JP2604015B2 - Distribution line monitoring system - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a distribution line monitoring system.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, monitoring and control of a distribution line network controlled by one sales office are collectively performed by that sales office. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, a communication network 4 is provided in parallel with the distribution network 1, and this communication network 4 detects a ground fault or the like of the distribution line, and each switch 2 provided on the distribution line. A large number of slave stations 3 having functions such as opening and closing driving are connected to business offices 5. One host computer 6 installed in the sales office 5 receives data from each slave station 3 via the communication device 7, and based on the data, the host computer 6 transmits each switch via each slave station 3. A so-called single processor system that controls the opening and closing of the 2 is adopted. Since the operation of each switch 2 of the distribution network 1 is processed by one host computer 6, the host computer 6 needs to be very large.

In addition, when a wide range of the distribution network 1 is monitored by one host computer 6 and the host computer 6 fails for some reason, a backup large-scale backup system having the same processing capacity is used to back up the failure. It is also considered to adopt a duplex system equipped with a computer.

In this case, the ability to control the distribution network 1 in a duplex system is twice as large as that in a single processor system. Assuming that the failure rate Y per computer is a, the failure rate Y of each computer is a for both the single processor system and the duplex system, but the failure rate Z of the entire distribution line monitoring system is a single processor system. Is the failure rate Zs of the duplex system failure rate Zd
It will be a ^2. For example, when a = 0.05, Zs = a = 5.0 × 10 ⁻² Zd = a ² = 2.5 × 10 ⁻³ , and it can be seen that the failure rate is much smaller in the duplex system.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the duplex system uses two very expensive computers, and the construction of a network of large computers is very expensive, so that the duplex system is twice as expensive as the single processor system described above. The above costs were required, and there was a problem in terms of cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a distribution line monitoring system capable of solving the above problems, constructing a reliable monitoring system at a low cost, and reducing the failure rate of the entire system.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a distribution network assigned to one monitoring station, a driving unit for driving distribution equipment provided on each distribution line, and the distribution system. A slave station having a detecting means for detecting a failure of an electric wire, and a communication network connecting the computer of the monitoring station and the slave station, and inputting the detection data of the detecting means of each slave station to the computer; In the distribution line monitoring system that determines the distribution device to be drive-controlled based on the detection data and drives and controls the distribution device via the driving unit of the slave station, the distribution network is divided into a plurality of small distribution networks. A small computer is provided for each of the small communication networks that are divided according to the divided small distribution network, and each computer monitors the allocated small distribution network.
Each computer has a processing ability to monitor at least two small distribution networks, has a function to back up at least one other computer, and monitors each other by computers via a communication network connecting the computers. The main point is to meet each other.

[Operation] Each computer monitors the allocated small power distribution network via a communication network connecting the computer and slave stations.
When a failure occurs in a distribution line, the distribution device provided in the distribution line is driven and controlled so that power transmission in the small distribution line network under its control is always performed optimally.

Each computer has the processing capability of monitoring at least two small distribution networks, and monitors each other's status via a communication network connecting the computers. Therefore, even if for some reason any computer cannot monitor the sub-distribution network under its jurisdiction, another computer with sufficient processing capacity will take over monitoring of the sub-distribution network. Therefore, they can complement each other so that the monitoring system of the distribution network controlled by one monitoring station is not affected.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a monitoring station W and a distribution network N monitored by the monitoring station W. The distribution network N receives power from a substation S, and a number of switches 11 as distribution equipment are arranged in the distribution network N. Have been. The distribution network N is divided into four small distribution networks n1 to n4 in this embodiment.

In parallel with each small distribution network n1 to n4, as a small communication network,
The parent-child transmission lines m1 to m4 are provided side by side, and each of the parent-child transmission lines m1 to m4 is provided with a remote monitoring control device slave station 12 (hereinafter simply referred to as a slave station) provided corresponding to the switch 11 respectively.
Are arranged in large numbers.

The parent-child transmission line m1 is a corresponding remote monitoring control device master station P1.
(Hereinafter, simply referred to as a master station), and the master station P1 can perform alternate data communication with each slave station 12 connected to the same transmission path m1. Similarly, each of the other parent-child transmission lines m2 to m4 is provided with a corresponding master station P2 to P4, and the same master stations P2 to P4 are connected to the respective slave stations 12 connected to the same transmission lines m2 to m4, respectively. Alternate data communication is possible.

Further, the respective master stations P1 to P4 are connected to each other by an inter-master transmission line k, and the respective microcomputers C1 to C4 described later can communicate with each other via the inter-master transmission line k.

To the respective master stations P1 to P4, distribution line operation processing devices C1 to C4 (hereinafter, referred to as microcomputers) mainly including microcomputers are respectively connected. Each microcomputer C1
The processing capacity of ~ C4 has the ability to monitor and control two small distribution lines.

Therefore, when the distribution network N is divided into four, the monitoring station W
Is composed of four master stations P1 to P4, four microcomputers C1 to C4, and an inter-master transmission line k.

In this embodiment, an optical communication system is employed for the parent-child transmission lines m1 to m4 and the parent transmission line k.

Next, the configuration of each slave station 12 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3 shows the electrical configuration of one slave station 12 provided in the small distribution network n1, and includes a communication device 31, a control unit 32, various sensor groups 33 as detection means for detecting the current and voltage of the distribution line. And a driving unit 34 as driving means.

The communication device 31 has a mutual conversion function between an optical communication signal and an electric signal, and is connected to the parent-child transmission line m1.

The control unit 32 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
The state of the distribution line current, voltage, phase, etc. is calculated based on the detection signal from the sensor group 33, and the state of the distribution line at the same distribution line position is transmitted to the corresponding master station P1 via the communication device 31. . Further, the control unit 32 reads control data from the master station P1 via the communication device 31, and controls opening and closing of the switch 11 via the driving unit 34 based on the data.

Next, the configuration of each of the master stations P1 to P4 will be described in detail.
Since the configurations of the master stations P1 to P4 are substantially the same, only the master station P1 will be described for convenience of explanation.

As shown in FIG. 2, the master station P1 is composed of five units each including a communication device 21, a communication control unit 22, and a dual port RAM 23 (hereinafter, referred to as DPR).

One of the units exchanges data between the microcomputer C1 and the microcomputers C2 to C4 of the other master stations P2 to P4, and the data is temporarily stored in the DPR23. Another unit exchanges data between the microcomputer C1 and each slave station 12 of the corresponding parent-child transmission line m1. still,
The other three units use parent-child transmission line m2 for backup.
It is also provided to exchange data with each of the slave stations 12 of ~ m4.

Each communication device 21 has a mutual conversion function between an optical communication signal and an electric signal, and is connected to the corresponding transmission lines m1 to m4, k.

Each DPR 23 is a RAM that can simultaneously respond to accesses from both the microcomputer C1 and the corresponding communication control unit 22.

Each communication control unit 22 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. The communication control unit 22 writes communication information (information from each slave station 12) from the transmission lines m1 to m4 and k in charge of itself into the DPR 23 and
1 to provide information to the DPR23, reprocess the information written to the DPR23 as a control command for each slave station 12 from the microcomputer C1, and transmit communication information to the transmission path m1 to m4, k in charge of the self, etc. Performs relay control for communication.

Next, the operation of the monitoring system configured as described above will be described. For convenience of explanation, the master station P1 shown in FIG.
Only the microcomputer C1 will be described.

In the distribution line monitoring system shown in FIG. 1, the microcomputer C1 normally monitors only the small distribution line installation n1. in this case,
Of the four units connected to the parent-child transmission line of the master station P1, the only unit that is the source of the control command is the unit responsible for communication with the parent-child transmission line m1, and the remaining three units Is waiting for an instruction from the microcomputer C1. Further, the unit in charge of communication with the parent transmission path k always exchanges information with the other microcomputers C2 to C4.

The unit connected to the parent-child transmission line m1 is a communication device 21
As shown in FIG. 4, individual slave station data transferred from all slave stations 12 serving as communication information is collectively received as a series of data groups (data frames) FD as shown in FIG.
Writes the data frame FD to the DPR23.

In this embodiment, the slave station data of each slave station 12 constituting the data frame FD is, as shown in FIG. 4, identification data FD1 for identifying the slave station, and control data F for controlling the switch 11.
D2, state of switch 11 and detection data FD of various sensor groups 33
Consists of three.

As soon as the microcomputer C1 knows that writing to the DPR 23 communicating with the parent-child transmission line m1 has been performed by the communication control unit 22, the microcomputer C1 accesses the DPR 23 and reads slave station data relating to the state of each slave station 12, and Based on this, the optimum state of each switch 12 of the small distribution line installation n1 is calculated. Then, the microcomputer C1 communicates the operation result as a control command to the parent-child transmission line m1.
Rewrite the data frame written to DPR23. That is, the control data in the slave station data of the slave station 12 to be controlled is
Rewrite FD.

The data frame in which the control command has been rewritten is transmitted by the communication control unit 22 via the communication device 21 to the parent-child transmission line m1.
And transmitted to each slave station 12. And each slave station 12
Reads the own slave station data in the transferred data frame, drives and controls the switch 11 according to the content of the control data, rewrites the state of the distribution line at that time as new detection data, and Transfer to

On the other hand, in the inter-parent transmission line k, information on each of the master stations P1 to P4, that is, which small distribution network n1 to n4 is shared by each of the master stations P1 to P4, the load of each of the microcomputers C1 to C4 is Information such as how much is constantly transmitted as a series of data groups (data frames).

The units connected to the master transmission line k are the master stations P1
When information about P4 is received as a data frame,
Once stored in the RAM of the communication control unit 22, information on the microcomputer C other than the microcomputer C1 directly connected to the unit itself is stored in the DPR23
Write to. Then, the information of the DPR23 is transmitted to the parent transmission path k together with the information on the microcomputer C1 written in the DPR23 by the microcomputer C1. Therefore, the data frame flowing on the parent transmission path k is updated each time it passes through each of the parent stations P1 to P4.

The microcomputer C1 reads the DPR23 of the unit connected to the parent transmission path k, knows the states of the other microcomputers C2 to C4, and informs the other microcomputers C2 to C4 of its own state by writing to this DPR23. .

Further, the microcomputer C1 monitors the load status of the other microcomputers C2 to C4, occurrence of a failure, and the like based on the data flowing through the parent transmission path k. When the failure of other microcomputers C2 to C4 is discovered, only the small distribution network n1 in charge of itself is monitored, and if the load on the own microcomputer is light, the microcomputer C1 has a failure or is in a high load state. (E.g., the microcomputer C2) monitors the small power distribution network n2 that has been monitored, and notifies the other microcomputers C2 to C4 that the load on the network has increased due to the monitoring.

On the other hand, the microcomputer C1 writes in the DPR23 for the unit in charge of the monitored small distribution network n2, which is in the command waiting state in the master station P1, and thereby the unit itself becomes That the transmission source is to the inter-transmission line m2.

Then, this unit converts the control command written in the control command area of the DPR23 and the individual data transferred from all the slave stations of the parent-child transmission line m2 also stored in the slave station state area of the DPR23 into a data frame. Is sent out. In this way, the monitoring of the small distribution network n2 that has been undertaken for monitoring is started.

On the other hand, the unit which is not the transmission source and is still in the command waiting state writes only the portion relating to the slave station state of the received data frame into the DPR 23, and always keeps its own small distribution network (in this case, n3, n4 ) Is updated, and the received data frame is transmitted as it is to the parent-child transmission lines m3 and m4.

In addition, the microcomputer C1 processes the information of the DPR23 of the unit connected to each of the transmission paths m1 to m4, displays the information on a CRT or the like, and provides the supervisor with a distribution line under the jurisdiction of the monitoring station W to which the supervisor belongs. It provides information on the power distribution control status of the network N and automatically executes an accident recovery or a work power outage of the small distribution network under its control.

In the distribution line monitoring system configured as described above, it is easy to reconfigure the system such as expansion by simply changing the relay point of the transmission line, and it is excellent in expandability and flexibility.

Further, since each of the microcomputers C1 to C4 can only share one quarter of the distribution network N to be monitored, the size of the software is small, and the productivity and maintainability of the software are improved.

Furthermore, since mutual monitoring is performed between the microcomputers C1 to C4, not only the reliability of the entire system is improved, but also by dividing the distribution network N into an appropriate number, The system can be constructed at low cost. These points will be described below using specific examples.

First, how the reliability of the entire system is improved will be described in comparison with a conventional example.

If the capacity of a computer for monitoring the entire distribution network N is p and the number of divisions of the distribution network N is M, each microcomputer has the ability to monitor two small distribution networks. Can be expressed as 2p / M. Assuming that the failure rate Y per capacity p is a, the failure rate Yc of one microcomputer C is 2a / M. Assuming that i of the M microcomputers has failed,
The probability u1 that the i-th unit fails and the probability u2 that the remaining microcomputers operate normally can be expressed as follows.

u1 = (2a / M) ⁱ u2 = (1-2a / M) ^Mi Also, since each microcomputer has the ability to monitor two small distribution networks n, half of the M microcomputers are down. However, since it does not hinder the operation of the system,
The failure rate Zm of the entire system of the present embodiment can be evaluated as follows.

Table 1 below shows the calculation results (when a = 0.05) when the conventional system and the system of this embodiment fail.

From Table 1, it can be seen that in the system of the present embodiment, the failure rate Zm dramatically decreases as the number of divisions M increases.

Next, the economics viewed from the system construction cost will be described in comparison with the conventional example.

Assuming that the capability of a computer is p (the unit is MIPS), it is proposed that the cost f (p) per computer can be expressed as f (p) = 60.37 × p ^2.03 (unit is 10,000 yen).

Here, p is the capacity of the computer required to monitor and control the entire distribution network N, M is the number of divisions of the distribution network N as described above, and communication between master stations per computer is performed. Assuming that the equipment cost is g (10,000 yen), the construction cost Q of the entire monitoring station system is expressed as follows.

In other words, the single processor system construction cost Qs
Is: Qs = f (p) The construction cost Qd of the duplex system is: Qd = 2 · f (p) + 2 · g The construction cost Qm of the system of the above embodiment is: Qm = M · f (2p / M) + M G can be expressed as

It is assumed that 1000 slave stations are arranged in the distribution network n, and the computer capacity required to monitor and control these is estimated to be p = 8 (MIPS), and g = 100 (million yen). Table 2 shows the results of trial calculations for each system.

As can be seen from Table 2, if the number of divisions M is set to about 8 to 20, the system of the present embodiment can be constructed at a lower cost than any of the single processor system and the duplex system, and is economically advantageous. But very good.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
The present invention may be implemented in the following modes.

In the above embodiment, three units are added so that the other three small distribution networks can be backed up. However, only one predetermined unit may be backed up. Further, the data communication method may be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the distribution line monitoring device of the present invention, the distribution network controlled by one monitoring station is divided into a plurality of small distribution networks, and these are monitored by at least two small distribution networks. In addition to monitoring by multiple computers that have the same processing capability, the computers also monitor each other, so that even if a part of the system fails, the monitoring system of the distribution network will not be affected, and There is an excellent effect that the probability of occurrence of a failure that may hinder the monitoring system of the electric wire network is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional distribution line monitoring device.

Further, since the distribution network is divided and monitored by a plurality of computers, it is easy to add computers and a small distribution network, and the system is excellent in scalability and flexibility in restructuring the system. Further, since the processing capacity of one computer does not require a large capacity as in the related art, if the number of divisions is set appropriately, there is also the economical efficiency that a system can be constructed at a lower facility cost than in the related art.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIGS. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is a schematic diagram showing the distribution line monitoring system and the distribution line network.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a master station, FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a slave station, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a data communication system between the parent and child, and FIG. It is the schematic which shows a power generation network. 11 Switchgear as distribution equipment 12 Slave station 33 Sensor group 34 as detection means Driving unit C1 to C4 as driving means Microcomputer as computer k Communication network connecting computers Parent-child transmission line m1 to m4 as small communication network N1 to distribution line network n1 to n4 small distribution network

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A distribution network (N) assigned to one monitoring station, a driving means (34) for driving a distribution device (11) provided for each distribution line, and detecting a fault in the distribution line. A slave station (12) provided with a detecting means (33) for performing the monitoring, and a communication network connecting the computer of the monitoring station and the slave station (12);
The detection data of the detection means (33) of each slave station (12) is input to the computer, and the computer determines a power distribution device (11) to be driven and controlled based on the detection data, and the power distribution device (11) The slave station (12) driving means (34)
In the distribution line monitoring system that drives and controls the network, the distribution line network (N) is divided into a plurality of small power generation line networks (n1 to n4), and the divided small distribution line networks (n1 to n4) are supported. One computer (C1 to C4) is provided for each small communication network (m1 to m4) classified as
4) let each computer (C1-C4) monitor its assigned sub-distribution network (n1-n4), and have the processing capability to monitor at least two sub-distribution networks (n1-n4); It has a function to back up at least one other computer (C1 to C4) and monitors each other by the computers (C1 to C4) via a communication network (k) connecting the computers (C1 to C4). A distribution line monitoring system characterized by being fitted.