JP2940265B2 - Apparatus and method for crushing and sorting waste electrical products - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for crushing a lump containing metal as a main material, such as a motor, a compressor, a transformer, and the like, which are components such as discarded electric products, and separating the crushed material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a device and method for crushing and sorting waste electrical products suitable for recovering valuable resources such as compressors for electric refrigerators, motors for washing machines, transformers for various home appliances, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the above-mentioned lump is generally decomposed by hand using a simple tool to recover valuable resource materials. In recent years, as a means to perform these recovery more effectively, it has been cooled to below the brittle transition temperature of steel materials with a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen, and easily crushed into a brittle state like glass, and then separated by material A way to do that has been proposed. For example, the gist of what has been proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 51-39452, "Method of crushing waste products made of large metal" is shown in FIG.
Shown in In FIG. 3, a raw material 20, that is, a coarse metal waste product is crushed at room temperature by a room temperature crushing 1, and a crushed material 22 is subjected to strong magnetic separation 2a to a magnetic crushed material 25 such as a motor part or a thin iron piece.
And a non-magnetic crushed material 26 such as an aluminum piece, a copper wire, and a plastic piece, and the collected material 28 is collected by the second separation 4 of the non-magnetic crushed material. Further, the magnetic crushed material 25 is separated into a magnetic crushed material 25a such as a thin iron piece and a lump C30c such as a motor component by the weak magnetic separation 2b, and the lump C30 is separated.
c is a method in which brittle fracture is caused by the low-temperature crushing 8 and the recovered material 28 is recovered in the second fractionation 4.

FIG. 4 shows another example of a conventional implementation. In FIG. 4, a raw material 20, that is, a waste home electric appliance is crushed in a normal-temperature crushing 1, and a crushed material 22 is recovered as resources by a wind separation 3, a magnetic separation 2, a sieve separation 6, and the like. On the other hand, a lump such as a motor component is not crushed in the cold crush 1 but is discharged from the cold crush 1 as a protrusion 29, and is separated into a lump D 30 d and a magnetic crush 25 by the magnetic separation 2. The lump D30d is pretreated at a time when a predetermined amount is collected in the sorting / pretreatment 7 and brittlely destroyed in the low-temperature crushing 8 and separated into the magnetic crushed material 25 and the nonmagnetic crushed material 26 by the magnetic force sorting 2.
It is a method of collecting.

[0004] A typical structure of a compressor for a refrigerator will be described as an example of a lump. A case is made of a rolled steel plate having a thickness of about 3 mm and is formed in a cylindrical container shape so as to maintain an internal pressure. A motor and a compressor are incorporated. The motor component has a stator core and stator windings mounted inside the case, and the rotor core is held by shafts and bearings to drive the compressor. The iron core is made by stacking dozens of magnetic steel sheets of about 0.3 mm in thickness, and is wound with copper wires. When a general steel material is cooled to a low temperature of −30 ° C. or less, ductility is lost and brittleness is exhibited. This temperature is referred to as a brittle transition temperature, and the characteristics of each material are shown depending on the composition of the material, the production method, and the like. As a structure, the temperature at which brittleness changes depends on the shape, dimensions, processing method, etc., in addition to the characteristics of the material, but if it is a compressor, it is -50 ° C to -10 ° C.
If the temperature is lower than 0 ° C., the steel is considered to be brittle. Copper and aluminum are not brittle even at low temperatures. Many cryogenic crushing fractions are based on this difference in brittle properties. Considering the low-temperature impact crushing of compressors, the case, shaft, iron core, etc. are made of steel, so brittle fracture occurs due to impact force, and copper windings,
Non-brittle materials (ie, ductile materials) such as aluminum parts are not crushed by an impact force, but are crushed when accompanied by a shearing force or a tearing force.

[0005]

According to the conventional proposal, in the method shown in FIG. 3, a lump such as a motor part is hit in a complicated manner by shearing or impact action in normal-temperature crushing, but is plastically deformed without being finely crushed. Therefore, the respective constituent members are complicatedly entangled and physically combined with each other, so that it becomes difficult to crush and separate each constituent material by low-temperature crushing in a later step. Also, in the method of FIG. 4, the lump which is not crushed by shearing or impact in the room-temperature crusher and the lump such as a motor part is configured to hit the impact plate in the crusher and to jump out. There is a similar problem. In order to increase the separation accuracy of entangled parts, it was necessary to crush the crushed material smaller.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the accuracy of separation by preventing mechanical components from being complicatedly entangled by plastic deformation and the like, and thereby making it difficult to mechanically separate components such as motor components. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for crushing and sorting waste electric products with increased value.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to separate and remove lumps such as motor parts from waste electrical products and the like.
This is achieved by crushing a portion other than the lump to generate a crushed material and dividing the crushed material for each material.

[0008]

[Function] The lump is taken out from a waste electric product or the like. As a method of taking out, there are disassembly of a mounting screw, mechanical cutting of a mounting portion, and the like, and there are means such as automation, semi-automation, and manual work. After the lump is taken out, the main body is made of a thin plate and lightweight material, and is shredded and shredded by a normal-temperature shredder of shear type, impact type, or a combination type or application type of these.
Each material is separated and collected by various kinds of separation devices such as eddy current separation and sieve separation.

[0009]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, numeral 10 denotes a block for taking out a block such as a motor, a compressor, a transformer, etc. of waste electric products,
11 is a cooling tank for the block, 12 is a first crusher mainly for brittle fracture after cooling, and 5 is a crushed material that has become small pieces due to brittle crushing and non-brittleness that is not crushed. 13 is a second crusher for crushing mainly non-brittle materials, 2 is a magnetic separator, and 9 is an eddy current separator. On the other hand, 1 is room-temperature crushing for crushing a main product from which a lump is taken out, and 3 is wind sorting.

The operation of one embodiment of the present invention having the above configuration will be described.

The raw material 20, that is, the lump removal 10 from the waste electric product or the like, is smaller than the main product of the electric product such as a compressor of an electric refrigerator, a motor or clutch of a washing machine, and a transformer of the other electric product. Take out the rigid mass A30a.

The main article 21 from which the lump A30a has been taken out
Is made of a thin plate and a lightweight material and is made of a box having relatively low rigidity, so that it can be easily crushed by a normal temperature crushing method 1 such as a shearing type, an impact type and the like. The crushed materials 22 are separated into light objects such as plastic pieces, wood chips, paper and the like and heavy objects such as metal objects, wood, plastics, etc. by a wind separation 3, a magnetic crushed object 25 is separated by a magnetic separation 2, and an eddy current separation 9 Non-ferrous metals 27 such as aluminum and copper are separated, and other collected materials 28 are collected.

The lump A30a is cooled by a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen to a temperature lower than the brittle transition temperature of the steel material in the cooling tank 11, and the brittle crushing of the steel material is performed in the first crusher 12 by an impact force. . Most cases or frames of agglomerates are made of low-temperature brittle material such as steel or plastic, and the whole is divided into pieces by this crushing. Remains as a lump B30b. The low-temperature crushed material 23 is separated into the lump B30b and the small pieces 24 in the separation device 5, and the small pieces 24 are sent to the magnetic separation 2. Since the lump B30b is mainly composed of a non-brittle material, the second crusher 13 crushes mainly the shearing force. The impact force of the second crusher 13 is weakened so as to prevent the dissimilar members from entangled by an impact effect before being sheared, and the impact force is at most an effect of loosening the cut members. The crushed material of the second crusher 13 is separated into a magnetic crushed material 25 and a non-magnetic crushed material 26 by magnetic separation 2, and the non-magnetic crushed material 26 is separated into a non-ferrous metal 27 and a collected material 28 of other materials by eddy current screening 9. Separated and collected.

According to this embodiment, by performing two-stage crushing in accordance with the structure and material of the lump, the lump can be accurately separated for each material and the resources can be easily recovered.

Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, the raw material 31 of the lump alone may be supplied as the lump A 30 a separately from the raw material 20. The lump A30a is cooled in the cooling tank 11, crushed by the first crusher 12, and the small pieces 24 separated by the separation device 5 are sent to the magnetic separation 2 on the normal temperature crushing route. Lump B30b
Is crushed by the second crusher 13, and the crushed material 22 is sent to the magnetic separation 2 of the normal temperature crushing route by the sieve separation 6. The lump 32 that has not been crushed by the second crusher 13 is returned to the cooling tank 11 again, and is subjected to low-temperature crushing again to repeat the separation of brittle material and non-brittle material.

According to this embodiment, as in the above-described embodiment, the lump can be accurately separated for each material and the resources can be easily recovered.

[0017]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Lumps such as motors, compressors, and transformers, which have been difficult to treat in the past, can be accurately separated by material and resources can be easily recovered. In addition, the two-stage crushing in accordance with the structure and material composition of the lump has the advantage of improving the efficiency of cold heat utilization.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a flow sheet showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a flow sheet showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a flow sheet of a conventional method.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of another flow sheet of the conventional method.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Room temperature crushing, 2 ... Magnetic separation, 8 ... Cold crushing, 10 ... Lump removal, 11 ... Cooling tank, 12 ... First crusher, 13 ... Second crusher, 20 ... Raw material, 21 ... Main product, 25 ... magnetic crushed material, 26 ... non-magnetic crushed material, 29 ... pop-out, 30 ... lump.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Oda Ochi 502 Kandate-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref. Hitachi, Ltd.Mechanical Laboratory (72) Inventor Tsutomu Hasegawa 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Hitachi, Ltd. Within the Machinery & Electrical Business Unit (72) Inventor Hideharu Mori 4-6-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Hitachi, Ltd. Within the Mechanical & Electrical Business Unit (56) References JP-A-51-39452 (JP, A) JP-A Sho-56- 115683 (JP, A) JP-A-53-38172 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B02C 19/00-23/40 B09B 1/00-5/00

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A mass of a refrigerator, a motor or a clutch of a washing machine, or a waste electric product including a transformer of an electric product as a mass, and the mass is taken out and divided into the mass and other parts. A waste electrical product, comprising: a first separating means; a crushing means for crushing a portion other than the lump to generate a crushed material; and a second separating means for separating the crushed material for each material. Crushing and sorting equipment. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second separating means includes a wind force separating means for separating light materials from the crushed materials, a magnetic force separating means for separating magnetic crushed materials, and an eddy current separating means for separating non-ferrous metals. The apparatus for crushing and sorting waste electrical products according to claim 1. 3. A cooling device for cooling the mass to a low temperature and a low-temperature crushing device for brittlely crushing the cooled mass component are further provided. 2. The apparatus for crushing and sorting waste electrical products according to claim 1, further comprising a room-temperature crushing apparatus for crushing. 4. A first separating means for removing a compressor, a motor, a clutch or a transformer of the waste electric product from the waste electric product as a lump, and separating the waste electric product into the extracted lump and the remaining portion. A crushing means for crushing the remaining portion to generate a crushed material; and a second separating means for separating the crushed material for each material. 5. The mass is taken out of a waste electrical product including a compressor of a refrigerator, a motor or clutch of a washing machine, or a transformer of another electrical product as a mass, and is divided into the mass and other parts. A first separation step; a crushing step of crushing a portion other than the lump to generate a crushed material; and a second separation step of separating the crushed material for each material. Crushing separation method. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second separation step includes a wind separation step for separating light materials from the crushed materials, a magnetic separation step for separating magnetic crushed materials, and an eddy current separation step for separating non-ferrous metals. The method for crushing and sorting waste electrical products according to claim 5. 7. A first separating step of removing a compressor, a motor, a clutch, or a transformer of the waste electrical product from the waste electrical product as a lump, and separating the waste electrical product into the removed lump and the remaining portion. A crushing step of crushing the remaining portion to generate a crushed material; and a second separation step of separating the crushed material for each material.