JP2971775B2 - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment method and a waste treatment apparatus for purifying waste such as garbage discharged from ordinary households.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Household waste discharged from ordinary households is steadily increasing day by day, and today, there is an inconvenience that the increased household waste cannot be processed smoothly, which has been taken up as a major social problem. For this reason, it is desirable to dispose of garbage that can be treated in ordinary households at each household, and it is required that garbage that can be recycled, such as waste paper, be sorted and cooperated with the collection. By the way, in household garbage discharged from homes, so-called garbage discharged from the kitchen is a mixture of various kinds of garbage such as debris such as vegetables and fruits, meat pieces, egg shells, fish bones, or leftover meal residue. In addition, it emits a peculiar stench and dripping of dirty juice makes it difficult to handle as compared with trash discarded in a regular trash can.

[0003] Garbage is regularly collected by traders in the same manner as ordinary garbage. However, garbage left until the day of collection becomes food for pests such as flies and creatures, and multiplies these pests. In addition to the above factors, in summer when the temperature is high, rot starts by the date of collection, and the bad smell may cause inconvenience such as unpleasant life. By the way, even for garbage that is avoided at home as described above, garbage contains abundant nutrients that are useful for plant growth. Attempts have been made, and devices such as compost have been proposed. And if many households implement such recycling of garbage, it is expected that today's garbage problem will be greatly improved.

[0004] However, turning garbage into fertilizer requires a lot of time and labor, and the work is complicated. For example, only a few households make garbage into fertilizer. At present, most garbage is incinerated or landfilled like ordinary garbage. On the other hand, apart from the above-mentioned garbage problem, a human waste purification tank that processes human waste has been conventionally known as a waste treatment device that can be used in ordinary households. This human waste septic tank breeds microorganisms capable of chemically decomposing human waste in a septic tank storing human waste, and the microorganisms can purify the human waste to an extent that the human waste can be discharged as general wastewater. I have. By the way, the human waste treated by the human waste septic tank is the same food as the kitchen garbage discharged from the kitchen before being digested and absorbed by the digestive organs of the human body. Many.

However, garbage cannot be purified by the septic tank for treating human waste.
On the other hand, a system for crushing garbage and the like and discharging the garbage to the sewage system is also known, but this method is not popular except in some countries because it imposes an excessive burden on the sewage treatment system.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is intended to purify garbage and the like discharged from kitchens of ordinary households. That is,
The gist of the waste treatment technology according to the present invention is that a decomposition treatment solution containing anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, this decomposition treatment solution is mixed with the object, and the object is crushed and stirred. Then, the object to be treated is chemically decomposed and purified by the anaerobic bacteria in the decomposition treatment solution, and the filter member to which the aerobic bacteria are adhered is treated with air and the decomposition treatment solution that has passed through the purification treatment step. A mixture of the mixture, and aerobic bacteria prey on the anaerobic bacteria in the mixture, and the aerobic bacteria chemically decompose the substance to be treated in the mixture, and the solution is passed through a filtration member. The water quality is adjusted by contact, and the generated water that has been subjected to these purification treatments flows out,
After the gas generated in the treatment process is sterilized and deodorized, the exhaust gas is treated, the residue that is not chemically decomposed is dehydrated, and the extract is further purified.
This aims to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems.

[0007] A waste treatment apparatus embodying the above-mentioned gist comprises a decomposition treatment liquid tank for storing a decomposition treatment liquid containing anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, a decomposition treatment liquid from the decomposition treatment liquid tank, and A first purification tank for storing the processing object, a crushing means provided in the first purification tank for crushing the processing object, and a stirring means for mixing the decomposition processing liquid and the crushed processing object; A first treatment unit for chemically decomposing the object to be treated by anaerobic bacteria in the liquid, a second purification tank for storing a mixed liquid of the decomposition treatment liquid and the object to be treated that has passed through the first treatment unit, (2) a filter member detachably provided in the septic tank and capable of adhering aerobic bacteria; and an air supply means for sending air to the mixed solution in the second septic tank, wherein the filter member passes the air and the first processing means. Through the mixed liquid of the By doing so, the anaerobic bacteria are eaten by the aerobic bacteria, the object to be treated is chemically decomposed, and the water quality is adjusted by the filtration treatment of the filtration member. A product water outlet provided in the second septic tank for flowing out the treated water, and gas treatment means for sterilizing and deodorizing generated gas generated in the first and second septic tanks and exhausting the gas out of the septic tank. And a dewatering means for dehydrating a residue that is not chemically decomposed in the first and second septic tanks, sending an extract to the first septic tank, and removing the dewatered residue outside the septic tank. Residue treatment means, a heater for heating a liquid mixture of the decomposition treatment liquid and the object to be treated, operation of the crushing means and stirring means of the first treatment means, air of the air supply means of the second treatment means Supply A control means connected to each of the means for controlling the operation of the gas processing means, the operation of the residue processing means, the heating temperature of the heater, etc. Is to solve the overestimation.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 are views showing an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus for performing the waste treatment, and FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 are flowcharts showing waste treatment steps according to the present invention. First, the configuration of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the flow direction of an object to be treated and exhaust gas of the waste treatment apparatus shown in FIG. , And FIG.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the waste disposal apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.

The waste treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises a first purification treatment means A and a second purification treatment means B, wherein the first purification treatment means A comprises a first storage tank A1, Storage tank A
2. It has a first purification tank consisting of a third storage tank A3, and the second purification processing means B has a fourth storage tank B1 as a second purification tank. And the objects to be treated, such as garbage,
First, the purification processing is performed by the first purification processing means A, and then the purification processing is further performed by the second processing means B. In addition, a flow path D1 is provided at a lower portion between the first storage tank A1 and the second storage tank A2 of the first purification processing means A, and is provided between the second storage tank A2 and the third storage tank A3. In FIG. 2, a flow path D2 is provided in an upper part, and a flow path D3 is provided in a lower part between the third storage tank A3 and the fourth storage tank of the second processing means B, as shown in FIG. Arrow D
The object to be processed can be made to flow to the next storage tank as indicated by a, Db, and Dc.

The fourth storage tank B1 of the second processing means B
Inside, an upright discharge pipe 8 is provided, and this discharge pipe 8 has an inflow port at an upper end and a lower end is connected to the tank T. The tank T is provided with a produced water outlet 20 protruding outside the waste treatment treatment. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a frame of the waste treatment apparatus, and the frame 1 is always in a sealed state so that the odor in each of the storage tanks and the object to be processed do not leak outside. . Reference numeral 2 denotes a closed door, and the closed door 2 opens and closes above the first storage tank A1 of the first purification treatment means A as shown by an arrow in FIG.
An object to be processed can be charged into the first storage tank A1. A magnet is built in each of the contact portions between the sealing door 2 and the frame 1 so that the sealing door 2 and the frame 1 can be easily and reliably brought into close contact with each other.

The sealing door 2 is provided with a detecting means (not shown) for detecting an open / closed state and transmitting a signal to a control means C of the waste disposal apparatus. Operate crushing means, gas processing means, etc.
It can be stopped. Reference numeral 3 denotes crushing means provided in the first storage tank A1 of the first purification processing means A. The crushing means 3 has a plurality of small holes of 2.5 mm below and the closed door above. A crushing cup 3a having an input port facing the crushing cup 2;
The crushing blade 3b is rotatable in a, and the motor M1 rotates the crushing blade 3b. 3d
Is a blow-up prevention plate provided near the inlet of the crushing cup 3a, and the blow-up prevention plate 3d is a crushing blade 3b.
It is provided to prevent the flying objects flying up due to the rotation from polluting the inlet of the crushing cup 3a, and to return the flying objects flying up to the small hole direction.

The plurality of small holes of the crushing cup 3a are formed up to the same height as the boundary plate 21 forming the flow path D2 and the upper part of the discharge pipe 8, and this height is set in each storage tank. If the water level rises more than this, the discharge pipe 8 discharges the surplus product liquid from the fourth storage tank B1. By the way, on the inner surface of the sealing door 2, there is provided a lid capable of closing the inlet of the crushing cup 3 a and a sealing means 2 a composed of a spring provided between the lid and the sealing door 2. Thus, when the sealing door 2 is closed, the inlet of the crushing cup 3a can be sealed by the sealing means 2a.

The motor M1 of the crushing means 3 is wired through the detecting means of the closed door 2 and the control means C. When the closed door 2 is closed, the crushing blade is operated by the signal of the control means C. 3b is rotated for a predetermined time (about 5 minutes in this embodiment). In addition, this motor M1
In addition to rotating when the sealing door 2 is opened and closed, the timer can be intermittently rotated at a fixed time by a timer provided in the control means C. Further, the sealing door 2 is not opened while the crushing blade 3b is rotating in order to prevent breakage. The motor M1 and the shaft 3e rotatably supporting the crushing blade 3b are connected by a belt 14, and when a strong resistance is generated in the crushing blade 3b, that is, the crushing blade 3b is stopped by involving a spoon or the like. In this case, by causing slip between the belt 14 and the motor M1 or the shaft 3e, transmission of excessive power to the crushing blade 3b can be prevented, and breakage of the crushing blade 3b can be avoided. It has become. Further, when such a problem occurs, the waste disposal apparatus emits a warning sound to notify that the crushing blade 3b has stopped abnormally.

On the other hand, 3c is a stirring means, which is fixed to a shaft 3e which rotatably supports the crushing blade 3b as shown in FIG.
It can be rotated by the motor M1 below a. The agitation means 3c can prevent the crushed object to be mixed with the liquid in the storage tank, as well as prevent the crushed object from remaining and coagulating below the crushing cup 3a. At the same time, it also functions as a moving means for moving the pulverized object to the next storage tank. H is a heater provided in the second storage tank A2 of the first processing means A, and the heater H can adjust its heating temperature by the temperature adjusting means 12 installed below the frame 1. I can do it.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a filter member which is detachably provided in the fourth storage tank B1 of the second processing means B. The filter member 5 has a lid 1a provided on the upper portion of the frame 1 in an open state. By doing so, it is possible to take out from the fourth storage tank B1. FIG. 4 is an external perspective view showing the filtering member 5. The filtering member 5 has a mesh basket 5 a having a predetermined shape that can be stored in the fourth storage tank B <b> 1, and is stored in the mesh basket 5 a. Filter material 5b, and the filter material 5b is formed in four layers as shown in the figure, and the lowermost first filter material is 5 m.
m, and the second filter medium above the medium filter medium material is about 3 mm, and the third filter medium above the medium filter medium material is a small ceramic material about 1 mm. The uppermost fourth filter medium is formed of coral material of 1 m to 5 m. That is, the filtering material 5b can perform fine filtration as it goes upward.

Further, an air supply means E is provided in the fourth storage tank B1 in which the filtering member 5 is installed.
The air supply means E includes an air diffuser 15 provided below the filter member 5 and having a plurality of small holes, and an air supply pump P1 for sending air outside the waste treatment apparatus to the air diffuser 15. It is configured. On the other hand, F is the gas generated from the crushing cup 3 and the second to fourth storage tanks,
It is a gas treatment means that sterilizes and deodorizes bad odors and exhausts them outside the storage tank. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the gas processing means F generates an ozone gas, an exhaust pipe 31 that is provided in the crushing cup 3a and the second to fourth storage tanks, an air pump 11 that performs intake and exhaust. An ozone generator 10,
An odor adsorbing filter 7 for adsorbing offensive odors.

The air pump 11 is installed directly on the exhaust pipe of the crushing cup 3a, as shown in FIG. 2, and is constructed so as to exhaust a particularly large amount of air from the crushing cup 3a. An air pump 11 is provided in the crushing cup 3a.
A negative pressure box 21 whose air pressure is reduced by the suction of air is provided, and the gas in the crushing cup 3a flows out through the negative pressure box 21. And
The air pump 11 of the gas processing means F starts to operate only when the sealing door 2 is opened, and the operation is continued for a certain period of time after the closing of the sealing door 2 (in this embodiment, about a certain time). 1 minute). In addition,
The specific configuration and operation of the gas processing means F will be described later.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a decomposition treatment liquid tank. The decomposition treatment liquid tank 6 stores a decomposition treatment liquid capable of decomposing an object to be treated, and transfers the decomposition treatment liquid to the crushing cup. 3a can be dropped. As shown in FIG. 2, the decomposition treatment liquid tank 6 includes an outflow pipe connected to the negative pressure box 21 installed in the crushing cup 3a.
A predetermined amount (about 5 cc in this embodiment) of the crushing cup 3a is stored by the suction effect caused by the decrease in the air pressure of the negative pressure box 21 caused by the continuous evacuation operation of the gas processing means F. It can be dropped inside. The decomposition treatment liquid tank 6
Stores the decomposition treatment liquid (about 1000 cc) for about half a year in consideration of the frequency of use of ordinary waste treatment equipment in ordinary households.

On the other hand, reference numeral 30 denotes an outflow pipe provided between the fourth storage tank B1 and the negative pressure box 21 of the crushing cup 3a.
When the air pressure in the negative pressure box 21 is reduced, the outflow pipe 30 discharges the purified liquid (product liquid) that has reached the upper part in the fourth storage tank B1 and has been purified to the approximately 300 cc crushing cup 3a. You can do it. The generated water flowing into the crushing installment 3a is supplied to the crushing cup 3a.
Even when the object to be treated put into the garbage is not easily turned into liquid, for example, dried bread, the garbage is supplied to the crushing cup 3a so as to easily flow out of the crushing cup 3a into the first storage tank A1. Is what is done.

Incidentally, the decomposition treatment liquid stored in the decomposition treatment liquid tank 6 contains microorganisms capable of chemically decomposing the substance to be treated, and the waste treatment apparatus can efficiently use the decomposition treatment liquid. The object can be purified. This decomposition solution contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, koji molds and the like as anaerobic bacteria, and also contains useful actinomycetes (gram-positive actinomycetes) as aerobic bacteria. It is produced by mixing after pure culture. The aerobic bacteria weaken the activity even in the decomposition solution without air supply, but do not die.

Next, a waste treatment device, a decomposition solution,
The purifying action of the object to be treated by the method will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it is necessary for the waste treatment apparatus to store a predetermined amount of water in the apparatus as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and this water uses a water containing a predetermined amount of a decomposition treatment liquid. In order to purify the garbage discharged from the kitchen, first, the closed door 2 is opened, and the garbage to be processed is put into the crushing cup 3a. The raw garbage to be input may be not only liquid garbage which is relatively easily liquefied, such as scraps of vegetables and fruits, meat pieces and the like, but also solid substances which are not easily liquefied such as egg shells and fish bones. It is necessary to remove vinyl, plastic, etc. for packing food in advance, but it is not necessary to remove small pieces of vinyl, plastic, or sand particles that have fallen into the garbage from the garbage. Like the refuse, it may be put into the crushing cup 3a.

When the garbage is charged, the gas processing means F operates the exhaust pump 11 to exhaust the gas (bad odor) in the crushing cup 3a as described above. No stink of garbage. When the closed door 2 is closed after the garbage is charged, the control means C
The crushing means 3 operates for a predetermined time as described above via
The input garbage is crushed by the crushing blade 3b into small pieces of about 1 mm. Relatively hard garbage such as egg shells and fish bones in garbage can be crushed by the sharp crushing blade 3b.

The object (garbage) pulverized by the crushing means 3 passes through a plurality of small holes of the crushing cup 3a, flows out to the first storage tank A1, and is provided below the crushing cup 3a. The solution is mixed with the decomposition solution in the first storage tank A1 by the stirring means 3c. (Step 1) Next, the mixed liquid of the object to be treated and the decomposition treatment liquid stays in the first storage tank for a predetermined time, and then passes through the flow path D1 to pass through the second storage tank A.
Flow to 2. That is, if the object to be treated is repeatedly charged into the crushing cup 3a, the water level of the first storage tank A1 temporarily rises when the object to be treated is charged, and then the water level of the first storage tank A1 is gradually increased. Fig. 2 so that it is the same as the water level in the tank
As shown by arrows Da, Db, and Dc, the liquid in each storage tank flows so as to be sequentially pushed out to the adjacent storage tank. The surplus liquid that has reached the upper part of the fourth storage tank flows out of the apparatus through the discharge pipe 8.

Then, the mixed liquid of the object and the decomposition treatment liquid flowing into the second storage tank A2 is heated to about 30 degrees Celsius by the heater H while staying in the second storage tank A2. (Step 2) Next, the mixed liquid of the object to be processed and the decomposition treatment liquid that has passed through the second storage A2 reaches the third storage tank A3 via the flow path D2. (Step 3) By the way,
The mixed liquid composed of the object to be treated and the decomposition treatment liquid stays in the first storage tank A1 and the third storage tank A3 of the first purification treatment means A for about one week, respectively, and in the second storage tank A2, about 1 week.
It is set to stay for 0 days.

The residence time of the mixed liquid in each storage tank varies depending on the capacity of the storage tank and the amount of the object to be treated, but the object to be treated (garbage) discharged from a general household (family of four). )
Considering the amount, the total amount of each storage tank of the first purification processing means A is formed to be about 20 liters, and the second storage tank A2 is formed to be about 30% larger than the other storage tanks A1 and A3. Residence time can be secured. And this first
In the purification processing means A (Step 1), (Step 2), and (Step 3), the objects to be treated that stay in each storage tank are photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and koji mold used as anaerobic bacteria in the decomposition solution. The chemical decomposition is performed as follows.

[0026] Highly composed of carbon, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and oxygen (O), such as starch, cellulose, lipids, etc., which are relatively large in garbage to be treated. The molecular organic matter (C _{a Hb} O _c ) _n is decomposed (hydrolyzed) in water to become a low molecular weight organic matter containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms (C). The anaerobic bacteria described above, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and koji molds, which are anaerobic bacteria, are actively activated in each storage tank and act as catalysts for accelerating their decomposition.

And, the organic polymer (C _{a Hb} O _c ) _n
Is rapidly hydrolyzed to low molecular organic substances such as acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ ) butyric acid (C ₄ H ₈ O ₂ ) propionic acid (C ₃ H ₆ O ₂ ) ethyl alcohol (C ₂ H ₆ O) Can be disassembled.

The protein contained in the garbage is
It is decomposed into the amino acid RCH (NH ₂ ) COOH by the above-mentioned hydrolysis. Further, the low-molecular-weight organic substance composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) is further decomposed by an anaerobic bacterium as in the following formula, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and methane ( CH ₄ ).

[0029]

The amino acid RCH (NH ₂ ) COOH formed by hydrolysis of protein is converted to ammonia (NH
₃ ) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). The chemical decomposition described above is a decomposition action usually performed by anaerobic bacteria,
Each bacterium that lives in the decomposition treatment solution, apart from the decomposition described above,
Each has the following specific decomposition action. For example, Aspergillus oryzae in the digestion solution produce amylase, which is a hydrolase, and the amylase causes starch (C ₆ H ₁₀
O ₅ ) can be decomposed into maltose (C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ ) as in the following formula.

[0031] Maltose (C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ ) is dissolved in water (H ₂ O) to become glucose (C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ ). (C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ ) + H ₂ O → 2 (C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ ) On the other hand, lactic acid bacteria convert glucose (C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ ) with carbon dioxide CO ₂ and alcohol C ₂ H ₅ O. , Lactic acid CH ₃ CH
It can be decomposed into (OH) COOH as in the following formula.

Also, photosynthetic bacteria have the property of removing bad smells as used for the purpose of removing bad smells in pig farms, poultry farms and other livestock farms, and are also contained in the processed material (garbage). Acetic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and mercaptans with a strong unpleasant odor, which are considered to be removed, can be removed. Acetic acid (C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ ) is an example of carbon dioxide CO
₂ and hydrogen H ₂ as follows. CH ₃ COOH + 2H ₂ O → 2CO ₂ + 4H ₂ and photosynthetic bacteria can decompose hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), which is highly toxic and emits a rotten odor, into water H ₂ O and sulfur S. 2H ₂ S + O ₂ → 2H ₂ O + S

As described above, koji mold in the decomposition solution,
Lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria can effectively decompose the treatment object by the decomposition action unique to each bacterium, as described above, apart from the decomposition action of general anaerobic bacteria (promotion of hydrolysis, etc.). is there. By the way, the chemical decomposition of the object to be treated by the anaerobic bacteria in the decomposition treatment liquid is carried out at the stage where the object to be treated is put into the first storage tank A1 of the first purification treatment means A and the object to be treated and the decomposition treatment liquid are mixed. , The most active chemical decomposition by the anaerobic bacteria is in the second storage tank A2. That is, the heater H is provided in the second storage tank A2 as described above, and the heater H heats the mixed liquid to about 30 degrees Celsius at which the anaerobic bacteria can be actively activated. The above-mentioned chemical decomposition is also actively performed. The calcareous material such as egg shells and fish bones crushed by the crushing means 3 in the second storage tank A2 is dissolved directly by anaerobic lactic acid bacteria or by lactic acid (acid solution) generated by lactic acid bacteria. Is done.

As described above, the first purifying means A can decompose and purify the object by the anaerobic bacteria in the decomposition solution. In addition, objects to be processed that cannot be decomposed by the first purification processing means A, for example, small pieces of plastic or vinyl, sand particles, etc., fall into the residue storage tool 9 installed on the bottom surface of the second storage tank A2.

On the other hand, the mixed liquid composed of the object to be processed and the decomposition treatment liquid that has passed through the first purification treatment means A flows to the fourth storage tank B1 of the second purification treatment means B, In B1, it stays for about one week and is further purified.
(Step 4) The fourth storage tank B of the second purification processing means B
In 1, the anaerobic bacterium which decomposed the object to be treated by the above-mentioned first purification treatment means A will be killed. That is, the fourth
The air supply means E is installed in the storage tank B1 as described above, and the air is supplied into the storage tank by the air diffuser 15, so that the anaerobic bacteria that dislike the air are killed by the supplied air. Further, the filtering member 5 stored in the fourth storage tank B1 can disperse the air from the air diffuser 15 in the fourth storage tank B1, and supply the air to every corner of the fourth purification tank B1.

On the other hand, in the fourth septic tank B1 to which air is supplied, the aerobic bacteria (Gram-positive actinomycetes) in the decomposition solution start to be active and prey on the anaerobic bacteria to proliferate. Can be. The aerobic bacteria can oxidize the object to be treated with oxygen (O ₂ ) in the supplied air to chemically decompose (oxidize and decompose) the object to be treated. The oxidative decomposition of the object to be treated (organic matter) by the aerobic bacterium is carried out as follows. Aerobic bacteria can decompose a substance to be treated and decompose it into carbon dioxide CO ₂ and water H ₂ O.

[0037] The aerobic bacterium can oxidize ammonia (NH ₃ ) and decompose it into nitrogen N ₂ and water H ₂ O according to the following formula. 4NH ₃ + 3O ₂ → 2N ₂ + 6H ₂ O Further, by oxidizing ammonia hydrate (NH ₄ OH), it can be oxidized and decomposed into hydroxylamine (NH ₂ OH) and water H ₂ O NH ₄ OH + ( 1/2) O ₂ → NH ₂ OH + H ₂ O Then, hydroxylamine (NH ₂ OH) can be oxidized and oxidatively decomposed into nitrous acid gas (HNO ₂ ) and water H ₂ O. NH ₂ OH + O ₂ → HNO ₂ + H ₂ O

By the way, in the fourth storage tank B1, the aerobic bacteria capable of oxidatively decomposing the object to be treated as described above prey on the above-described anaerobic bacteria in an environment where air is supplied. The aerobic bacteria are stored in the fourth storage tank B
It grows so as to adhere to the surface of the filter member 5 installed in the device 1 to form a membrane (biofilm). The aerobic bacteria adhering to the surface of the filtering member 5 so as to form a film can secure a very wide contact surface with the object to be processed, and the object to be processed passing through the filtering member 5 Can be efficiently oxidatively decomposed. As shown in FIG. 4, the filtering member 5 includes a first filtering material made of a large-sized ceramic material of about 5 mm at the lowermost portion, and a second filtering material made of a medium-sized ceramic material of about 3 mm above the first filtering material. Further, a third filter medium made of a small ceramic material of about 1 mm is provided above the fourth filter medium, and a fourth filter medium formed of a corrugated material of 1 m to 5 m is provided at the uppermost part. Since the filtration can be performed, the water quality can be adjusted by, for example, capturing suspended particles of the object to be processed that pass through (float) the fourth storage tank B1, sludge particles that cause turbid water, and the like. Can be 6 to 8.

The aerobic bacterium which forms a membrane on the surface of the filter member and proliferates is separated from the filter member 5 when the formed film has a certain thickness, and is placed on the bottom of the fourth storage tank B1. It falls into the residue storage tool 9 to be performed. The air that rises from the air diffuser 15 as it passes through the filtering member 5 stimulates a film made of aerobic bacteria adhering to the filtering member 5 to accelerate the separation and falling of the film. Can be. Since the filtering ability of the filtering member 5 decreases in proportion to the use time, the filtering member 5 has a predetermined period (3 in this embodiment).
When used, it is necessary to replace it with a new filter member 5, and the used filter member 5 may be disposed of as non-combustible waste.

The object to be processed, which has passed through the fourth storage tank B1 and has reached the upper part of the fourth storage tank B1, ie, the above-described anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, is subjected to a purification treatment. The liquid from which the anaerobic bacteria and the aerobic bacteria have been removed in the fourth storage tank B1 becomes odorless, harmless, sterile, and clear water without turbidity. The generated water flows out of the generated water outlet 20 via the discharge pipe 8 and the tank T. Incidentally, when phosphorus (P ₄ ) is contained in a large amount in wastewater discharged to rivers, lakes, and the like as seen in residual effluent of synthetic detergents, this phosphorus (P ₄ ) contains nutrients such as algae and moss. However, the generated water flowing out of the waste treatment apparatus does not contain much phosphorus (P ₄ ) and may flow out into a river or sea.

That is, a large amount of phosphorus (P) is contained in an object to be treated (garbage) subjected to a purification treatment by the waste treatment apparatus.
₄ ), the phosphorus (P ₄ ) in the object becomes a nutrient for the anaerobic and aerobic bacteria when the object is purified by the anaerobic and aerobic bacteria described above. Since both bacteria predated by these and predating phosphorus (P ₄ ) are removed by the second treatment means B, the generated water flowing out of the waste treatment apparatus contains a large amount of phosphorus (P ₄ ). And it can safely flow into rivers and seas.

On the other hand, when purifying the object to be treated by the waste treatment apparatus, various gases and odors are emitted from the above-mentioned storage tanks. For this reason, the above-mentioned gas processing means F is provided in the waste disposal apparatus. Next, the configuration of the gas processing means F and the gas processing method will be described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway front view showing the structure of the gas processing means F.
Are an exhaust pipe 31 connected to the crushing cup 3a and the second to fourth storage tanks, an air pump 11 for suction / discharge, and an ozone generator 10 for generating ozone gas.
And an odor adsorbing filter 7 that adsorbs bad odors. The air pump 11 is installed directly on the exhaust pipe of the crushing cup 3a, and starts operating when the sealing door 2 is opened. The capacity is set to about 10 times the capacity.

By the operation of the air pump 11, when the object to be treated (garbage) is introduced into the waste disposal apparatus, the stench of rising from the object to be treated is sucked, and the operation of introducing the object to be treated is comfortable. Can be something. The air pump 11 continues to operate for about one minute even when the closed door 2 is closed.
As described above, it acts as a driving force for sucking the decomposition solution from the decomposition solution tank 6. The to-be-processed gas in the crushing cup 3a sucked by the air pump 11 that emits a bad smell is sent to the ozone generator 10.

On the other hand, the second to fourth storage tanks A2, A3,
At the time of odor gas and purification treatment in B1 (at the time of chemical decomposition)
The gas to be treated, which is generated gas generated at the time of
1 flows into the ozone generator 10. During the operation of the air pump 11, the air is combined with the gas to be processed from the air pump 11 and is forcibly sent to the ozone generator 10. Then, the ozone generator 10 performs deodorization and sterilization by mixing ozone gas (O ₃ ) with the gas to be treated and oxidizing the gas to be treated. (Step 1) That is,
Ozone gas consisting of three atoms (O ₃ ) rapidly oxidizes malodorous molecules and pathogens in the gas to be treated to become two atoms (O ₂ ) of oxygen, kills the oxidized pathogens, and emits malodorous molecules (ammonia NH _3). ) (Hydrogen sulfide H ₂ S) or the like can be different molecules (molecules that do not smell). In other words, this ozone acts as a strong oxidizing agent, its effectiveness as an oxidizing agent is stronger than oxygen consisting of two atoms (O ₂ ), and its oxidation starts at a lower temperature than oxygen.

The gas to be treated, which has been deodorized and sterilized by the ozone generator 10, is supplied to the odor adsorbing filter 7.
And is further deodorized in the odor adsorption filter 7. (Step 2) Next, the odor adsorption filter will be described with reference to FIG. In the drawing, 7e is a frame, 7a is an inflow pipe provided below the frame 7e, 7b
An outflow pipe is provided above the frame 7e. Also, 7
d is a fine ceramic material to be filled in the frame 7e. A plurality of small holes are formed at equal intervals in the inflow pipe 7a and the outflow pipe 7b, respectively, as shown in the figure.
The inflow pipe 7a is connected to the ozone generator 10, and the outflow pipe 7b has an outflow port 7c protruding outside the frame 7e. The odor adsorption filter 7 disperses the gas to be processed from the ozone generator 10 in the fine ceramic material 7d through a plurality of small holes of the inflow pipe 7a. The dispersed gas to be processed passes through the fine-grained ceramic material 7d, reaches small holes of the outflow pipe 7b, and is exhausted through the outflow pipe 7b and the outflow port 7c.

The gas to be treated is fine ceramic material 7
During the passage of d, the fine ceramic material 7d deodorizes. The deodorizing action of the fine-grained ceramic material 7d has a stronger deodorizing power than a well-known coconut shell activated carbon and the like, and has a longer use period, and is excellent as a deodorizing material for a waste treatment apparatus. The fine ceramic material 7d is made of (ammonia NH ₃ )
It is possible to treat not only the odor such as (nitrite gas HNO ₂ ) but also the ozone odor of the ozone generator 10. It is necessary to replace the fine-grained ceramic material 7d, since its effectiveness is reduced when used for about three years.
Since the odor adsorption filter 7 and the ozone generation device 10 are connected by the detachable connection portion 32, the odor adsorption filter 7 can be easily replaced together with the odor adsorption filter 7 when the fine ceramic material 7d is replaced. As described above, the gas treatment means F emits odorless gas from the waste treatment device,
It can be processed aseptically. The generated gas flowing out of the gas processing means F contains abundant carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated during the above-described anaerobic purification treatment.

On the other hand, when the object to be treated is purified by the waste treatment apparatus, residues that cannot be decomposed are generated in the above-mentioned storage tanks. The residue is accumulated in a residue storage section 9 provided at the bottom of the storage tank. By the way, the amount of this residue is as small as about 1% of the amount of the material to be introduced into the waste treatment device. However, if this residue is left untreated, the treatment capacity of the waste treatment device is reduced, and finally the waste material is reduced. This causes clogging of the processing apparatus and stops the function of the waste processing apparatus. For this reason, the waste disposal apparatus is provided with a residue processing means G, which is provided with a suction pump P2 for sucking up the residue,
And a centrifugal separator J as a dehydrating means. (See Fig. 2)

Next, the structure of the residue processing means G and the method of processing the residue will be described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 6, and 9. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 9 denotes a residue storage tool provided at the bottom of the second to fourth storage tanks A2, A3, and B1, and the residue storage tool 9 is a second storage tank A.
One at the bottom of the second and third and fourth storage tanks A3, B1
One is provided at the bottom of the. And the suction pump P
2 is provided with a suction pipe 25 provided in both the residue storage tools 9 as shown in the figure, and the suction pipe 25 can suck up the residue accumulated in the both residue storage tools 9. It has become.

Further, the residue sucked by the suction pump P2 is sent to a centrifugal separator J installed above the waste disposal device. (Step 1) FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the centrifugal separator J. Next, the centrifugal separator J will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, 41
Is an airtight container, and the airtight container 41 is provided with an inflow pipe 45 on the upper side and an outflow pipe 46 on the lower side.
The cover 43 is configured to be closed when the cover 43 is closed. Reference numeral 42 denotes a rotating container.
2 has a plurality of small holes as shown in the figure, and is rotatable in the container 41. M2 is a motor, and the motor M2 can rotate the rotary container 42 in the container 42. Also, 44
Is a filter paper pack. The filter paper pack 44 has a bag shape with a U-shaped cross section, and a tightening cord 44a is sewn in an annular shape near the opening as shown in the figure. The filter paper pack 44 is stored in the rotary container 42.

The inflow pipe 45 of the container 41 is connected to the suction pump P2, and the filter paper pack 44 in which the residue sucked by the suction pump P2 is stored in the rotary container 42.
It can be made to flow into. Also,
The outflow pipe 46 of the container 41 is connected to the second storage tank A2. (See FIG. 2) The centrifugal separation device J can remove (dehydrate) the moisture of the residue by centrifugal force by rotating the residue sucked from each storage tank. That is. Moisture contained in the residue by the centrifugal force penetrates and passes through the filter paper pack 44, passes through the small hole of the rotating container, and is dropped from the outflow pipe 46 to the second storage tank A2.

The dehydrated and substantially dried residue remains in the filter paper pack 44. To process the filter paper pack 44, a part of the tightening cord 44a provided on the filter paper pack 44 is removed. When the filter paper pack 44 is lifted upward, the opening of the filter paper pack 44 is closed, and the handling thereof is easy. Note that the residue in the filter paper pack 44 is a small piece of plastic, vinyl, or the like, or sand particles that have been mixed in the material to be processed, so that the filter paper pack 44 may be disposed of as noncombustible waste. The residue processing means J can be operated once every three to six months by a timer, and the operation timing may be set at each home.

As described above, the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention can efficiently treat garbage that is discharged from the kitchen and is difficult to handle as compared with general garbage. Further, ozone gas may be diffused into generated water flowing out of the waste treatment apparatus, and ozone treatment means for oxidizing the generated water may be provided to decompose nitrogen and phosphoric acid in the generated water. If this ozone treatment means is provided, more reliable treatment of exhaust water can be performed. In addition,
In this embodiment, an example of a waste disposal apparatus used in a general household has been described. However, this waste disposal apparatus can be used in a company, a school, and the like. Is basically the same as the above except that the capacity of the storage tank or the like is changed.

Further, the waste disposal apparatus can be used as a school teaching material. That is, if the frame 1 of the waste treatment apparatus is formed of a transparent resin plate and the inside thereof is configured to be observable, it is possible to efficiently treat garbage and to learn the substance decomposition action of microorganisms. Can be. Pools such as schools are stored as fire protection water during the winter season, but if generated water that does not contain a large amount of phosphorus from waste treatment equipment flows into such pools, the generation of algae, moss, etc. is prevented to prevent fire water. This eliminates the need for replacement and saves water resources.

On the other hand, FIG. 10 is a view showing a second embodiment of the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention. This waste disposal apparatus is different from the above-mentioned waste disposal apparatus in that fish breeding means 50 is provided.
And plant cultivation means 60 are provided. And
The fish breeding means 50 is odorless subjected to the above purification treatment,
A harmless, sterile, and turbid storage tank 51 for storing pure product water is used to grow goldfish, tropical fish, and the like. In FIG. 52, a pipe 52 is provided between the product water outlet 20 and the storage tank 51. Numeral 53 is a discharging means for discharging sewage generated in the storage tank 51 and requiring a purification treatment to the processing means A of the base 1.

The fish breeding means 50 not only does not cause abnormal generation of algae and moss as described above, but also provides a good breeding environment by using water produced without containing pathogenic bacteria and the like. It is possible. In addition, this storage tank 5
The stored water (produced water) in 1 repeats the supply and discharge circulation of the produced water by the produced water supply means 52 and the discharge means 53, so that no dirt or the like is generated in the storage tank 51 and it is troublesome. Cleaning of the storage tank 51 can be eliminated, and clear stored water can always be secured. In addition, ozone gas may be diffused to the generated water flowing out to the storage tank, and the generated water may be further subjected to an oxidative sterilization treatment.

On the other hand, the plant cultivating means 60 supplies the odorless, harmless, aseptic, and turbid clear water produced by the above-mentioned purification treatment to the plants, and passes through the gas treatment means to carry out the odor treatment and the sterilization treatment. Is supplied to the plant to produce a gas containing a large amount of carbon dioxide, thereby providing a desirable growing environment for the plant to grow the plant.

In the figure, 61 is an absorbing member which has water absorbency and supports plants, and 66 is a storage room provided so as to cover the plants. And 62 is the product water outlet 20
And a generated water supply means that is piped between the water and the absorbing member 61. Reference numeral 64 denotes a generated gas supply pipe provided between the gas processing means F and the storage chamber 66. The generated gas from the gas processing means F is supplied to the storage chamber 66 by the generated gas supply pipe 64. You. This plant cultivation means 60 is subjected to the above-mentioned purification treatment, and supplies odorless, harmless, sterile, and clear water without turbidity to the plants, and is subjected to odor treatment and sterilization treatment by the gas treatment means F, By supplying the produced gas containing a large amount of carbon dioxide to the plant, a preferable growth environment for the plant can be secured. Also,
As described above, when using the generated water from the waste treatment apparatus for plant cultivation, the fertilizer component in the generated water is passed by passing the generated water through a magnetic field having a sterilizing effect such as a permanent magnet. Further sterilization may be performed without any damage.

[0058]

As described above, the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention removes garbage discharged from the kitchen, which is difficult to handle as compared with general garbage, by anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria. Chemical decomposition into harmless and aseptic generated water, and the odor of garbage, gas generated during chemical decomposition, etc. are sterilized and deodorized by ozone treatment and deodorizing filter, so that the garbage can be purified efficiently. It becomes possible. In addition, since residues that cannot be chemically decomposed by anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria can be removed by dehydration treatment, the amount of waste to be discharged can be minimized. And the sterile and odorless generated water generated after the purification treatment enables the growth of fish and the like under a good breeding environment, and the sterile and odorless generated water and the sterile and odorless and carbon dioxide-rich generation The gas allows the plant to be cultivated in a favorable growth environment for the plant.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a flow direction of an object to be treated and exhaust gas of the waste disposal apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the waste disposal apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of a filtering member housed in a fourth septic tank of the waste treatment apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway front view showing gas treatment means installed in the waste treatment apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a centrifugal separator of the waste disposal means installed in the waste disposal apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a waste treatment step of the waste treatment method according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a gas treatment step of the waste treatment method according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a residue processing step of the waste processing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an external perspective view showing a second embodiment of the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A first treatment means B second treatment means A1, A2, A3 first purification tank B1 second purification tank C control means F gas treatment means H heater 3 crushing means 3b stirring means 5 filtration member 6 decomposition solution tank 20 generated water outlet

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI B01D 53/74 C02F 1/78 ZAB 53/81 3/30 ZABZ C01B 13/10 B01D 53/34 ZAB C02F 1/48 116J 1 / 78 ZAB 116F 3/30 ZAB B09B 3/00 ZABC

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A waste treatment apparatus for purifying waste such as garbage, wherein the waste treatment apparatus comprises a decomposition treatment for storing a decomposition treatment liquid containing anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria. A liquid tank; a first purification tank for storing the decomposition treatment liquid and the substance to be treated from the decomposition treatment liquid tank; a crushing means provided in the first purification tank for crushing the substance to be treated; and a decomposition treatment liquid. A stirrer for mixing with the object to be treated, a first treatment unit for chemically decomposing the object to be treated by anaerobic bacteria in the decomposition treatment solution, and a decomposition treatment solution passing through the first treatment unit. A second septic tank for storing a liquid mixture with the processed product, a filter member detachably provided in the second septic tank and capable of attaching aerobic bacteria, and an air supply means for sending air to the mixed liquid in the second septic tank And air and the first processing means are provided to the filtering member. By passing the mixed solution of the decomposed solution and the object to be processed, the anaerobic bacteria can be eaten by the aerobic bacteria, and the object to be processed is chemically decomposed, and the water quality is adjusted by the filtration process of the filtration member. A second processing means, a generated water outlet provided in the second purification tank for flowing out the purified water subjected to the purification treatment through the second processing means, and a generated gas generated in the first and second purification tanks. Sterilization,
A gas processing means for deodorizing and exhausting the gas to the outside of the septic tank; and a dehydrating means. The dewatering treatment is performed on the residue that is not chemically decomposed in the first and second septic tanks, and the extract is sent to the first septic tank. A residue treatment means for allowing the residue after treatment to be taken out of the purification tank; a heater for heating a mixed liquid of the decomposition treatment liquid and the object to be treated; and a crushing means and a stirring means of the first treatment means. A control connected to the means for controlling the operation, the air supply amount of the air supply means of the second processing means, the operation of the gas processing means, the operation of the residue processing means, the heating temperature of the heater, and the like. A waste treatment apparatus characterized by comprising: and means. 2. A storage tank for storing a predetermined amount of water, and a generated water supply means which is piped between the storage tank and the generated water outlet to flow generated water from the generated water outlet into the storage tank.
A fish breeding means for cultivating fish in the storage tank; and a water absorbing member for supporting the plant, the fish breeding means comprising: a discharge means for discharging wastewater requiring purification in the storage tank to the first treatment means; A product water supply means that is piped between the water absorbing member and the product water outlet and absorbs the water generated from the product water outlet into the water absorbing member; and a storage room for plants; and a storage room for plants and the gas treatment device. The product gas supply pipe for supplying the product gas from the gas processing means to the plant, which is provided between the gas processing means, and a plant cultivation means for growing a plant, comprising: Waste treatment equipment. 3. The gas processing means includes an ozone generation device and an odor adsorption filter, and mixes the gas generated in the first and second processing unit purification tanks with the ozone gas from the ozone generation device. 4. The waste treatment according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the generated gas is oxidized and sterilized and deodorized, and the mixed gas is further passed through an odor adsorption filter for deodorization. apparatus. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an ozone treatment means for diffusing ozone gas into the produced water flowing out from the produced water outlet and oxidizing the produced water.
Or the waste disposal apparatus according to 2. 5. The waste according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic sterilizer for sterilizing the generated water by passing generated water flowing out from the generated water outlet in a magnetic field. Processing equipment.