JP2637986B2 - Manufacturing method of universal joint shaft - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of universal joint shaftInfo
- Publication number
- JP2637986B2 JP2637986B2 JP62194460A JP19446087A JP2637986B2 JP 2637986 B2 JP2637986 B2 JP 2637986B2 JP 62194460 A JP62194460 A JP 62194460A JP 19446087 A JP19446087 A JP 19446087A JP 2637986 B2 JP2637986 B2 JP 2637986B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- universal joint
- manufacturing
- heat treatment
- quenching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
- F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
- F16D3/40—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
- F16D3/41—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes with ball or roller bearings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は熱処理後の機械加工を省略できるように熱処
理を適切に行なうことによって製造工程を簡略化した自
在継手の軸の製造方法に関するものである。Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a shaft of a universal joint in which a manufacturing process is simplified by appropriately performing a heat treatment so that machining after the heat treatment can be omitted. is there.
（従来の技術と問題点） 例えば自在継手の十字軸２（第１及び２図参照）を製
造するには一般に次のような工程が必要である。(Prior art and problems) For example, manufacturing the cross shaft 2 of a universal joint (see FIGS. 1 and 2) generally requires the following steps.
（１） 材料、例えばクロム鋼（SCR 420）の丸棒を切
断する。(1) Cutting a round bar of a material, for example, chrome steel (SCR 420).
（２） 次に鍛造によりほぼ十字軸の形状にする。(2) Next, the shape of the shaft is substantially cross-shaped by forging.
（３） 次にこの鍛造によって生じた内部応力を除去す
るため焼なまし又は焼ならしのような熱処理を施こす。(3) Next, heat treatment such as annealing or normalizing is performed to remove the internal stress generated by the forging.
（４） 更にこの十字軸に切削加工を施こす。即ち十字
軸２の軸部分４のうち、軸受キャップ20に対抗する端面
６、ニードルローラ22が転動する転動面８、オイルシー
ル24等に接するシール面10等を旋盤等によって加工する
と共に、給油孔12、油溜め14、グリースニップル取付孔
16等に孔明け加工を行ない、グリースニップル取付孔16
にはタップによりめねじを加工する。(4) Further, this cross shaft is subjected to cutting. That is, of the shaft portion 4 of the cross shaft 2, the end surface 6 facing the bearing cap 20, the rolling surface 8 on which the needle roller 22 rolls, the sealing surface 10 in contact with the oil seal 24, and the like are processed by a lathe or the like. Oil supply hole 12, oil reservoir 14, grease nipple mounting hole
Grease nipple mounting hole 16
Is machined with a tap.
（５） 次にこの機械加工された十字軸に浸炭焼入及び
焼戻し等の熱処理を行なう。(5) Next, heat treatment such as carburizing and quenching is performed on the machined cross shaft.
（６） 次に端面６、転動面８及びシール面10に研削加
工を施こす。転動面８の研削代は直径0.2mm程度が普通
である。(6) Next, the end face 6, the rolling face 8, and the seal face 10 are subjected to grinding. The grinding allowance for the rolling surface 8 is generally about 0.2 mm in diameter.
以上のように自在継手の軸の製造には非常に多くの工
程を必要とし、そのため自在継手の価格が高くなのるを
余儀なくされていた。As described above, the production of the shaft of the universal joint requires an extremely large number of steps, which has forced the price of the universal joint to be high.
（問題点を解決するための手段） 上述の問題点を解決するため、本発明は、自在継手の
軸を製造する方法において、軸を機械加工するステップ
と、次のこの軸の軸部分の表面層の金属組織が５〜35％
のオーステナイト、残りが焼戻しマルテンサイトになる
よう前記軸に浸炭焼入焼戻し又は浸炭窒化焼入焼基しを
施す熱処理ステップとの２段階の処理で、加工処理を終
了し、前記熱処理ステップ後には何ら後処理を施さず直
接に相手部材、即ちニードルローラ又は軸受（ベアリン
グ）キャップ等とともに組付けを行って使用に供し、こ
の使用中に相手部材との連係動作を通して自動的に加工
硬化を生じて完成させるようにしたことを特徴とする。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a shaft of a universal joint, comprising the steps of machining the shaft, 5-35% of metal structure of layer
Austenite, and a heat treatment step of carburizing and quenching and tempering or carbonitriding and quenching and quenching the shaft so that the remainder becomes tempered martensite. It is assembled directly with the mating member, that is, needle roller or bearing cap, etc. without post-processing, and used for use. During use, work hardening is automatically generated through the linking operation with the mating member to complete It is characterized in that it is made to be.
尚機械加工を行なう際、次の熱処理で体積が膨張する
ことを見越して軸の先端部を細く形成するのがよい。When machining, it is preferable to form the tip of the shaft thinner in anticipation that the volume will expand in the next heat treatment.
（作 用） ５〜35％のオーストナイトがあるため、軸の摺動面及
び転動面が相手部材になじみ、面圧が低くなる。また表
面がニードルローラの転動と、ベアリングキャップの摺
動により加工硬化して硬度が高くなり耐摩耗性が向上す
る。これにより熱処理後の人為的な機械加工が全く不要
になる。(Operation) Since there is 5-35% austenite, the sliding surface and the rolling surface of the shaft are adapted to the mating member, and the surface pressure is reduced. In addition, the surface is work hardened by the rolling of the needle roller and the sliding of the bearing cap, so that the hardness is increased and the wear resistance is improved. This eliminates the need for any artificial machining after the heat treatment.
（実施例） 実施例Ｉ 本発明の好適な実施例では次のような工程で十字軸を
製造する。EXAMPLES Example I In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a cross shaft is manufactured by the following steps.
（１） クロム鋼（SCR 420）の丸棒を切断して十字軸
素材を形成する。(1) Cut a round bar of chrome steel (SCR420) to form a cross shaft material.
（２） 次に鍛造によりほぼ十字軸の形状にする。(2) Next, the shape of the shaft is substantially cross-shaped by forging.
（３） 次に必要な機械加工を行なう。即ち旋盤による
切削加工、研削盤による研削加工、サイジング用型を使
用するサイジング等必要な機械加工を行なう。(3) Next, necessary machining is performed. That is, necessary machining such as cutting with a lathe, grinding with a grinder, and sizing using a sizing die is performed.
この場合、軸部分４の先端部が次の熱処理工程で体積
が膨張するので、先端部が細くなるように研削するのが
有利である。In this case, since the tip portion of the shaft portion 4 expands in volume in the next heat treatment step, it is advantageous to grind the tip portion to be thin.
（４） 次に浸炭温度930〜950℃で、カーボンポテイン
シャル0.9〜1.21％、油温110〜180℃の条件で軸全体に
わたりガス浸炭油焼入れを行ない、160〜200℃に焼戻
し、焼戻した時の表面層の金属組織がオーステナイト５
〜35％、その他が焼戻しマルテンサイトになるようにす
る。全浸炭層深さは0.8〜1.5mmである。表面からの硬度
分布の一例を第３図に示す。(4) Next, gas carburizing oil quenching was performed on the entire shaft at a carburizing temperature of 930 to 950 ° C, a carbon potential of 0.9 to 1.21%, and an oil temperature of 110 to 180 ° C, followed by tempering to 160 to 200 ° C and tempering. When the metal structure of the surface layer is austenite 5
~ 35%, other tempered martensite. The total carburized layer depth is 0.8-1.5mm. FIG. 3 shows an example of the hardness distribution from the surface.
第３図に示す例では表面から0.05〜0.08mmの深さの表
面層Ｔにおいてビッカース硬度750の最高硬度になって
いる。In the example shown in FIG. 3, the surface layer T having a depth of 0.05 to 0.08 mm from the surface has the highest hardness of Vickers hardness 750.
このようにして製造した十字軸は機械加工を行なうこ
となくそのまま使用する。The cross shaft thus manufactured is used as it is without machining.
この結果、端面６、シール面10、特に転動面は相手摺
動部材多び転動部材に接触することによって相手部材に
なじみ面圧が低くなる。これは上述したように残留オー
ステナイトがあるからである。As a result, the end face 6, the sealing face 10, and especially the rolling face come into contact with the other sliding member and the rolling member, so that the surface pressure adapted to the other member is reduced. This is because there is retained austenite as described above.
また残留オーステナイトが相手部材による転動及び摺
動により加工硬化され、耐摩耗性が増大し、疲れ強さが
増大する。加工硬化による表面に近い部分の硬度の増大
を第３図に点線で示した。Further, the retained austenite is work-hardened by rolling and sliding by the mating member, so that wear resistance is increased and fatigue strength is increased. The increase in hardness of the portion near the surface due to work hardening is shown by a dotted line in FIG.
実施例II この実施例はガス浸炭窒化焼入を行なう実施例であ
る。実施例Ｉの（１）〜（３）までの工程は同一である
が（４）の工程は次の通りである。Embodiment II This embodiment is an embodiment in which gas carbonitriding and quenching are performed. The steps (1) to (3) of Example I are the same, but the step (4) is as follows.
軸を機械加工後、浸炭窒化温度880℃、カーボンポテ
ンシャル0.8〜1.2％、油温90〜160℃の条件で軸全体に
わたりガス浸炭素窒化油焼入れを行ない、160〜200℃に
焼戻し、焼戻した時の表面層の金属組織がオーステナイ
ト５〜35％、その他が焼戻しマルテンサイトになるよう
にする。全浸炭窒化層深さは0.6〜1.2mmである。When the shaft is machined, then gas-carbonitriding oil quenching is performed on the entire shaft under the conditions of carbonitriding temperature 880 ° C, carbon potential 0.8-1.2%, oil temperature 90-160 ° C, tempering to 160-200 ° C, and tempering. The metal structure of the surface layer is austenite 5 to 35%, and the other is tempered martensite. The total carbonitrided depth is 0.6-1.2mm.
（効果） 本発明は自在継手の十字軸等を機械加工後、焼入、焼
戻しを行ない、その表面層の金属組織をオーステナイト
５〜35％、その他が焼戻しマルテンサイトになるように
したので十字軸の摺動面及び転動面が相手部材になじみ
面圧が低くなり、また表面が加工硬化して硬度が高くな
る。このようにして熱処理後の機械加工を省略すること
ができる。(Effect) According to the present invention, the cruciform shaft of the universal joint is machined, then quenched and tempered, and the metal structure of the surface layer is made to be austenitic 5 to 35% and the other is tempered martensite. The sliding surface and the rolling surface of the surface contact the mating member, and the surface pressure decreases, and the surface is work-hardened to increase the hardness. In this way, machining after the heat treatment can be omitted.
第１図は本発明を適用し得る自在継手の十字軸の一例を
示す正面図、 第２図は第１図の十字軸の軸受キャップ等を取除いた正
面図、 第３図は本発明方法により熱処理を実施した十字軸の表
面からの硬度分布を示すグラフである。 ２……十字軸、４……軸部分 ６……端面、８……転動面、 10……シール面、12……油孔 14……油溜め 16……グリースニップル取付孔 20……軸受キャップ、22……ニードルローラ 24……オイルシール1 is a front view showing an example of a cross shaft of a universal joint to which the present invention can be applied, FIG. 2 is a front view of the cross shaft of FIG. 1 from which a bearing cap and the like are removed, and FIG. 3 is a method of the present invention. 4 is a graph showing a hardness distribution from the surface of a cross axis subjected to heat treatment according to (1). 2 Cross shaft, 4 Shaft section 6 End face, 8 Rolling face, 10 Seal face, 12 Oil hole 14 Oil reservoir 16 Grease nipple mounting hole 20 Bearing Cap, 22 Needle roller 24 Oil seal
Claims (1)
ーステナイト、残りが焼戻しマルテンサイトになるよう
前記軸に浸炭焼入焼戻し又は浸炭窒化焼入焼戻しを施す
熱処理ステップと の２段階の処理で、加工処理を終了し、 前記熱処理ステップ後には何ら後処理を施さず直接に相
手部材とともに組付けを行って使用に供し、この使用中
に相手部材との連係動作を通して自動的に加工硬化を生
じて完成させるようにしたことを特徴とする自在継手の
軸製造方法。1. A method for manufacturing a shaft of a universal joint, comprising the steps of: machining the shaft; and forming a metal structure of a surface layer of a shaft portion of the shaft portion of 5 to 35% of austenite and a remainder of tempered martensite. A heat treatment step of performing carburizing and quenching and tempering or carbonitriding and quenching and tempering on the shaft to complete the processing, and after the heat treatment step, directly assemble with the mating member without performing any post-treatment. A method for manufacturing a shaft of a universal joint, characterized in that the work is hardened automatically through a linking operation with a mating member during use and completed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62194460A JP2637986B2 (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1987-08-05 | Manufacturing method of universal joint shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62194460A JP2637986B2 (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1987-08-05 | Manufacturing method of universal joint shaft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6439321A JPS6439321A (en) | 1989-02-09 |
| JP2637986B2 true JP2637986B2 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
Family
ID=16324932
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62194460A Expired - Fee Related JP2637986B2 (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1987-08-05 | Manufacturing method of universal joint shaft |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2637986B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4200848C1 (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1993-06-17 | Gkn Automotive Ag, 5200 Siegburg, De | Synchronous rotating ball joint - with selective hardening of guide surfaces and ball paths |
| DE19831143C1 (en) | 1998-07-11 | 2000-03-23 | Gkn Gelenkwellenbau Gmbh | Connecting yoke for motor vehicle universal joint has pins each with curved root connection to base of yoke |
| DE102004013386B4 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2006-03-30 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Van Buren Township | A method of finishing a metal blank of a tripod stator of a constant velocity joint with a hub body |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2455239A1 (en) * | 1979-04-25 | 1980-11-21 | Charbonnages Ste Chimique | PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF INFLAMMATION AND EXPLOSION RESULTING FROM THE DECOMPOSITION OF ETHYLENE UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| JPS60155618A (en) * | 1984-01-23 | 1985-08-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for improving fatigue strength of carburized and hardened member having notch |
| JPS61261428A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-11-19 | Riken Corp | Production of seal ring |
-
1987
- 1987-08-05 JP JP62194460A patent/JP2637986B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6439321A (en) | 1989-02-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |