JP2749561B2 - Rock exploration method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention collects and processes hydraulic data at the time of drilling by a hydraulic rock drill having a damping function on a personal computer via a hydraulic sensor, and particularly deals with the damping pressure data according to the properties of rock. The present invention relates to a rock exploration method for predicting the geology of a drilled section.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating underground cavities such as tunnels, it is extremely important to investigate the properties of rock (geology) in front of the face or around the cavities in order to proceed with excavation. Conventionally, such a method for exploring rock is divided into a direct exploration method using boring and an indirect exploration method using a physical exploration technique.

The direct search method includes, for example, a core boring method in which core boring is performed forward from a face and the geological condition is grasped by observing the collected cores, and a hole wall drilled with a non-core is borehole camera. There are known methods for observing with a computer.

On the other hand, as an indirect search method, for example,
An elastic wave exploration method (TSP method) that measures a reflected wave from a geological change point (plane) in front of a face of an artificial seismic wave generated from a tunnel side wall near a face is known.

[0005]

However, the core ball ring method and the method of observing with a borehole camera, which are the direct exploration methods, need to be carried out by stopping the progress of the face or excavating a side hole. In many cases, the construction period and construction cost are hampered, which hinders the progress of construction. In addition, in the method of observing with a borehole camera, there is a risk that the apparatus may be damaged when applied to long-distance horizontal boring of a borehole camera.

[0006] On the other hand, since the above-mentioned elastic wave exploration method is an indirect exploration method, its exploration accuracy is lower than that of the direct exploration method, and it is easily affected by the properties of the reflection surface and the geological condition of the exploration survey line. . In addition, the geology ahead could only be evaluated relatively, and for example, the degree of the fault crush zone could not be estimated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a rock exploration method capable of quickly and accurately exploring a rock mass without hindering the progress of construction and in a manner more suitable for actual construction. It is intended to provide.

[0008]

In order to attain the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rock exploration method, wherein a rock to be searched is drilled by a hydraulic rock drill, and the rock drill is drilled when the rock drill is drilled. In the, while obtaining the damping pressure to absorb and absorb the impact reaction force from the rock against the impact on the rock, the boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock, the feed pressure of pressing the rock drill into the drilling rock It is characterized in that it is obtained corresponding to an average value, and in the drilling section by the rock drill, the damping pressure of the rock drill is compared with the boundary value to predict the properties of the rock.

When drilling the rock, a rock drill used for actual construction is used, and holes for dynamite installation for blasting on a face during a normal construction cycle and rock bolts for placing on a tunnel side wall are used. When drilling a hole, the dumping pressure and the feed pressure are determined, and at the same time, the impact pressure, the rotation pressure, and the drilling angle of the rock drilling machine are also determined.

In order to obtain the drilling data such as the damping pressure, the feed pressure, the impact pressure, and the rotation pressure as described above, the drilling is performed by using four hydraulic systems of the damping pressure, the feed pressure, the impact pressure, and the rotation pressure. The operation is performed by installing a hydraulic pressure sensor in a hydraulic hose of each hydraulic system and converting each hydraulic pressure data into a voltage signal. In order to determine the drilling angle, an inclinometer is installed on a guide shell of a rock drill, and the drilling angle is determined by a voltage signal from the inclinometer. The voltage signal obtained by converting the hydraulic pressure data and the voltage signal from the inclinometer are stored in a data recorder, and are converted into pressure data and angle data in the data recorder.
These data are stored on a 3.5-inch floppy disk built in the data recorder.

[0011] When predicting the properties of the rock mass by comparing the damping pressure of the rock drill with the boundary value, for example, the properties of the rock mass are classified into three rock masses of CH, CM and CL grades. Perform separately. Here, CL-grade rock indicates a weakly crushed fault, and CH-grade rock indicates a hard, non-crushed rock.
In addition, the CM-grade bedrock is an intermediate layer between the CH-class bedrock and the CL-class bedrock, such as a bedrock in which thin weakly crushed parts are sandwiched or a bedrock that is not subjected to crushing but has a dense joint space. It is a bedrock showing typical characteristics.

When the damping pressure is equal to or lower than the boundary value of the CL class rock, the rock in the perforated section has a property of CL
If the damping pressure is larger than the boundary value of the CL class rock and less than or equal to the boundary value of the CM class rock,
The properties of the rock in the perforated section are predicted to be CM class rock, and if the damping pressure is greater than the boundary value of the CM class rock and is equal to or less than the boundary value of the CH class rock, the property of the rock in the perforated section is CH class. Predict rock mass.

As described above, according to the rock exploration method of the first aspect, the damping pressure at the time of drilling of the rock to be searched is determined, and the boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock is determined by averaging the feed pressure at the time of drilling. Value in accordance with the value, in the drilling section by the rock drill, comparing the damping pressure of the rock drill with the boundary value, to predict the properties of the rock, the dumping pressure is rock drilling Since it corresponds to the impact reaction force per impact on the rock of the machine, the change in rock properties can be detected accurately (sensitively) by using this damping pressure to predict rock properties as described above. can do. In addition, the rock drill used in the construction was used for this prediction, and drilling data for dynamite for blasting and for drilling rock bolts (hydraulic data)
By using the method, the exploration according to the present invention does not affect the construction cycle (impact on the construction period).

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, in obtaining the boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock, a rock whose properties are grasped is drilled in advance. The regression line forming the relationship between the damping pressure and the feed pressure is obtained as the basic data of the damping pressure and the feed pressure, and the rock mass of each property is classified based on the intercept of the regression line and the feed pressure. A value obtained by adding the reference value to a value obtained by multiplying the slope of the regression line by the average feed pressure at the time of drilling of the rock to be searched is obtained as the boundary value. It is characterized by the following.

When predicting rock properties from hydraulic data obtained during construction, hydraulic data (basic data) that clearly shows correspondence with rock properties is required. Therefore, in order to obtain this basic data, a rock was drilled at the face (or side wall) at the time when the excavation work was stopped, at a point where the rock properties were accurately grasped by rock face survey of the face, etc. The dumping pressure and the feed pressure are measured for each rock property. Since the damping pressure and the feed pressure show a high positive correlation, first, a regression line is obtained.

On the other hand, when utilizing the dumping pressure of a rock drill for predicting rock properties, it is necessary to take into account the difference in feed pressure during drilling. Therefore, from the relationship between the intercept of the regression line and the feed pressure, an intercept value that divides the rock of each property is determined, and this is used as a reference value. When determining this reference value, for example, when the data is small, a method using the maximum intercept value as the reference value, or when the data is large,
There is a method in which an optimum intercept value is obtained by a statistical method and this value is used as a reference value. These reference values are values indicating the boundary between the distribution area of the rock property (rock class) to be identified and the distribution area of other rock rock classes.

Next, the present invention predicts the properties of the rock mass by comparing the damping pressure of the rock drilling machine with the boundary value. Convert to boundary values. This boundary value can be obtained by adding the reference value to a value obtained by multiplying the average feed pressure during drilling by the slope of the regression line. In the rock exploration method according to the second aspect, in the drilling section by the rock drill, the damping pressure of the rock drill is compared with the boundary value obtained as described above, and the properties of the rock are determined. Since the prediction is performed, the properties of the bedrock can be predicted accurately.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rock exploration method according to the first or second aspect, each predicted property section of the rock is defined as:
It is characterized in that it is described in at least one of a plan view and a cross-sectional view including a perforated bedrock.

According to the rock exploration method of the third aspect, the distribution of the rock properties can be visually grasped by describing each predicted rock property section in a plan view or a sectional view of the rock. In addition, by describing in a plan view and a sectional view, it is possible to predict a three-dimensional distribution of rock properties.

[0020]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rock exploration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an example of a system for implementing a rock exploration method according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a drilling hydraulic data in a heavy equipment (wheel jumbo) equipped with a rock drill in a tunnel pit. Measurement system A that measures and records
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an analysis system B for processing and analyzing data obtained by the measurement system A on a personal computer in a site office.

As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring system A has four hydraulic systems of a rock drilling machine: a striking pressure, a rotating pressure, a feed pressure and a damping pressure. Are provided with hydraulic sensors 3. These hydraulic sensors 3 are connected to a data recorder 4, and the hydraulic data of each hydraulic system is converted into a voltage signal and stored in the data recorder 4. Among the hydraulic sensors 3, the hydraulic sensors 3 for measuring the damping pressure, the rotational pressure and the impact pressure are respectively rock drills 5a.
Are connected via a hydraulic hose 2 to the feed cylinder 5b for pushing out the rock drill 5a.

An inclinometer 6 is connected to the data recorder 4, and the inclinometer 6 is installed on a guide shell 7 of a rock drill. The inclinometer 6 is for measuring the perforation angle, and the voltage signal from the inclinometer 6 is also stored in the data recorder 4. The data of the voltage signals from the oil pressure sensors 3... And the inclinometer 6 are stored in a 3.5-inch floppy disk FD built in the data recorder 4, and the data of the voltage signals are stored in the data recorder 4. It is converted into data and angle data.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are a side view and a plan view, respectively, showing a wheel jumbo 9 on which the rock drill 5a is mounted. The wheel jumbo 9 has the hydraulic sensors 3. A pressure sensor box 10 for housing is installed, and an inclinometer box 11 for housing the inclinometer 6 is installed on the guide shell 7 for confirming a position of a perforation for rock bolt driving. A control box 12 containing the data recorder 4 and the AC / AD converter is provided on the side of the pressure sensor box 10.

Next, the measuring procedure by the measuring system A will be described with reference to FIG. In this measurement, each of the impact pressure, the rotation pressure, the feed pressure, and the damping pressure is measured as drilling oil pressure data. First, a file name of the drilling oil pressure data is designated (step S1), then, an interval of data sampling is set (step S2), and further, ON / OFF trigger conditions for measurement and recording of the drilling oil pressure data are set (step S1). S3).

Next, drilling is started after waiting for measurement (step S4) (step S5).
If the ON trigger condition is satisfied in step 6, the drilling oil pressure data is measured and recorded (step S7), and then the drilling is terminated (step S8). On the other hand, step S6
If the ON trigger condition is not satisfied, the flow shifts to the measurement waiting state (step S9), and steps S6 and S9 are sequentially repeated until the ON trigger condition is satisfied.

Next, in step S8, the boring is completed.
If the OFF trigger condition is satisfied in step S10,
The measurement and recording are completed (step S11). On the other hand, if the OFF trigger condition is not satisfied in step S10, the state shifts to the measurement and recording continuation state (step S10).
12) Until the OFF trigger condition is satisfied, step S1
0 and step S12 are sequentially repeated.

Next, in step S13, it is determined whether or not another hole is to be measured. If another hole is not to be measured, the measurement is terminated. On the other hand, in step S13,
If another hole is to be measured, the process proceeds to step S14, the file name is changed in step S14, the process proceeds to step S4, and the process proceeds to steps S5 to S13 in the same manner as described above. Go by.
The perforation angle is measured by the inclinometer 6 in the same manner as described above.

The drilling oil pressure data and the inclination angle data obtained as described above are stored in the floppy disk FD in the measurement system A and processed by the analysis system B shown in FIG. The analysis system B includes a personal computer (personal computer) 20, a printer, an XY
The drilling pressure data and the inclination angle data stored in the floppy disk FD are displayed and printed as a data sheet for each drilling unit. The data sheet contains a list of drilling oil pressure data (dumping pressure, rotation pressure, impact pressure, feed pressure) and inclination angle data for each measurement interval (sample time) in each drilling, and the amount of change in each hydraulic pressure data for each measurement time. Is shown. In this example, when the drilling data such as the drilling oil pressure data and the inclination angle data obtained by the measurement system A are analyzed by the analysis system B, the data transfer between the two systems is performed using the floppy disk FD. Alternatively, if data is transferred between the two systems using wireless, analysis can be performed in real time.

When predicting rock properties from drilling oil pressure data obtained by the above-described construction (drilling), hydraulic data (basic data) that clearly corresponds to rock properties is required. Therefore, in order to obtain this basic data, at the point where the rock properties are accurately grasped by rock survey of the face, etc., the face (or side wall) should be cut off during excavation work so as not to affect the construction cycle. The rock is drilled, and the dumping pressure and feed pressure at that time are measured for each rock property. Then, in the present invention, the boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock is determined in accordance with the average value of the feed pressure pressing the rock drill into the drilling rock, and in the drilling section by the rock drill, The damping pressure of the rock drill is compared with the boundary value to predict the properties of the rock.

The procedure for predicting such rock properties will be described with reference to FIG. First, as properties of each rock, the properties are divided into three rock grades of CH, CM and CL grades, and basic data for each rock grade is collected (step S1). The basic data is collected in the same procedure as the procedure shown in FIG. Note that the CL-grade rock indicates a weakly crushed fault, and the CH-grade rock indicates a hard, non-crushed rock. In addition, the CM-grade bedrock is an intermediate layer between the CH-class bedrock and the CL-class bedrock, such as a bedrock in which thin weakly crushed parts are sandwiched or a bedrock that is not subjected to crushing but has a dense joint space. It is a bedrock showing typical characteristics.

Next, regression analysis of the rock classes identified from the relationship diagram between the feed pressure and the damping pressure in the rock mass of each rock class is performed (step S2). That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the collected basic data (dumping pressure, feed pressure) is plotted with the vertical axis representing the damping pressure and the horizontal axis representing the feed pressure, and the regression line K is determined from these relationships. . This regression line K is given by D = aF + c. D is the damping pressure, F is the feed pressure, a is the slope of the regression line K,
c is the intercept of the regression line K.

On the other hand, when the dumping pressure of a rock drill is used for predicting rock properties, it is necessary to take into account the difference in feed pressure during drilling. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The maximum intercept value is determined from the relationship between the intercept c (D-aF) and the feed pressure F, and is set as a reference value S (step S3). The reference value S is a value indicating a boundary between the distribution area of the rock mass class to be identified and the distribution area of another rock mass class.

For example, when the boundaries of the distribution zones of the different rock classes are set, and the slopes of the regression lines of the different rock classes are equal, as shown in FIG.
Is D = aF + c1, and the regression line K2 is D = aF + c2
Becomes Then, the intercept c1, of the regression lines K1, K2
From the relationship between c2 and the feed pressure F, as shown in FIG. 10, the respective maximum intercept values are obtained, these are set as reference values S1 and S2, and the area K2 indicating the rock classification 2 is defined as S2 ≧
K2> S1, and the area K1 indicating the rock classification 1 is
Let K1 ≦ S1.

On the other hand, when the slopes of the regression lines of different rock classes are different, as shown in FIG.
F + c2, and the regression line K3 is D = bF + c3. At this time, since the slopes of the regression lines K2 and K3 are different from each other, the intercept regions indicating both rock classes cannot be shown at once as shown in FIG. Therefore, in such a case, the rock class to be preferentially identified is selected, and the slope of the regression line of the selected rock class is used for calculating the reference value. For example, when it is desired to identify the rock mass of section 3, as shown in FIG. 12, the vertical axis is taken as the intercept (D-bF) of the regression line K3, and the relationship between the intercept c3 of the regression line K3 and the feed pressure F is taken. , The maximum intercept value is obtained, and this is set as a reference value S3, and the area K3 indicating the rock classification 3 is set as K3 ≦ S3.

After setting the reference values S for classifying each rock class as described above, as shown in FIG. 6, a construction data file is selected (step S4), and the reference values are dumped. It is converted into a rock-grade boundary value DB corresponding to the pressure (step S5). This boundary value DB can be obtained by adding the reference value S to a value obtained by multiplying the average feed pressure Fx at the time of drilling by the slope a of the regression line. That is, DB = aFx + S.

After the boundary value DB is obtained as described above, the geology (rock mass) of the drilled section is predicted by superimposing the boundary value DB and the damping pressure of the construction data (step S6). . For example, as shown in FIG. 13, a straight line of the boundary value DB is drawn on a graph showing the amount of change in the damping pressure at the time of drilling at every measurement time, and the boundary value D is drawn.
A section below B is defined as a section to be identified (for example, a CL class rock section) L.

Then, such identification work is performed at the time of drilling work in each construction cycle, and the identified rock section is plotted on a tunnel plan view or a sectional view (step S).
7). This is, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, by converting the measurement time of the damping pressure into the drilling depth, this depth position,
This can be performed by associating the identified section (for example, a CL-grade rock section) L and plotting them in the plan view or the cross-sectional view, and furthermore, drilling by connecting these plotted points. The rock class between holes can be predicted. Therefore, rock properties (rock grade)
Can be visually grasped, and the three-dimensional distribution of the rock class to be identified can be predicted.
If an oil meter is installed on the feed cylinder of the rock drilling machine, it is possible to manage the display of changes in hydraulic data for each measurement time by changing the display of changes in hydraulic data for each drilling depth. It is advantageous in operation.

If the above prediction has been performed, it is determined in step S8 whether or not the geological prediction is to be performed on other drilling data.
End prediction. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S8 that the geology is to be predicted for other drilling data, the process proceeds to step S4, and further proceeds to steps S5 to S7 in the same manner as described above.

FIG. 14 is a diagram in which the geological predictions made as described above are plotted in a tunnel plan view and compared with rock masses that have actually appeared. The geological prediction was made using drilling data at the time of placing a rock bolt on the left side wall. And, as described above, the position of the shatter zone is predicted by comparing the damping pressure data of the rock drill at the time of construction with the boundary value of the weak shredding zone, and weakening the section where the damping pressure is less than or equal to the boundary value in each drilling. It was regarded as crush zone CL. As is clear from FIG. 14, the width of the exploration section is about 20 cm.
Although three layers of weak crush zones CLJ with a poor degree of continuity appeared, the appearance position of any of the crush zones could be predicted relatively accurately by exploration. FIG.
In No. 4, the exploration range is about 3 to 4 meters because the construction data in the rock bolt driving hole is used, but if the drilling rod of the rock drill is added, it can be extended up to about 20 meters forward. Long interval exploration can be performed.

[0040]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention,
The rock exploration method of the above, while determining the damping pressure at the time of drilling, the boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock is determined corresponding to the average value of the feed pressure, in the drilling section, the dumping pressure and the boundary value and Is compared to predict the properties of the rock, the properties of the rock such as in front of the face can be quickly and accurately predicted from the actual construction data (dumping pressure, feed pressure),
The impact on the construction cycle, which is a drawback of direct search methods such as advance drilling, is eliminated, and the progress of construction is not hindered. In addition, if the existence of large-scale faults is evident from the geological information on the ground surface and it is necessary to estimate the detailed , A long section exploration up to about 20 meters ahead can be spotted.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, when the boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock is determined, the damping pressure and the feed pressure of the rock whose properties are grasped in advance are determined. To obtain a regression line that forms a relationship between the damping pressure and the feed pressure, and from the relationship between the intercept of the regression line and the feed pressure, obtain an intercept value that divides the rock of each property and obtains the value. Is used as a reference value, and a value obtained by adding the reference value to a value obtained by multiplying the slope of the regression line by the average feed pressure at the time of drilling the rock to be searched is used as the boundary value, so that the properties of the rock can be accurately predicted. can do.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the rock exploration method according to the first or second aspect, each of the predicted property sections of the rock is defined as:
Since it is described in at least one of a plan view and a cross-sectional view including a perforated bedrock, it is possible to visually grasp the distribution of bedrock properties and to predict the three-dimensional distribution of bedrock properties. Become.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a system for implementing a rock exploration method according to the present invention, which measures drilling hydraulic data and the like;
It is a block diagram of the measurement system which records.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an analysis system that processes and analyzes data obtained by the measurement system.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a wheel jumbo equipped with a rock drill for carrying out the rock exploration method according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a measurement procedure by the measurement system shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a procedure of a rock exploration method according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph for explaining a rock exploration method according to the present invention, and is a graph showing a relationship between a damping pressure and a feed pressure.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the intercept of the regression line and the feed pressure.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the damping pressure and the feed pressure when the slopes of the regression lines are equal.

FIG. 10 shows the case where the slopes of the regression lines are equal.
It is a graph which shows the relationship between the intercept of a regression line and feed pressure.

FIG. 11 shows a case where the slopes of the regression lines are different.
It is a graph which shows the relationship between damping pressure and feed pressure.

FIG. 12 shows the case where the slope of the regression line is different.
It is a graph which shows the relationship between the intercept of a regression line and feed pressure.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the amount of change in the damping pressure for each measurement time.

FIG. 14 is a diagram in which geological predictions are plotted on the tunnel plan view and compared with rock mass that has actually appeared.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A measurement system B analysis system 3 oil pressure sensor 5a rock drill K1 to K3 regression line S reference value DB boundary value

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-9-287379 (JP, A) JP-A-7-259469 (JP, A) JP-A-7-18969 (JP, A) JP-A 62-1987 156495 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21C 39/00 E21C 5/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A rock mass to be searched is drilled by a hydraulic rock drill, and a damping pressure for receiving and absorbing a reaction force from the rock against the impact on the rock when the rock drill is drilled is obtained. The boundary value of the damping pressure corresponding to each property of rock
Determined in accordance with the average value of the feed pressure pressing the rock drilling machine against the rock drilling, In the drilling section by the rock drilling machine, comparing the damping pressure of the rock drilling machine and the boundary value, the properties of the rock rock A rock exploration method characterized by prediction. 2. The rock mass exploration method according to claim 1, wherein, when a boundary value of a damping pressure corresponding to each property of the rock mass is obtained, a rock mass whose rock mass properties are grasped in advance is drilled. The damping pressure and the feed pressure are obtained, and a regression line that forms a relationship between the damping pressure and the feed pressure is obtained.
From the relationship between the intercept of the regression line and the feed pressure, an intercept value for classifying the rock of each property is obtained and the value is set as a reference value.The regression line is applied to the average feed pressure at the time of drilling the rock to be searched. A value obtained by adding the reference value to a value obtained by multiplying the slope of the slope by the slope as the boundary value. 3. The rock exploration method according to claim 1, wherein each of the predicted sections of the rock properties is described in at least one of a plan view and a sectional view including the perforated rock. And rock mass exploration method.