JP3696715B2 - Running rail inspection method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

となる。
【００２２】
したがって上記のように、左右の水平ローラ２それぞれについて、台車１との幅方向相対変位量（ａ₀ −ａ₁ ）および（ｂ₀ −ｂ₁ ）を計測し、かつ台車１とレールＲとの幅方向相対変位量（ｃ₀ −ｃ₁ ）を計測することで、上記（１）式および（２）式より、左側メタルフローΔＷ_L および右側メタルフローΔＷ_R を求めることができる。
【００２３】
なお本発明法において、幅変位検出器としては、上記水平リニアゲージ３のほか、ラック・ピニオンとロータリーエンコーダの組合せ、すなわち水平軸１７にラックを連結し、水平ローラ２にピニオンを連結して噛合せ、水平ローラ２の移動に伴うピニオンの回転をロータリーエンコーダで検出する機構を採用することもできる。また差動トランスを用いる機構等を採用することもできる。さらに、水平ローラ２としては、クレーン走行面に平行な円弧状に動作するローラ機構を採用してもよい。
【００２４】
つぎに摩耗の自動測定について説明する。図１の例のように、台車１に超音波プローブ７をレールＲの上面に接触するように取り付け、底面反射エコーを利用してレールＲの高さｈ₁ を計測し、基準高さｈ₀ との差から、摩耗ΔＨ₀ ＝ｈ₀ −ｈ₁ を自動測定する。超音波プローブ７は、回転倣い機構８および押付具９により走行中レールＲの上面に接触するようになっている。
【００２５】
また、必要に応じて左側摩耗ΔＨ_L および右側摩耗ΔＨ_R をそれぞれ自動測定することもできる。その場合、台車１に、図１のように走行レールＲ上を自在に回転する１対の垂直ローラ５を、それぞれ高さ変位検出器を介して連結する。本例では高さ変位検出器として垂直リニアゲージ６を採用している。そして図５の例のように、水平軸１８に２個の垂直リニアゲージ６を設け、それぞれに垂直ローラ５を連結しており、この水平軸１８を台車１に固設している。
なお本発明法において、高さ変位検出器としては、上記幅変位検出器と同様、垂直リニアゲージ６のほか、ラック・ピニオンとロータリーエンコーダの組合せや差動トランスを用いる機構等を採用することができる。
【００２６】
台車１を走行させると、摩耗によるレールＲの高さ変動に伴って、図５（ａ）の矢印で示すように、左右の垂直ローラ５はそれぞれ独立して、台車１に対しレールＲの高さ方向に移動する。本発明法では、左右の垂直ローラそれぞれについて、台車１との高さ方向相対変位量を垂直リニアゲージ６により計測する。
【００２７】
図５の例では水平軸１８に任意の基準点Ｄを想定し、左側の垂直ローラ５については基準点Ｄとの間隔ｆ、右側の垂直ローラ５については基準点Ｄとの間隔ｇを示している。図５（ａ）のように、摩耗のない基準状態でのｆ₀ ，ｇ₀ が、図５（ｂ）のように、摩耗の発生した状態でｆ₁ ，ｇ₁ になった場合、ｆ₀ −ｆ₁ が左側垂直ローラ５と台車との高さ方向相対変位量、ｇ₀ −ｇ₁ が右側垂直ローラ５と台車との高さ方向相対変位量である。
【００２８】
ところで、レールＲ頭部の摩耗により、台車１はレールＲに対して下方に相対移動する。図５は、水平軸１８が、摩耗のない状態（ａ）から摩耗状態（ｂ）へとΔＨ₀ だけ移動する例を示している。ΔＨ₀ はレールＲの高さｈの変化量に相当するので、本発明法では上面に接触させた超音波プローブ７により、レールＲの高さｈ₀ およびｈ₁ を計測する。
【００２９】
図５において、垂直ローラ５の半径をｓとすると、

となる。
【００３０】
したがって上記のように、左右の垂直ローラ５それぞれについて、台車１との高さ方向相対変位量（ｆ₀ −ｆ₁ ）および（ｇ₀ −ｇ₁ ）を垂直リニアゲージ６により計測し、かつレールＲの高さ変化（ｈ₀ −ｈ₁ ）を超音波プローブ７による底面反射エコーを利用して計測することで、上記（３）式および（４）式より、垂直ローラ５が接する位置での左側摩耗ΔＨ_L および右側摩耗ΔＨ_R を求めることができる。
【００３１】
本発明法はまた、この超音波プローブ７により走行レールの亀裂を探傷することもできる。この場合も、直線状および曲線状の走行レールを対象とする。クレーンの走行レールには、クレーン自体と吊荷の荷重による繰返し応力が加わるため、特にレール連結部の孔周囲に金属疲労が発生し、ウェブ側面やウェブと頭部の境界に向って亀裂が進展することが多い。またトーピードカーの走行レールにも、大重量の溶銑を積載したトーピードカーによる繰返し応力で同様の亀裂が発生することが多い。
このような走行レールについて、超音波プローブ７により、上記レールＲの底面反射エコーに加え、欠陥反射エコーを検知することで、亀裂の有無を判定しその位置を計測する。
【００３２】
本発明法はさらに、図１の例に示すように、走行レールＲの起点に設けたレーザ投光器１５からのレーザビームを、台車１上に設けたレーザセンサ１６で受け、該センサ１６におけるビームスポットの位置を検知することで、走行レールＲの蛇行、勾配、スパンおよび左右高低差のいずれか１種または２種以上を測定することもできる。この場合は、直線状に敷設された走行レールを対象とする。
【００３３】
ここで、蛇行は走行レールＲが文字通り左右に波状にうねる現象で、レールＲ１本毎に、基準線に対する幅方向のずれ量を計測する。勾配は、レールＲが上下に傾斜したときの長さ方向所定間隔の高低差であり、レールＲ１本毎に、基準線に対する高さ方向のずれ量を計測して演算により求める。
【００３４】
スパンは左右のレールＲの間隔であり、基準間隔との差を測定する。具体的には、左右２本のレールＲのそれぞれについて、基準線に対する幅方向のずれ量を計測し、両レールの計測値から演算により求める。左右高低差は左右のレールＲの高低差であり、両レールの同一直交線上での高さの差で表す。具体的には、左右２本のレールＲのそれぞれについて、基準線に対する高さ方向のずれ量を計測し、両レールの計測値から演算により求める。
【００３５】
レーザ投光器１５からのレーザビームは、台車１上のレーザセンサ１６の面内に照射されてビームスポットとなるが、台車１が投光器１５から離れるにしたがってビームが広がるので、センサ１６面上のビームスポットは径が大きくなる。しかし、径が大きくなったビームスポットは、同心円状の縞模様となっているので、容易にその中心位置を検知でき、検知した位置から上記各計測値を得ることができる。
【００３６】
計測の具体例を以下に説明する。図１の例において、レーザセンサ１６は台車１に対して、レールＲの幅方向すなわちｙ方向に、また高さ方向すなわちｚ方向に可動となっている。
まずレールＲに蛇行や勾配がなく、正規のスパンで左右高低差が０の状態を基準状態とする。そして図６のように、このときのビームスポットの位置Ｐ₀ がレーザセンサ１６面上の定点Ｑと重なるよう、センサ１６を左右駆動軸２６によりｙ方向に、また上下駆動軸２７によりｚ方向に位置調整する。この状態を、レールＲが基準線に対して幅方向にも高さ方向にもずれのない状態であるとする。定点Ｑは、本例ではレーザセンサ１６面の中心点としている。
【００３７】
台車１を走行させたとき、ビームスポットの位置がＰ₁ に移行したとすると、上記定点ＱがＰ₁ と重なるように、左右駆動軸２６および上下駆動軸２７を追従して駆動させ、レーザセンサ１６を実線の位置から破線の位置に移動させる。そして、ｙ方向の移動量Δｙを検出し、基準線に対するレールＲの幅方向ずれ量とする。またｚ方向の移動量Δｚを検出し、基準線に対するレールＲの高さ方向ずれ量とする。このように、レーザセンサ１６をビームスポットの位置に追従して移動させることで、上記各計測値を連続的に計測することができる。
【００３８】
なお、本発明法におけるレーザセンサ１６上のビームスポットの位置検出については、本例のような手段に限らず、ビームスポット像を光学レンズを通してＣＣＤカメラ等で入力し、画像処理により行う方法や、感光センサを用いる方法等の各種手段を採用してもよい。
【００３９】
本発明装置は、図１の例に示すように、検査すべき走行レールＲ上に検査用台車１を走行させて、走行レールＲのメタルフローおよび摩耗を自動測定するための装置である。走行レールＲとしては、直線状に敷設されたものおよび曲線状に敷設されたものを対象とすることができる。台車１の走行手段、レールＲの測定位置検出手段、メタルフローおよび摩耗については、上記本発明法の説明において述べたとおりである。
【００４０】
本発明装置におけるメタルフロー測定手段は、図１の例に示すように、台車１に連結された１対の水平ローラ２、台車１と水平ローラ２それぞれとの間に介在する水平リニアゲージ３等の幅変位検出器、台車１に固設されたレーザ距離計、およびメタルフロー演算機構で構成される。１対の水平ローラ２はレールＲを挟んで自在に回転するように取付けられる。幅変位検出手段としては、このほか上記のように、ラック・ピニオンとロータリーエンコーダの組合せや差動トランスを用いる機構等を採用することができる。
【００４１】
また摩耗測定手段は、図１の例に示すように、レールＲの上面に接触するように台車１に取付けられた超音波プローブ７、および摩耗演算機構で構成される。超音波プローブ７は、図１の例では回転倣い機構８および押付具９により、走行中レールＲの上面に接触するようになっている。すなわち回転倣い機構８は押付具９により下方ｚ方向に押圧され、かつｘ軸回りおよびｙ軸回りに回動自在である。もちろんレールＲと超音波プローブ７との接触部には、水などの超音波伝播媒体を供給する。この構成により、レールＲの幅方向中央部の摩耗ΔＨ₀ が自動測定できる。
【００４２】
また、必要に応じてさらに、台車１に連結された１対の垂直ローラ５、台車１と垂直ローラ５それぞれとの間に介在する垂直リニアゲージ６等の高さ変位検出器を加えた構成とすることもできる。１対の垂直ローラ５は、レールＲ上の左側摩耗測定位置および右側摩耗測定位置に接して自在に回転するように取付けられる。高さ変位検出器としては、このほか上記のように、ラック・ピニオンとロータリーエンコーダの組合せや差動トランスを用いる機構等を採用することができる。この構成により、レールＲの上記左側摩耗ΔＨ_L および右側摩耗ΔＨ_R が自動測定できる。
【００４３】
メタルフロー演算機構は、左右の水平ローラ２それぞれについての台車１との幅方向相対変位量計測値と、台車１とレールＲとの幅方向相対変位量計測値とから、左側メタルフローΔＷ_L および右側メタルフローΔＷ_R を求める機構である。図４の例では（ａ₀ −ａ₁ ）が左側水平ローラ２と台車１との幅方向相対変位量、（ｂ₀ −ｂ₁ ）が右側水平ローラ２と台車１との幅方向相対変位量であり、（ｃ₀ −ｃ₁ ）が台車１とレールＲとの幅方向相対変位量である。これら計測値から上記（１）式および（２）式により、左側メタルフローΔＷ_L および右側メタルフローΔＷ_R が求められる。
【００４４】
摩耗演算機構は、レールＲの高さｈ₁ を計測し、基準高さｈ₀ との差から、摩耗ΔＨ₀ ＝ｈ₀ −ｈ₁ を求める機構である。また必要に応じて、左右の垂直ローラ５それぞれについての台車１との高さ方向相対変位量計測値と、レールＲの高さ変化計測値とから、垂直ローラ５が接する位置での左側摩耗ΔＨ_L および右側摩耗ΔＨ_R を求める機構とすることもできる。図５の例では、（ｆ₀ −ｆ₁ ）が左側垂直ローラ５と台車１との高さ方向相対変位量、（ｇ₀ −ｇ₁ ）が右側垂直ローラ５と台車１との高さ方向相対変位量であり、（ｈ₀ −ｈ₁ ）がレールＲの高さ変化である。これら計測値から上記（３）式および（４）式により、左側摩耗ΔＨ_L および右側摩耗ΔＨ_R が求められる。
【００４５】
メタルフロー演算機構および摩耗演算機構としては、具体的にはパソコン等を採用して構成することができる。これら演算機構は、台車１に載置し、あるいは別の台車に載置してレールＲ上を走行させることもでき、またレールＲ外の位置に固定し、台車１上の計測部と有線または無線で結ぶこともできる。
【００４６】
本発明装置はまた、超音波プローブ７によるレールＲの探傷機構を有しているものとすることもできる。この場合も走行レールＲとしては、直線状に敷設されたものおよび曲線状に敷設されたものを対象とすることができる。探傷機構としては、上記本発明法の説明で述べたとおり、レールＲの底面反射エコーに加えて欠陥反射エコーを検知することで亀裂の有無を判定しその位置を計測するものである。
【００４７】
本発明装置はさらに、図１の例に示すように、レーザ投光器１５、レーザセンサ１６、およびセンサ１６におけるビームスポットの位置からレールＲの蛇行、勾配、スパンおよび左右高低差のいずれか１種または２種以上を計測演算するための機構を有しているものとすることもできる。レーザ投光器１５はレーザセンサ１６に向けてレーザビームを投射するためのもので、レールＲの起点に設けられる。レーザセンサ１６は、レーザビームを受光してビームスポットの位置を検知するためのもので、台車１上に設けられる。
【００４８】
この場合の走行レールＲとしては、直線状に敷設されたものが対象となる。レールＲの蛇行、勾配、スパンおよび左右高低差を計測演算するための具体的手段、およびセンサ１６におけるビームスポット位置を検知するための具体的手段については、上記本発明法の説明で述べたとおりである。
【００４９】
【実施例】
本発明装置の実施例を図７の側面図および図８の上面図に示す。走行台車１は走行車輪１０および１１を走行レールＲの上面に接触させて走行する。走行車輪１０および１１の一方または双方を駆動することで自走させてもよく、また連結具２５によりクレーン本体やトーピードカー等に連結して走行させてもよい。走行位置は、走行車輪１１の軸に取付けたロータリーエンコーダ１４により検知される。
【００５０】
保持ローラ１２および１３のそれぞれでレールＲを挟持させることで、台車１はレールＲに沿って移動する。保持ローラ１２および１３は、それぞれ保持ローラ調整ねじ２３および２４を調整することにより、適正なバネ力でレールＲを挟持する。
【００５１】
台車１に水平軸１７が固設され、水平軸１７には１対の水平ローラ２が連結されており、水平ローラ２のそれぞれと水平軸１７との間に水平リニアゲージ３が介在している。水平ローラ２はレールＲの頭部を挟むように取付けられ、台車１の走行に伴って自在に回転できるように、レールＲに対し幅方向に位置調整し、水平リニアゲージ３を締付ハンドル２０で水平軸１７に固定する。
【００５２】
水平軸１７にはまた、垂直軸１９が固定され、垂直軸１９の下端部にレーザ距離計４が固設されている。レーザ距離計４は、レールＲのウェブとの間隔を計測するもので、レールＲに対して幅方向および高さ方向に位置調整し、垂直軸１９を締付ハンドル２１で水平軸１７に固定する。
【００５３】
台車１にはさらに水平軸１８が固設され、水平軸１８には１対の垂直ローラ５が連結されており、垂直ローラ５のそれぞれと水平軸１８との間に垂直リニアゲージ６が介在している。垂直ローラ５はそれぞれレールＲの上面に接して取付けられ、台車１の走行に伴って自在に回転できるように、レールＲに対し高さ方向に位置調整し、垂直リニアゲージ６を締付ハンドル２２で水平軸１８に固定する。締付ハンドル２２での固定は、１対の垂直ローラ５がレールＲ上面の左側摩耗測定位置および右側摩耗測定位置に接するように、レールＲの幅方向に位置調整した後に行う。
【００５４】
また超音波プローブ７が台車１に取付けられ、図１に示すような旋回倣い機構８および押付具９により、走行中レールＲの上面に接触するように保持されている。超音波プローブ７とレールＲの接触部には図示しない水タンクから水を供給している。
【００５５】
さらに、必要に応じて使用するレーザセンサ１６が台車１に取付けられるようになっている。レーザセンサ１６を使用するときは、レールＲの起点にレーザ投光器を設ける。レーザセンサ１６は、図６に示すような左右駆動軸２６および上下駆動軸２７により、台車１に対してレールＲの幅方向および上下方向に移動可能に取付けられる。
【００５６】
上記装置において各検査項目のデータを得るため、図９に示すような演算機構を設け、水平リニアゲージ３、レーザ距離計４および垂直リニアゲージ６からの各信号、および超音波プローブ７の底面反射エコー信号を入力し、前記（１），（２），（３），（４）各式により、左側メタルフローΔＷ_L 、右側メタルフローΔＷ_R 、左側摩耗ΔＨ_L 、右側摩耗ΔＨ_R を演算で求め出力させる。
【００５７】
演算結果はロータリーエンコーダ１４による測定位置に対応させて記録するとともに、必要なときに表示させる。演算機構としてはパソコンを採用し、電源や水タンクとともに専用の台車上に載置し、上記台車１に連結して走行させる。
【００５８】
亀裂を探傷するときは、超音波プローブ７の欠陥反射エコー信号と底面反射信号を演算機構に入力し、亀裂有無とその位置を出力させる。さらに蛇行、勾配、スパン、左右高低差を測定するときは、図６に示すレーザセンサ１６のΔｙ，Δｚを演算機構に入力し、所要データを出力させる。
【００５９】
上記装置により天井走行クレーンの検査を行った。対象レールはＪＩＳ規格の７３kgレールで、全長１００ｍ、左右レールの間隔（スパン）は２４ｍである。左右レールのそれぞれについて、メタルフロー、摩耗、蛇行、勾配を測定し、亀裂探傷を行った。また左右ロールのスパンおよび高低差を測定した。測定間隔は１ｍである。
【００６０】
測定結果の一部を図１０〜図１３に示す。図１０はメタルフロー、図１１は摩耗、図１２は蛇行およびスパン、図１３は勾配および左右高低差である。本レールにおいては亀裂は認められなかった。これらの測定結果は、いずれも再現性の高いものであった。なお、図１３において勾配はレール長さ１．０ｍ間隔の高低差を示す。
【００６１】
また上記装置により、このほかＪＩＳ規格の各種クレーンレールについても検査でき、さらに、メタルフローと摩耗の測定および亀裂探傷については、トーピードカーの走行レールほか、各種工業用走行レールについても検査することができる。
【００６２】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、天井クレーンの走行レール、製鉄所におけるトーピードカーの走行レールなど、各種工業用走行レールの自動検査を容易に行うことができ、検査結果の再現性が高い。検査項目としては、レール頭部のメタルフローおよび摩耗の測定、ウェブやウェブと頭部の境界部に発生する亀裂の探傷ができ、さらに直線状に敷設されたものについては、蛇行、勾配、スパン、および左右高低差の測定を行うことができる。
【００６３】
特にメタルフローについては、従来は測定が困難であった左右への広がり量すなわち左側メタルフローおよび右側メタルフローを別個に自動測定できるので、よりきめ細かな基準での検査が可能となる。
したがって、従来は安全性や作業性の点で問題があった人力による検査を全廃することができ、省力化が達成されるとともに、検査結果の信頼性も高い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明法および装置の構成例を示す斜視図である。
【図２】本発明が対象とする走行レールのメタルフローの説明図である。
【図３】本発明が対象とする走行レールの摩耗の説明図である。
【図４】本発明におけるメタルフローの測定法の説明図であり、（ａ）は基準状態、（ｂ）はメタルフロー発生状態を示す。
【図５】本発明における摩耗の測定法の説明図であり、（ａ）は基準状態、（ｂ）は摩耗発生状態を示す。
【図６】本発明において、ビームスポットの位置を検出するための具体例を示す説明図である。
【図７】本発明装置の実施例を示す側面図である。
【図８】本発明装置の実施例を示す上面図である。
【図９】本発明における測定手段の例を示すブロック図である。
【図１０】本発明の実施例におけるメタルフローの測定例を示すグラフである。
【図１１】本発明の実施例における摩耗の測定例を示すグラフである。
【図１２】本発明の実施例における蛇行およびスパンの測定例を示すグラフである。
【図１３】本発明の実施例における勾配および左右高低差の測定例を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１…台車
２…水平ローラ
３…水平リニアゲージ
４…レーザ距離計
５…垂直ローラ
６…垂直リニアゲージ
７…超音波プローブ
８…旋回倣い機構
９…押付具
１０，１１…走行車輪
１２，１３…保持ローラ
１４…ロータリーエンコーダ
１５…レーザ投光器
１６…レーザセンサ
１７，１８…水平軸
１９…垂直軸
２０，２１，２２…締付ハンドル
２３，２４…保持ローラ調整ねじ
２５…連結具
２６…左右駆動軸
２７…上下駆動軸
Ｒ…レール[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for automatically inspecting various industrial traveling rails, such as traveling rails for overhead cranes and traveling rails for torpedo cars at steelworks.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The traveling rail of an overhead crane is an important structural part for running the crane while supporting the crane's own weight and the load of the suspended load. In addition, since various defects occur due to repeated traveling of the crane, inspection is periodically performed in order to avoid danger during traveling. Inspection items include metal flow and wear on the rail head, cracks in the rail, meandering and slope of each rail, span between left and right rails, and difference in height between left and right rails.
[0003]
Conventionally, these inspections have been performed manually, but they are forced to work in high places and confined places, and are also subject to time constraints because they are subject to inspection work during operation suspension. In addition, there were individual differences in measurement data, and there was also a problem in reliability.
[0004]
As a countermeasure against this problem, an automatic inspection method for overhead crane traveling rails using a laser beam has been developed and is described in "Crane" Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 2-6 (1992). In this method, a laser beam from a transmitter fixed to a traveling rail is received by a screen on the traveling carriage, and the meandering and gradient of each rail, the span and height difference between the left and right rails are measured by image processing. .
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the inspection method disclosed in the above document, there is no need for a person to walk on the rail for a part of the inspection items, and problems such as safety, workability, and reliability of inspection accuracy are solved. . However, among the above inspection items, the metal flow and wear on the rail head and cracks inside the rail cannot be automatically inspected.
[0006]
In addition, when the target is something that is laid on the ground and is not necessarily laid in a straight line, such as a torpedo car running rail in a steelworks, the metal flow can be used rather than the meandering or the gradient as in the method of the above document. Wear, cracks, etc. are more important inspection items.
[0007]
The present invention is a method and apparatus for automatically inspecting various industrial traveling rails, such as traveling rails for overhead cranes and traveling rails for torpedo cars at steelworks, and automatically detects the metal flow and wear of the rail head. In addition to automatic inspection, the internal cracks of the rails are automatically inspected as necessary, and the meandering and slope of each rail, and the span and height difference between the left and right rails are automatically inspected to achieve labor saving and safety. The purpose is to improve performance, workability and reliability of inspection results.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the method of the present invention is to connect a pair of horizontal rollers that rotate freely across a traveling rail to an inspection carriage that travels on a traveling rail via a width displacement detector. Thus, for each of the horizontal rollers, the relative displacement in the width direction with respect to the carriage is measured, and the relative displacement in the width direction between the carriage and the traveling rail is measured with a laser distance meter fixed to the carriage. By measuring the left metal flow and the right metal flow of the traveling rail, contacting the ultrasonic probe with the upper surface of the traveling rail, and measuring the height of the traveling rail, the wear on the upper surface of the traveling rail is reduced. A traveling rail inspection method characterized by measuring.
[0009]
Then, a pair of vertical rollers that freely rotate on the running rail is connected to the inspection carriage via height displacement detectors, so that each vertical roller has a height from the carriage. By measuring the directional relative displacement amount, the left side wear and the right side wear on the upper surface of the running rail can be measured.
[0010]
The ultrasonic probe can also detect cracks in the traveling rail. Further, the laser beam from the laser projector provided at the starting point of the traveling rail is received by the laser sensor provided on the inspection carriage, and the sensor By detecting the position of the beam spot, it is possible to measure any one or more of meandering, slope, span and left / right height difference of the traveling rail.
[0011]
In order to achieve the above object, an apparatus according to the present invention includes a testing cart that travels on a traveling rail, and a pair of horizontal rollers that freely rotate with the traveling rail interposed therebetween. A width displacement detector for measuring a width direction relative displacement amount of the horizontal roller is interposed between each of the horizontal rollers and the carriage, and the carriage has a width direction relative displacement amount of the carriage and the traveling rail. A laser rangefinder for measurement is fixed, and an ultrasonic probe for measuring the height of the traveling rail is attached to the carriage so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the traveling rail. For each roller, a left-side metal flow and a right-side metal flow of the traveling rail are measured from a measured value of the relative displacement in the width direction of the carriage and a measured value of the relative displacement in the width direction of the carriage and the traveling rail. A traveling apparatus for inspecting a running rail, comprising: a metal flow computing mechanism for computing the wear, and a wear computing mechanism for computing wear on the upper surface of the running rail from a height measurement value of the running rail. is there.
[0012]
A pair of vertical rollers that freely rotate on the traveling rail is connected to the inspection carriage, and height displacement detection for measuring the amount of relative displacement between the vertical rollers and the carriage in the height direction. A container is interposed between each of the vertical rollers and the carriage, and the height direction relative displacement measurement value of the pair of vertical rollers with respect to the carriage and the height measurement value of the traveling rail. In addition, a wear calculating mechanism for calculating left side wear and right side wear on the upper surface of the traveling rail may be provided.
[0013]
Further, the traveling rail may have a crack flaw detection mechanism by the ultrasonic probe, and a laser projector for projecting a laser beam provided at a starting point of the traveling rail is provided on the carriage. A laser sensor provided for receiving the laser beam, and for measuring and calculating one or more of meandering, gradient, span, and left-right height difference of the traveling rail from the position of the beam spot in the sensor It can also have a mechanism.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the method of the present invention is a method for automatically measuring the metal flow and wear of the traveling rail R by causing the inspection carriage 1 to travel on the traveling rail R to be inspected. As the traveling rail R, in addition to a rail laid like a crane rail, a case where a rail laid like a torpedo car rail is also included.
[0015]
The traveling carriage 1 can travel on the rail R by traveling wheels 10 and 11, and is movable along the rail R by holding rollers 12 and 13. As the traveling means, the holding roller 12 or 13 may be driven in addition to this, and it may be connected to another traveling vehicle, a crane main body, or the like. The measurement position of the rail R is detected by a rotary encoder 14 attached to the traveling wheel 11. For the position detection, various means such as traveling at a constant speed and obtaining from the traveling time can be employed.
[0016]
The metal flow is a phenomenon in which the head of the rail R is deformed and spreads in the lateral direction. In an exaggerated example, as shown in FIG. 2, the state before the deformation indicated by the solid line is changed to the state after the deformation indicated by the broken line, and usually the left and right spreading width ΔW _L And ΔW _R Is different. In this specification, ΔW _L Left side metal flow, ΔW _R Is called right metal flow, and in the method of the present invention, these are automatically measured.
[0017]
The wear is a phenomenon in which the head of the rail R is worn and the upper surface is lowered. In an exaggerated example, as shown in FIG. 3, since the state before wear indicated by the solid line is changed to the state after wear indicated by the broken line, and usually wears at an inclination, the wear height on the left side ΔH _L And right wear height ΔH _R Is different. In this specification, ΔH _L Left side wear, ΔH _R This is called right side wear. In the method of the present invention, the wear height ΔH at the center is used as wear. ₀ In addition to automatic measurement of left wear ΔH _L And right side wear ΔH _R Can be measured automatically.
[0018]
First, automatic measurement of metal flow will be described with reference to the examples of FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, a pair of horizontal rollers 2 that freely rotate with the traveling rail R interposed therebetween are connected to the carriage 1 via width displacement detectors. In this example, a horizontal linear gauge 3 is employed as a width displacement detector. In the example of FIG. 4, two horizontal linear gauges 3 are provided on the horizontal shaft 17, and the horizontal roller 2 is connected to each of them, and the horizontal shaft 17 is fixed to the carriage 1.
[0019]
When the carriage 1 is run, the left and right horizontal rollers 2 are independent of the width of the rail R with respect to the carriage 1 as indicated by the arrows in FIG. Move in the direction. In the present invention method, the horizontal linear gauge 3 measures the width-direction relative displacement amount with respect to the carriage 1 for each of the left and right horizontal rollers 2. In the example of FIG. 4, arbitrary reference points A and B are assumed on the horizontal axis 17, the distance a between the left horizontal roller 2 and the reference point A is set, and the distance b between the right horizontal roller 2 and the reference point B is set. Show. As shown in FIG. 4A, a in a reference state without metal flow. ₀ , B ₀ However, as shown in FIG. ₁ , B ₁ A ₀ -A ₁ Is the relative displacement in the width direction between the left horizontal roller 2 and the carriage, b ₀ -B ₁ Is the relative displacement in the width direction between the right horizontal roller 2 and the carriage.
[0020]
By the way, left metal flow ΔW _L And right metal flow ΔW _R Are different, the carriage 1 moves relative to the rail R from side to side. FIG. 4 shows an example in which the center point C of the horizontal axis 17 moves to the right by ΔC. In the method of the present invention, the laser distance meter 4 is fixed to the carriage 1, and in the example of FIG. 4, the laser distance meter 4 is fixed to the horizontal shaft 17, and the change in the distance c between the rail R and the web is captured. Measure the relative displacement in the width direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 4A, c in a reference state without metal flow. ₀ However, as shown in FIG. ₁ C ₀ -C ₁ Is the relative displacement in the width direction between the carriage 1 and the rail R.
[0021]
In FIG. 4, when the radius of the horizontal roller 2 is r, and the distance between the reference point B and the base point of the laser distance meter 4 is d,

It becomes.
[0022]
Therefore, as described above, the width-direction relative displacement amount (a ₀ -A ₁ ) And (b ₀ -B ₁ ) And the relative displacement (c) in the width direction between the carriage 1 and the rail R ₀ -C ₁ ) By measuring the left metal flow ΔW from the above equations (1) and (2). _L And right metal flow ΔW _R Can be requested.
[0023]
In the method of the present invention, as the width displacement detector, in addition to the horizontal linear gauge 3, a combination of a rack and pinion and a rotary encoder, that is, a rack is connected to the horizontal shaft 17 and a pinion is connected to the horizontal roller 2 and meshed. It is also possible to employ a mechanism that detects the rotation of the pinion accompanying the movement of the horizontal roller 2 with a rotary encoder. A mechanism using a differential transformer can also be employed. Further, as the horizontal roller 2, a roller mechanism that operates in an arc shape parallel to the crane traveling surface may be employed.
[0024]
Next, automatic measurement of wear will be described. As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the ultrasonic probe 7 is attached to the carriage 1 so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the rail R, and the height h of the rail R is utilized using the bottom reflection echo. ₁ Measure the reference height h ₀ From the difference between ₀ = H ₀ -H ₁ Measure automatically. The ultrasonic probe 7 is brought into contact with the upper surface of the traveling rail R by the rotational scanning mechanism 8 and the pressing tool 9.
[0025]
If necessary, wear on the left side ΔH _L And right side wear ΔH _R Can be measured automatically. In that case, a pair of vertical rollers 5 that freely rotate on the traveling rail R as shown in FIG. 1 are connected to the carriage 1 via respective height displacement detectors. In this example, a vertical linear gauge 6 is employed as a height displacement detector. As shown in the example of FIG. 5, two vertical linear gauges 6 are provided on the horizontal shaft 18, and the vertical roller 5 is connected to each of them. The horizontal shaft 18 is fixed to the carriage 1.
In the method of the present invention, as the height displacement detector, in addition to the vertical linear gauge 6, a combination of a rack and pinion and a rotary encoder, a mechanism using a differential transformer, or the like may be employed as well as the width displacement detector. it can.
[0026]
When the carriage 1 is run, the left and right vertical rollers 5 are independent of the height of the rail R with respect to the carriage 1 as indicated by the arrows in FIG. Move in the direction. In the method of the present invention, the amount of relative displacement in the height direction with respect to the carriage 1 is measured by the vertical linear gauge 6 for each of the left and right vertical rollers.
[0027]
In the example of FIG. 5, an arbitrary reference point D is assumed on the horizontal axis 18, the left vertical roller 5 is indicated by an interval f from the reference point D, and the right vertical roller 5 is indicated by an interval g from the reference point D. Yes. As shown in FIG. 5A, f in a reference state without wear. ₀ , G ₀ However, as shown in FIG. ₁ , G ₁ F ₀ -F ₁ Is the relative displacement in the height direction between the left vertical roller 5 and the carriage, g ₀ -G ₁ Is the relative displacement in the height direction between the right vertical roller 5 and the carriage.
[0028]
By the way, due to wear of the head of the rail R, the carriage 1 moves relative to the rail R downward. FIG. 5 shows that the horizontal axis 18 changes from a state without wear (a) to a state with wear (b) by ΔH. ₀ An example that only moves. ΔH ₀ Corresponds to the amount of change in the height h of the rail R. In the method of the present invention, the height h of the rail R is obtained by the ultrasonic probe 7 brought into contact with the upper surface. ₀ And h ₁ Measure.
[0029]
In FIG. 5, when the radius of the vertical roller 5 is s,

It becomes.
[0030]
Therefore, as described above, for each of the left and right vertical rollers 5, the height-direction relative displacement amount (f ₀ -F ₁ ) And (g ₀ -G ₁ ) Is measured by the vertical linear gauge 6 and the height change of the rail R (h ₀ -H ₁ ) Is measured using the bottom surface reflected echo by the ultrasonic probe 7, and the left side wear ΔH at the position where the vertical roller 5 is in contact with the above formulas (3) and (4). _L And right side wear ΔH _R Can be requested.
[0031]
The method of the present invention can also detect cracks in the running rail with this ultrasonic probe 7. In this case as well, linear and curved traveling rails are targeted. The crane's traveling rail is subjected to repeated stress due to the load of the crane itself and the suspended load. Often to do. In addition, the same crack is often generated on the running rail of a torpedo car due to repeated stress caused by the torpedo car loaded with a large amount of hot metal.
With respect to such a traveling rail, the ultrasonic probe 7 detects a defect reflection echo in addition to the bottom surface reflection echo of the rail R, thereby determining the presence or absence of a crack and measuring the position thereof.
[0032]
The method of the present invention further receives a laser beam from a laser projector 15 provided at the starting point of the traveling rail R by a laser sensor 16 provided on the carriage 1 as shown in the example of FIG. By detecting the position, any one or more of meandering, slope, span and left / right height difference of the traveling rail R can be measured. In this case, a traveling rail laid in a straight line is targeted.
[0033]
Here, meandering is a phenomenon in which the traveling rail R literally undulates from side to side, and the amount of deviation in the width direction with respect to the reference line is measured for each rail R. The gradient is a height difference at a predetermined interval in the length direction when the rail R tilts up and down, and is obtained by calculation by measuring the amount of deviation in the height direction with respect to the reference line for each rail R.
[0034]
The span is the interval between the left and right rails R, and the difference from the reference interval is measured. Specifically, for each of the two left and right rails R, the amount of deviation in the width direction with respect to the reference line is measured, and obtained from the measured values of both rails by calculation. The difference in height between the left and right rails is the difference in height between the left and right rails R and is represented by the difference in height between the two rails on the same orthogonal line. Specifically, for each of the two left and right rails R, the amount of deviation in the height direction with respect to the reference line is measured, and obtained from the measured values of both rails by calculation.
[0035]
The laser beam from the laser projector 15 is irradiated onto the surface of the laser sensor 16 on the carriage 1 to form a beam spot. However, the beam spreads as the carriage 1 moves away from the projector 15, so that the beam spot on the sensor 16 surface. Increases in diameter. However, since the beam spot having an increased diameter has a concentric striped pattern, the center position can be easily detected, and each measurement value can be obtained from the detected position.
[0036]
A specific example of measurement will be described below. In the example of FIG. 1, the laser sensor 16 is movable with respect to the carriage 1 in the width direction of the rail R, that is, in the y direction, and in the height direction, that is, in the z direction.
First, a state in which the rail R has no meandering or gradient, and the right and left height difference is 0 in a normal span is set as a reference state. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the position P of the beam spot at this time ₀ Is aligned with the fixed point Q on the surface of the laser sensor 16 so that the sensor 16 is adjusted in the y direction by the left and right drive shaft 26 and in the z direction by the vertical drive shaft 27. This state is a state in which the rail R is not displaced in the width direction and the height direction with respect to the reference line. The fixed point Q is the center point of the surface of the laser sensor 16 in this example.
[0037]
When the cart 1 is run, the beam spot position is P ₁ The fixed point Q is P ₁ The left and right drive shafts 26 and the vertical drive shaft 27 are driven so as to overlap with each other, and the laser sensor 16 is moved from the solid line position to the broken line position. Then, the amount of movement Δy in the y direction is detected and used as the amount of shift in the width direction of the rail R with respect to the reference line. Further, the movement amount Δz in the z direction is detected and set as the amount of deviation in the height direction of the rail R with respect to the reference line. In this way, by moving the laser sensor 16 following the position of the beam spot, the above measured values can be continuously measured.
[0038]
The position detection of the beam spot on the laser sensor 16 in the method of the present invention is not limited to the means as in this example, but a method of inputting a beam spot image through an optical lens with a CCD camera or the like and performing image processing, Various means such as a method using a photosensitive sensor may be adopted.
[0039]
As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the device of the present invention is a device for automatically measuring the metal flow and wear of the traveling rail R by causing the inspection carriage 1 to travel on the traveling rail R to be inspected. The traveling rail R can be a straight rail and a curved rail. The traveling means of the carriage 1, the measurement position detecting means of the rail R, the metal flow and the wear are as described in the description of the method of the present invention.
[0040]
As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the metal flow measuring means in the apparatus of the present invention includes a pair of horizontal rollers 2 connected to the carriage 1, a horizontal linear gauge 3 interposed between the carriage 1 and the horizontal rollers 2, and the like. Width displacement detector, a laser distance meter fixed to the carriage 1, and a metal flow calculation mechanism. The pair of horizontal rollers 2 are attached so as to freely rotate with the rail R interposed therebetween. As the width displacement detection means, a combination of a rack and pinion and a rotary encoder, a mechanism using a differential transformer, or the like can be employed as described above.
[0041]
Further, as shown in the example of FIG. 1, the wear measurement means includes an ultrasonic probe 7 attached to the carriage 1 so as to contact the upper surface of the rail R, and a wear calculation mechanism. In the example of FIG. 1, the ultrasonic probe 7 is brought into contact with the upper surface of the traveling rail R by the rotational scanning mechanism 8 and the pressing tool 9. That is, the rotational copying mechanism 8 is pressed in the downward z direction by the pressing tool 9 and is rotatable about the x axis and the y axis. Of course, an ultrasonic propagation medium such as water is supplied to the contact portion between the rail R and the ultrasonic probe 7. With this configuration, wear ΔH at the center in the width direction of the rail R ₀ Can be measured automatically.
[0042]
Further, if necessary, a configuration in which a pair of vertical rollers 5 connected to the carriage 1 and a height displacement detector such as a vertical linear gauge 6 interposed between the carriage 1 and each of the vertical rollers 5 are added, and You can also The pair of vertical rollers 5 are attached so as to freely rotate in contact with the left wear measurement position and the right wear measurement position on the rail R. As the height displacement detector, as described above, a combination of a rack and pinion and a rotary encoder, a mechanism using a differential transformer, or the like can be employed. With this configuration, the left side wear ΔH of the rail R is _L And right side wear ΔH _R Can be measured automatically.
[0043]
The metal flow calculation mechanism calculates the left-side metal flow ΔW from the width direction relative displacement measurement value of the left and right horizontal rollers 2 with the carriage 1 and the width direction relative displacement measurement value of the carriage 1 and the rail R. _L And right metal flow ΔW _R This is a mechanism for obtaining. In the example of FIG. ₀ -A ₁ ) Is the relative displacement in the width direction between the left horizontal roller 2 and the carriage 1, (b ₀ -B ₁ ) Is the relative displacement in the width direction between the right horizontal roller 2 and the carriage 1, and (c ₀ -C ₁ ) Is the relative displacement in the width direction between the carriage 1 and the rail R. From these measured values, the left metal flow ΔW according to the above equations (1) and (2). _L And right metal flow ΔW _R Is required.
[0044]
The wear calculation mechanism has a height h of the rail R. ₁ Measure the reference height h ₀ From the difference between ₀ = H ₀ -H ₁ This is a mechanism for obtaining. If necessary, the left side wear ΔH at the position where the vertical roller 5 is in contact with each other from the height direction relative displacement measurement value of the left and right vertical rollers 5 with the carriage 1 and the height change measurement value of the rail R. _L And right side wear ΔH _R A mechanism for obtaining In the example of FIG. ₀ -F ₁ ) Is the relative displacement in the height direction between the left vertical roller 5 and the carriage 1, (g ₀ -G ₁ ) Is the amount of relative displacement in the height direction between the right vertical roller 5 and the carriage 1, and (h ₀ -H ₁ ) Is a change in the height of the rail R. From these measured values, left side wear ΔH by the above formulas (3) and (4) _L And right side wear ΔH _R Is required.
[0045]
Specifically, the metal flow calculation mechanism and the wear calculation mechanism can be configured using a personal computer or the like. These calculation mechanisms can be placed on the carriage 1 or placed on another carriage and run on the rail R, and fixed to a position outside the rail R, and wired or It can also be connected wirelessly.
[0046]
The device of the present invention can also have a rail R flaw detection mechanism using the ultrasonic probe 7. Also in this case, the traveling rail R can be a straight rail and a curved rail. As described above in the description of the method of the present invention, the flaw detection mechanism detects the presence or absence of a crack by measuring a defect reflection echo in addition to the bottom surface reflection echo of the rail R and measures its position.
[0047]
As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the device of the present invention further includes any one of the laser projector 15, the laser sensor 16, and the position of the beam spot on the sensor 16 from the meandering of the rail R, the gradient, the span, and the difference in height between the left and right. It can also have a mechanism for measuring and calculating two or more kinds. The laser projector 15 is for projecting a laser beam toward the laser sensor 16 and is provided at the starting point of the rail R. The laser sensor 16 is for receiving a laser beam and detecting the position of the beam spot, and is provided on the carriage 1.
[0048]
In this case, the running rail R is a straight rail. Specific means for measuring and calculating the meandering, slope, span, and horizontal difference of the rail R, and specific means for detecting the beam spot position in the sensor 16 are as described in the description of the method of the present invention. It is.
[0049]
【Example】
An embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is shown in a side view of FIG. 7 and a top view of FIG. The traveling carriage 1 travels with the traveling wheels 10 and 11 in contact with the upper surface of the traveling rail R. The traveling wheels 10 and 11 may be driven by driving one or both of them, or may be connected to a crane body, a torpedo car, or the like by the connecting tool 25 to be driven. The traveling position is detected by a rotary encoder 14 attached to the shaft of the traveling wheel 11.
[0050]
The carriage 1 moves along the rail R by holding the rail R between the holding rollers 12 and 13. The holding rollers 12 and 13 hold the rail R with an appropriate spring force by adjusting the holding roller adjusting screws 23 and 24, respectively.
[0051]
A horizontal shaft 17 is fixed to the carriage 1, and a pair of horizontal rollers 2 are connected to the horizontal shaft 17, and a horizontal linear gauge 3 is interposed between each of the horizontal rollers 2 and the horizontal shaft 17. . The horizontal roller 2 is mounted so as to sandwich the head of the rail R. The horizontal roller 2 is adjusted in the width direction with respect to the rail R so that the horizontal roller 2 can freely rotate as the carriage 1 travels, and the horizontal linear gauge 3 is tightened to the tightening handle 20. To the horizontal shaft 17.
[0052]
A vertical shaft 19 is also fixed to the horizontal shaft 17, and a laser distance meter 4 is fixed to the lower end portion of the vertical shaft 19. The laser distance meter 4 measures the distance between the rail R and the web, adjusts the position of the rail R in the width direction and the height direction, and fixes the vertical shaft 19 to the horizontal shaft 17 with a tightening handle 21. .
[0053]
A horizontal shaft 18 is further fixed to the carriage 1, and a pair of vertical rollers 5 are connected to the horizontal shaft 18, and a vertical linear gauge 6 is interposed between each of the vertical rollers 5 and the horizontal shaft 18. ing. Each of the vertical rollers 5 is attached in contact with the upper surface of the rail R, and is adjusted in the height direction with respect to the rail R so that the vertical roller 5 can freely rotate as the carriage 1 travels. To the horizontal shaft 18. Fixing with the tightening handle 22 is performed after adjusting the position in the width direction of the rail R so that the pair of vertical rollers 5 are in contact with the left wear measurement position and the right wear measurement position on the upper surface of the rail R.
[0054]
An ultrasonic probe 7 is attached to the carriage 1 and is held so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the traveling rail R by a turning scanning mechanism 8 and a pressing tool 9 as shown in FIG. Water is supplied to a contact portion between the ultrasonic probe 7 and the rail R from a water tank (not shown).
[0055]
Further, a laser sensor 16 to be used as needed is attached to the carriage 1. When the laser sensor 16 is used, a laser projector is provided at the starting point of the rail R. The laser sensor 16 is attached to the carriage 1 so as to be movable in the width direction and the vertical direction of the rail R by a left and right drive shaft 26 and a vertical drive shaft 27 as shown in FIG.
[0056]
In order to obtain the data of each inspection item in the above apparatus, an arithmetic mechanism as shown in FIG. 9 is provided, each signal from the horizontal linear gauge 3, the laser distance meter 4 and the vertical linear gauge 6, and the bottom reflection of the ultrasonic probe 7. An echo signal is input, and the left metal flow ΔW according to the above equations (1), (2), (3), (4) _L , Right side metal flow ΔW _R , Left side wear ΔH _L , Right side wear ΔH _R Is calculated and output.
[0057]
The calculation result is recorded in correspondence with the measurement position by the rotary encoder 14 and displayed when necessary. A personal computer is adopted as the calculation mechanism, and it is placed on a dedicated cart together with a power source and a water tank, and is connected to the cart 1 to run.
[0058]
When flaw detection is performed, the defect reflection echo signal and bottom surface reflection signal of the ultrasonic probe 7 are input to the calculation mechanism, and the presence / absence of the crack and its position are output. Further, when measuring meandering, slope, span, and left / right difference in height, Δy and Δz of the laser sensor 16 shown in FIG. 6 are input to an arithmetic mechanism, and necessary data is output.
[0059]
The overhead traveling crane was inspected with the above apparatus. The target rail is a JIS standard 73 kg rail with a total length of 100 m, and the distance (span) between the left and right rails is 24 m. For each of the left and right rails, the metal flow, wear, meandering, and gradient were measured, and crack inspection was performed. The span and height difference of the left and right rolls were measured. The measurement interval is 1 m.
[0060]
Some of the measurement results are shown in FIGS. FIG. 10 shows metal flow, FIG. 11 shows wear, FIG. 12 shows meandering and span, and FIG. No cracks were observed on this rail. These measurement results were all highly reproducible. In FIG. 13, the gradient indicates a difference in height with a rail length interval of 1.0 m.
[0061]
In addition to the above, various JIS-standard crane rails can be inspected by the above-mentioned equipment. Further, metal flow and wear measurement and crack detection can be inspected for various industrial traveling rails as well as torpedo car traveling rails. .
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, various industrial traveling rails such as overhead crane traveling rails and torpedo vehicle traveling rails at steelworks can be easily inspected, and the reproducibility of inspection results is high. Inspection items include metal flow and wear measurement of the rail head, flaw detection at the web and the boundary between the web and the head, and for those laid in a straight line, meander, slope, span , And the difference in height between left and right can be measured.
[0063]
In particular, with respect to the metal flow, the amount of spread to the left and right, which has conventionally been difficult to measure, that is, the left metal flow and the right metal flow can be automatically measured separately.
Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the human-powered inspection that has conventionally been problematic in terms of safety and workability, thereby achieving labor saving and high reliability of the inspection result.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the method and apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a metal flow of a traveling rail targeted by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the wear of a running rail targeted by the present invention.
4A and 4B are explanatory diagrams of a metal flow measurement method according to the present invention, in which FIG. 4A shows a reference state and FIG. 4B shows a metal flow generation state.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams of a method for measuring wear according to the present invention, in which FIG. 5A shows a reference state and FIG.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a specific example for detecting the position of a beam spot in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a top view showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of measuring means in the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of measurement of metal flow in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a measurement example of wear in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing an example of meandering and span measurement in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing a measurement example of a gradient and a difference in height between left and right in an example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... cart
2 ... Horizontal roller
3. Horizontal linear gauge
4 ... Laser distance meter
5 ... Vertical roller
6 ... Vertical linear gauge
7 ... Ultrasonic probe
8 ... Turning copying mechanism
9 ... Pressing tool
10, 11 ... traveling wheels
12, 13 ... holding roller
14 ... Rotary encoder
15 ... Laser projector
16 ... Laser sensor
17, 18 ... Horizontal axis
19 ... Vertical axis
20, 21, 22, ... tightening handle
23, 24 ... Holding roller adjusting screw
25 ... Connector
26 ... Left and right drive shaft
27 ... Vertical drive shaft
R ... Rail

Claims (8)

A pair of horizontal rollers that rotate freely with the traveling rail interposed between the inspection carriages that travel on the traveling rails are connected to each other by means of a width displacement detector. And measuring the width-direction relative displacement between the carriage and the traveling rail with a laser distance meter fixed to the carriage, thereby measuring the left side metal flow and the right side of the traveling rail. A method for inspecting a running rail, comprising measuring a metal flow, contacting an ultrasonic probe with the upper surface of the running rail, and measuring a height of the running rail to measure wear on the running rail upper surface. . A pair of vertical rollers that freely rotate on the running rail is connected to the inspection carriage via height displacement detectors, so that each of the vertical rollers is relative to the carriage in the height direction. 2. The traveling rail inspection method according to claim 1, wherein left side wear and right side wear on the upper surface of the running rail are measured by measuring a displacement amount. 3. The traveling rail inspection method according to claim 1, wherein a crack in the traveling rail is detected by the ultrasonic probe. The laser beam from the laser projector provided at the starting point of the traveling rail is received by the laser sensor provided on the inspection carriage, and the position of the beam spot on the sensor is detected, thereby meandering, gradient, span and left and right of the traveling rail. The traveling rail inspection method according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the height differences are measured. A pair of horizontal rollers that rotate freely across the traveling rail is connected to the inspection carriage that travels on the traveling rail, and a width for measuring the amount of relative displacement in the width direction of the horizontal roller with respect to the carriage. A displacement detector is interposed between each of the horizontal rollers and the carriage, and a laser rangefinder for measuring the amount of relative displacement in the width direction of the carriage and the traveling rail is fixed to the carriage. Further, an ultrasonic probe for measuring the height of the traveling rail is attached to the carriage so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the traveling rail, and the widthwise relative displacement of the pair of horizontal rollers with respect to the carriage. A metal flow calculation mechanism for calculating a left metal flow and a right metal flow of the traveling rail from the amount measurement value and a width direction relative displacement measurement value of the carriage and the traveling rail And testing device of the running rail, characterized in that the height measurement value of the running rail has a wear calculation device for calculating the wear of the running rail upper surface. A pair of vertical rollers that freely rotate on the traveling rail is connected to the inspection carriage, and a height displacement detector for measuring a relative displacement in the height direction of the vertical rollers with respect to the carriage. Each of the vertical rollers and the carriage, the height direction relative displacement measurement value of the pair of vertical rollers with respect to the carriage, and the height measurement value of the traveling rail, 6. The traveling rail inspection apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a wear calculating mechanism for calculating left-side wear and right-side wear on the upper surface of the running rail. 7. The traveling rail inspection apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a crack detection mechanism for the traveling rail by the ultrasonic probe. A laser projector for projecting a laser beam provided at the starting point of the running rail, a laser sensor for receiving the laser beam provided on the carriage, and meandering of the running rail from the position of the beam spot in the sensor; 8. The traveling rail inspection device according to claim 5, further comprising a mechanism for measuring and calculating any one or more of a gradient, a span, and a left / right height difference.

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