JP2897144B2 - Ecology fertilizer and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

[Technical field] The present invention uses waste as at least a part of raw materials, generates coal while reducing the generation of carbon dioxide, reduces the amount of carbon dioxide to the ground, It is related to new fertilizers that contribute to improving the global environment and also have soil improvement effects, and their manufacturing methods.

[Prior art and its problems]

If agricultural and forestry products continue to be harvested, fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium in the soil will be deprived, and organic matter will be decomposed and released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The properties, aeration and fertilizer retention are reduced, the biomass productivity is rapidly reduced and the ecology is destroyed. Therefore, it has been recommended to use agricultural waste and excrement such as green manure, manure and human waste containing organic matter as fertilizer since ancient times. Organic fertilizers applied to the soil are decomposed, the growth of harmful microorganisms is suppressed, and the released carbon dioxide is taken up by growing plants and oxygen is released, thereby detoxifying and utilizing waste and purifying the environment. It has been done together.

However, most of such organic fertilizers have very little water (generally 60 to 95% and relatively low total content of fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium (generally 0.2 to 2.0%), and storage and transportation. In addition, fertilizer application was difficult, and it was not possible to secure the absolute amount of fertilizer necessary for increasing food production in line with population growth.

This led to the invention of chemical fertilizers with a high content of fertilizer components (generally 15-50%) that do not rely on natural organic fertilizers,
Promoted its spread. However, chemical fertilizers are generally inorganic, and are used as chlorides and sulfates to solubilize fertilizing components (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, etc.). Was often acidified to inhibit plant growth.

Rain has the property of washing away these growth inhibitors, but it also sheds down on soluble potassium, animonia and phosphate, as well as calcium, magnesium and silica, making the soil poor and often hindering plant growth. . In addition, the tendency of soil productivity to decline due to topsoil runoff due to land reclamation and harvesting of agricultural and forestry products was remarkable even on flat terrain in tropical rainforests, and became a major problem on warm and sloping lands.

As mentioned above, agricultural and forestry waste such as rice straw and potatoes that were once used as fertilizer, dead branches and dead leaves that have been used as fuel, and urban industrial waste are incinerated without being used today. Although they are left to rot, they emit about 1.5 tons of carbon dioxide (total billions of tons) per tonne of organic matter. In addition, excavating fossil fuels, which are carbon compounds, from the underground and adding the amount of carbon dioxide that is released as a result of burning them, causes global environmental destruction that causes extremely serious concerns about the survival of humankind. Will be.

To date, large-scale agricultural development and slash-and-burn agriculture associated with industrial activities, urban life, and population explosions have been denounced as causing ecological destruction, but agriculture and forestry itself has come to a time of great renewal. The emergence of innovative systems and core technologies that can improve ecology and improve biomass productivity on a global scale is expected.

[Problem of the Invention]

The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of conventional organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, contributes to improving the environment and greening of the earth, promotes fertilization, contributes to improved biomass productivity, and is a new type of fertilizer that can be easily fertilized ( Ecological fertilizer that can reduce carbon in the ground. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an ecological fertilizer while using the waste as a part of the raw material and achieving the disposal of the waste.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, completed the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, (i) a substance containing an organic substance;
(Ii) a substance containing potassium and / or sodium;
(Iii) a material containing calcium and / or magnesium, and (iv) a material containing silica, at least one of which is a waste, obtained by heating a raw material while cutting off or restricting oxygen. It comprises a mixture of charcoal and a glassy soluble fertilizer, wherein the content of the charcoal is 15 to 80% by weight, and the soluble fertilizer is R ₂ O.xMO.ySiO ₂ (where R is potassium and / or Sodium, M is magnesium and / or calcium, x is a number from 0.3 to 4.0, and y is 1.0 to
An ecology-type fertilizer is provided which comprises a glass-like substance having a composition of 3.5).

Further, according to the present invention, (i) a substance containing an organic substance,
(Ii) a substance containing potassium or sodium and (ii)
(i) a substance containing calcium or magnesium, and (i)
v) heating a raw material consisting of a substance containing silica, at least one of which is waste, while blocking or limiting oxygen to form a mixture of charcoal and a glassy, soluble fertilizer; Is 15 to 80% by weight, and the soluble fertilizer is R ₂ O.xMO.ySiO ₂ (where R is potassium and sodium, M is magnesium or calcium and x
Is a number of 0.3 to 4.0, and y is a number of 1.0 to 3.5).

The ecology type fertilizer of the present invention uses waste as at least a part of the raw material, and a large amount of coal (10 to 90 wt% as C, preferably 25 to 65 wt%) and the rest is R ₂ O.xMO.ySiO ₂ .zP. A mixture of soluble fertilizers containing ₂ O ₅ as a main component and roughly divided into soluble potassium fertilizers and composite fertilizers of soluble potassium and phosphoric acid (where R is potassium or sodium, M is calcium or and Magnesium, x is a number from 1.0 to 3.5, y is 1.0 to 3.5
The number of Z is 0 to 0.5 in the case of soluble Kari fertilizer, and the number of 0.5 to 2.5 in the case of complex Kari and phosphoric acid fertilizer.) In the present invention, the above-mentioned method for producing an ecology-type fertilizer has been developed. The charcoal of the fertilizer of the present invention has the property of adsorbing and retaining fertilizer components such as ammonia and the action of inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms. Helps increase productivity. The glass-like melt contains potassium and phosphoric acid,
Since it is silica and molten salt, it is almost insoluble in water and hardly runs off, and because it is soluble, it works as a persistent fertilizer that can be gradually absorbed and used by plants. Does no harm. Reducing the number of fertilizations can save labor in agricultural work. Farmland, especially on mountains and sloping lands,
Facilitate farming in pastures, forests and rainforests. In addition, calcium and magnesium, even after absorption of potassium and phosphoric acid, prevent acidification of the soil to prevent acid rain.Furthermore, the soluble silica remaining after these are used contributes to the growth of rice plants, along with coal Serving as a stable soil conditioner can drastically improve the drawbacks of conventional organic and chemical fertilizers.

The method for producing the coal-soluble fertilizer of the present invention will be described. Of course, charcoal and activated charcoal can be used as charcoal, but as a raw material for easily self-sufficient charcoal, organic matter, especially lignin,
Trees, grains, paper pulp, etc., as well as sludge, dead leaves and dead branches that are by-produced in the treatment of industrial waste, agricultural, forestry, household waste paper waste, municipal waste, wastewater treatment, etc. , Bark, waste, sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, chaff, potatoes, etc. can be widely used.

As a substance containing potassium, industrial carbon calcium,
It is naturally possible to use potassium hydroxide or the like, but as wastes, if the Na-base generally used in pulp production is changed to K-base, AP wastewater, AQP (alkali, anthraquinone pulp) wastewater, PAP ( Hydrogen peroxide-alkali method pulp) waste liquid and the like can be used. In this case, a carbon source such as lignin or uronic acid can be used as an organic substance, and advanced treatment of pollution is also possible. Further, as the substance containing sodium, glass waste, Na-based pulp waste liquid, and the like can be considered. As a substance containing calcium or magnesium,
Magnesite, dolomite, limestone, phosphate rock, serpentine, sludge containing magnesium and calcium by-produced by the sea lime method, lime sludge by-produced in sugar mills, and the like can be widely used.

Quartz has a high purity as a silica source, but in the present invention, it is generated in large quantities with daily life and industrial activities, and lime ash and the like, including impurities, can be used. The use of potassium quartz trachyte simultaneously supplies potassium, the serpentine simultaneously supplies magnesium, and the use of glass swarf allows the melting point to be greatly reduced by sodium. It facilitates energy saving.

As the phosphoric acid-containing substance, a phosphate rock or the like can be widely used in addition to a soluble phosphate fertilizer and a burnt phosphate fertilizer.

The production conditions of the mixture of the soluble fertilizer composed of the glass-like substance containing a large amount of charcoal of the present invention include the case where the crushed material of the charcoal and the crushed material of the glass-like soluble fertilizer are mixed and obtained, In some cases, a raw material obtained by mixing the above raw materials and heating is crushed. The former provides an ecological fertilizer excellent in hygroscopicity, water retention and air permeability particularly from the beginning, and the latter provides an ecological fertilizer which is less bulky, hardly scattered, and has excellent workability such as transportation, storage and fertilization.

As a condition for obtaining charcoal, the supply of oxygen to the raw material containing organic substances is cut off or heated while restricting,
1,1200 ° C., preferably 300 ° -500 ° C. At this time, it is desirable to keep the temperature of the paper waste and the like containing a large amount of carbohydrates at 250 to 400 ° C., and to keep the temperature at 350 to 500 ° C. for the dead branches containing a relatively large amount of lignin. Further, when nitrogen-containing or chlorine-containing compounds are mixed and it is desired to decompose them, it is desirable to maintain the temperature at 500 to 1,200 ° C.

At this time, if the oxygen supply is brought close to zero, the charcoal yield increases, but especially when there is a large amount of cellulose, the air supply is increased until ignition occurs, and then the air supply is brought close to zero. Even if placed, carbonization proceeds due to the heat of decomposition of cellulose.

The yield of charcoal is 15 to 25% based on the amount of the organic material, and is high in a raw material having a benzene ring structure such as lignin, and generally low in a raw material having no benzene ring structure such as cellulose. Increasing the carbonization temperature or activating with zinc chloride or water vapor increases the density of the coal and improves the adsorption capacity, but carbonization at lower temperatures increases the yield of the coal and reduces the amount of carbon dioxide generated. So desirable. The gas generated during carbonization and the liquid with a low boiling point are flammable, and if co-fired with other fuels, energy can be saved.Almost all organic mixtures such as plastics can be used as raw materials for carbonization. It is also preferable in terms of measures.

Even if inorganic raw materials and charcoal are mixed and fired, the inorganic and organic mixtures are carbonized, and even if fired, if the temperature rises, the inorganic components react with each other, and K ₂ O, Na ₂ O, MgO , CaO, SiO ₂ or P ₂ O ₅ to form a glass-like melt containing a large amount of charcoal. At this time, the composition changes depending on the raw materials used,
Although the melting point varies, the operating conditions are a maximum temperature of 600 to 1,400 ° C. and a holding time of about 0.4 to 4 hours. R ₂ O and MO especially
The melting point is greatly reduced if a large amount of glass scraps and the like containing a large amount of Na ₂ O are added to the raw material.
A firing condition of about 0.5 to 3 hours is employed. Also, since the melting point becomes higher if the amount of SiO ₂ is large, the temperature is preferably 800 to 1,400 ° C., preferably 90 ° C.
Firing conditions of about 0.5 to 3 hours at 0 to 1,200 ° C. are employed.

〔effect〕

The application range of the present invention is wide, and various kinds and a large amount of waste can be processed and used as raw materials, and the implementation is easy and the generation of secondary pollution can be greatly suppressed. And the expansion and reproduction of biomass can be expected. That is, the soluble fertilizer comprising the mixture of the charcoal and the glass-like substance of the present invention improves soil hygroscopicity, water retention, air permeability and fertilizer retention and physical properties by applying to the soil,
Neutralizes oxidizing soil, provides a good environment for useful soil bacteria, and not only supplies fertilizer components to plants for a long time, but also supplies carbon, silica and other trace elements to the soil after supply, Not only has it improved biomass productivity and promoted greening of the earth, but has also enabled the accumulation of large amounts of carbon in the soil. Whereas conventional slash-and-burn agriculture and organic farming have released large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the present invention has led to agriculture and forestry, etc. being reborn into industries that release oxygen by subtraction, and greening the earth. It can be promoted.

It is preferable in terms of environmental measures that the applicable range of the raw material for carrying out the present invention is extremely wide, and that various wastes can be used in addition to ordinary resources. As a raw material of charcoal, in addition to wood, organic matter, especially industrial, agricultural, forestry waste and domestic waste can be widely used. As sources of magnesium and calcium, waste such as lime sludge by-produced during sugar production containing these elements, sludge by-produced during sea lime treatment of pulp wastewater, etc., and phosphate rock are also used as calcium sources in addition to phosphoric acid. Can. Although silica sources are extremely abundant on the earth, many of them are difficult to dump as waste. Coal ash and glass swarf are collected in extremely large quantities and are relatively homogeneous and easy to use. In addition, the rough quartz coal can be used as a supply source of potassium as well as a supply of silica. Also,
These are also effective sources of trace elements to the soil.

The production of a soluble fertilizer comprising the charcoal and the glass-like material of the present invention is extremely easy. Charcoal can be obtained by heating the above-mentioned raw materials while blocking or restricting the air, and if the heat is further increased, the charcoal and the glass-like fertilizer are soluble. Fertilizer is obtained.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 An ecological type fertilizer was manufactured using the following seven kinds of wastes as samples.

1. Filter paper waste (15.3% moisture, 0.1% ash) 18.06g 2. Rice hull (12.5% moisture, 22.3% ash) 0.57g 3. Bark (18.5% moisture, 2.5% ash) 1.23g 4. K-base PA method Pulp waste liquid (solid content 12.1%, organic matter 6.9
%, K ₂ O: 4.3%) 30.0 g 5. Lime sludge from a sugar factory (solid content 19.2%, organic matter 13.2)
%) 10.0g 6.Glass waste (Na ₂ O: 16.2%, CaO: 9.0%, Al ₂ O ₃ : 1.2%, S
iO ₂ : 72.5%) 1.0g 7. Coal ash (SiO ₂ : 54.1%, CaO: 3.2%, MgO: 1.3%, Fe
_{2 O 3: 3.2%, Al} 2 O 3: 18.5%) 5.0g waste paper, rice hulls and bark is heated to 400 ° C. in a nitrogen stream to obtain a charcoal 22.5 g. The exhaust gas generated during carbonization was guided through a duct together with the exhaust gas generated during melting, and was burned with propane gas, and was recovered as thermal energy. K-
Mix PA-based pulp waste liquor, glass waste and coal ash 10
Dried at 5 ° C, heated and melted at 950 ° C for 40 minutes in a nitrogen stream, allowed to cool, and then crushed. Ecology fertilizer (charcoal: 71.7%, K ₂ O: 4.0%)
Uchiku soluble _{K 2 O3.7%, Na 2 O0.7} %, CaO: 8.1%, MgO: 0.2
%, Al ₂ O ₃ : 3.2%, SiO ₂ : 11.9%, FeO ₃ : 0.5%) 23.7g
Obtained. The obtained product was almost insoluble in water.

Example 2 An ecology-type fertilizer was produced using the following four kinds of samples (including two kinds of wastes).

1. waste paper (13.0% moisture, organic matter: 72.1%, 14.9% ash of which CaO: 4.9%, MgO: 3.0 %, SiO 2: 6.8%) 50.0g 2. phosphorus ore _{(P 2 O 5: 36.1%} , CaO: 3.2 g 3. Coal ash (same as in Example 1) 5.0 g 4. Calcium carbonate (industrial) 2.2 g Paper waste was carbonized under the same conditions as in Example 1. Phosphorite ore, coal ash and potassium carbonate are mixed, ignited at 870 ° C, crushed after cooling, mixed with paper waste charcoal, and an ecological type consisting of a mixture of coal-soluble potassium and phosphate compound fertilizer fertilizer _{(charcoal: 30.4%, P 2 O 5} : 5.0%, K 2 O: 6.4%, CaO: 17.9%, Mg
O: 6.4%, SiO ₂ : 26.9%).

Example 3 Ecology type fertilizers were manufactured using the following seven kinds of wastes as samples.

1. Filter paper waste (same as in Example 1) 20.0 g 2. Sawdust (water: 14.2%, organic matter: 85.5%, ash: 0.3%) 80.0 g 3. Magnesium sludge (by-product of pulp wastewater treated by sea lime method) , Solid content 22.2%, organic matter: 8.2%, MgO: 4.
5%, CaO: 1.3%) 2.5g 4.K- based AQP (alkyl anthraquinone pulping) waste (solid content: 11.6%, organic _{matter: 6.8%, K 2 O:} 4.0%)
35.0 g 5. Lime sludge (same as in Example 1) 2.5 g 6. Coal ash (same as in Example 1) 10.0 g 7. Phosphate ore 10.0 g After mixing and drying, shut off air and carbonize at 350 ° C. It is further ignited to 950 ° C, kept for 40 minutes and allowed to cool to obtain a lump consisting of a black melt and charcoal, crushed and used as an ecological fertilizer (charcoal: 48.1%, P ₂ O ₅ : 6.3%, K ₂ O : 2.7%, CaO: 10.7%, Mg
O: 0.4%, SiO ₂ : 22.8%) was obtained.

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ identification code FI C05D 3:00 5:00 9:00 C05F 7:02 9:00) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C05G 1/00 C05G 3/04 C05G 5/00 C05D 1/00 C05D 3/00 C05D 5/00 C05D 9/00 C05F 7/02 C05F 9/00

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A material comprising (i) a substance containing an organic substance, (ii) a substance containing potassium and / or sodium, (iii) a substance containing calcium and / or magnesium, and (iv) a substance containing silica, It consists of a mixture of charcoal obtained by heating a raw material of which at least one of them is waste while blocking or restricting oxygen and a glass-like soluble fertilizer, and the content of the charcoal is 15 to 80. % By weight, and the soluble fertilizer is R ₂ O · xMO · ySiO ₂ (where R is potassium and / or
Or sodium, M is magnesium and / or calcium, x is a number from 0.3 to 4.0, and y is a number from 1.0 to 3.5)
An ecological fertilizer comprising a glass-like substance mainly composed of: And (ii) a substance containing potassium or sodium, (iii) a substance containing calcium or magnesium, and (iv) a substance containing silica. A raw material, at least one of which is a waste, is heated while blocking or limiting oxygen to form a mixture of charcoal and a glassy, soluble fertilizer, the content of which is 15 to 80% by weight. The soluble fertilizer is R ₂ O.xMO.ySiO ₂ (where R is potassium or sodium, M is magnesium or calcium, and x is 0.
A number of 3 to 4.0, and y represents a number of 1.0 to 3.5). 3. The substance containing calcium or magnesium,
3. The method according to claim 2, which is a calcium and / or magnesium phosphate. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the organic matter is solid waste such as sludge, dead leaves, dead branches, rice straw, rice husk, etc., which are by-produced in the treatment of paper waste and wastewater. 5. The substance containing calcium and / or magnesium is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesite, limestone, dolomite, serpentine, magnesium sludge of sea lime method, and lime sludge by-produced during sugar production. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the substance containing silica is glass waste, coal ash, and potassium quartz trachyte.