a soil-borne pathogen such as a virus is attached to a tuber and the production yield of seed potato is low. Furthermore, in the conventional potato seed potato production method, usually 1
A relatively large diameter tuber seed potato is produced in small quantities from individual seed potatoes. Therefore, to produce potatoes based on this,
One tuber must be divided into multiple seed potatoes, and ash etc. must be attached to each cut before seeding on the soil, which is troublesome, and the soil itself is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and infected with pathogenic bacteria There was a problem that it was easy to do. Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the conventional potato seed potato production method, and provides a potato seed potato production method using a solution capable of producing a large number of relatively small-diameter tubers with high efficiency and a low bacterial infection rate. The task is to do so.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a potato seed potato with a solution according to the present invention. First, a potato seed potato seedling having a plurality of leaves developed along a stem is opened and an upper part thereof is opened. Prepare a solution cultivation container.
Then, an elastic support is attached to the upper stem of the second to fifth leaves from the root of the seedling, and the upper part of the solution cultivation vessel is covered with a light-shielding lid having a fixed planting hole. Next, after the seedlings are inserted into the planting holes and fixed by the support attached to the stem, the seeds are seeded at a water level at which the leaves under the support remain in the space and at which the formed potatoes hardly immerse the solution. Characterized in that the solution is circulated through the roots of the rice.

[0005] As the seeds and seedlings for potato seeds used in the present invention, available normal seeds and seedlings may be used as they are, but preferably, disease-free and homogeneous potato tissue-cultured seedlings are used. If such a tissue culture seedling can be used in large quantities, it may be directly planted in a solution cultivation container. However, other than that, the tissue culture seedlings were cut into nodes and cut into pieces,
In order to avoid infection by bacteria and the like, it is preferable to grow the seedling by a method combining nutrient medium and solution cultivation, and to produce and use a large number of seeds and seedlings. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of such a seedling raising method. First, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), seedlings 1 tissue-cultured in an agar medium or the like are prepared and cut one node at a position indicated by a dotted line.

Next, the seedlings 2 cut as shown in FIG. 1 (b) are sprouted on a medium 3 which causes a capillary phenomenon such as a fiber mat such as ceramic fiber or nonwoven fabric or urethane foam. The culture medium 3 contains an appropriate concentration of fertilizer for cultivation such that the roots of the seedlings 1 and the new leaves sprout (for example, an electric conductivity of about 0.1 to 2.0 ms / cm as a fertilizer concentration of inorganic salt).
Let it soak. It is to be noted that the side buds 4 which are the basis of germination are always left in the seedlings 2. Next, this is kept at 15 to 25 ° C. in a greenhouse without drying, and the light period is adjusted to 16 to 24 hours by electric light illumination, and rooting is performed while adjusting so as not to form tubers. When the roots are fully rooted and the new leaves begin to develop, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the roots are transferred to a solution cultivation bed and further grown by the solution cultivation method.

In the solution cultivation method, for example, a nutrient solution is circulated at the bottom of a container such as a shallow bet or a tray, and a plurality of solution cultivation containers provided with a large number of girder-shaped partitions at the top are prepared. The roots obtained as described above are inserted and grown. The conditions of this solution cultivation method include an electric conductivity of 0.1 to 3.0 as a fertilizer concentration of an inorganic salt.
ms / cm, light period 13-24 hours, liquid temperature 7-25
It is preferable to set the temperature to about ° C. FIG. 1 (d) shows a seedling for seeds having about 4 to 14 leaves thus obtained.
Shown in The seedling 5 has a stem 6, a root 7, and a leaf 8. In the present invention, an elastic support 9 is attached to the stem 6 for the next solution cultivation for growing seed potatoes.

This support 9 is compressed when it is pinched by hand,
Use a material that has the property of returning to its original shape due to its elasticity when released, such as urethane foam. FIG. 4 shows an example, in which a cut 19 having a radius is provided in advance in the short columnar urethane foam. This cut 19
The stem 6 may be pinched. The mounting position of the support 9 is approximately the portion of the stem 6 above the second to fifth leaves from the root, and approximately the upper portion of the fourth leaf in FIG.
The selection of the mounting position of the support 9 is determined based on the estimated number of tubers to be germinated. In other words, the stron, which is the basis of tuber hypertrophy, extends not from the root but from the stem to the upper part, and its germination and growth are promoted when placed in a dark state at high humidity. . As will be described later, in the present invention, the stron portion below the mounting position of the support 9 extends, so that the number of tubers is almost estimated by this position selection.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a partial cross section of a state in which a large number of seedlings grown as shown in FIG. The solution cultivation container 10 is formed by a bottom wall 11 and a side wall 12 so that a solution 13 containing a fertilizer component can be circulated to a lower portion. The solution cultivation container 10 is preferably made of a durable material such as fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), and its size is appropriately selected according to the amount to be cultivated as one unit.
cm and a width of about 150 cm. The solution cultivation container 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped NFT (Nutrient Film Tecn) having an inclination of 1/50 to 1/300.
It is preferable that the bottom surface is provided with 1 to 50 shallow grooves in the direction in which the solution flows. This groove is to prevent the solution from drifting due to the development of the stron and the roots, and to prevent the tubers from being immersed in the solution so as to flow uniformly.

An inlet for the solution is provided at the upper part of the side wall 12 of the solution cultivation container 10, and an outlet is provided at the lower wall, and these are connected to a circulation pipe 14 for the solution. Circulation piping 1
A transfer pump 15 is provided in the middle of 4, so that the solution is circulated at a constant speed. This solution cultivation container 1
A heating and / or cooling device (not shown) may be provided in the inside or in the circulation pipe 14 so as to adjust the solution temperature to a predetermined value. A supply pipe 16 is connected to the upstream side of the pump 15, from which a new solution is supplied to the circulation system. An unillustrated fertilizer supply device and the like are connected to the upstream side of the supply pipe 16 so that a solution having a predetermined fertilizer concentration can be prepared and supplied. Further, if necessary, a means for enriching dissolved oxygen in the solution, such as an aeration device (not shown), may be provided upstream of the supply pipe 16 or in the circulation pipe 14.

The upper portion of the solution cultivation container 10 is open, and the open portion is covered with a light-shielding lid 17 so that external light does not enter the container. The lid 17 may be a plate made of wood or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or styrofoam, a fiber sheet such as a woven or non-woven fabric, or an opaque soft plastic sheet supported by a frame. As shown in FIG. 3, the cover 17 is provided with a large number of planting holes 18 at predetermined intervals. Then, the seedlings 5 for the seed potatoes grown in the planting holes 18 are inserted and supported, and are planted. At that time, the portion of the support 9 attached to the stem of the seedling 5 is compressed and is supported by the fixed planting hole 18 due to its elasticity. Therefore, the inner diameter of the fixed planting hole 18 is smaller than the outer diameter of the support 9 by the amount of compression.

As shown in FIG. 2, the height from the lid 17 to the bottom of the solution cultivation container 10 is such that the portion of the leaf 8 below the support 9, that is, the portion where the stron is formed, immerses the root 7 in the solution 13.
It is determined so that it can be located above the water level. In general, the depth of the solution 13 is about 0.5 to 3.0 cm, and the solution cultivation container 10 is disposed at an inclination of about 1/300, thereby facilitating the flow of the solution. Note that FIG.
Although the culture medium 3 used when the cultivation was grown is left as it is, it may be removed in advance if necessary. Conditions for growing seedlings for seed potatoes using the solution cultivation vessel 10 as shown in FIG. 2 are, for example, a fertilizer concentration of inorganic salt of about 0.1 to 2.0 ms / cm 2 and a light period of 14 to 24 hours. Preferably, the solution temperature is set to about 9 to 25 ° C.

When growing seedlings for seed potatoes using the solution cultivation container 10, the roots of the seedlings can sufficiently contact the circulating solution and the oxygen dissolved therein, and the roots as in the soil. Since there is substantially no physical resistance to the growth of the parts, the growth of the whole seedling is good. As described above, it is important to produce a large number of tubers having relatively small diameters rather than producing a large number of tubers as described above. And its growth is extremely fast. Moreover, since most of the growing tubers are exposed to the air, rot during storage caused by immersion in the solution and enlargement of the skin is avoided, and tubers having a clean epidermis can be produced.

By growing potato seed potatoes in the solution cultivation container of the present invention, seed potatoes that are hardly infected by bacteria and the like can be produced. In other words, in solution cultivation, invasion of soil-borne diseases does not occur as in soil cultivation, and cultivation can be performed substantially aseptically by disinfecting containers and the like for each crop. Since this solution cultivation is usually performed in a greenhouse, even when the weather becomes unusual and heavy rain occurs,
By controlling the environment in the greenhouse, it is possible to easily prevent the rot of the tubers and the spread of the plague. Furthermore, by installing an insect-proof net or the like at the opening of the greenhouse, invasion of pests can be effectively prevented.

[0015]

Next, examples of the present invention and comparative examples of the conventional method will be described. As seeds and seeds for seed potatoes, seeds and seeds for potato seeds of make-in potato obtained by tissue culture were obtained, and the leaves were almost aseptic and had 4 leaves according to the methods of FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d).
A large number of seedlings grown up to 枚 14 were produced. This seedling was divided into two groups, one of which was used as an example of the present invention, and the other was used as a comparative example. The experiment was performed in the Hokkaido area from May to September. The average temperature of the outside air was about 14.5 ° C.

First, urethane foam is prepared by placing two to five leaves (average of four leaves) from the roots of various seedlings 5 grouped for the embodiment as shown in FIG. Was attached. Next, these seedlings 5 were inserted and supported in the respective planting holes 18 of the lid 17 covering the solution cultivation container 10 as shown in FIG. Next, a fertilizer solution having an electric conductivity of about 15 ms / cm as an inorganic fertilizer concentration was circulated through the solution cultivation container 10. The water level in the solution cultivation container 10 was set at a level at which the root portion of the seedling 5 was almost immersed. The solution temperature was maintained at an average of 17 ° C. by controlling with a temperature controller, and the light period was an average of 16 hours. In addition, the temperature in the greenhouse was made substantially equal to the outside air temperature in order to make the same conditions as in the comparative example.

When the cultivation results were examined 90 days after the start of the solution cultivation, the production amount was 4.9 t / 10a and the average weight of tubers was 40 g / piece. Next, the seed potato thus obtained was sown in a test field in the same area, and the productivity of the seed potato was tested. 120 days after sowing,
The productivity was 4.4 t / 10 a, and the morbidity of souka was 4%. It is presumed that the value of the souka disease incidence was caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the test field.

Comparative Example For a comparative example, a commonly distributed seed potato as shown in FIG. 1 (d) was sown in a test field at the same place used in the above-mentioned Example in the same manner as the conventional method. In addition, the cultivation start time and cultivation period for the production of the seed potato were made to coincide with the examples. 120 days after sowing, the resulting production was 3.6 t / 1
0a, the average weight of tubers was 82 g / piece. The morbidity rate of souka disease was 15%.

[0019]

According to the method for producing potato seed potatoes by the solution cultivation of the present invention having the above-described structure, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Since seeds and seedlings are cultivated by a solution cultivation method having a high fertilizer absorption effect, the growth rate of seed potatoes is high, and a high yield can be stably maintained. (2) The roots of the seedlings have good growth because they have sufficient contact with the circulating solution and the oxygen dissolved therein and have substantially no physical resistance to the growth of roots as in soil. Become. (3) A large number of strons can be elongated on the stem, and the growth is extremely fast. Therefore, many tubers having a relatively small diameter can be produced. (4) Since most of the growing tubers are exposed to the air, rot during storage caused by immersion in the solution and enlargement of the skin is avoided, and tubers having a clean epidermis can be produced. (5) A seed potato hardly infected by a pathogenic bacterium or the like can be produced. Therefore, the productivity of potatoes from the seed potato is extremely high.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a process of producing a large number of potato seeds from one potato seed.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a partial cross section of a state in which a large number of seeds and seedlings are planted in a solution cultivation container according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a lid used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a support used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a seed potato growing process according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Seedling 2 Seedling passage 3 Medium 4 Side bud 5 Seedling 6 Stem 7 Root 8 Leaf 9 Support 10 Solution cultivation container 11 Bottom wall 12 Side wall 13 Solution 14 Circulation piping 15 Pump 16 Supply pipe 17 Cover 18 Constant planting hole 19 Cut

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Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A potato seedling 5 having a plurality of leaves developed along a stem and a solution cultivation container 10 having an open upper part are prepared, and the upper part of the second to fifth leaves from the root of the seedling 5 is prepared. An elastic support 9 is attached to the stem of the plant, and the upper part of the solution cultivation container 10 is covered with a light-shielding lid 17 having a planting hole 18.
The seedling 5 is inserted into the planting hole 18 and fixed by the support 9 attached to the stem.
The solution at the root of the seedling 5 at the water level where the lower leaves of
3. A method for producing potato seed potatoes by solution cultivation, characterized by distributing No.3.