JP2994243B2 - External wall construction method and external wall structure for underground structures - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an outer wall construction methods and the outer wall structure of the underground construction to be used for building the underground construction basement like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a general building or the like, a basement is provided as a matter of course.

[0003] The outer wall of a basement is generally made of concrete. The method of forming the concrete framing wall is not only a cast-in-place concrete method but also a recent method.
A method of assembling precast concrete boards, which have been commercialized in advance at the factory, on site is also adopted.

[0004] Such a concrete skeleton wall is easily affected by the moisture in the ground, and the adverse effect extends to the underground room. Therefore, it is necessary to perform waterproof treatment.

Conventionally, as a method for waterproofing a concrete frame wall in an underground structure, an inner waterproofing method, an outer waterproofing method, a double wall waterproofing method, and the like described below are well known.

In the inner waterproofing method, a waterproof mortar or the like is applied to the inside of a concrete frame wall.

[0007] As shown in FIG.
The waterproof layer (2a) is formed by applying a waterproof mortar or attaching a waterproof sheet to the outer surface of the concrete frame wall (2) formed at a predetermined position of the excavated soil (1). Things.

Further, in the double wall waterproofing method, as shown in FIG. 17, concrete blocks and the like are piled up while being joined by mortar at an interval of about 30 cm on the indoor side of the concrete frame wall (2), and the inner wall (3). After forming the drainage channel (4) between the concrete frame wall (2) and the inner wall (3)
Is formed.

In FIGS. 16 and 17, (5) is a sheet pile for retaining the soil.

[0010]

However, the inner waterproofing method of the conventional outer wall waterproofing method, in which a waterproof layer is formed on the inside of a concrete skeleton wall, causes the water permeating into the concrete skeleton from underground. However, the water stays at the interface between the concrete skeleton wall and the waterproof layer, and the water pressure causes the waterproof layer to peel off from the concrete skeleton wall, resulting in early deterioration of waterproofness or early corrosion of the concrete skeleton. Durability could not be obtained and there was a problem in reliability.

In the outer waterproofing method shown in FIG. 16, since a waterproof layer (2a) is formed on the outside of the concrete frame wall (2), it is possible to prevent moisture from permeating into the concrete frame from the outside. Peeling of the waterproof layer (2a) and corrosion of concrete can be prevented, and excellent waterproofness and durability can be obtained, and high reliability can be obtained.

However, in this construction method, in order to form the waterproof layer (2a) outside the concrete frame wall (2), it is necessary to secure a working space (6) having a width of about 1 m outside the frame wall (2). is there. For this reason, in addition to the basement building area, it is necessary to excavate the outer periphery by about 1 m in addition to the basement building area when soil is excavated, so that much labor is required, and there is a problem that the construction period is prolonged and the construction cost is increased. Furthermore, in the case of a detached house, since the outside of the site cannot be excavated, an attempt to form a basement near the boundary of the site makes it impossible to form a work space. For this reason, the basement cannot be formed near the boundary of the site, and the construction position of the basement, and thus the entire building, is limited, and the versatility is poor. In addition, in this outside waterproofing method, if rain falls during the construction period, the work space will be buried with earth and sand,
There is a problem that it is necessary to excavate the soil again to form a work space, and more labor is required, which further lengthens the construction period and increases the construction cost.

On the other hand, in the double wall waterproofing method shown in FIG.
Moisture that has permeated into the concrete skeleton wall (2) from the outside
Since the water is discharged through the drainage channel (4) between the concrete frame wall (2) and the inner wall (3), it is excellent in waterproofness and the like. However, since the concrete wall (2), in other words, the inner wall (3) is formed at a predetermined interval inside the outer wall of the basement, the space that can be actually used as the basement is reduced, and the space is effectively used. There was a problem that it could not be used. Moreover, the block stacking work for forming the inner wall (3) and the mortar finishing work of the drainage channel (4) in the narrow working space between the concrete skeleton wall (2) and the inner wall (3) require a great deal of skill and skill. It requires a lot of labor and prolongs the construction period and increases construction costs.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, can easily form an outer wall of an underground structure having excellent waterproofness and durability and high reliability, and can shorten the construction period and the construction cost for the outer wall construction. it is possible to reduce, positionally without restrictions can form an underground structure excellent in versatility, the outer wall construction methods and the outer wall structure of the underground structure can be further effectively utilized for space The purpose is to provide.

[0015]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for constructing an outer wall of an underground structure according to the first invention of the present application is provided on at least one surface of a plate-like concrete panel main body and four peripheral surfaces thereof. A step of preparing a plurality of waterproof panels coated with a synthetic resin waterproof sheet in a continuous manner, and at the outer wall forming position of the underground structure, the plurality of waterproof panels, with one of the waterproof sheet surfaces facing outward, The method includes a step of arranging the panels in a plane at a predetermined interval between the panels, and a step of filling a joint treatment material that can be integrated with the waterproof sheet from the inside into a gap between adjacent waterproof panels. .

On the outer wall of the underground structure constructed by this construction method, the waterproof panels are arranged side by side with the waterproof sheet on one side facing outward, and the waterproof sheet on the peripheral side of the panel is placed in the gap between the panels. The structure is filled with a joint treatment material integrated with the joint. In this structure, the outer surface of the panel body that forms the concrete frame is covered with a waterproof sheet, so that it is possible to reliably prevent moisture from penetrating from the ground to the concrete frame inside the panel, and to corrode concrete due to water penetration. Can be prevented, and excellent waterproofness and durability can be obtained. Needless to say,
Infiltration of moisture from the joints of the waterproof panel is reliably prevented by the joint treatment material.

Further, the first invention does not require a skilled work such as mortar coating or the like.
Only simple work with joint processing is performed, and construction is easy. In addition, since all of these operations can be performed only from the inside, there is no need for a work space outside the basement building position, and there is no need to perform excavation work for forming the work space. Therefore, the labor of the worker can be reduced, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction cost can be reduced. In addition, depending on the situation, the underground structure can be formed up to the vicinity of the boundary of the site, and the construction position of the structure is restricted. No versatility and excellent versatility.

Further, since the outer wall of the underground structure according to the first invention is excellent in waterproofness as described above, it is not necessary to form an inner wall at an interval inside the outer wall as in a double wall structure, for example. From this point, the labor of the worker can be reduced. In addition, since the inner wall is not formed on the inner side of the outer wall, the entire inner side of the outer wall can be used as an indoor space, and the space can be effectively used.

In the first invention, when a sealing agent compatible with and integrated with the waterproof sheet is used as the joint treatment material, the joint treatment material is assimilated into the waterproof sheet, and a plurality of waterproof panels are formed. This first invention has the advantage that the outer wall can be formed reliably and the outer wall of high strength can be formed structurally, as well as to improve the waterproofness and durability. When the distance is set to 5 mm, the joint treatment material can be surely filled in the space, so that a plurality of waterproof panels can be more reliably integrated, and the waterproofness and durability can be dramatically improved. There is an advantage that a high strength outer wall can be formed.

On the other hand, in the outer wall structure of the underground structure according to the second invention of the present application, a synthetic resin waterproof sheet is continuously coated on at least one surface and four peripheral sides of a plate-shaped concrete panel main body. A plurality of waterproof panels are arranged side by side in a state in which one side of the waterproof sheet faces outward and a predetermined interval is provided between the panels, and the waterproof panel is disposed in a gap between adjacent waterproof panels. The gist is to be filled with a joint treatment material that can be integrated with the sheet.

The second aspect of the present invention specifies the outer wall structure obtained by implementing the construction method of the first aspect of the present invention, and thus has the above-mentioned effects associated with the implementation of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a method for constructing an outer wall of a basement according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

In this embodiment, a plurality of specific waterproof panels (10) as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are used.
This waterproof panel (10) is provided with a plate-shaped concrete panel body (11), and five surfaces including one side and four peripheral sides of the panel body (11) are made of a synthetic resin waterproof sheet (12). It is coated.

An anchor projection (13) having a large-diameter retaining head (13a) is provided on the back side of the waterproof sheet (12).
Are integrally protruded, and this anchor projection (13)
Are fixed in the panel main body (11) in a buried state, so that the waterproof sheet (12) is fixed to the panel main body (11).

In the present invention, as the material of the waterproof sheet (12), any material can be used as long as it is made of a synthetic resin having a waterproof property. Considering the points, vinyl chloride resin,
An olefin resin can be suitably used.

The size of the waterproof panel (10) is not particularly limited. However, considering the easiness of handling, the size of the waterproof panel (10) is almost the same as that of a plate-like building material, such as a precast concrete plate, which is frequently used these days. , Specifically, 180 vertical
Those having a thickness of 0 mm, a width of 900 mm, and a thickness of 30 to 50 mm can be suitably used.

The waterproof panel (10) having the above structure is manufactured, for example, as follows.

First, as shown in FIG. 10, an open-top box-shaped formwork (15) corresponding to the size of the waterproof panel to be manufactured is prepared using an iron plate or the like.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The waterproof sheet (12) is arranged continuously along the bottom surface of (5) and the four inner peripheral side surfaces. As shown in FIG. 15, this waterproof sheet (12) has a large number of anchor projections (1) on one surface side.
3) are integrally formed, and their anchor projections (1) are formed.
3) is arranged so as to face the inside of the formwork (15).

In order to prevent a decrease in waterproofness, the waterproof sheet (12) on the bottom of the mold and the sheet (12) on the side of the mold are used.
And the seam between the sheets (12) on the side of the formwork are preferably integrally connected by welding or the like.

The waterproof sheet (12) is previously formed into a box shape which fits in the mold (15) by vacuum or pressure forming, and the box-shaped waterproof sheet (12) is formed.
May be used.

Next, if necessary, a reinforcing bar or the like is arranged inside the waterproof sheet (12) of the formwork (15).

Subsequently, as shown in FIG.
Concrete, which becomes the panel body (10), is poured into the inside of the waterproof sheet (12), and the nut (15) is placed almost in the center of the upper surface of the concrete in an uncured state.
a) is embedded.

Subsequently, after the concrete is cured and hardened as shown in FIG. 13, a hook-like hook (15b) is screwed to the buried nut (15a).

Then, as shown in FIG. 14, using the hook (15b), the cast concrete member (waterproof panel 10) is pulled up and removed from the mold (15), and the hook (15b) is removed. 8 and 9
The waterproof panel (10) of this embodiment shown in FIG.

Next, using the waterproof panel (10),
A case where an underground structure such as a basement is constructed will be described.

First, as shown in FIG. 2, soil (1) at a basement building position is excavated.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the bottom surface of the excavated soil (1) is subjected to a waste concrete treatment, and
0), the horizontal ground (20) as shown in FIG.
A waterproof sheet (21) is laid on the top.

The waterproof sheet (21) is preferably of the same quality as the waterproof panel (12) fixed to the waterproof panel (10) in order to improve waterproofness.

Next, as shown in FIG.
1) The joint treatment material (22) is applied to the upper outer wall construction position, and then the plurality of waterproof panels (10) are arranged in a plane along the outer wall forming position. At this time, the panels are arranged at predetermined intervals. Specifically, this interval is set to 3 to 5 mm, preferably 3.5 to 4.5 mm. That is, if this interval is too large,
If it is too small, the filling operation cannot be smoothly performed when filling the joint treatment material during that time as described later, and the waterproof property may be reduced, which is not preferable.

Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the gap between the adjacent waterproof panels (10) is filled with a joint treatment material (23) from the indoor side. In the present invention, the joint treatment material (23) is a waterproof sheet (12) of the waterproof panel (10).
Any material can be used as long as it is integrated with the waterproof sheet (12).
Preferably, a sealing agent having the same composition as that of the waterproof sheet (12) is used. Specifically, when a vinyl chloride-based waterproof sheet (12) is used, the joint treatment material (2) is used.
As 3), a material obtained by dissolving a vinyl chloride resin in a solvent is preferably used. When an olefin-based resin is used as the waterproof sheet (12), olefin is used as the joint treatment material (23). It is preferable to use one obtained by melting a resin by heat. However, as the joint treatment material (23), a material other than the sealing agent, for example, a waterproof sealing material or a sheet material of the same quality as the waterproof sheet (12) can be used.

The same applies to the joint treatment material (22) applied to the lower surface of the waterproof panel (10) as to the joint treatment material (23) between the panels.

After the joint treatment is performed in this manner, concrete is poured into the bottom of the room, cured and hardened to form a floor substrate (25), and the construction in this embodiment is completed.

The upper end of the waterproof panel (10), that is, the upper end of the outer wall is fixed to an H steel plate used as a beam under concrete on the first floor of the building by bolting or the like.

The gap between the outer wall of the basement and the excavated soil (1) is buried with concrete, earth and sand, or the like.

As described above, the outer wall of the basement of this embodiment is
Waterproof panels (10) are arranged side by side with one waterproof sheet surface facing outward, and a gap between the panels is filled with a joint treatment material (23) integrated with the waterproof sheet (12) on the peripheral surface of the panel. Therefore, the outer surface side of the panel body (11) forming the concrete body is covered with the waterproof sheet (12), and the outer waterproof structure is substantially formed. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the moisture in the ground from penetrating into the concrete frame in the panel, to prevent the basement room from being adversely affected by the moisture, and to prevent concrete corrosion due to the penetration of the moisture. Therefore, it is excellent in waterproofness and durability, and high reliability can be obtained. Needless to say, the infiltration of moisture from the joint of the waterproof panel (10) can be reliably prevented by the joint treatment material (23).

The waterproof sheet (1) of the waterproof panel (10)
2) the anchor projection (13) protruding from the back surface,
Because it is embedded and fixed in the panel body (11),
The waterproof sheet (12) is firmly fixed to the panel body (11), and the peeling of the waterproof sheet (12) can be reliably prevented, and more excellent waterproofness and durability can be obtained.

The gap between the adjacent waterproof panels (10) is filled with a joint treatment material (23) which is compatible with and integrated with the waterproof sheet (12) of the panel (10). 23) is assimilated with the waterproof sheet (12), and the plurality of waterproof panels (10) are integrated, whereby the waterproofness and durability are further improved, and a structurally high strength outer wall can be formed.

Further, the outer wall construction method of the present embodiment does not require any skill such as mortar coating, and can be basically performed by simple work of panel arrangement work and joint treatment work. In addition, since all of these operations can be performed only from the indoor side, there is no need to form a work space outside the basement building position. For this reason, it is not necessary to excavate the soil outside the basement building position, and the labor of the worker can be reduced by that amount, and the construction period and the construction cost can be reduced.

Furthermore, since it is not necessary to excavate the outside of the basement building position, the basement can be formed up to the vicinity of the boundary of the site depending on the situation, and the construction position of the basement, and thus the entire building, is restricted. And has excellent versatility.

The outer wall of the basement of this embodiment is excellent in waterproofness, so that it is not necessary to form an inner wall inside the outer wall unlike a conventional double-wall waterproof structure, for example.
The labor of the worker can be reduced, the construction period can be further reduced, and the construction cost can be further reduced. In addition, the entire inside of the outer wall can be used as an indoor space, and the space can be effectively used.

For reference, in the construction method according to this embodiment, the installation area is 10 tsubos (3 m × 11 m = 33 m ² ).
Excavation area is 33m ²
It becomes strong, and the indoor area becomes slightly less than 33 m ² .

On the other hand, when a basement having the same installation area (33 m ² ) is constructed by the conventional outside waterproofing method, a working space having a width of about 1 m needs to be formed outside the basement building construction position. The excavated area is (3m + 2m) × (1
1m + 2m) = 65m ² , which is about twice as large as that of the embodiment.

Further, when a basement with the same installation area (33 m ² ) is constructed by the conventional double-wall waterproofing method, the inner wall is formed at an interval of 30 cm from the outer wall to the inner side, so that the thickness of the outer wall and the inner wall, etc. If not considered, the room area is (3m-0.
6m) x (11m-0.6m), approximately 25m
² , which is actually smaller and less than 25 m ² .
Therefore, the indoor area (indoor space) is considerably smaller than that of the embodiment.

In the above-described embodiment, the waterproof panel (10) is a panel body (11) whose five surfaces are covered with the waterproof sheet (12). However, in the present invention, the waterproof panel (10) is used. Alternatively, a panel body having all six surfaces covered with a waterproof sheet (12) may be used.

[0056]

As described above, according to the outer wall construction method and the outer wall structure of the underground structure according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, the outer wall of the underground structure having excellent waterproofness and durability and high reliability. Can be easily formed, shortening the construction period and cost of the outer wall construction, and can form the underground structure without restriction on the location, which is excellent in versatility and effective in space. The effect that utilization can be achieved can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view showing the periphery of an outer wall of a basement constructed by a basement construction method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view showing a construction site excavated in the above construction method.

FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view showing a construction site after ground formation in the construction method.

FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view showing a construction site after laying a waterproof sheet in the construction method.

FIG. 5 is a cutaway perspective view showing a construction site after the waterproof panel is erected in the construction method.

FIG. 6 is a cutaway perspective view showing a construction site after joint processing in the construction method.

FIG. 7 is a plan cross-sectional view showing the periphery of a basement outer wall between panels constructed by the above construction method.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a waterproof panel used in the construction method.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a waterproof panel used in the construction method.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a mold used in the method of manufacturing the waterproof panel, wherein FIG. 10 (a) is a perspective view and FIG. 10 (b) is a sectional view.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a state in which a waterproof sheet is laid on a mold in the method of manufacturing the waterproof panel, wherein FIG. 11 (a) is a perspective view and FIG. 11 (b) is a sectional view.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a state in which concrete is poured into a formwork in the method of manufacturing the waterproof panel, wherein FIG. 12 (a) is a perspective view and FIG. 12 (b) is a sectional view.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a state in which a hook is to be attached to the waterproof panel in the mold in the method of manufacturing the waterproof panel, wherein FIG. 13 (a) is a perspective view and FIG. 13 (b) is a sectional view. .

FIG. 14 is a view showing a state in which the waterproof panel is removed from the mold in the method of manufacturing the waterproof panel, and FIG.
Is a perspective view, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a part of a waterproof sheet covering the waterproof panel.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the periphery of a basement exterior wall of a building site to which a conventional exterior waterproofing method is applied.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a periphery of a basement exterior wall of a building site to which a conventional double-wall waterproofing method is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Waterproof panel 11 ... Panel main body 12 ... Waterproof sheet 13 ... Anchor protrusion 15 ... Formwork 23 ... Joint treatment material

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A step of preparing a plurality of waterproof panels in which a synthetic resin waterproof sheet is continuously coated on at least one surface and four peripheral sides of a plate-shaped concrete panel main body; A step of arranging the plurality of waterproof panels at an outer wall forming position, with the waterproof sheet surface on one side facing outward, and arranging the plurality of waterproof panels in a plane at a predetermined interval between the panels; And filling a joint treatment material that can be integrated with the waterproof sheet from the inside. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a sealing agent compatible with and integrated with the waterproof sheet is used as the joint treatment material. 3. The distance between adjacent waterproof sheets is 3 to 5 mm.
The method for constructing an outer wall of an underground structure according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall is set to: 4. A plurality of waterproof panels in which a synthetic resin waterproof sheet is continuously coated on at least one surface and four peripheral sides of a plate-shaped concrete panel main body, and a waterproof sheet surface on one side thereof is provided. Facing outward, and are arranged side by side with a predetermined space between the panels, and a gap between adjacent waterproof panels is filled with a joint treatment material that can be integrated with the waterproof sheet. An outer wall structure of an underground structure.