JP2630424B2 - Fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fertilizer used for upland cultivation or back work of a paddy field, which is combined with an agricultural working machine having a planting device or a sowing device.

(B) Conventional technology Conventionally, fertilizers that apply fertilizer only to one side or directly below the position of seeds sown by a sowing device or the position of seedlings planted by a planting device are already known.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The above-mentioned known fertilizer applies fertilizer directly below or only to one side of the seeds or planted seedlings, but the roots of the plants do not always extend directly below or symmetrically. In addition, when performing reciprocating work, it is difficult to keep the distance between the outward and return lines constant. There is a problem that a problem occurs.

(D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention aims to solve the above problems, and has a body (1) whose rear portion is supported by at least a pair of left and right gauge wheels (15); It comprises a planting device or a seeding device (33) mounted on the body and a fertilizer device (26, 27), and the ground addition means (A) of the fertilizer device is disposed in front of the gauge wheel (15) in the running direction. At the same time, the ground addition means (B) of the planting device or the seeding device is disposed behind the gauge wheel (15) in the running direction, and the ground addition means (A) of the fertilizer application device has the rear extension line as described above. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is arranged in a symmetrical position close to the ground adding means (B) of the planting device or the seeding device.

(E) Action The airframe (1) is towed by a tractor or the like,
The rear part travels while being supported by the gauge wheel (15), the fertilizer in the form of paste is fertilized in the soil by the ground adding means (A) of the fertilizer, and the ground adding means ( Planting or sowing according to B).

At this time, even if there is unevenness in the field, the body (1) is supported by the gauge wheel (15) at the rear thereof and follows the unevenness, so that the fertilizer application is located in front and rear of the running direction across the gauge wheel. The ground adding means (A) of the apparatus and the planting apparatus and the ground adding means (B) of the sowing apparatus are also fertilized and planted or sowed at an appropriate position following the field scene.

Further, the fertilization position by the ground addition means (A) of the fertilizer device is close to the planting or sowing position and symmetrical, and is effectively fertilized according to the elongation of the substantially conical root, All plants can grow efficiently and almost evenly.

The reference numerals in the parentheses are for comparison with the drawings, but do not limit the configuration of the present invention.

(F) Embodiment One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A machine 1 of a working machine is connected to a tractor such as a tractor by a top link 2 and lower links 3, 3 so as to be able to move up and down. Is equipped with a fertilizer application device 5 and a sowing device 6, and supports a hexagonal shaft 8 by brackets 7, 7 on both front sides, and rotates a pair of left and right coulters 10, 10 consisting of a set of two disks. A support member 10b composed of a hexagonal pipe and a hexagonal column slidably fitted therein is erected on a freely supporting spindle 10a as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, it is fitted on both sides of the hexagonal shaft 8 and fastened by bolts 12 and 12 so that the movement can be adjusted, and the fitting positions of the three collars 9a, 9b and 9c are changed. The distance between the left and right coulters 10, 10 can be adjusted in four stages, and the support member 10b
The height can be adjusted by adjusting the expansion and contraction and inserting the retaining pin 10c into one of the plurality of holes, so that the coulters 10 can be used as a stand and the upper and lower fertilizing nozzles to be described later. The height can be adjusted according to the depth to prevent the fertilizer application nozzle from being damaged. Moreover, by arranging the pair on the left and right sides of the frontmost portion of the body 1, the stability of the entire apparatus can be improved.

At the center of the machine width at the lower front end of the body 1, a grounding wheel 13 having a large number of lugs is pivotally supported, and the support arms 16, 16 of the gauge wheels 15, 15 are vertically moved on both sides of the middle part of the body 1 in the front-rear direction. Adjustably supported, grooved disks 17, 17 with the rear part expanded and the rear part expanded in the rear part are arranged,
Behind them, covering earth rings 18 and 18 and crushing wheels 20 and 20 forming a pair at the front and back are supported, and a support arm 20 ′ of the crushing wheel 20 is provided.
As shown in FIG. 20, the bracket 20a is screwed to the bracket 20a so as to be vertically adjustable. The bracket 20a has a stopper 20c on the lower end front surface which abuts on the rear end of the body 1, and can be vertically tilted by a fulcrum pin 20b. Balance weight 19 to achieve optimal suppression in accordance with the type and depth of seeds that are pivoted and sown
The support rod 19a, which is mounted so that it can be adjusted back and forth, has a hanging part at the front part, and this hanging part is inserted into the bracket 20a.

The fertilizer applicator 5 includes a fertilizer tank 21 and a plurality of fertilizer pumps 23, 23 connected to suction outlets 22, 22 of the fertilizer tank 21 and formed by assembling six screw pumps. ), And upper and lower adjustment plates 24,..., 25, 25, which are attached to both sides of the body 1 so as to be vertically tiltable, and are fixed to the adjustment plates 24, 25,. And a ground application means A for fertilization comprising a lower nozzle 27.

The sowing apparatus 6 is constructed in the same manner as the sowing apparatus filed as Japanese Patent Application No. 62-82383, and a suction nozzle is provided in a seed chamber 30 connected to a seed tank 28 for storing vegetables and other seeds.
Are radially supported, and a switching valve provided on the shaft support is connected to a vacuum pump 32 via a negative pressure tank and a positive pressure tank, and an appropriate number of seeds are sucked by the suction nozzles 31. Is sucked and discharged to the seeding pipe 33 serving as the ground addition means B.

Next, the transmission will be described. The input shaft 36 of the transmission case 35 provided at the front center of the body 1 is linked to the PTO shaft projecting rearward from the rear transmission case of the tractor by a yoke joint. Chains 39, 39 are interlocked with the sprockets attached to the left and right drive shafts 37, 37 protruding from 35 and the sprockets of the speed change input shafts 38a, 38b supported below them, so that one speed change input shaft 38a and And the other speed change output shaft 40a is linked and connected via a split pulley type continuously variable transmission 41a.
0a is the intermediate fertilizer pump 2 via the intermediate shaft 42, chain 43, right and left chains 44, 44 and sprockets immediately behind it.
3 and 23, and the other shift input shaft 38b and the shift output shaft 40b behind the shift input shaft 38b are interlocked and linked via a split pulley-type continuously variable transmission 41b. Axis 4
5. Drive the input sprockets 51, 51 of the seeding device 6, 6 via the intermediate shaft 46 behind it, sprockets and chains 47, 48, 50 attached to those shafts. Above irregular anomaly device 4
Since 1a and 41b are arranged in parallel, transmission from the transmission case 35 can be easily performed in a similar manner.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, each ground addition device A of the fertilizer application device 5 inserts a fulcrum bolt 53 with a spacer interposed in a center hole at a lower end of a bracket 52 formed of a parallel plate hanging down from the body 1. With multiple colors on each end
The lower holes of the upper adjusting plates 24 and 24 and the lower adjusting plates 25 and 25 are loosely fitted through 54.
.. by changing the interposition position of the left and right nozzles 26, 27,... Forming a set as shown in FIG. The bolts 56, 56 inserted into the two round holes of the adjustment plate 24 are also inserted into the arc-shaped long holes 57, 58 formed in the bracket 52 and fastened with the nuts 60, 60. The bolts 61, 61 inserted in the round holes of the upper stage adjustment plate 24 are also inserted in the long holes 62, 62 formed in the upper front portion of the upper adjustment plate 24 and fastened with nuts 63. As shown in Fig. 5, the gap near the discharge port is bent inward to narrow the gap, and the lower nozzles 27, 27 (27a is a partition plate) are extended downward as they are, and both discharge ports are set in a rear view. As a result, the upper nozzle 26 can be vertically tilted and adjusted in the range of X in FIG. 3 and the lower nozzle 27 can be adjusted in the range of Y in FIG. Figure 6 by tilting adjusting people in (a), (b),
As shown in (c) and (d), the fertilization depth can be adjusted according to the type of crop or the field conditions.

The fertilizer pump 23 is composed of six screw pumps as described above, and their discharge ports are shown in FIGS.
As shown in Fig. 10, two lower nozzles 27, 27 forming a pair on the left and right
Are connected to the upper nozzles 26 and 26 by a hose 66, respectively, and the lower nozzles 27 and 27 are connected to the upper nozzles 26 and 26, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 11, a solenoid switching valve 67 provided with a hose 66 which is discharged twice as much as the fertilizer 26 and is connected to the upper nozzle 26 has an inflow port and two discharge ports, and a shaft 68 is provided with a rotary solenoid. The partition plate 70 is rotated in the normal or reverse direction at a fixed timing set by the 69 and the return spring 71, and one of the discharge ports is communicated with the inflow port. As shown in FIG. 9, the fertilizer which is intermittently fertilized at the positions (a) on both lower sides of the seeds sown at the sowing timing described later and which is not pumped to the upper nozzle 26 passes through the hose of the lower nozzle 27 via the hose 72.
Combine without pulsation at 65 and fertilize at (b) position.

The fertilizer applied to the upper stage is in the mode shown in FIG. 9 (a), and is appropriately fertilized without flowing down to the lower fertilization position.

However, when the fertilizer is not fertilized by being joined to the lower nozzle 27, the manual switching valve 73 is switched to recirculate to the sub-tank 23a of the fertilizing pump 23 by the hose 75, and one of the electromagnetic switching valves 67 is a rotary solenoid 69. Is ON, the electromagnetic switching valve 67 switches to feed the fertilizer to the upper nozzle 26 side via the rotating pin 69a and the arm 69b, and at the same time, the other electromagnetic switching valve 67 turns on the associated rotary solenoid 69.
Since the switch is switched to the same side by the return spring 71 when OFF, the left and right rotary solenoids 69, 69 are not turned ON at the same time, minimizing power consumption, and the ON time and OFF time of the rotary solenoid 69 are reduced. By setting the ratio and performing control described later, the discharge rate from the upper nozzle 26 can be freely selected as shown in FIG.

As described above, the pair of electromagnetic switching valves 67, 67 are interlocked, and are driven by the single rotary solenoid 69, so that there is no timing shift, and the left and right fertilizations are the same and precise fertilization is possible. .

Also, while the input shaft 36 is driven at a constant speed by the tractor PTO shaft, the traveling speed of the aircraft 1 changes due to the slip of the tractor wheels, and the fertilization amount and sowing interval vary depending on the type of crop or field conditions. Or if it is necessary to set according to other cultivation conditions, etc., and if the upper sowing position is between the previous and next sowing positions in the advancing direction of the machine, the root of the crop does not reach that position, so fertilizer is wasted .

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, a ground wheel rotation sensor 76 is provided on the shaft of the ground wheel 13, an input shaft rotation sensor 77 is provided on the speed change input shaft 38a in the fertilizer pump drive system, and a speed change output shaft 4 is provided.
An output shaft rotation sensor 78 is attached to 0a, and an input shaft rotation sensor 79 is similarly provided for the continuously variable transmission 41b in the seeding drive system.
The output shaft rotation sensor 80 is attached, and the seeding timing sensor 81 is attached to the intermediate shaft 46.

Then, the set value of the fertilizer amount setter provided in the operation unit, the set value of the seeding pitch setter, the set value of the discharge rate setter of the upper nozzle 26, and the sensors 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 Is input to a control unit comprising a microcomputer, and based on the input data, each of the continuously variable transmissions 41
a, 41b separate control motors for the drive side split pulley (rotating a cam attached to the movable half pulley to expand and contract the groove width of the drive split pulley) and rotary solenoids 69, 69 of the electromagnetic switching valves 67, 67 Is output to control the number of rotations of the fertilizing pumps 23, 23, the seeding pitch of the seeding devices 6, 6, and the discharge rate of the upper nozzle 26.

More specifically, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 15 (a), the fertilization amount control calculates a vehicle speed detection value vehicle speed V from the set value N of the fertilization amount setting device and the rotation speed of the ground wheel rotation sensor 76. The target value nt of the rotation speed of the fertilizer pump 23 is calculated from these values N and Y, and the current rotation speed n of the transmission output shaft 40a is calculated based on the detection value from the output shaft rotation sensor 78. Is read.

Then, it is determined whether or not the rotation speed n is larger than the target value nt + α. If yes, a deceleration signal is input to the control motor of the continuously variable transmission 41a. The discharge amount of 23 decreases.

When the determination is no, it is further determined whether or not the rotation speed n is smaller than the target value nt-α. If the determination is no, the control motor is stopped. That is, if the current rotation speed n is within the range of the allowable value ± α with respect to the target value nt, the control motor stops, and if yes, a speed increase signal is output to the control motor to increase the discharge amount, That is the tolerance ±
When it is within the range of α, the control motor stops.

As shown in FIG. 15 (b), the sowing pitch is controlled by setting the sowing pitch from the set value N 'of the sowing pitch setting device of the operation unit and the vehicle speed detection value from the rotation speed of the ground wheel rotation sensor 76 which is the same as during fertilization rate control. V is calculated and read, and these values N ′,
From V, a target value nt of the rotation speed of the transmission output shaft 40b is calculated,
Shift output shaft 40b based on the detection value from output shaft rotation sensor 80
The current rotational speed n is calculated and read, and thereafter, the shift of the continuously variable transmission 41b is performed in the same manner as in the fertilization amount control, and the seeding is performed at a set constant seeding pitch.

Next, the discharge rate control of the fertilizer will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17. In FIG. 17, a section from the seeding position 0 point to the conversion point toward the lower nozzle 27 side is a ₁ (t ₁ ), and a subsequent upper nozzle From the conversion point to the 26 side to the next seeding position is a
₂ (t ₂ ), seeding pitch b (tp), a = a ₁ + a ₂ , (a ₁ ≒ a
₂ ), the discharge rate of the upper nozzle 26 is a / b × 100 (%)
Therefore, the controller reads a set value M set by the upper discharge rate setter and a set value N of the seeding pitch setter, and calculates the cycle tp of the electromagnetic switching valve 67 from V and N. 2t ₁ is calculated from tp and M, and the time t from the rise (point 0) is measured by the seeding timing sensor 81.

If t is smaller than t ₁ , a control command to set the electromagnetic switching valve 67 to the upper stage is output if yes, and if no, t is compared whether t is smaller than tp−t ₁ . If determined to be no, a control command to move the electromagnetic switching valve 67 to the upper stage is output, and if yes, a control command to move the switching valve 67 to the lower stage is output, whereby the fertilizer pressure-fed to the upper nozzle 26 is output. Are distributed at the set ratio.

In the aforementioned fertilizer seeder, the input shaft 36
When the body 1 is towed while driving the vehicle, the grounding wheel 13 touches the ground to detect the traveling speed of the work machine, and the coulter 10... Partially penetrates into the cultivated soft soil to remove weeds, straws, etc. The coulters are rotated while pushing the contaminants downward, forming a coulter.
In the rear part, the upper and lower nozzles 26, 27 forming a pair on the left and right are symmetrical with respect to the seeding position, and under the control of the seeding rate and discharge rate described above, the paste-like fertilizer pumped by the fertilizer pumps 23, 23 is soiled. Fertilization is performed inside, and the fertilization position is on the hypotenuse of an isosceles triangle with the seed at the top, and parallel to the seeding row.

Immediately inside the gauge wheel 15, the grooving disk 17 is then paired with the upper and lower nozzles 26, 26, 2 on the same side.
A groove is dug in the middle part of the passing trajectory of 7,27 and slightly above the fertilizer application position in the upper stage, and in the rear part, the suction nozzle 31 of the seeding device 6... , 26 in the middle of the fertilized position and slightly above, followed by a soil covering ring 18 on which the crushing wheel 20
Will be suppressed.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the seeding device 6 is combined with the fertilizing device 5 has been described. However, the seeding is performed in a pot or the like, and the seedlings grown in a greenhouse or a nursery, or mat seedlings are planted in a field by a planting device. In addition, the same result can be obtained by combining this planting device with the fertilizer application device 5,
The sowing pitch is replaced with a planting pitch, and the sowing timing sensor is replaced with a planting timing sensor or the like.

The fertilizer to be fertilized is a pasty fertilizer, a fertilizer obtained by appropriately diluting the pasty fertilizer, a granular fertilizer, or other forms.

(G) Effect of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the machine equipped with the planting device or the seeding device travels with the rear portion supported by the gauge wheel, so that even if the field has irregularities, Follow the irregularities, so that the ground addition means of the fertilizer applicator and the planting equipment and the seeding equipment of the seeding apparatus, which are located in front and rear of the gauge wheel in the front and rear direction, also follow the field scene and are located at appropriate positions. Fertilized and planted or sown.

In addition, since the ground addition means of the fertilizer is arranged at a position where the rear extension line is symmetrical near the ground addition means of the planting device or the seeding device, the fertilization position is rooted from the seeded seed. Or at the appropriate position on both sides of the roots of the planted seedlings, where they are easily absorbed, and they are symmetrical. And can be grown evenly.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a side view of a fertilizer sowing machine, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an arrangement and a transmission device of each device, and FIG. Side view of the
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
(A), (b), (c), (d) are side views showing the fertilizer nozzle mounting angle adjustment, FIG. 7 is a fertilizer circuit diagram, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the fertilizer application position for the sown seed, 9 (a) is a sectional view taken along the line BB of the above, (b) is a sectional view taken along the line CC, FIG. 10 is a transverse sectional view showing the relationship between the fertilizing pump, the fertilizing nozzle and the seeding position, and FIG. 11 (a). ) Is a left side view of the fertilizer pump, (b) is a vertical sectional view of the same, (c) is a right side view of the same,
(D) is a sectional view taken along line DD of (b), (e) is a sectional view taken along line EE, FIG. 12 is an output diagram of a rotary solenoid, FIG. 13 is a drive system diagram of a fertilizer application pump, and FIG. ) Is a seeding drive system diagram, (b) is a plan view of a grounding wheel rotation sensor, FIG. 15 (a) is a flowchart of fertilization control, (b) is a partially omitted seeding control flowchart, and FIG. 16 is a discharge rate. Fig. 17 is a control flow chart, Fig. 17 is a drawing showing the relationship between the seeding pitch and fertilization, Fig. 18 (a) is a sectional view taken along the line FF of the above, (b) is a sectional view taken along the line GG of the same, Fig. 19 (a) Is a front view showing a partial cross section of the coulter support device, (b) is a side view of the same, FIG. 20 (a) is a plan view of a compression wheel support device, (b) is a side view of the same, and (c) is a rear view of the same FIG. 1 ... machine, 5 ... fertilizer application device, 6 ... sowing device, 10 ...
Coulter, 13 ... Ground wheel, 15 ... Gauge wheel, 17 ...
Mizouki Dizuku, 18… Covering wheel, 20… Repressor wheel, 21… Fertilizer tank, 23… Fertilizer pump, 26 …… Upper nozzle, 27…
… Lower nozzle, 31… Suction nozzle, 33… Seeding pipe, 35…
… Transmission case, 38a, 38b… Shift input shaft, 40a, 40b… Shift output shaft, 41a, 41b …… Stepless transmission, 42,45,46 …… Intermediate shaft, 67 …… Electromagnetic switching valve, 69 …… Rotary solenoid,
76… Ground wheel rotation sensor, 77,79… Input shaft rotation sensor, 78,80… Output shaft rotation sensor, 81… Seeding timing sensor

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihisa Yurino 667 Iida-cho, Oji-ku, Higashi-Izumo-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane Inside Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Hiroshi Momono 420-No. No. (56) References Japanese Utility Model 60-147211 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 62-42718 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 63-33738 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model 59-13772 (JP, Y1)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A body supported at least by a pair of left and right gauge wheels at a rear portion, a planting device or a seeding device mounted on the body, and a fertilizer, and a ground adding means of the fertilizer is provided. The ground addition means of the planting device or the seeding device is arranged rearward in the running direction of the gauge wheel, and the ground addition means of the fertilizer application device is arranged in front of the gauge wheel in the running direction. A fertilizer applicator, wherein the fertilizer is disposed in a symmetrical position close to a ground adding means of a planting device or a seeding device.