JP2873416B2 - Household garbage composting equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention treats garbage such as garbage generated in a kitchen of a household so that it can be fermented and decomposed for each household so that soil can be returned to a compost and a vegetable garden or a flower bed. The present invention relates to an apparatus for composting household garbage.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Garbage generated at home is fermented and decomposed one by one to treat it so that soil can be returned to compost and vegetable gardens or flower beds. This results in resource reuse and measures for garbage disposal. Attention has been paid to the fact that it also serves as a coherent device.
JP-A-190284, JP-A-61-155340 and the like have been proposed.

[0003] Composting of garbage can be achieved by fermenting and decomposing organic matter in the garbage with the aid of microorganisms. In this fermentation, an aerobic fermentation decomposition method is generally employed in which fermentation is performed by giving oxygen to the processed material, because of the advantages such as high fermentation heat obtained during fermentation and little generation of malodor accompanying fermentation. ing. In order to promote this aerobic fermentation, it is necessary to maintain an optimum environment for microbial activity, so that it is necessary to maintain the processed material in an appropriate range of water and temperature conditions, and to supply oxygen required for fermentation. is there. For this reason, in this kind of garbage composting apparatus, as shown in the above-mentioned prior art, a stirring means for equalizing the water state and the oxygen supply state of the whole processed material, and the water supply together with the oxygen supply, Aeration means for maintaining the temperature below a certain value is provided, and a heating means for promoting stable fermentation even in the cold season is provided.Suitable for aerobic fermentation in a container serving as a fermenter. It is configured to promote the composting reaction of garbage by maintaining the environment.

[0004]

By the way, in the prior art of the prior art, if attention is paid to the air ventilation means necessary for maintaining the above-mentioned aerobic fermentation decomposition, for example, the above-mentioned JP-A-59-190284 is disclosed. In the publication, air is introduced into the tank from an air supply pipe provided at the bottom of the fermenter, and the air flows upward through the sediment in the tank. It is configured to be discharged out of the fermenter from an exhaust pipe provided in the upper space of the fermenter. In addition, actual opening 61-155
No. 340 also discloses that the sediment is sucked into the vertical fermenter through an air intake port provided at the bottom of the fermenter, flows upward through the tank, and is discharged from the upper air discharge port. It is configured to be discharged outside.

[0005] As in the prior art described above, air for maintaining aerobic fermentation is sucked in from the bottom of a vertical fermentation tank, and sediments are circulated upward. There are the following problems in the form of discharging to wastewater. (1) First of all, when putting garbage into the fermenter, there is a problem that the odor is scattered outside when opening and closing the lid that closes the upper inlet every time. (2) .The biggest problem is that when exhaust air passes through the sediment and enters the upper space of the fermenter, saturated air containing moisture touches the upper wall surface of the fermenter and the inner surface of the lid. In order to cope with the condensation phenomenon in which a large amount of water droplets adhere, a mechanism for draining the condensation water out of the tank is required, so that the structure of the entire apparatus is greatly complicated. (3) In addition, in the above-described treatment of the drainage of the condensed water, even if a drainage mechanism is provided, water droplets of the condensed water cannot be reliably removed.
There is also a problem that water drops removed from the fermentation product return to the fermentation product again and water is not properly removed. (4) Furthermore, since the lower part of the sediment near the bottom of the fermenter is excessively dried and solidified, the ventilation plate placed at the bottom of the fermenter is clogged and the air permeability is reduced. The problem of being hindered also arises.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is configured such that dew condensation occurring in an air discharge path for maintaining aerobic fermentation is generated below a fermentation tank, and the dew water is discharged. For home use, this eliminates the need for a special drainage mechanism, which greatly simplifies the overall configuration of the device, enables efficient aerobic fermentation and decomposition of garbage, and minimizes odor scattering. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for composting garbage.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a garbage inlet at an upper portion, and a garbage inlet at a bottom portion through a perforated floor plate having air permeability. An exhaust / drain chamber has a vertical cylindrical fermentation layer in which a compartment is defined, and an opening / closing lid that airtightly closes the garbage input port at the top of the fermenter, and from the top to the bottom in the fermenter. Air blowing means for blowing air, driving means for rotating a stirring device provided in the fermentation tank, and communication between the exhaust / drain chamber and the outside of the apparatus via an aeration tank communicating with the exhaust / drain chamber. With a deodorizing path to perform, while imparting a required stirring action to the garbage sequentially put into the fermentation tank by the rotation of the stirring device by the driving means,
The air blown by the blowing means has a ventilation structure in which forced air is blown from the upper part of the fermenter through the garbage accumulation layer into the exhaust / drain chamber, and flows out into the exhaust / drain chamber by this ventilation. Drainage such as dew condensation water generated on the wall surface in the exhaust / drain chamber is contacted with saturated air containing moisture contained in the exhaust gas, and the drainage water is stored in the aeration tank, and the exhaust gas is aerated in the aeration tank. After that, the air is exhausted to the outside of the apparatus through the deodorizing path, and in the aeration tank, when the water level exceeds a predetermined level, the water is drained to the outside of the apparatus via a drainage unit connected to the aeration tank. .

[0008] Also, the device according to the invention, and characteristics of the
At the same time, the outer periphery of the fermenter is
Heating means to supplement the heat effect and insulation to prevent heat release
A heat insulating material, wherein the heating means is an electric heater
Is fixed to the above fermentation tank.
It is characterized in that it is fixed to the hand. Furthermore, the above
In addition to the features, the blowing means and the driving means
The lid is installed inside the lid and the lid is opened and closed.
As a result, the power transmission between the driving means and the stirring means is separated.
It is equipped with a decoupling / uncoupling mechanism.
The fermenter is detachably mounted above the main unit.
It is characterized by the fact that

[0009]

The composting device constructed as described above puts the garbage generated in each household sequentially into the fermenter from the top and turns the stirring device a required number of times (about 15 times) after each feeding. After mixing and mixing the garbage, the ventilation means is operated to maintain the ventilation, and oxygen is supplied to the garbage deposited by the ventilation, whereby the garbage is supplied. The organic matter in the aerobic fermentation decomposition is carried out with the help of microorganisms. When the inside of the fermenter is full, the processed material is taken out as compost, and the process proceeds to the next process.

[0010] At this time, according to the structure of the present invention, the air blown into the fermentation tank flows from the top to the bottom of the stack of garbage and then flows to the bottom of the perforated floor plate made of air. , And is discharged from the chamber through a required deodorizing path to the outside. In such an air flow path, when the exhaust gas flows from the top to the bottom of the garbage stack and flows out into the chamber, the saturated air in the exhaust gas touches the wall surface in the chamber and a dew condensation phenomenon occurs. However, the dew water can be directly discharged from the chamber to the lower side by a pipe, so that the dew water does not return to the upper fermentation tank, the water is efficiently removed, and the removed waste water is collected. Can be easily recovered simply by providing a drainage path at the bottom of the fermenter.

In addition, the air that has passed through the garbage deposition layer is
Since there is no return to the upper part of the fermenter, the odor does not scatter to the outside from the upper inlet when the openable lid is opened at the time of putting in garbage, and the exhaust gas is exhausted from the chamber. Since a configuration is also possible in which the exhaust gas can be discharged to the outside by bypassing the deodorizing route, scattering of odor can be minimized. Furthermore, since air flows through the garbage layer from top to bottom, the lower part of the sediment near the bottom of the fermenter does not excessively dry and solidify. However, there is obtained such an effect that clogging is not caused and air permeability is impaired.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view showing the internal structure of the device. In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes an apparatus main body having a rectangular wall constituting an outer wall.
Is hinged to open and close upward. A vertical cylindrical fermenter 3 having an opening 31 for garbage in the upper part of the apparatus main body 1 and a required amount of water stored inside the fermenter 3 below the fermenter 3. And a deodorizing column 5 containing a deodorizing adsorbent 51 therein.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fermenter 3 is formed in a cylindrical body having a bottom and an open top, and has a flange portion 32 at an upper edge. By contacting the upper edge of the fermenter 3, the fermenter 3 is supported so as to be detachable upward from the internal space of the apparatus main body 1. The flange portion 32 of the fermenter 3 has a ring-shaped sealing member 2 provided on the lower surface of the opening / closing lid 2 when the lid 2 is closed.
The upper opening 3 of the fermenter 3 is hermetically sealed by contacting the upper surface 3. Inside the fermenter 3, a floor plate 34 made of a porous plate having air permeability is provided slightly above the bottom plate 33 with a required interval between the bottom plate 33 and the bottom plate 33 and the floor plate 34. A drain chamber 35 is defined.
A discharge port 36 is provided on the bottom surface of the chamber 35,
The distal end of the discharge hose 37 connected to this is connected to a suction pipe 41 provided in the aeration tank 4.
The tip of 1 is opened below the surface of the water stored in the aeration tank 4.

The fermenter 3 has a stirring shaft 6 vertically provided in the center of the fermenter 3 and has a stirring shaft 6 at its upper portion in the radial direction. An upper stirring blade 62 fixed via an extending arm 61 and a lower stirring blade 64 fixed via an arm 63 extending in the radial direction at the lower part of the shaft circumference are mounted. Constitutes a stirring device. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper and lower stirring blades 62, 64 are arranged such that the upper stirring blades 62 are rotated forward with respect to the tip of the arm 61 extending in the radial direction, and It is fixed so as to incline downward at a required angle. Further, the lower stirring blade 64 has a direction in which it rotates backward with respect to the tip of the radial arm 63 extending to the vicinity of the inner wall of the fermenter 3 and has a diameter smaller than the rotation radius of the arm tip. Curvature r
Is formed so as to rise upward at a required receding angle α (see FIG. 2), and the stirring blade 64 at the lower stage follows the curvature r and recedes at the angle α by such a form. The stirrer moves along a spiral stirring trajectory that rises up, so that even if a large amount of garbage is mixed in the processed material charged and deposited in the fermenter 3, the garbage is less likely to be caught on the blades 64. The stirring performance such that the processed material is turned inward from the cylindrical peripheral wall of the fermenter 3 is obtained. The lower part of the stirring shaft 6 is the floor plate 3.
4 is rotatably supported at the center thereof, and the upper portion thereof is rotatably supported by the support member 65 so as to be perpendicular to the center position in the fermenter 3. The upper end of the stirring shaft 6 is a T-shaped joint. It is formed in the part 66, and is configured so that it can be easily connected to and detached from a stirring driving means described later.

The outer periphery of the fermenter 3 is
An electric heater 9 is surrounded by a lower portion as a heating device for supplementarily providing a required heating effect to the fermenter 3. A heat insulating material is provided to prevent heat radiation. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the electric heater 9 as the above-mentioned heating device is a metal fixed band 9 having a fastening mechanism.
The fixing band 91 is fixed to or detached from the fermenter 3 by tightening or releasing the fixing band 91. That is, the fixed band 91 is
As shown in FIG. 4, a part of the circumference is fixed to the inner wall of the apparatus main body 1 by a fixing bracket 92, and the opposite side facing the fixing position is cut off and a fastening portion is attached to each separation end. 93 are formed. An operation shaft 94 having a right screw and a left screw is screwed and inserted into the nuts of the two tightening portions 93 with the fixing portion 96 fixed to the inner wall of the apparatus main body 1 sandwiched between the pair of opposing tightening portions 93. And
Normally, when the operation shaft 94 is rotated in one direction by a rotation operation of an operation knob 95 provided outside the apparatus main body 1, the fixed band 91 is tightened in a direction in which the fixed band 91 comes into close contact with the outer periphery of the fermenter 3. When the fermenter 3 is removed, when the fermenter 3 is rotated in the other direction, the fermenter 3 is opened in a direction away from the outer periphery of the fermenter 3.

The opening / closing lid 2 is provided with an electric air pump 8 serving as a blower between the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 22 constituting the lid. This blowing means includes an opening / closing lid 2
The outlet 81 is installed downward so that the air blown by the air pump 8 when the air is closed is forcedly blown into the fermenter 3 from above. A variable resistor (not shown) for variably adjusting the drive voltage to the air pump 8 is provided on the opening / closing lid 2, and an adjusting knob 82 is provided on a side portion of the opening / closing lid 2. The adjustment allows the drive voltage to the air pump 8 to be variable so that the amount of air passed through the fermenter 3 can be adjusted.

The opening / closing lid 2 is provided with a driving means for rotating the stirring device between the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 22 constituting the lid. This drive means has a stirring handle 7 which can be manually rotated, and a rotation shaft 71 of the stirring handle 7 is inserted between the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 22 constituting the lid, and the speed is reduced. One of the watches that make up the mechanism
The shaft of the other worm wheel 73 which meshes with the worm 72 is used as a drive shaft 74 as the opening / closing lid 2.
Of the drive shaft 74 when the cover 2 is closed.
The bifurcated drive transmission claw 75 attached to the end of the
When the opening / closing lid 2 is opened, the drive transmission claw 75 is easily detached from the T-shaped joint 66 by coupling with the T-shaped joint 66 formed at the upper end of the opening. It is a configuration that can be done.

The aeration tank 4 is disposed below the fermenter 3 at the bottom of the apparatus main body 1. The aeration tank 4 has a side lid 11 hinged to the lower part of the apparatus main body 1. It can be removed by opening it. Aeration tank 4
As shown in FIG. 6, there is provided a drain pipe 42 for overflowing the water inside the tank 4 when the water stored in the tank 4 reaches a specified water level. In order to prevent only the excess water that has reached the water level from flowing out and the air in the upper part of the tank from leaking, an inverted U-shaped siphon section 43 is provided on the way.
Are formed. In addition to the suction pipe 41 connected to the discharge hose 37 described above, the tank 4
An air hose 44 for discharging air from the tank is provided in communication with an upper space of the deodorizing column 5, and an end of the air hose 44 is connected to an air inlet 52 of the deodorizing column 5.

The above-mentioned deodorizing column 5 has an air inlet 52 connected to the air hose 44 at one end of a sealed cylindrical container, an air outlet 53 at the other end, and adsorbs inside the container. It contains a deodorizing material 51. As the adsorbing deodorizing material 51, a natural adsorbing deodorizing material made of peat moss is used. The deodorizing column 5 is formed in a vertically long shape so that the passage time of the air passing through the adsorbing and deodorizing material 51 can be long, and the deodorizing column 5 is disposed in a blind spot space of one corner of the apparatus main body 1. It is detachably mounted by opening the side lid 12 hinged to the corner.

Next, the mode of use of the present apparatus configured as described above and its operation will be described. This device is installed in each home, and raw garbage generated in each home is sequentially put into the fermenter 3 on a daily basis, and a required stirring action is given thereto. Aerobic fermentation decomposition is carried out with the aid of microorganisms by the supply of air (oxygen) while maintaining the water and temperature conditions, and the input sediment is successively composted until the fermenter 3 becomes full. Lasting,
When the fermenter 3 becomes full, the fermentation layer 3 is removed and the composted material is discharged. In use, a fermentation start-up period is required to prompt the start of aerobic fermentation when the first raw garbage is charged. At the time of the first introduction, first, the opening / closing lid 2 is opened, the fermentation seeds are added together with the garbage from the upper introduction port into the fermentation tank 3, and a fermentation promoter such as sawdust is added so that air can easily pass through the inside of the input. throw into. After the charging, the opening and closing lid 2 is closed, the upper opening of the fermenter 3 is sealed, and the stirring handle 7 is turned about 15 times to stir and mix the input material by the stirring device. Then, the air pump 8 is operated to blow air from the outlet 81 located above the fermenter 3 toward the input material in the fermenter 3. In the rising period of fermentation at the initial stage of feeding, the amount of air blown by the air pump 8 is reduced to a small amount to promote the rising of fermentation. Fermentation starts up in 3 to 5 days after the first feeding. After that,
The generated garbage is put into the fermentation tank 3 so as to be sequentially stacked on the fermented processed material. Each time garbage is charged, the sediment is stirred and mixed by operating the stirring handle 7. After the start-up period of fermentation, the addition of inoculum and fermentation promoter is not necessary, and depending on the input amount of garbage, if the input amount is large, the amount of air blown by air pump 8 is large, and the input amount is If the amount is small, adjust the air flow rate to a small value. If raw garbage is continuously supplied, the fermenter 3 becomes full in about 3 months with the amount of garbage generated in a normal household, and the sediment in the full fermenter 3 is maintained due to the continuous composting reaction. The whole amount is composted and discharged. If a small amount of the compost is left in the fermenter 3 for the next use, it can be used as a seed fungus when the first raw garbage is charged.

In the above-mentioned use, the air blown from above the fermentation tank 3 by the air pump 8 ventilates the sediment in the fermentation tank from top to bottom to supply oxygen into the sediment and to accumulate the sediment. The exhaust gas that has absorbed the moisture and passed through the sediment passes through a floor plate 34 made of a porous plate having air permeability and flows out into a chamber 35 partitioned thereunder. The following operation is obtained in such an air circulation path. (1). If the form of air flows out into the fermentation tank kitchen refuse deposited layer in circulation from top to bottom chamber 35 of the 3, evacuated Ru is the runoff in the chamber 35, over-containing water saturated
When the Japanese air comes into contact with the wall surface in the chamber 35, dew condensation occurs, and the water droplets pass through a discharge port 36 provided in a bottom portion (bottom plate 33 of the fermenter 3) in the chamber 35 and through a discharge hose 37 into the aeration tank 4. Flows into the suction pipe 41 of the aeration tank 4
Since the water is drained below the water surface and collected in the tank 4, the dew condensation water does not return to the upper fermenter 3 and the water adsorbed by the flow of air is efficiently removed. When both be recovered in the removed moisture fermentors 3
By simply providing a drainage path such as a drainage port 36, a discharge hose 37, a suction pipe 41, and an aeration tank 4 at the bottom of the device, it is possible to easily recover the wastewater. (2). The air that has passed through the garbage stack is discharged into the chamber 35 and then discharged from the bottom outlet 36 through a discharge hose 37 → a suction pipe 41 → an aeration tank 4 → an air hose 4.
Since the exhaust gas containing the malodorous component flows through the deodorizing column 5 through the container 4, the exhaust gas containing the malodorous component does not return to the upper part of the fermenter 3, so that when the openable lid 2 is opened when the garbage is charged, the malodorous component is removed. The phenomenon that the contained odor scatters outside from the upper inlet 31 does not occur. (3). As described above, the exhaust gas is supplied from the discharge port 37 provided at the bottom of the chamber 35 to the discharge hose 37 → the suction pipe 41
→ aeration tank 4 → air hose 44 → exhausted to the atmosphere via deodorizing column 5, bypassing a specific deodorizing route (aeration tank 4, deodorizing column 5), and discharging to the outside. Can be reduced. (4). Further, after the air comes into contact with the newly-added garbage in the fermentation tank 3, the air flows from the top to the bottom through the layer of the garbage previously input.
The phenomenon that only the fermentation material deposited on the bottom of the fermentation tank is excessively dried and solidified does not occur, and the air-permeable perforated floor plate 34 disposed at the bottom of the fermenter 3 is clogged to reduce the air permeability. The problem of inhibition does not derive.

[0022]

According to the present invention, an apparatus capable of efficiently aerobically fermenting and decomposing garbage, which is generated daily in each household, in an aerobic fermentation tank by sequentially feeding the garbage into the fermenter. In particular, the device circulates the form of air that is indispensable for maintaining aerobic fermentation decomposition from the upper part of the fermenter to the lower part of the fermenter through the garbage sedimentary layer, thereby saturating exhaust gas. Dew condensation caused by air
Since it is formed in a chamber defined in the lower part of the fermenter, the structure of the drainage treatment of the condensed water is greatly simplified, and excess water adsorbed and removed from the fermenter can be efficiently and properly removed. In addition, since an apparatus that can easily collect wastewater and also minimizes odor scattering can be obtained with a simple configuration, an excellent effect that an inexpensive household garbage composting apparatus can be provided can be obtained. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a household garbage composting device.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a household garbage composting device.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a fermenter and an electric heater.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a position where an electric heater is disposed.

FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a stirring blade of the stirring device.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a part of the aeration tank broken down.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main body 11, 12 Side cover 2 Opening / closing lid 21 Upper plate 22 Lower plate 2
Reference Signs List 3 seal member 3 fermenter 31 garbage input port 32 flange 33 bottom plate 34 floor plate 35 chamber 36 discharge port 37 discharge hose 4 aeration tank 41 suction pipe 42 drain pipe 4
Reference Signs List 3 siphon section 44 air hose 5 deodorizing column 51 deodorizing adsorbent 52 air inlet 53 air outlet 6 stirring shaft 61 arm 62 upper stirring blade 63 arm 64 lower stirring blade 65 support member 66 T-shaped Joint r Curvature α Receding angle 7 Stirring handle 71 Rotating shaft 72 Worm gear 73 Worm wheel 74 Drive shaft 75 Drive transmission claw 8 Air pump 81 Blow-out 82 Adjustment knob 9 Electric heater section 91 Fixing band 92 Fixing bracket 93 Tightening Part 94 Operation shaft 95 Operation knob 96 Fixed part

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vertical cylindrical fermentation layer having an opening for garbage at the top thereof and a chamber for exhausting and draining below the bottom through a gas-permeable perforated floor plate at the bottom. An opening / closing lid for airtightly closing the garbage input port at the top of the fermentation tank, a blowing means for blowing air from above to the bottom in the fermentation tank, and a stirring device provided inside the fermentation tank. Drive means for rotating and an aeration tank communicating with the exhaust / drain chamber.
Deodorization that communicates between the exhaust / drain chamber and the outside of the device
And a path, while applying a required stirring action to the raw garbage sequentially injected into the fermentation tank by the rotation of the stirring device by the driving means, the air blown by the blowing means, from the top of the fermentation tank a ventilation structure for a forced air toward the exhaust and draining for the chamber through the deposited layer of the raw waste, flows out into the exhaust and draining the chamber through the ventilation exhaust
Contact with saturated air containing moisture contained in the air
Dew water generated on the wall in the exhaust / drain chamber
Wastewater is stored in the aeration tank, and the exhaust
After being aerated in the aeration tank, it is installed via the above-mentioned deodorizing route.
It is exhausted outside the unit, and in the aeration tank, the water level exceeds
Is reached, through drainage means connected to the aeration tank
Composting device for household garbage, characterized by being drained out of the device. 2. A heating means for supplementing the fermenter with a superheating effect and an adiabatic heat insulator for preventing the release of heat are provided on the outer periphery of the fermenter. The household garbage composting device according to claim 1, wherein an electric heater is fixed to a fixed band that operates to tighten or open the fermenter. 3. The air blowing means and the driving means are provided inside the lid of the opening / closing lid, and the power transmission between the driving means and the agitating means is separated and opened with the opening / closing of the opening / closing lid. The household garbage composting device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a coupling mechanism. 4. The fermenter according to claim 1, wherein the fermenter is detachably attached to an upper part of the apparatus main body.
The household garbage composting device according to 2 or 3.