JP2743251B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring dimensions of circular object - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the size of a circular object. More specifically, the present invention relates to a dimension measuring method and a dimension measuring device for a circular object capable of measuring at least a radius even when a measurement location is limited.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, a wheel used in a railway vehicle changes its shape while the vehicle is in use due to abrasion with a rail during running and abrasion with a brake shoe, and the shape of the wheel changes. No longer. As a result, the vehicle is caused to vibrate during traveling, and the ride quality is degraded. In order to avoid this, the wheel is cut by a wheel lathe after traveling a predetermined distance, and is restored to a circular shape. At this time, the diameter of the wheel is measured for calculating the cutting amount and confirming the cutting amount. Conventionally, this measurement is performed manually using a special gauge.

However, in order to measure the diameter of the wheels manually, the vehicle must be stopped on an inspection pit, and an operator must go into the inspection pit to perform the measurement. Since four pairs of wheels are mounted on each of the vehicles, a large amount of time is required for measurement. Further, depending on the vehicle, there is also a case where measurement by the gauge cannot be performed.

[0004] In view of the problem of the method of measuring the dimensions of a wheel using such a gauge, various proposals have conventionally been made. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-46881 discloses a pair of an inner distance detector for detecting the inner distance between a pair of wheels by applying a pair of contacts to the inside of wheels on both sides running on a rail on a track of an inspection zone. A flange thickness detector that detects the flange thickness of the wheel by applying a contact penetrating the rail to the outer surface of the flange, and detects the flange height of the wheel by applying the contact to the outer peripheral surface of the flange at the position inside the rail Provide a flange height detector and bearings at both ends of the inner beam extending along the rail, in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the wheel flange, measure the height of the outer peripheral surface of the wheel flange at the center position with a contact, and calculate the flange And a flange diameter detector for determining the diameter of the vehicle, and an arithmetic processing unit for processing and displaying the detected value is connected to each of these detectors. Constant apparatus has been proposed. Or,
A method has been proposed in which a measuring roller is pressed against a wheel, the outer circumference of the wheel is measured from the amount of rotation, and the diameter is measured from the value.

However, since these are all of the contact type, there is a problem that the dimensions cannot be measured during cutting.

[0006] Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-501785 discloses a track reference detecting device for the wheel contour of a passing railway wheel. A) Distances from one or more stationary points to a plurality of reflection points on the wheel. With one or more distance measuring devices, which measure along an electromagnetic wave by a fixed measuring reference line for one or more wheel axles, b) pass on rails during the whole measurement A measurement area on the track, comprising: a further distance measuring device for measuring the direct position of the wheel in the lateral direction; and c) a data processing device for collecting, converting, correcting and storing the measured and stored data. A trajectory reference detection device for the wheel profile of a railway wheel passing when passing through a road has been proposed.

[0007] However, since the track contour trajectory detecting device according to this proposal is designed to measure the wheel contour of a running railway vehicle, it is necessary to measure the wheel contour of a stationary vehicle. There is a problem that it cannot be applied as a device for measuring a diameter.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and provides a dimension measuring method and a dimension measuring apparatus for measuring at least a radius of a circular object such as a wheel by non-contact. It is intended to be.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for measuring the size of a circular object according to the present invention comprises three measuring units arranged on the same arc at equal angular intervals so as to face the center of the arc. A method of measuring at least the radius of a circular object arranged with its arc portion facing the arc using a non-contact distance measuring means, wherein the measuring section measures the distance to the arc surface. And comparing the measured values of the outermost ones of the measuring units, moving the respective measuring units while maintaining their relative positional relationship until the difference disappears, and measuring the centrally located measurement unit. Comparing the measured values of the unit and the measured values of the outer measuring unit, and moving the measuring units while maintaining their relative positional relationship until the difference disappears, and a measuring unit is provided. Difference between the radius of curvature of the arc and the measured value And it is characterized in that it comprises a procedure for determining the radius of the circular object by obtaining.

In the method of measuring the size of a circular object according to the present invention, it is preferable to measure the dimensions of the circular object at a plurality of locations while changing the measurement location of the circular object, and calculate the radius of the circular object based on the average value. It is also preferable that a procedure for calculating the diameter and / or the center position of the object is added.

Here, the above movement is, for example, a rotational movement, and the above movement is, for example, a vertical movement. The non-contact distance measuring means is, for example, a laser displacement meter.

On the other hand, a circular object dimension measuring apparatus according to the present invention comprises a holding member having an arc surface, and three holding members arranged at equal angular intervals on the arc surface of the holding member so as to face the center of curvature thereof. A non-contact distance measuring unit having a measuring unit, a driving unit for rotating and lifting the holding unit, and an arithmetic processing unit for processing the measurement result and controlling the driving unit. Features.

In the apparatus for measuring the size of a circular object according to the present invention, a circular object rotating means for rotating the circular object is preferably added.

Here, the non-contact distance measuring means is, for example, a laser displacement meter. Further, the arc surface of the holding member is, for example, a concave surface or a convex surface.

[0015]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, at least the radius of a circular object can be measured in a non-contact manner even when only a part is exposed. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention in which a circular object is rotated and measured at a plurality of locations and the radius is calculated based on the average value, the accuracy is improved. Thus, the diameter is easily calculated using this radius.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, but the present invention is not limited to only such embodiments.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a dimension measuring device used in the method for measuring the size of a circular object according to the present invention. The dimension measuring device is a non-contact type distance measuring means (distance measuring device).
1, a holding member 2 holding the measuring section 11 of the distance measuring means 1, a driving means (driving device) 3 for rotating and moving the holding member 2, a circular object rotating means (rotating device) 4, And an arithmetic processing means (arithmetic processing device) 5 for processing the measurement result from the distance measuring means 1, controlling the driving means 3 and controlling the circular object rotating means 4.

As the non-contact distance measuring means 1, for example, a laser displacement meter comprising a measuring section 11 and a measuring instrument 12 is used. Measuring unit 11 of the laser displacement meter 1, as shown in FIG. 3, at equal angular intervals on the upper surface 21 that is an arc of the holding member 2 together are three, buried allowed to face the center of curvature O _R Have been. This angle is appropriately selected according to the size of the circular object 6 to be measured, and is not particularly limited. If the lifting mechanism 32 is placed at the center of the measuring units 11 at both ends, the measuring units 11 need not be at equal intervals. Usually, the arrangement angle of the measuring unit 11 is practically about 30 to 45 degrees, but may be 10 degrees or less depending on the accuracy of the laser displacement meter 1.

As described above, the holding member 2 only needs to be of a type that can hold the measuring part 11 of the non-contact distance measuring means 1 so as to be embedded in an arc. Further, a bonding portion 23 is provided on the lower surface 22. A rotation shaft 31a of a rotation mechanism 31 of the driving means 3 for rotating the holding member 2 is mounted on the joint 23. The radius of curvature R of the arc formed on the upper surface 21 of the holding member 2 is preferably slightly larger than the radius r of the circular object 6 to be measured. When the circular object 6 is a cylindrical body and its inner diameter is measured, the arc is made convex and the radius of curvature is made smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical body.

The driving means 3 is configured such that the rotating shaft 31a is
A rotating mechanism 31 mounted on the joint 23 provided on the lower surface 22 of the slab, and an elevating mechanism 32 for moving the rotating mechanism 31 up and down. The rotation mechanism 31 is, for example, a pulse motor. The elevating mechanism 32 is, for example, by screwing a ball screw 34 into a female screw body 33 holding the pulse motor 31 by appropriate means.
4 is rotated by a servomotor 35.

The circular object rotating means 4 supports both ends 6a and 6b of the circular object 6 by using two pairs of a driving roller 41 and a driven roller 42, for example. The circular object rotating means 4 is also controlled by the arithmetic processing means 5.

The arithmetic processing means 5 calculates the amount of operation of the driving means 3 and the amount of operation of the circular object rotating means 4 based on the measurement result from the non-contact distance measuring means 1, and calculates the diameter of the circular object 6 Is calculated. Specifically, for example, it is configured by storing a program corresponding to a workstation.

Next, the dimension measurement by the dimension measuring apparatus M configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. The measuring unit 11 of the distance measuring means 1
Assume that the first measuring unit 11A, the second measuring unit 11B, and the third measuring unit 11C are arranged in this order from the left side of the drawing.

The distances L ₁ , L ₂ , and L ₃ to the surface of the circular object 6 are measured by each of the first measuring unit 11A, the second measuring unit 11B, and the third measuring unit 11C.

When L ₁ and L ₃ are not equal, the operation amount of the rotation mechanism 31 of the driving means 3 is calculated by the arithmetic processing means 5 and the rotation mechanism 31 is operated based on the operation amount to make them equal. For example, if L ₁ is the L ₃ is less than, L ₁ slightly larger L ₁ by rotation 'next, L ₃ slightly by rotating small L _3' becomes. Alternatively, the two are made equal by operating the rotation mechanism 31 sequentially. Thereby, the second measuring portion 11B is positioned directly below the center O _r of the circular object 6 (see FIG. 3).

When L ₁ ′ is not equal to L ₂ , the operation amount of the raising / lowering mechanism 32 of the driving means 3 is calculated by the arithmetic processing means 5, and the lifting / lowering mechanism 32 is operated based on the operation amount.
₂ is slightly changed so that both are equal as L ₂ ′. Thus, the upper surface of the center O _r and the holding member 2 of a circular object 6 21
So that the center of curvature O _R of the arc of the match (see FIG. 4). Here, it is only necessary to incline in the direction in which the two are equal according to the magnitude discrimination of L ₁ and L ₃ , or to perform approach / retreat so that the distance between L ₁ and L ₂ is equal, and omit the numerical calculation in the middle Can also.

In the arithmetic processing means 5, the arc surface and the circular member 6 are determined from the radius of curvature R of the arc on the upper surface 21 of the holding member 2.
The radius r of the circular object 6 is obtained by subtracting the distance L ₂ ′ from the outer surface of the circular object 6, and the radius r is doubled to calculate the diameter of the circular object 2. Next, the center _Or position of the circular object 6 is calculated as desired. This is because the center of curvature O of the arc surface of the holding member 2 is
Since the center O _{r R} and the circular object are matched, it is easily calculated.

The circular object rotating means 4 rotates the circular object 6 by a predetermined angle.

The measurement of the size and the rotation of the circular object 6 are repeated a predetermined number of times, and the average value of the diameter of the circular object 6 is calculated.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the radius or diameter of a circular object can be measured without contact. In addition, since the radius or the diameter is obtained from the average value by measuring at a plurality of positions of the circular object, the radius or the diameter can be calculated with high accuracy. Further, when the center position of the circular object is required, it can be calculated.

Although the present invention has been described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to only the embodiments, and various modifications are possible. For example, when finding the diameter simply and quickly, without rotating the circular object,
The diameter may be obtained by only one measurement.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, an excellent effect that the radius, diameter or inner diameter of a circular object can be measured without contact is obtained. Therefore, if the present invention is applied to a wheel lathe, the diameter of the wheel can be measured even during the correction processing of the wheel, and an excellent effect of not impairing the working efficiency can be obtained. Further, since the diameter can be calculated from a part of the circular object, an excellent effect that the diameter can be measured even when most of the circular object is covered can be obtained. Since many wheels used in railway vehicles are covered with a hood or the like, the present invention can be suitably applied to the measurement of wheel dimensions in a wheel lathe from this point as well. Further, there is an effect that the center position of the circular object can be measured at the same time when the dimension is measured. For this reason, if the present invention is applied to a wheel lathe, there is also obtained an effect that the position of a cutting tool or the like can be easily adjusted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a measuring device used in a measuring method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement device.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the measuring method of the present invention, showing a state where the second measuring unit is located directly below the center of the circular object.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the measuring method of the present invention, showing a state in which the center of curvature of the upper surface of the holding member and the center of the circular object are matched.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Non-contact distance measuring means (measuring device), laser displacement meter 11 Measuring part 12 Measuring device 2 Holding means 21 Upper surface 22 Lower surface 23 Joining part 3 Driving means (driving device) 31 Rotating mechanism 32 Elevating mechanism 4 Circular object rotating means ( Circular object rotating device) 41 drive roller 42 driven roller 5 arithmetic processing means (arithmetic processing device) 6 circular object M dimension measuring device

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A non-contact type distance measuring means having three measuring portions disposed at equal angular intervals on the same circular arc so as to face the center of the circular arc. A method of measuring at least the radius of a circular object that is disposed facing the surface, a procedure of measuring a distance to an arc surface by each of the measurement units, and a measurement value of an outer one of the measurement units And moving the measuring units while maintaining their relative positional relationship until the difference disappears, and comparing the measured value of the centrally located measuring unit with the measured value of the outer measuring unit. And moving the respective measuring units while maintaining their relative positional relationship until the difference disappears, and obtaining a difference between the radius of curvature of an arc provided with the measuring unit and the measured value. To find the radius of a circular object by Dimension measuring method of a circular object, characterized by comprising Nde. 2. The method for measuring the size of a circular object according to claim 1, wherein the measurement of the size of the circular object is performed by changing the measurement position of the circular object, and the radius of the circular object is calculated based on the average value. 3. The method for measuring the size of a circular object according to claim 1, further comprising a step of calculating a diameter and / or a center position of the circular object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the movement is a rotational movement, and the movement is a vertical movement. 5. The non-contact distance measuring means is a laser displacement meter.
The method for measuring the dimensions of the circular object described. 6. A non-contact distance measuring means comprising: a holding member having an arc surface; and three measuring portions arranged at equal angular intervals on the arc surface of the holding member with the center of curvature thereof facing the arc member. Driving means for rotating and lifting the holding means,
An apparatus for measuring the size of a circular object, comprising: an arithmetic processing unit that processes the measurement result and controls the driving unit. 7. An apparatus for measuring the size of a circular object according to claim 6, further comprising a circular object rotating means for rotating the circular object. 8. The apparatus for measuring the size of a circular object according to claim 6, wherein said non-contact distance measuring means is a laser displacement meter. 9. The dimension measuring device according to claim 6, wherein an arc surface of the holding member is concave. 10. The dimension measuring device according to claim 6, wherein an arc surface of the holding member is formed as a convex surface.