JP2981631B2 - Grafting method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a grafting method in which a lower end portion of a scion is joined to an upper end portion of a stock to adhere to each other.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to improve weatherability, pest and insect pests, flowering and fruiting, etc., grafts are joined by bonding scion with affinity to rootstocks and adhere to each other. Is a method of breeding plants. Conventionally, this grafting uses a method such as insertion, splitting, and calling. For example, in the case of the split grafting, the lower end of the scion 51 is cut into a wedge shape with a knife or the like as shown in FIG. A slit 53 is formed at the upper end of the tree 52, and the lower end of the scion 51 is inserted into the slit 53 to join the two vascular bundles. The joint is then clamped by a fixing aid such as a clip. It is done by doing.

[0003]

In the grafting method of inserting the lower end of the scion 51 cut into a wedge shape as described above into the slit 53 of the stock 52, the scion 51 and the stock 52 are used.
However, there is a problem that skill is required to join them in an appropriate state, and it is difficult to automate the work. That is, the joining surface of the scion 51 and the stock 52 is formed by a pair of flat surfaces, and only a part of the conduit 54 and the phloem 55 constituting the vascular bundle is exposed on both left and right sides of the joining surface. For this reason, it is difficult to accurately position and join the two conduits 54 and the phloem 55 to each other, which hinders automation. In addition 51
There is a problem that it is difficult to automate the operation of attaching the fixing aid to the joint between the base material and the stock 52, and the operation of removing the fixing aid after the joint is fused.

[0004] In addition to the wedge-shaped cutting surface,
Since the epidermis of the scion 51 remains, it roots from the remaining portion of the epidermis after rooting, which inhibits the growth of the rootstock 52, and reduces the growth and enlargement of the rootstock 52. There is a problem of losing phenomenon. In addition, the above 5
There is a problem that the rootstock 52 may be cracked as the root of the root grows.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to join a scion and a stock in a proper state without causing rooting and losing of the scion. It is intended to provide a grafting method.

[0006]

The invention according to claim 1 is
A grafting method of joining a scion formed by cutting the lower part of a seedling to a stock formed by cutting the upper part of a seedling, wherein the cutting or cutting stock is cut by a cutting blade.
While moving the cutting blade up and down so that the outer peripheral surface is cut diagonally,
Rotate the cutting blade around the shaft of the scion or stock.
Depending on the one of the lower end of this scion or the upper end of the stock
After forming a joining protrusion having a conical surface with a tapered conical surface, and forming a recess into which the joining protrusion is fitted, inserting the joining protrusion into the recess. The two are fitted together.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the grafting method according to the first aspect, a conical surface having the same angle as the conical surface of the joining projection formed on one of the lower end portion or the upper end portion of the scion. Is formed in the other of the scion or stock.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the grafting method according to the first or second aspect, the lower end portion of the scion or the upper end portion of the rootstock is inserted into the conical insertion hole of the constriction. With the one inserted and positioned, one of the lower end of the scion or the upper end of the stock is cut in such a manner as to be peeled off diagonally by a cutting blade to form the joining protrusion. It is.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the grafting method according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the drill blade having the conical processed portion is provided at the lower end of the scion or the upper end of the stock. By pressing against the other end surface of the slab, a conical concave hole into which the joining protrusion is fitted is formed.

[0010]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the conical surface of the joining projection formed at the lower end of the scion is inserted into the root of the stock while being in contact with the peripheral surface of the concavity. As a result, the entire periphery of the scion and the stock are properly aligned and joined.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the conical surface of the joining projection formed at the lower end of the scion is slid along the conical surface forming the concave hole of the stock.
The joining projection is easily and reliably fitted into the deepest portion of the concave hole.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, one of the lower end of the scion or the upper end of the stock is inserted into the insertion hole and held in a shape corresponding to the insertion hole. It will be cut by the cutting blade.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the processing portion of the drill blade is pressed against the other end surface of the lower end portion of the scion or the upper end portion of the rootstock, thereby forming a conical shape corresponding to the processing portion. A concave hole will be formed.

[0014]

1 and 2 show a grafting device used to carry out a grafting method according to the present invention. This grafting device is a scion transporting means 1 for holding scions such as watermelon, tomato, and eggplant formed by cutting the lower part of a seedling and transporting the scion to a processing position and a joining position with a stock.
A scion processing means 2 for processing the lower end of the scion to form a joining protrusion, and holding and retaining a rootstock formed by cutting off an upper portion of a seedling having an affinity for the scion. Rootstock transport means 3 for transporting the rootstock to the processing position and the joining position with the scion, and rootstock processing means 4 for processing the upper end of the rootstock to form a concave hole for joining.

The scion conveying means 1 comprises a slide block 6 and a pair of left and right slide bars 7 slidably supported on a base 5, and a screw feed mechanism 8 for screwing the slide block 6 and the slide bar 7. When,
It has a scion holding member 9 provided at the distal end of the slide bar 7 and a scion elevating mechanism 10 for driving the scion holding member 9 up and down.

The screw feed mechanism 8 is screwed into a screw hole formed in the slide block 6, and a pair of front and rear support blocks 5 a, 5 erected on the base 5.
b and a screw shaft 11 rotatably supported by the screw shaft 1
And a drive motor 12 for rotating the drive motor 1. The screw feed mechanism 8 drives the screw shaft 11 by means of a drive motor 12 to feed the slide block 6 and the slide bar 7 in a screw manner, whereby the slide block 6 positioned rearward as shown by the solid line in FIG. By moving the scion holding member 9 forward as indicated by the phantom line, the scion processing means 2 is sequentially slid to the installation position of the scion processing means 2 and the joining position of the scion and the stock located in front thereof. Is configured.

As shown in FIG. 3, the scion elevating mechanism 10 comprises a rack gear 14 supported by a guide member 13 provided at the tip of the slide bar 7 so as to be able to move up and down, and a pinion 15a meshing with the rack gear 14. And a drive motor 1 for rotationally driving the rotary shaft 15
6. The scion elevating mechanism 10 rotates the rotation shaft 15 and the pinion 15a by the driving force of the driving motor 16 to move the rack gear 14 up and down, thereby the scion holding member 9 provided integrally with the rack gear 14. Is moved up and down from an upper standby position to a lower processing position and a joining position with a stock.

The scion holding member 9 is provided with the rack gear 1.
4 and a pair of finger plates 18 swingably supported by the support 17
And a driving means (not shown) including an air cylinder or a push-pull solenoid provided in the support portion 17. The finger plate 18 is driven to open and close by a driving unit,
The holding portion 19 provided on the inner surface of the distal end portion is configured so as to swing and displace between a released position where the holding portion 19 is expanded and a gripping position where the holding portion 19 holds the shaft portion of the scion 20 as shown in FIG. ing.

The scion processing means 2 includes a drive motor 2
Turntable 2 driven to rotate at a predetermined speed by 1
2 and a taper die 23 protruding from the center of the upper surface of the turntable 22. An inclined surface 24 is formed on the peripheral surface of the taper die 23.
4, a cutting blade 25 is provided. The cutting blade 25 is configured to be driven up and down along the inclined surface 24 by a cutting blade driving member 26 composed of a reciprocating motor or the like to move up and down.

As shown in FIG. 5, the taper die 23 has a spigot 20 comprising a cylindrical upper hole 27a and a conical lower hole 27b formed at the lower end thereof.
Insertion hole 27 is formed. And the above-mentioned insertion hole 27
Is exposed at the side end of the inclined surface 24 to form an opening 28 extending along the generatrix of the conical lower hole 27b.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the stock transport means 3 includes a guide member 30 provided on a base 29, a slide member 31 slidably supported by the guide member 30, It has a screw shaft 32 for screw-feeding the slide member 31 and a screw feed mechanism 34 composed of a rotation drive motor 33 thereof. , And is sequentially slid from an installation position of the rear stock to an installation position of the stock processing means 4 and a joining position located in front of the installation position.

As shown in FIG. 6, the stock holding member 35 has a pair of finger plates 36 constructed similarly to the scion holding member 9 and driving means (not shown) for opening and closing the pair of finger plates 36. The shank of the stock 38 is held by a holding portion 37 provided on the inner surface of the distal end of the finger plate 36. The stock machining means 4 is provided with a drill device 40 having a drill blade 39 and a drill lifting mechanism 41 for driving the drill device 40 up and down. At the lower end of the drill blade 39, a processing portion 42 formed in a conical shape having the same angle as the joining projection 28 of the scion 20 to be machined by the scion processing means 2 is provided.

In order to carry out the grafting method according to the present invention using the grafting apparatus having the above-described structure, the scion 20 formed by cutting off the lower part of the scion seedlings such as eggplants which have been appropriately grown is used.
Is held by the finger plate 18 of the scion holding member 9. Then, the screw feed mechanism 8 of the scion conveying means 1
Is driven to move the scion holding member 9 forward. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, it is detected by a sensor including a limit switch and the like (not shown) that the scion 20 held by the scion holding member 9 has reached the position above the installation portion of the scion processing means 2. At this point, the positioning of the scion 20 is performed by stopping the screw feed mechanism 8.

Next, the scion holding member 9 and the scion 20 are lowered by the scion raising and lowering mechanism 10 for the scion, so that the lower end of the scion 20 is inserted into the insertion hole 27 of the taper die 23 so as to be tapered. Cut into a ball cone. That is, while the cutting blade 25 is driven up and down by the cutting blade drive mechanism 26 and the turntable 22 is driven to rotate by the drive motor 21, the lower end of the scion 20 is inserted into the insertion hole 27 and lowered.

Then, as shown in FIG.
Outer peripheral portion 20 of scion 20 protruding outside through opening 28
a is cut by the cutting blade 25 so as to be sequentially and diagonally peeled. Finally, as shown in FIG.
The lower end portion of O is cut into a tapered conical shape corresponding to the lower portion of the insertion hole 27 to form a joining projection 43.

When it is detected by a sensor (not shown) that the formation of the joining projection 43 has been completed, the scion holding member 9 and the scion 20 are raised by the scion elevating mechanism 10 so that the scion 20 is After the lower end is pulled out from the insertion hole 27, the scion holding member 9 and the scion 20 are further advanced by the screw feed mechanism 8 and are conveyed to a joint position with the stock 38. The alignment with respect to the joining position may be performed according to an output signal from a sensor that detects the forward position of the scion holding member 9, or may be performed by a stopper provided in the screw feed mechanism 8.

At the same time as forming the joining projections 43 of the scion 20, the stock is formed by cutting off the upper portion of a proper stock for a stock having affinity for the scion 20. 38 is held by the finger plate 36 of the stock holding member 35, and then the screw feed mechanism 3
4, the rootstock holding member 35 is advanced to the sensor installation position, and the rootstock 38 held by the rootstock holding member 35 is transported below the installation part of the rootstock processing means 4, as shown in FIG. To align.

Next, the drill blade 3
The drill unit 40 and the drill blade 39 are lowered by the drill raising / lowering mechanism 41 while rotating the rotary shaft 9, and the processed portion 42 of the drill blade 39 is pressed against the upper end surface of the stock 38, thereby forming a conical concave portion having a lower constriction. A hole 44 is formed (FIG. 8)
reference). When it is detected by a sensor (not shown) that the drill bit 39 has been lowered to a predetermined position and the formation of the concave hole 44 has been completed, the drill device 40 and the drill bit 39 are raised by the drill lifting / lowering mechanism 41 and the table is raised. After being separated from the tree 38, the rootstock holding member 35 and the rootstock 38 are further advanced by the screw feed mechanism 34 and transported to the joint position with the scion 20.

After the scion 20 and the stock 38 are aligned as described above, the scion holding member 9 and the scion 20 are lowered by the scion elevating mechanism 10 for the scion, and the scion 20 is lowered. By fitting the joining projections 43 into the recessed holes 44 of the stock 38, the two are fitted together to form a grafted seedling as shown in FIG. Next, the finger plate 18 of the scion holding member 9 is rocked and displaced to the release position, and the finger plate 36 of the stock holding member 35 is rocked and displaced to the released position to change the gripping state of the scion 20 and the stock 38. By releasing, the grafted seedlings are transferred onto a carrying-out means such as a belt conveyor (not shown), and are sequentially carried out by the carrying-out means.

By cutting the lower end of the scion 20 into a tapered shape as described above, a conical joining protrusion 43 is formed, and the joining protrusion 4 is formed on the upper end of the stock 38.
3 is formed, and the conical recess 44 is formed.
Since the two are joined by fitting the joining projection 43 therein, the scion 20 and the stock 38 can be joined in an appropriate state to obtain an excellent survival rate.

That is, by forming the connecting projection 43 and the concave hole 44, the conduit 45 and the pipe 46 can be exposed on the entire peripheral surface.
When the joining projection 43 of the above and the concave hole 44 of the stock 38 are joined, the two conduits 45 and the master tube 46 can be easily and properly aligned with each other.

Further, when the joining protrusion 43 of the scion 20 is fitted into the recess 44 of the stock 38, the conical surface constituting the joining protrusion 43 and the recess 44 serves as a guide surface. As a result, the two are automatically aligned with each other, so that the joining protrusion 43 can be easily inserted into the concave hole 44 to the deepest portion, and the two can be joined in close contact.

Therefore, after the insertion of the scions 20, the stock 38
Without the need for complicated work such as clamping the upper end portion of the clip with a fixing aid such as a clip.
Can be bonded together. Further, the water and nutrients sucked up from the roots of the rootstock 38 after the transplantation are smoothly supplied to the scion 20 through the conduit 45, and are generated by the scion 20 growing and performing photosynthesis. The photosynthesis product such as starch is contained in the phloem 4
Since it is supplied to the stock 38 through 6, both the scion 20 and the stock 38 grow in a well-balanced manner.

Further, the outer skin of the scion 20 is connected to the joining projections 4.
3 is cut off over the entire circumference, and the epidermis is
4 so that the callus formed from the joint surface of the scion 20 joined to the rootstock 38 in the rootstock 38 forms a root in the joint (the scion 20) Can be prevented reliably.

Since the lower end portion of the spike 20 is inserted into the insertion hole 27 of the taper die 23 and positioned as described above, the lower end portion is sequentially cut. Even in the case of an object having a small thickness and a soft shaft portion, the shape of the joining projection 43 can be prevented from being distorted, and can be accurately formed in a conical shape corresponding to a lower portion of the insertion hole 27.

The cutting blade 25 is connected to the cutting blade drive mechanism 2.
6 drives the taper die 23
The cutting blade 25 is moved up and down along the inclined surface 24 formed on the taper die 23 together with the turntable 22.
In addition, since the lower end of the scion 20 is cut by rotating the cutting blade 25, the outer peripheral portion 20 a of the scion 20 can be smoothly squeezed without the lower end of the scion 20 being crushed by the cutting blade 25. And it can cut properly.

The joining projection 43 formed at the lower end of the scion 20 need not necessarily be formed in a perfect conical shape, but may be formed in a polygonal pyramid shape close to a conical shape. It may be trapezoidal. In addition, Hogi 2
0, the angle of the cone forming the joining projection 43, and the stock 3
The angle of the conical hole constituting the eight concave holes 44 does not necessarily have to correspond exactly to the angle of the conical hole, and the angles may be set slightly different. When the joining protrusion 43 is fitted, at least one of the joining protrusion 43 or the concave hole 44 may be deformed so that both are brought into close contact with each other.

Further, a joining projection having a tapered conical surface is formed at the upper end of the stock 38,
It may be configured such that a concave hole into which the joining protrusion is fitted is formed at the lower end of the zero. Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the grafting method according to the present invention is automatically performed using the grafting device has been described. You may comprise so that a tree and a stock may be joined.

[0039]

As described above, according to the present invention, one of the lower end of the scion or the upper end of the stock is cut into a tapered shape to form a conical joining projection, and A conical recess corresponding to the joining protrusion is formed at the other of the upper end of the tree or the lower end of the scion, and the two are joined by fitting the joining protrusion into the recess. As a result, the two can be automatically positioned and joined in close contact. Accordingly, the scion and rootstock can be joined in an appropriate state to obtain an excellent survival rate, and both the scion and rootstock can be grown in a well-balanced manner.

Further, the joint between the scion and the stock can be fused without clamping the upper end of the stock after the insertion of the scion with a fixing aid such as a clip. There is an advantage that the installation work and the removal work of the fixing auxiliary tool, which has been described above, are omitted, whereby the work of joining the above-mentioned scion and the stock can be easily automated.

Further, the epidermis of the scion does not fit into the recess of the stock, preventing callus (adhesion tissue) from being generated in the stock, and the callus grows to cause the scion to grow. Since rooting can be prevented in the joint portion, it is possible to reliably prevent a situation in which the rootstock is cracked.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall configuration of a grafting device used to carry out a grafting method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a configuration of a scion conveying means.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a scion holding member and a scion elevating mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a scion processing means.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a taper die.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a stock processing means.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a process of processing the scion.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a processing state of a scion and a stock.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state in which the scion and the stock are joined.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a conventional example of a scion and a stock.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 20 Hogi 25 Cutting blade 27 Insertion hole 38 Rootstock 39 Drill blade 42 Working part 43 Joining projection 44 Concave hole

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tomio Kobayashi 3-28-14 Mozutome Umecho, Sakai City, Osaka (56) References JP-A-2-190118 (JP, A) (58) Fields surveyed (Int .Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01G 1/06

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A grafting method for joining a scion formed by cutting a lower part of a seedling to a stock formed by cutting an upper part of a seedling, wherein the cutting blade uses a cutting blade.
Raise the cutting blade so that the outer periphery of the tree or rootstock is cut diagonally.
Move the cutting blade around the shaft of the scion or stock while lowering it.
By rotating, the to form a joint projection with a conical surface of the tapered-off to one of the upper end of the lower portion or the rootstock of the scion, concave to the joining protrusion is fitted to the other of A method of grafting, comprising: after forming a hole, inserting the joining protrusion into the recess so that the two are fitted together.