JP2827722B2 - Electronic percussion instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a percussion instrument (natural instrument).
The present invention relates to an electronic percussion instrument that electrically synthesizes musical tones by simulating the sound generation mechanism of a percussion instrument and generates musical tones unique to percussion instruments.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is an electronic percussion instrument for electrically synthesizing a musical tone generated by a natural instrument such as a percussion instrument. Such an electronic percussion instrument has a sensor for detecting the degree of impact when the hitting surface is hit with a stick or the like, and a sound source for synthesizing a musical sound. For the sound source, a storage means for storing a waveform signal which is a source of a musical tone is used in advance. At the time of sound generation, a low-pass filter is applied to the waveform signal read from the storage means, and a signal detected from the sensor is generated. By changing the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter according to the intensity, the musical tone is changed.

[0003]

In the case of percussion instruments (natural instruments), for example, in the case of conga, the tone changes depending on the strength of the usual slap.
When muting is performed by hitting the sheet with a flat hand or a stick while holding a part of the sheet (hitting surface) with one hand, a musical tone is obtained in which the harmonic component is reduced and the attenuation is quickened. However, in the above-described conventional electronic percussion instrument, the change in timbre only responds to the strength of the strike, and there is no change in the timbre even if mute is performed. For this reason, the striking method, the playing method, and the generated musical sound cannot be balanced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide an electronic percussion instrument capable of producing musical tones in response to a striking and playing performance operation as in a natural musical instrument. I have.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting an operation in which a hitting surface is divided into a plurality of areas, and an operation for each area is independently detected. Means, when the number of operations detected by the operation detection means is one, generates a predetermined musical tone corresponding to the operation;
When there are a plurality of operations detected by the operation detecting unit, the tone generating unit generates a tone different from the predetermined tone according to the plurality of operations. Wherein the tone characteristics are controlled based on the distance between the positions of the areas in which is detected. Further, the invention according to claim 2 provides a musical tone generation
Shock detecting means for detecting a shock applied to the hitting surface used for the instruction, pressing detecting means for detecting pressing applied to the hitting surface, and detecting the pressing when the shock detecting means detects an impact. The impact of the striking surface was applied by means
It is determined whether or not a press is detected at a position different from the position.If a press is not detected, a predetermined musical tone is generated in accordance with the detected impact. And a tone generating means for generating a tone different from the predetermined tone in response to an impact and a pressure. Further, according to the invention of claim 3, the tone generation instruction is
In an electronic percussion instrument in which a hitting surface is divided into a plurality of regions, both an impact by a hitting operation and a pressing of the hitting surface on each of the plurality of regions are detected for each of the plurality of regions of the hitting surface. /> an operation detection means it, when detected impact is in any of the areas, to determine whether the detected pressed in any other area, when pressed by the determination has not been detected If determined, a predetermined tone corresponding to the impact is generated, and if determined that the pressing is detected, a tone different from the predetermined tone corresponding to the impact and pressing is generated. Generating means. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the musical sound generating means generates a musical sound different from the predetermined musical sound by controlling a decay time and a frequency component of the generated musical sound. The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the hitting surface
A tone setting means for setting a tone for the
Set a common tone for the
You.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the operation detecting means independently detects an operation for each area on the hitting surface divided into a plurality of areas, and the musical sound generating means detects the operation detected by the operation detecting means. If the number of operations is one, a predetermined tone corresponding to the operation is generated, and if the number of operations detected by the operation detecting means is plural, a tone different from the predetermined tone corresponding to the plurality of operations is generated. And controlling the tone characteristics based on the distance between the positions of the areas in which each of the plurality of operations is detected. Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the impact detecting means includes:
Detecting the impact applied to the hitting surface used for the tone generation instruction , the pressing detection means detects the pressing applied to the hitting surface,
Then, when the musical sound generating means detects an impact by the impact detecting means, the impact of the hitting surface is applied by the pressing detecting means .
It is determined whether or not a press is detected at a position different from the touched position, and when a press is not detected, a predetermined musical tone corresponding to the detected impact is generated, and when a press is detected, A tone different from the predetermined tone corresponding to the impact and pressure is generated. Further, in the invention of claim 3, wherein, easy
In an electronic percussion instrument in which the hitting surface used for sound generation instruction is divided into a plurality of regions, the operation detecting means detects an impact by a hitting operation for each of a plurality of regions of the hitting surface and a plurality of regions of the hitting surface.
Both detects the pressing of the musical tone generating means, when it is detected impact is in any of the areas, to determine whether the detected pressed in any other region, it is pressed by the determination When it is determined that the detected impact is not detected, a predetermined musical tone corresponding to the detected impact is generated, and when it is determined that the pressing is detected by the determination, the predetermined musical tone corresponding to the detected impact and the pressing is generated. Produces different musical tones. Also,
In the invention according to claim 4, in the musical sound generating means,
A tone different from the predetermined tone is generated by controlling the decay time and frequency component of the tone. Claim 5
In the invention of the above, the tone color setting means is used for a plurality of areas.
To set a common tone.

[0007]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A is a sectional view showing the structure of one embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, when the sheet 2 is hit with a stick or the like, or is pressed by hand, pressure is applied. The membrane switches 3, 3, and 3 are disposed over the entire upper surface of the pad 4 via pressure-sensitive sensors 5, 5, and 5 (shown in FIG. 1B, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG. 5) is provided in a matrix, and transmits the pressure pressed by the sheet 2 to the pressure-sensitive sensors 5, 5,. Pressure sensor 5, 5,
., 5 detect the pressure applied to each area of the seat 2. The impact sensor 6 is provided in the center of the lower part of the pad 4 and detects the degree of impact when the sheet 2 is hit with a stick or the like. The position numbers of the membrane switch 3 and the pressure-sensitive sensor 5 are determined according to the positions where they are mounted. The same position number is assigned to the membrane switch and the pressure sensor at the same position.

Next, a description will be given of a combination of distances between two operation positions on the hitting surface (hereinafter referred to as distance D) used in a flowchart described later. FIG. 1B shows an example in which the hitting surface is divided into nine parts. In this case, the distance D between two operations belonging to the same position is set to “0”. It is assumed that the distance D between two positions adjacent vertically and horizontally is "1" (for example, a and b in the figure). The distance D between two obliquely adjacent positions is set to “2” (for example, a and c in the figure). It is assumed that the distance D between the two positions of the jump in the vertical and horizontal directions is “3” (for example, b and d in the figure).
The distance D between the two positions of Keima Jump is set to "4" (for example, c and d in the figure). The distance D between two positions that are diagonally skipped is set to “5” (for example, c and e in the figure). The determined distance D is set in a register in a flowchart described later. Then, the DRR table and the FP shown in FIGS.
The data in the table is created based on the distance D and a tone code TC to be described later so that the striking style, the playing style, and the generated musical tone are balanced.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a system configuration of an electronic percussion instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, parts corresponding to those in FIGS. 1A and 1B are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. CPU (Cent
A ral processing unit (8) controls each unit connected to the bus line B. The timer 9 supplies a clock pulse to the CPU 8. The program memory 10 contains C
A predetermined program executed by the PU 8 is stored. In the working memory 11, reading and writing of variables and the like are performed while the CPU 8 executes the program in the program memory 10. The tone generator 12 (hereinafter referred to as TG) forms a tone signal based on a control signal supplied from the CPU 8 via the bus line B, and outputs the tone signal to the sound system 13. The sound system 13 generates a tone based on the supplied tone signal.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the TG 12 system described above. In this figure, the addresser 20 generates an address based on the supplied key-on pulse KONP, tone code TC, and velocity VEL, and outputs the address to the waveform memory 21. The waveform memory 21 outputs waveform data to a multiplier 25 described later based on the address signal output from the addresser 20. The EG parameter memory 22 generates an attack level AL, an attack rate AR, a decay level DL and a decay rate DR, which are various parameters of the envelope, based on the supplied key-on pulse KONP, tone code TC and velocity VEL, and generates an envelope generator. 23 (hereinafter, referred to as EG), generates a release rate RR ′, and outputs it to the adder 24. The adder 24 generates a release rate RR by adding the release rate RR ′ and a control signal DRR described later, and outputs the generated release rate RR to the EG 23.

Here, in order to explain the above-mentioned various parameters of the envelope supplied to the above-mentioned EG 23, a conceptual diagram of the envelope is shown in FIG. In this figure, the vertical axis represents the volume level, and the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time from the generation of the musical sound to the silence. The attack rate AR indicates the slope of the rising edge of the envelope when a musical sound is generated. The attack level AL indicates the maximum value of the sound generation level. From this point, the envelope level attenuates with the inclination of the decay DR. When the level of the envelope attenuates to the decay level DL, the level of the envelope attenuates at the inclination of the release rate RR and becomes zero. At this time, the release rate RR is processed by the adder 24 based on the release rate RR ′ and the control signal DRR determined by the control parameter DRR illustrated in the DRR table of FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the absolute value of the slope of the release rate RR is larger than that of the release rate RR ′. Also, release rate R
Since the absolute value of R becomes larger as the value of the control signal DRR is larger, the musical tone is muted earlier as the value of the control signal DRR is larger. Thus, attack rate AR, attack level AL, decay rate DR, decay level DL,
The release rate RR determines an envelope from generation of a musical sound to silence.

Returning to FIG. 5, the EG 23 includes the above-described attack level AL, attack rate AR, and decay level D.
The envelope based on L, decay rate DR, and release rate RR is output to the multiplier 25. Multiplier 25
Is the waveform data read from the waveform memory 21 and EG
The multiplication signal is multiplied by the envelope output from 23 and the multiplied signal is output to the low-pass filter 26. In the low-pass filter 26, by the supplied filter coefficient FP,
The cutoff frequency is adjusted, and the wide-range characteristics of the waveform signal output from the multiplier 25 are varied. The low-pass filter 26 is all-pass when the filter coefficient FP is “1”. As the filter coefficient FP decreases, the cutoff frequency decreases. When the filter coefficient FP is “0”, the entire band is cut off. Become. This filter coefficient FP
Is based on the distance D and the tone code TC.
Determined from the P table. The signal output from the low-pass filter 26 is output to a D / A converter 28. D
The / A converter 28 converts the tone signal output from the low-pass filter 26 from a digital signal to an analog signal, and converts the analog signal to the sound system 13 shown in FIG.
Output to

As described above, the TG 12 forms a tone signal based on the supplied control signal, and outputs the tone signal to the sound system 13.

Next, a control process according to an embodiment of the above-described electronic percussion instrument 1 will be described with reference to a flowchart shown in FIG. The control in this case corresponds to the operation when the player hits the sheet 2 with a stick or the like while holding a part of the sheet 2 with one hand, that is, the operation at the time of mute.

When the power of the electronic percussion instrument 1 is turned on, the CP
U1 starts execution of a main routine whose flow is shown in FIG. First, the process proceeds to step SP1 to perform initialization processing of a predetermined register or the like, and then proceeds to step SP2. In step SP2, the presence / absence of an ON event of the membrane switch 3 is checked. If the ON event of the membrane switch 3 is not detected, the result of the determination in step SP2 is "NO", and the routine proceeds to step SP12. Step SP
At 12, it is determined whether or not a tone switch (not shown) has been operated.
Returning to step 2, if the tone switch has been operated, the process proceeds to step SP13. In step SP13, the tone code TC corresponding to the operated switch is stored in the register, and the process proceeds to step SP14. In step SP14,
The tone code TC stored in the register is transferred to TG12.
Output to At this time, the TG 12 sets tone color parameters in accordance with the stored tone color program corresponding to the value of the input tone code TC.

The above steps are repeated until an ON event of the membrane switch 2 is detected in step SP2. However, if an ON event of the membrane switch 3 is detected, the process proceeds to step SP3. At step SP3, the position number of the membrane switch 3 at which the ON event is detected is stored in the register SWN.
Proceed to. In step SP4, the output envelope (envelope) of the impact sensor 6 is extracted and recorded for 6 ms (milliseconds), and the process proceeds to step SP5. In step SP5,
The peak value of the envelope extracted in step SP4 is checked to see if it exceeds a predetermined threshold. this is,
This is a process for preventing vibration other than the impact, such as slight shaking, from being detected as the impact. If it does not exceed the threshold value, it is determined that it is not a hit, and the process proceeds to step SP12 to repeat the above-described processing. On the other hand, if the threshold value is exceeded, it is determined that the impact is due to a hit, and the process proceeds to step SP6.

In step SP6, the rising slope of the extracted envelope is calculated and stored in the register VEL, and the flow advances to step SP7. In step SP7, the value stored in the velocity VEL together with the key-on pulse KONP is output to the TG 12, and the process proceeds to step SP8.

In step SP8, it is checked whether or not the output is higher than a predetermined threshold. In this process, if there is a position where pressure is applied to another position of the hit position, it is determined that the mute state of the natural percussion instrument (for example, conga) is indicated, and pressure is applied to another position of the hit position. This is a process for distinguishing that if there is no position, it is regarded as a simple blow. The reason why the determination is made only for a value exceeding a predetermined threshold value is to prevent a malfunction that is determined to be in a mute state in response to air vibration or a change in atmospheric pressure. As described above, the same position number is assigned to the membrane switch 3 and the pressure-sensitive sensor 5 at the same position.

If the output of the pressure-sensitive sensor is higher than the threshold value in step SP8, the process proceeds to step SP9, and if not, the process proceeds to step SP12. The processing after step SP12 is the same as described above.
Returning to P2, the above-described processing is repeated.

In step SP9, among the pressure-sensitive sensors determined to have an output equal to or greater than the threshold value in SP8, the sensor closest to the position corresponding to the position number stored in SWN, The distance D from the position corresponding to the stored position number is calculated, stored in the register, and the process proceeds to step SP10.

In step SP10, referring to the DRR table (FIG. 2) stored in the program memory 10 in correspondence with the tone code TC representing the timbre and the distance D,
A control parameter D indicating the attenuation characteristic of a musical tone generated from the distance D obtained in step SP9 and the tone code TC currently set.
RR is read and stored in the register. Similarly, with reference to the FP table (FIG. 3) stored corresponding to the tone code TC and the distance D, a filter coefficient FP representing the high frequency range characteristic of the generated musical tone is read and stored in a register. Proceed to SP11. In step SP11, the TG 12 outputs the contents of the control parameter DRR and the filter coefficient FP, and proceeds to step SP12. Thereafter, as described above, the process of the tone switch is performed, and the process returns to step SP2.
The above processing is repeated.

The operation of the electronic percussion instrument of the present embodiment realized based on the above flowchart will be described. When the player operates the tone switch after turning on the power, the corresponding tone code TC is sent to the TG 12 in step SP12.
When the timbre switch is not operated, the default timbre number is sent to the TG 12 by the initial setting, so that the timbre is used.

Assuming that the player simply hits the sheet 2 with one hand, the membrane switch 3 at the position detected in step SP2 is turned on, so the process proceeds to step SP3, and the position number is stored in SWN. . Step SP
In step 4, the output envelope of the impact sensor 5 generated by the impact is extracted, and in step SP5, it is determined whether the peak value of the envelope is equal to or larger than a threshold value. Given that the impact was strong enough, this judgment was "YE
S "and proceeds to step SP6. In step SP6, the rising slope of the extracted envelope is calculated, and V
The value is stored in the EL, and the value of VEL is output to the TG 12 together with the key-on pulse in step SP7.

In the TG 12, the input key-on pulse KONP and the input velocity VEL are supplied to the addresser 20 and the EG parameter memory 22, as shown in FIG.
A waveform corresponding to the previously transmitted tone code TC and E
Start sounding with the G parameter.

Since the current strike is a simple strike without a mute operation, the judgment in step SP8 is "N
"O", and no data is sent to the TG 12 thereafter unless a tone switch operation or another hitting operation is performed. In other words, in the case of a simple percussion operation, a waveform corresponding to the tone code TC and the velocity VEL and an EG-shaped musical tone are generated, and the operation is similar to that of a general electronic percussion instrument. When the filter coefficient FP for controlling the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter 26 is not input, the low-pass filter 26 is in the all-pass state, and when FP is input, the cut-off characteristic corresponding to the FP is displayed. Thereafter, when the key-on pulse KONP is received, it is reset to the all-pass state.
In other words, in this impact, the low-pass filter is used in a passing state, and the original waveform is sounded without adjusting the high frequency range.

Next, a description will be given of the operation when the other part of the sheet 2 is struck sufficiently hard while holding down a part of the sheet 2 with one hand, that is, muting. First, when a part of the seat 2 is pressed, that is, when the mute operation is performed, the membrane switch 3 is turned on.
In step SP3 through step 2, the position number is stored in SWN. In step SP4, the output envelope of the shock sensor due to the mute operation is extracted, and in step SP5, it is determined whether or not the peak value is equal to or larger than the threshold value. In this case, the generation of a musical tone starts in accordance with the velocity VEL calculated beyond the threshold value if the operation is slightly strong, and the musical tone is generated without exceeding the threshold value if the operation is weak. Does not occur.
In any case, even with a natural percussion instrument, a musical tone is generated if the mute operation is strong, and no musical tone is generated if the mute operation is weak.

If there is a sufficiently strong impact during the continuation of the mute operation, the process proceeds from step SP2 to step SP8 via step SP7 as described above. In step SP8, the output of the pressure-sensitive sensor 5 exceeds the threshold value in response to the mute pressing operation, so the process proceeds to step SP9. In step SP9, the distance D between the hit position and the mute position is calculated and stored in a register. Here, if the distance D is, for example, “2” and the tone code TC currently being set is 3, the release control parameter DRR is set to “3” by referring to the DRR table in step SP10.
And the filter coefficient FP is set to “0.
5 ”, these coefficients are set to TG1 in step SP11.
Output to 2.

When these coefficients DRR and FP are input to the tone generator 12, first, the low-pass filter 2
The coefficient FP for determining the cutoff frequency of No. 6 is set to “0.5”, and the high-frequency range is attenuated in response to the mute. Here, if the FP table is created so that the cutoff frequency is reduced and the high-frequency attenuation is increased as the distance D between the mute operation position and the hitting operation position becomes shorter,
The operation is similar to that of an actual percussion instrument.

The DRR is input to an adder 24, and EDR
The default value RR 'of the release rate output from the G parameter memory 22 in correspondence with the tone number is added and input to the EG 23 as the release rate RR. Normally, the DRR is supplied with a positive value, so that the release rate becomes earlier when the mute operation is performed, which is the same as when a natural percussion instrument is muted. The DRR is reset to “0” together with the key-on pulse KONP.

According to the above embodiment, when the mute playing method is applied to the sheet 2 which is the hitting surface of the electronic percussion instrument, the timbre change, the high frequency range characteristic change, and the decay speed change are the same as when the mute playing method is applied to the natural percussion instrument. Can be realized. In addition,
The setting is not limited to the setting of the same operation as that of the natural musical instrument, but may be set so as to make a change that cannot be made with the natural musical instrument. For example,
As the distance between the mute operation position and the striking operation position becomes shorter, the treble range may be increased, or the release rate may be made smaller. In addition to selecting a waveform according to the velocity VEL input to the addresser 20,
The address speed, that is, the pitch of the musical sound may be controlled by the velocity VEL.

In the embodiment, the percussion surface is divided into nine parts. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is needless to say that an electronic percussion instrument closer to a percussion instrument such as conga can be created by dividing the percussion surface more finely. In such a case, since the resolution of the distance D is improved, it is preferable that the DRR table and the FP table be finely created accordingly.

[0032]

As described in detail above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the hitting surface is divided into a plurality of areas, and when a plurality of operations are detected in the plurality of areas, the detected plurality of operations is performed. According to the second aspect of the present invention, the impact and the pressure on the hitting surface can be separately detected by the impact detecting means and the pressing detecting means. According to the third aspect of the present invention, the entire area of the plurality of areas can be used for both the hitting operation and the mute operation. Since a tone different from a predetermined tone can be generated by controlling the decay time and the frequency component, it is possible to generate a tone corresponding to a special striking method such as muting percussion instruments such as conga. In addition,
According to the inventions described in claims 2 and 3, in addition to the above effects,
When one hit is made, the impact sensor and the pressure sensor
Both operate, and always mute even with one hit
The work is done, that is, no mute by one shot
Inconvenience of not being able to perform normal hitting operations
You. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, one tone is emitted.
A single hitting surface can be divided into multiple areas
So, for example, mute percussion instruments such as conga
Operation detection corresponding to a simple hitting method can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a DRR table.

FIG. 3 is an FP table.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a system configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a system configuration of a TG used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing signals supplied to EG23 shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an operation corresponding to control when the sheet 2 is hit with a stick or the like while holding a part of the sheet 2 with one hand in the electronic percussion instrument 1 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Electronic percussion instrument 3 ... Membrane switch 5 ...
… Pressure sensor, 6… Impact sensor, 12… TG, 2
5 ... EG

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hitting surface is divided into a plurality of areas, and operation detecting means for independently detecting an operation for each area; and when the operation detected by the operation detecting means is one, the operation A musical tone generating means for generating a corresponding predetermined musical tone and generating a musical tone different from the predetermined musical tone according to the plurality of operations when there are a plurality of operations detected by the operation detecting means; An electronic percussion instrument, comprising: controlling a tone characteristic based on a distance between positions of regions in which each of a plurality of detected operations is detected. 2. An impact detecting means for detecting an impact applied to a hitting face used for instructing a tone generation, a pressing detecting means for detecting a pressing applied to said hitting face, and an impact detected by said impact detecting means. Is different from the position where the impact of the hitting surface is applied by the pressing detection means.
Pressing the position is determined whether it is detected that, when the pressing is not detected, generates a predetermined tone corresponding to impact issued該検, when the pressing is detected, the impact and pressing A musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone different from the predetermined musical tone according to the above. 3. A electronic percussion instrument on striking surface for use in the tone generation instruction is divided into a plurality of regions, and impact by the striking operation for each of the plurality of the regions of the striking surface, before
An operation detection unit both you detect the pressing of the plurality of the regions of the serial striking surface, when detected impact is in any of the regions, whether pressing is detected in other any region Discriminating, when it is determined that the press is not detected by the discrimination, a predetermined musical tone corresponding to the impact is generated, and when it is determined that the press is detected by the discrimination, the predetermined An electronic percussion instrument comprising: a musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone different from said predetermined musical tone. 4. The tone generator according to claim 1, wherein the tone generator generates a tone different from the predetermined tone by controlling a decay time and a frequency component of the pronunciation tone. Electronic percussion instrument according to the item. 5. A tone setting for setting a tone on the hitting surface.
Equipped with setting means, It is characterized in that a common tone is set for the plurality of areas.
The electronic percussion instrument according to claim 3, wherein