JP2964732B2 - Rechargeable battery - Google Patents

Rechargeable battery

Info

Publication number
JP2964732B2
JP2964732B2 JP3258374A JP25837491A JP2964732B2 JP 2964732 B2 JP2964732 B2 JP 2964732B2 JP 3258374 A JP3258374 A JP 3258374A JP 25837491 A JP25837491 A JP 25837491A JP 2964732 B2 JP2964732 B2 JP 2964732B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
negative electrode
lithium
electrode
battery
test
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP3258374A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0574463A (en
Inventor
智彦 野田
利行 伊庭
洋悦 吉久
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yuasa Corp
Original Assignee
Yuasa Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuasa Corp filed Critical Yuasa Corp
Priority to JP3258374A priority Critical patent/JP2964732B2/en
Publication of JPH0574463A publication Critical patent/JPH0574463A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2964732B2 publication Critical patent/JP2964732B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明はアルカリ金属又はアルカ
リ土類金属を負極活物質とする非水電解液二次電池の改
良に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a negative electrode active material.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、負極活物質としてリチウムを使用
する非水電解液二次電池に用いる負極集電体としては、
特公昭63−22019号公報に記載されている如く、
鉛又は鉛合金を用いることが知られている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a negative electrode current collector used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using lithium as a negative electrode active material,
As described in JP-B-63-22019,
It is known to use lead or lead alloys.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記負極集電
体として鉛又は鉛合金を用いた非水電解液二次電池は、
負極集電体の重量当りの容量が小さいという問題があ
る。また、充放電に伴ってリチウム−鉛又は鉛合金が微
細化、脱落して容量を失うという問題もある。
However, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using lead or a lead alloy as the negative electrode current collector,
There is a problem that the capacity per weight of the negative electrode current collector is small. In addition, there is a problem that lithium-lead or a lead alloy is miniaturized and dropped due to charge / discharge and loses capacity.

【0004】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記の課題を解
決するために、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属を負
極活物質として用いる非水電解液二次電池において、負
極活物質の支持体を金属単結晶から形成した二次電池と
したものである。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a negative electrode active material. This is a secondary battery formed from a metal single crystal.

【0005】[0005]

【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例により説明する。 実施例1 (単極性能試験) 厚み0.5mmの厚さに旋盤でスライスしたシリコン単
結晶を5mm×5mmの大きさ切り出し、重量を測って
おく。つぎに、10mm×10mmのニッケルメッシュ
2枚で挟み込み、ワイヤーを取り付け、試験電極とし
た。以下の操作はすべて乾燥空気中で行ない、材料はす
べてあらかじめ十分に乾燥を行なった後に用いた。適当
な大きさの金属リチウムをニッケル板上に圧着したもの
を2個作成し、対極および電位参照極とした。ビーカー
中に過塩素酸リチウムの1mol/lのプロピレンカー
ボネート溶液を入れ、上記のように作成した3個の電
極、即ち試験電極・対極・参照極を同溶液中に浸漬し、
三端子セルとした。直流定電流電源からプラスを対極
に、マイナスを試験極に接続し電流を流すと試験極にリ
チウムが取り込まれる(充電)。次に電流の方向を逆に
すると、試験極に取り込まれたリチウムが放出される
(放電)。このようにして試験極のリチウム電池用負極
としての容量を調べた。電流密度はいずれも1mA/cm
2 とした。充電および放電の終了は、参照極に対する試
験極の電位が0.00Vあるいは2.00Vに達した時
点とした。この試験により、シリコン単結晶のリチウム
受け入れ量を求めると、3.65mAh/mgであっ
た。純粋な金属リチウムの容量は、理論的に3.86m
Ah/mgであるので、リチウム電池用負極としては全
く遜色のない性能を持っていることが分かる。
The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. Example 1 (Single-pole performance test) A silicon single crystal sliced into a thickness of 0.5 mm with a lathe is cut out into a size of 5 mm x 5 mm, and the weight is measured. Next, it was sandwiched between two pieces of nickel mesh of 10 mm × 10 mm, a wire was attached, and a test electrode was obtained. The following operations were all performed in dry air, and all the materials were used after sufficient drying in advance. Two pieces of appropriately sized metallic lithium were pressed on a nickel plate to prepare a counter electrode and a potential reference electrode. A 1 mol / l propylene carbonate solution of lithium perchlorate was placed in a beaker, and the three electrodes prepared as described above, ie, a test electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, were immersed in the same solution.
A three-terminal cell was used. When a positive current is connected to the test electrode and a negative current is connected to the test electrode from the DC constant current power supply and a current flows, lithium is taken into the test electrode (charging). Next, when the direction of the current is reversed, lithium taken into the test electrode is released (discharge). Thus, the capacity of the test electrode as a negative electrode for a lithium battery was examined. Current density is 1 mA / cm
And 2 . The charge and discharge were terminated when the potential of the test electrode with respect to the reference electrode reached 0.00 V or 2.00 V. According to this test, the amount of lithium received by the silicon single crystal was 3.65 mAh / mg. The capacity of pure metallic lithium is 3.86 m theoretically
Since it is Ah / mg, it can be seen that the negative electrode for a lithium battery has performance comparable to that of a negative electrode.

【0006】実施例2 (電池試験) 正極活物質の調製は、炭酸リチウムと炭酸コバルトとを
Li/Coモル比が1の混合物を空気中650℃で5時
間仮焼成した後、900℃で20時間焼成した。焼成後
冷却し、粉砕したものを活物質とした。これによって得
られたLiCoO2 を用いて次のようにしてコイン型電
池を試作した。LiCoO2 とアセチレンブラック及び
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン粉末とを重量比85:1
0:5で混合し、イソプロピルアルコールを加えて十分
混練した。これをローラープレスにより厚み0.8mm
のシート状に形成した。次にこれを16mmの円形に打
ち抜き、減圧下200℃で15時間熱処理し正極を得
た。正極は集電体の付いた正極缶に圧接して用いた。負
極は厚み0.4mmの厚さに旋盤でスライスした直径1
5mmのシリコン単結晶を負極缶に配置して形成した。
Example 2 (Battery test) A positive electrode active material was prepared by calcining a mixture of lithium carbonate and cobalt carbonate at a Li / Co molar ratio of 1 in air at 650 ° C for 5 hours, and then calcining the mixture at 900 ° C for 20 hours. Fired for hours. After firing, the mixture was cooled and pulverized to obtain an active material. Using the thus obtained LiCoO 2 , a coin-type battery was prototyped as follows. LiCoO 2 and acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene powder in a weight ratio of 85: 1
The mixture was mixed at 0: 5, and isopropyl alcohol was added and kneaded well. 0.8mm thick with a roller press
In the form of a sheet. Next, this was punched out into a 16 mm circle and heat-treated at 200 ° C. under reduced pressure for 15 hours to obtain a positive electrode. The positive electrode was used by pressing against a positive electrode can with a current collector. The negative electrode has a diameter of 1 mm sliced on a lathe to a thickness of 0.4 mm.
A 5 mm silicon single crystal was formed by placing it in a negative electrode can.

【0007】電解液にはγ−ブチロラクトンに1mol
/lのLiBF4 を溶解したものを用い、セパレータに
はポリプロピレン製微多孔膜を用いた。上記正極、負
極、電解質及びセパレータを用いて直径20mm、厚さ
1.6mmのコイン型のリチウム電池を作製した。以
下、この電池を電池Aとする。
The electrolyte contains 1 mol of γ-butyrolactone.
/ L of LiBF 4 was dissolved, and a polypropylene microporous membrane was used as a separator. A coin-type lithium battery having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 1.6 mm was manufactured using the above-described positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator. Hereinafter, this battery is referred to as Battery A.

【0008】比較例1 負極に、シリコンの粉末をテフロンをバインダーとして
厚み0.4mmのシート状に成形したものを用いたこと
の他は実施例2と同じに形成した電池をBとする。
Comparative Example 1 A battery B was formed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a negative electrode was formed by molding silicon powder into a sheet having a thickness of 0.4 mm using Teflon as a binder.

【0009】比較例2 負極に、0.4mmの金属リチウムを用いたことの他は
実施例2と同じに形成した電池をCとする。
Comparative Example 2 A battery formed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.4 mm of metallic lithium was used for the negative electrode was designated as C.

【0010】比較例3 負極に、0.4mmの金属鉛を用いたことの他は実施例
2と同じに形成した電池をDとする。このようにして作
製した電池A,B,C,Dを用いて充放電サイクル試験
を行なった。試験条件は、充電電流1mA、充電終止電
圧4.1V、放電電流1mA、放電終止電圧3.4Vと
した。サイクル試験の結果を図1に示す。図1から明ら
かな如く、シリコン単結晶をリチウム電池用負極支持体
として用いた電池Aは、そのサイクル性能の面からも従
来の電池B,C,Dに比べてきわめて優れていることが
わかる。
Comparative Example 3 A battery D was formed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0.4 mm of metallic lead was used for the negative electrode. A charge / discharge cycle test was performed using the batteries A, B, C, and D thus manufactured. The test conditions were a charge current of 1 mA, a charge end voltage of 4.1 V, a discharge current of 1 mA, and a discharge end voltage of 3.4 V. FIG. 1 shows the results of the cycle test. As is clear from FIG. 1, it can be seen that the battery A using the silicon single crystal as the negative electrode support for a lithium battery is much superior to the conventional batteries B, C and D in terms of cycle performance.

【0011】[0011]

【発明の効果】本発明は上記の通り、アルカリ金属又は
アルカリ土類金属を負極活物質として用いる非水電解液
二次電池のサイクル寿命性能を向上させることができ、
その工業的価値は大である。
As described above, the present invention can improve the cycle life performance of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a negative electrode active material,
Its industrial value is great.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】サイクル数と容量との関係図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of cycles and capacity.

Claims (3)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属を負
極活物質として用いる非水電解液二次電池において、負
極活物質の支持体を金属単結晶から形成したことを特徴
とする二次電池。
1. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a negative electrode active material, wherein a support for the negative electrode active material is formed from a metal single crystal.
【請求項2】 前記金属単結晶が、シリコンの単結晶で
ある請求項1記載の二次電池。
2. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the metal single crystal is a silicon single crystal.
【請求項3】 前記負極活物質がリチウムである請求項
1記載の二次電池。
3. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material is lithium.
JP3258374A 1991-09-09 1991-09-09 Rechargeable battery Expired - Fee Related JP2964732B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3258374A JP2964732B2 (en) 1991-09-09 1991-09-09 Rechargeable battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3258374A JP2964732B2 (en) 1991-09-09 1991-09-09 Rechargeable battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0574463A JPH0574463A (en) 1993-03-26
JP2964732B2 true JP2964732B2 (en) 1999-10-18

Family

ID=17319363

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (1)

Country Link
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EP2104175A2 (en) 2008-03-17 2009-09-23 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, negative electrode material, and making method
EP2509139A1 (en) 2011-04-08 2012-10-10 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing negative electrode active material for use in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, negative electrode material for use in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
EP2590248A2 (en) 2011-11-01 2013-05-08 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Negative electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same
WO2014073155A1 (en) 2012-11-08 2014-05-15 信越化学工業株式会社 Method for producing silicon-containing particles for anode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, anode member for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and silicon-containing particles for anode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
US8734991B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2014-05-27 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
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US9142858B2 (en) 2008-08-26 2015-09-22 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, negative electrode, negative electrode material, and preparation of Si—O—Al composite
US9225010B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2015-12-29 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Silicon-containing particles, negative electrode material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and method of manufacturing silicon-containing particles
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US8105718B2 (en) 2008-03-17 2012-01-31 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, negative electrode material, and making method
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US9537142B2 (en) 2010-05-24 2017-01-03 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing negative electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
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