JPS6266295A - Electronic musical apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that generates sound by striking a diaphragm.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

For example, among natural instruments, there is a musical instrument called bibat (cymbals), which produces sound by hitting the cymbal part with a stele-like sound while the attached pedal is depressed. When the cymbal part is hit with a stick without pressing the pedal, the sound is slightly different from the sound produced, and the former sound is called a closed-by bat sound, while the latter sound is called an open-by bat sound. It is called the bat sound.

However, when attempting to obtain these two types of bibat sounds using conventional electronic musical instruments such as drum synthesizers, it is common practice to provide two pads (diaphragms) and use either of the patched sounds as a switch. Depending on whether the pad is struck, a pickup signal is selectively taken out from the pickup provided on each pad, and a predetermined musical tone generating device is driven based on this pickup signal to obtain two types of buy-butt sounds. According to this type of electronic musical instrument, two pads are provided, and the two systems of pickup signals from the backup provided for each pad must be electrically processed separately, which increases the size of the entire device. Therefore, there is a problem that the device is expensive.

[Purpose of the invention]

This invention was made to solve these conventional problems, and provides an electronic musical instrument that has a simple configuration and is capable of producing at least two different musical tones through simple instruction operations. The purpose is to provide.

[Key points of the invention]

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention selects and instructs one of at least two different types of musical tones to be generated based on a strike against one diaphragm by an instructing operation of an instructing means. The main point is that.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the diaphragm 10 that is struck during performance is made of plywood or the like, which is approximately the same size as a conventional high hat. A pickup 11 for detecting vibration is attached.

This pickup 11 is formed from a piezoelectric element or a microphone, and when struck by a drumstick 12 or the like, this vibration is output from the pickup 11 as an analog signal as shown in FIG. The signal is now input to the extraction circuit 13. This envelope extraction circuit 13 receives an envelope signal (see FIG. 2 (2)) having a predetermined waveform corresponding to the analog signal output from the pickup 11. , for outputting to an analog/digital converter (hereinafter referred to as rA/D converter) 14, and in this embodiment, an operational amplifier that amplifies the analog signal output from the pickup 11 via a capacitor 15.・Amplifier 16 and this operational amplifier 16
A diode 17 is connected to the output side of the diode 17, and a capacitor 18 and a resistor 19 are connected to the diode 17. The other ends of the capacitor 18 and resistor 19 are grounded, and the output of the diode 17 is fed back to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 16. Further, the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 16 is grounded via a resistor 23. The self-discharge time constant of the envelope signal output from each envelope extraction circuit 13 is determined by the capacitance of the capacitor 18 and the resistance value of the resistor 19.

On the other hand, the A/D converter 14 is for converting the envelope signal output from the envelope extraction circuit 13 into a digital signal. Further, the microcomputer 20 controls all operations of this electronic musical instrument, and controls the generation or muting of desired musical tones based on digital signals from the A/D converter 14. . In other words, this microcomputer 2
0 detects whether the level value of the digital signal output from the A/D converter 14 has exceeded a certain value (in this embodiment, the level value "5"), and also detects whether the level value of the digital signal output from the A/D converter 14 has exceeded the certain value. Multiple times (
In this example, as shown in FIG. 2 (4),
Detect the level value of the digital signal over two times), detect the maximum level value among those level values,
While the musical tone is controlled to be generated based on this maximum level value note signal, the level value of the digital signal from the A/D converter 14 is then kept at a constant value (level value "2" in this embodiment) or constant. When the value becomes slightly smaller than the value, after a predetermined period (1) has elapsed from that point (time point ■ in Figure 2 (4)), the key-off command signal from the internal timer 21 is activated. This is for controlling to mute the musical tones that are being generated. This microcomputer 20 is provided with AM) 22, and each level value of the digital signal is input into this random access memory 22, for example, "13", "25", "40".
The writing is performed at each timing ■, ■, ■ in Figure 2 (4).
It is planned to be carried out sequentially. In addition, each level value r stored in this random access memory 22 is
The maximum level value is ``4'' among ``13'', ``25'', and ``40''.
0'' is detected by the action K of the microcomputer 20, and the level value ``40'' is regarded as the strength when the diaphragm 10 is struck, and the musical sound is produced with a volume and tone corresponding to this strength. The musical tone generator 23 generates the musical tone. Further, inside the microcomputer 20, there is a read-only memory (ROM) that permanently stores an arithmetic processing circuit (ALU) 25 for executing various arithmetic processes and a program for controlling the entire device.
)26 etc. are provided.

Then, from the microcomputer 20, the A
/D converter 14 start command signal (A/D 5
TART) to start executing A/D conversion,
Conversely, the A/D converter 14 outputs an end command signal (EAD) indicating that the process of converting the analog signal into a digital signal has been completed, and is applied to the microcomputer 20.

On the other hand, the microcomputer 20 has a program for instructing the microcomputer 20 which of two different musical tones (in this example, an oven high-hat sound and a closed high-hat sound) should be generated. 7
A switch 24 is connected. When the diaphragm 16 is struck while the foot switch 24 is turned on by pressing the foot switch 24, the first musical tone designation data stored in the random access memory 22 and the key-on designation signal are sent out. On the other hand, when the diaphragm 10 is struck while the diaphragm 10 is turned off, the second musical tone designation data and the key-on designation signal stored in the random access memory 22 are sent out. It has become. As shown in FIG. 4, the first musical tone specification data includes a channel number specifying a closed high-hat note.
, 1 (channel code is roIJ) and pitch NO., 15 that specifies a predetermined pitch.
o, 2 (channel code "02J") and a pitch number 20 that specifies a predetermined pitch.

When these first and second musical tone designating data are specified based on the key-on/off signal from the foot switch 24, they are transmitted to the two sets of musical tone generators 27a via the MIDI 0UT line M0.

27b, each first and second musical tone designation data is sent.

Each of the musical tone generating devices 27a and 27b is for individually generating a closed high-hat tone or an open high-hat tone at a predetermined pitch based on the first and second musical tone designation data. It is comprised of a tone generator circuit that digitally processes musical tone signals in accordance with the first and second musical tone designation data, and a D/A converter that converts the digital signals generated by this tone generator circuit into analog signals.

An amplifier circuit 28 and a speaker 29 are provided at the output stage of these musical tone generators 27a, 27b.

Next, the operation of this invention will be explained.

Now, if the diaphragm 10 is hit with a predetermined force by the drumstick 12, the vibration accompanying the hit will be sensed by the pickup 11 attached to the diaphragm 10, for example as shown in FIG. 2 (1). The signal is output from the pickup 11 as a waveform analog signal. This analog signal is input to an envelope extraction circuit 13, and an envelope signal having a waveform as shown in FIG. 2(2) is extracted from this envelope extraction circuit 13. The extracted envelope signal is sent to the A/D converter 14. The envelope signal input to the A/D converter 14 is
Within this A/D converter 14, a microcomputer 20
It is converted into a digital signal at each output timing of an A/D start command signal (see FIG. 2 (3)) which is periodically outputted from a timer 21 provided in the controller. Immediately after the output timing of the A/D start command signal, an end command signal (EAD) is sent from the A/D converter 14 to the microcomputer 20 to notify the end of the analog/digital conversion operation. (See Figure 2 (4)). The digital signal output from the A/D converter 14 is
Processing is performed within the microcomputer 20 according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C. That is, from step S-1, the microcomputer 20
starts processing and reaches step S-2. In step S-2, the process jumps to subroutine M, and as shown in FIG. In step M-1, an A/D start command signal is sent to the A/D converter 14. In the next step M-2, an end command signal (EA
D), and when such a command signal is input, a YES decision is made, and then the process moves to step M-3, where the data of the digital signal is taken into the microcomputer 20. In step M-3, when the data import operation of the digital signal data into the microcomputer 20 is completed, the process returns to the flow shown in FIG. 3A (
Jumpback) In the present case, in step S-3 of the method, it is determined whether the level value of the digital signal taken into the microcomputer 20 is "5" or more, and YES is determined.
In this case, in step S-4, the data (level value r5J) is stored in the random access memory (RAM) 2.
Store in 2. In addition, in the case of NO, step S-
Return to step 2, and then execute step S-3 to determine whether the level value of the digital signal at the timing of the next A/D start command signal is "5" or more, and perform the same processing thereafter. repeat.

In the case of this embodiment, the level value of the digital signal is "13" at the timing shown in (4) in FIG. is memorized. By storing this level value rl 3J in the memory 22, it is determined that the diaphragm 10 has been struck at that point. Next, the process moves to step S-5, and in this step S-5, the process of the subroutine M (M-1 to M-3) described above is performed.
), the timing of the next A/D start command signal (
The envelope signal at the timing (■ in Fig. 2 (4)) is similarly converted into a digital signal, and step S-6
In step S-7, the timing of the next A/D start command signal (FIG. 2 (4) ), the envelope signal is converted into a digital signal, and in the next step S-8, the level value at the timing (2) is stored in the random access memory 22. Next, in step S-9, from the level values of the digital signal at each of the above timings ■, ■, ■ (in this example, the level values "13", "25", and r40J, respectively), the maximum Obtain the level value (r40J in this example). This maximum level value "40" is regarded as the strength when the diaphragm 10 is struck. In the next step 5-10, it is determined whether or not the foot switch 24 is currently being turned on, and if the determination is YES, the data for specifying the first musical tone in the random access memory 22 is specified. Then, in the next step 5-11, this first musical tone specification data (channel code "01", pitch N00r
15J) and the volume designation data corresponding to the maximum level value are sent to one musical tone generating device 27a together with a key-on command (code r40j), and based on this key-on command, a closed-by-butt sound is generated from one musical tone generating device 27a. is emitted based on each of the above data. If it is determined No in step 5-10,
The data for specifying the second musical tone in the random access memory 22 is specified, and in the next step 5-12, the data for specifying the second musical tone is specified.
Musical sound specification data (channel code "02", pitch N
01r20j) and volume designation data corresponding to the maximum level value are sent to the other musical tone generator 27b together with a key-on command (code r40J). Therefore, based on this key-on command, the other musical tone generating device 27b emits an open-no-not sound based on the above-mentioned data.

Closed-by-butt sound or open high-noise sound started in step 5-11 or 5-12
The hit sound is emitted while gradually attenuating until the level value of the digital signal output from the A/D converter 14 reaches "2". That is, in step 5-13, subroutine M is executed, and in the next step 5-14, it is determined whether the level value is "2" or less. If No, the process returns to step 5-13. Then, at timing D in Figure 2 (5), the level value of the digital signal becomes "2".
'', then YES is determined in step 5-14, then in step 5-15 the timer 21 in the microcomputer 20 starts driving, and in the next step 5-16, the timing It is determined whether a predetermined time (tl) has elapsed since D. If it is determined to be YES, the process moves to the next step 5-17, and if it is determined to be No, the process returns to step 5-15. If it is determined to be YES If so, in the next step 5-17, it is determined whether the musical tone currently being emitted is generated based on the ON operation state of the foot switch 24, or whether the musical tone currently being emitted is generated based on the ON operation state of the foot switch 2
It is determined whether this has occurred based on the off operation state in step 4, and if it is determined to be YES, in the next step 5-18,
A key-off signal (code "00") for silencing the closed-by-butt sound generated based on the on-operation state of the foot switch 24 is sent to one musical tone generator 27a, and the closed-by-butt sound is rapidly muted. On the other hand, if the determination is NO, in step 5-19, a key-off signal (code roof) is sent to mute the open-by-butt sound generated based on the off operation of the foot switch 24. is sent to the other musical tone generating device 27b, and the open-by-bat tone starts to rapidly attenuate and mute.

As described above, in this embodiment, each of the on and off operations of the foot switch 24 causes the microcomputer 2
0 to select either the first musical tone designation data or the second musical tone designation data in the random access memory 22 in the microcomputer 20. When the diaphragm 10 is struck, either a corresponding closed-by-butt sound or an open-by-butt sound is emitted from the corresponding musical sound generators 27a and 27b based on the musical sound designation data of the other one. can, therefore,
With a simple configuration (one diaphragm 11 is used), 2
Different types of musical tones can be selectively emitted.

Further, in this embodiment, a closed-by-butt sound is generated when the 7-way switch 24 is depressed (on), and conversely, when the 7-way switch 24 is not depressed (off) , which causes an oven-by-bat sound. Therefore, in the case of the commonly used natural percussion instrument, the bibutt, as in the case of the above embodiment, by pressing the foot pedal,
It is possible to generate a closed-by-butt sound and, conversely, an open-by-butt sound by not pressing the foot pedal, so it is possible to generate a closed-by-butt sound or an open-by-butt sound using the same pressing operation form as a natural musical instrument (cymbals). It becomes possible to generate an open buy bat sound.

Further, in this embodiment, the analog signal from the pickup 11 attached to the diaphragm 10 is first transferred to the A/D converter 1.
After converting it into a digital signal in step 4, the musical tone generator 27
Since musical tones are outputted from the a and 27b, a wide variety of performance tones can be obtained with a simple configuration, unlike the conventional case in which all musical tones are processed in an analog manner.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the musical tone is generated based on the large level value of the digital signal outputted from the A/D converter 14, so that the diaphragm 10 is not struck. Musical tones can be generated based on the maximum impact force at the time of impact, and therefore, musical tones can be generated reliably at all times.

Further, in this embodiment, the timer 21 counts a predetermined time (tl) from the time when the level value of the digital signal outputted from the A/D converter 14 becomes "2" or less, and after that elapsed time, the signal is generated. microcomputer 20
Since the muffling of the musical tone being generated is started based on the key-off command from the However, it is possible to prevent musical sounds from occurring continuously based on such strikes, and therefore it is possible to rapidly attenuate and silence the musical sounds that are currently being generated. can.

In the above embodiment, a musical tone is generated with a volume or timbre corresponding to the maximum level value of the digital signal, but if the level value of the digital signal changes at the sending timing of a certain A/D start command signal. When the level value exceeds a certain value, a musical tone having a volume or tone corresponding to the magnitude of the level value above the certain value may be generated.

Further, in the embodiment, an A/D converter 14 is provided between the envelope extraction circuit 13 and the microcomputer 20, and a digital signal of a certain value or higher or a maximum level value is sent from the A/D converter 14. For example, the configuration is such that the envelope No. 1M from the envelope extraction circuit 13 is directly input to the microcomputer 20, and the constant value from the envelope extraction circuit 13 is input directly to the microcomputer 20. A predetermined musical tone may be generated based on the sending of an envelope signal having a level higher than or equal to the maximum level value.

Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, two types of musical tones are selectively emitted by each on/off operation of the foot switch 24, but instead of the foot switch 24, the on/off operations of a manual switch etc. Different types of musical tones may be selectively emitted.

Further, in the embodiment described above, two types of musical tones are selectively emitted, but one of three or more types of musical tones may be selected and emitted.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above description, the present invention allows a specific one of at least two different musical tones to be selected and emitted by selectively specifying operation of the specifying means. at least 21 by hitting
It is possible to selectively emit a specific one of different musical tones of one class, and therefore it is possible to emit a variety of musical tones with a simple configuration.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, and Figs. 2 (1) and (2) show the waveform of an analog signal from a pickup and the waveform of an envelope signal corresponding to the waveform. FIG. 2 (3) is a timing chart showing the timing of the A/D start command signal from the microcomputer to the A/D converter.
Figure 2 (4) is a timing chart showing the timing of the termination command signal from the A/D converter to the microcomputer, Figure 2 (5) is a timing chart showing the timing of the key-on command and key-off command, and Figure 3A. 3B is a flowchart showing the processing performed by the microcomputer until musical tone is generated from the musical tone generator based on the digital signal from the A/D converter, and FIG.
From the start of A/D conversion in Figures and Figure 3B,
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the contents of a subroutine for importing D-converted data, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents stored in the random access memory in the microcomputer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A diaphragm that is struck during a performance, a vibration detection means that detects vibrations accompanying the striking of this diaphragm, and an envelope extraction means that extracts an envelope signal based on the output from the vibration detection means; musical tone control means for selectively generating at least two different musical tones according to the rise of the envelope signal from the envelope extracting means; An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising: instruction means for instructing which one should be generated.