JPH0433526A - System for monitoring working condition in distribution line - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable failure ratio as an entire system to be reduced by allowing each computer to be in charge of one small distribution line network which other computers should be in charge of as well as a small distribution network which it should be in charge of when other computers are in emergency. CONSTITUTION:When a microcomputer MC1 detects that a failure occurs in a second microcomputer MC2 which other small distribution line networks n2-n4 are in charge, it is currently not in charge of the small distribution line networks n2-n4 other than a small distribution line network n1 which it is in charge of and it issues a command to a control unit U3 to be connected to the small distribution line network n2 concerned when it determines that it is capable of handling the small distribution line network n2 concerned for itself, thus enabling succeeding monitoring control of the small distribution line network n2 concerned to be initiated. Further, the microcomputer MC1 notifies other microcomputers MC2-MC4 of the increase of its load.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides an operating status monitoring system for a power distribution line that remotely monitors and controls the operating status of a power distribution line to maintain the distribution line in an optimum operating state at all times. It is related to.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, the operational status of the power distribution network under the jurisdiction of one monitoring station has been monitored all at once.

That is, as shown in FIG. The slave station 53 is connected to the monitoring station S (J communication line 54). It has functions such as opening and closing.

The data from each slave station 53 is received by one host computer I-(C installed at the monitoring station S via the communication device 55. The host computer HC receives the data from each slave station 53 based on the received data. In other words, conventionally, a so-called single processor system has been adopted in which the operation of each switch 51 of the distribution network N is processed by one host computer HC, and the processing is This required the host computer I-IC to be very large.

In addition, when monitoring a wide range of power distribution networks, etc.
It has also been proposed to adopt a duplex system equipped with a large backup computer having the same processing power in order to back up one host I computer if it breaks down for some reason.

In a duplex system, the power to control the electrical grid is doubled compared to a single processor system.

Also, if the failure rate Y per computer is a, then
The failure rate Y of each computer is a in both the single processor system and the duplex system. However, regarding the failure rate Z of the power distribution and line monitoring system as a whole, the failure rate Zs of the single processor system is a, and the failure rate Zd of the duplex system is a2. For example, if a=0.05, Zs=a=5.
0X10-2 Zd=a2=2.5X], 0-3, and it can be seen that the failure rate is much smaller in the duplex system.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, the duplex system uses two very expensive computers, and building a network of large computers is extremely expensive, so the single processor system described above is not suitable. The cost was more than twice that of the previous model, and the cost of the entire system was extremely problematic.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an operation status monitoring system for power distribution lines that can solve the problem described in item 1, build a system that can perform reliable monitoring at low cost, and reduce the failure rate of the entire system. It is about providing.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the object described in item 1, the first invention divides the distribution line network into M small distribution line networks and establishes a small communication network for each small distribution line network. At the same time, one computer is assigned to each communication network, one computer can control one small distribution network via the small communication network, and each computer can control the second small distribution network. In addition to enabling computers to exchange information with each other, in the event of an emergency, the other computer will be able to handle the small distribution network that it should be in charge of, in addition to the small distribution network that it should be in charge of. It also controls the electric wire network.

In addition to the first invention, the second invention provides that the second remote monitoring and control means is provided with a master station disposed between each computer and each small communication network, and each master station is provided with a master station between the computers. A control unit for communicating information is provided, and the control unit is provided with a dual portram that can be accessed from both the computer directly connected to the master station and other computers.

In a third invention, in addition to the first and second inventions, M separate control units are disposed in each master station corresponding to the small distribution network, and each control unit has the master station connected to the master station. A dual portram is provided that allows bidirectional access between the directly connected computer and the first remote monitoring and control means on the small communication network that the computer is in charge of.

[Effect]

In the first invention, each computer always monitors and controls one small distribution network that it is responsible for. Part 1-
So, each computer can respond to other computers' emergencies by
In addition to the small distribution network that it is in charge of, it also takes charge of the small distribution network that should be handled by other computers.

In the second aspect of the invention, a computer directly connected to the master station to which the dual port RAM belongs reads and writes data to the dual port RAM of the control means, and also reads and writes data to and from other computers.

In the third aspect of the invention, a computer directly connected to the master station to which the dual port RAM belongs reads and writes data to the dual port RAM of another control means, and another computer also reads and writes data.

〔Example〕

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the operating status monitoring system for power distribution lines according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

As shown in FIG. 2, the distribution network N that receives power from the substation is divided into M (four in this embodiment), that is, first to fourth small distribution networks n1 to n4. and corresponding to each small distribution network n1~]]4, the small
Fourth parent-child transmission lines m1 to m4 are arranged in parallel. A large number of switches 1 as power distribution equipment are arranged in the three small distribution network n1 to n4, and a switch 1 is arranged in each parent-child transmission line m1 to m4.
A large number of slave stations C constituting the first remote monitoring and control means are arranged correspondingly. Each parent-child transmission line ml=m4 is connected to a monitoring station S such as a business office or substation via first to fourth communication lines T1 to T4.

As shown in FIG. 1, the monitoring station S has the small distribution network n1
~n4, the same number (four), that is, first to fourth master stations P1 to P4 are provided. First to fourth microcomputers MCI to MC4 as power distribution line operation processing devices are connected to each of the master stations P1 to P4, corresponding to each of the master stations P1 to P4. Note that the microcomputers MO1 to MC4 are connected to the master stations P1 to P4.
Together, they constitute a second remote monitoring and control means.

Each master station P1 to P4 includes a first to fifth control unit U1.
~U5 is located. The first control units U1 are connected to each other via a master transmission line W on one side, and are connected to the first to fourth microcomputers MCI to MC4 on the other side.
It is connected to the.

Each second control unit U2 is connected on the one hand to said first communication line T1 via a connecting line. Similarly, each third control unit U3, each fourth control unit U4, and each fifth control unit U5 are connected on one side to the second to fourth communication lines T2 to T4 via connection lines. ing. Further, the second to fifth control units U2 to U5 are connected to the microcomputers MCI to MC4 on the other hand.

As a result, via the connection line and communication lines T1 to T4,
Communication between each master station P1 to P4 and the slave station C on each parent-child transmission path m1 to m4 is enabled, and the master stations P1 to P4
Information such as the status of the switch 1 and accidents in the small distribution networks n1 to n4 can be exchanged between each microcomputer MC1 to MC4 and the slave station C on each parent-child transmission line m1 to m4 via the microcontroller 4. has been done. Furthermore, the master stations P1 to P4 are enabled to communicate with each other via the master transmission path W, and the first control unit U
1 and the microcontrollers MCI to MC4 via the parent transmission line W.
are mutually aware of the status of self and other microcontrollers MCI to MC4 (
It is possible to exchange information regarding current loads, failures, etc.

In the above, the first master station Pi is always in charge of monitoring and controlling the first small distribution network n1 via the second control unit U2. The second master station P2 is always connected to the third control unit 1-
It is in charge of monitoring and controlling the second small distribution network n2 via U3. The third master station P3 is always in charge of monitoring and controlling the third small distribution network n3 via the fourth control unit U4. The fourth master station P4 is always in charge of monitoring and controlling the fourth small distribution network n4 via the fifth control unit U5. and,
Three other control units U2 in each master station P1 to P4
~U5 is not always in charge of monitoring and controlling the small distribution networks n1 to n4 and is in a standby state.

In addition, each microcomputer MCl-MC4 has two small distribution network n1
It has the ability to simultaneously monitor and control all slave stations C on ~n4, and is always connected to a predetermined small distribution network n1~n via a predetermined control unit (U2~U5) in the corresponding master station P1~P4.
Responsible for processing only 4. However, each microcomputer MCI~
MC4Lk, in case of emergency (for example, if another microcontroller MCl
- At the time of failure of MC4), among the control units U2 to U5 in standby state in the corresponding master stations P1 to P4, the microcontroller MCI to MC4 related to the failure is connected to the small distribution network n1 to n4 which should be in charge. It is also possible to take charge of the same small distribution networks n1 to n4 via the control units U2 to U5.

Each of the microcomputers MCl-MC4 includes an operation panel 2 for the supervisor to input commands to the microcomputers MCI-MC4.
A monitoring monitor 3 such as a CRT is connected as a means of transmitting monitoring information from the microcomputers MCI to MC4.

In addition, in this embodiment, the parent-child transmission lines m1 to m
An optical communication system is adopted as the transmission line W between the transmission line 4 and the coarse transmission line W.

As shown in FIG. 3, the first control unit Ul in each master station P1 to P4 has an input/output port 4 connected to the coarse transmission line W. A central processing unit CPU5 is connected to the port 4, and connected to the CPU5 are an R and OM 6 in which programs for processing by the CPU 5 are stored in advance, and a readable and writable memory RAM 7. Further, the CPU 5 is connected to one port of a dual port RAM (hereinafter referred to as DPR) 8 that can read and write information from both directions. The other port of DPR8 is connected to the microcomputers MCI to MC4.

The second control unit 1-U2 in each parent station P1-P4 has an input/output port 4 connected to the communication lines T1-T4 of the parent-child transmission lines m1-m4. Similar to the first control unit U1, the CPU 5 is connected to the port 4, and the CPU 5 is connected to one port of the ROM 6, RA, M7, and DPR8.

The other port of DPR8 is connected to microcomputers MCI to MC4. Since the third to fifth control units U3 to U5 have the same configuration as the second control unit U2, the explanation thereof will be omitted for convenience of explanation.

The processing of the first control unit) U] will be described below. Note that, for convenience of explanation, only the case of the first master station P1 will be described, but similar processing is performed in the other master stations P2 to P4.

On the parent-child transmission line W, as shown in FIG. 4(a),
Data Fal containing information regarding each master station P1 to P4 and the microcomputers MCI to MC4 directly connected to the same master stations P1 to P4
A data frame Fa consisting of Fa4 is being communicated.

When the first control unit U1 in the master station Pi receives the data frame Fa through the input/output port 4, it temporarily writes the data frame Fa into the RAM 7.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4(b), the control unit U1 receives data Fa related to the microcomputer MCI directly connected to the master station P1.
Data other than l, that is, other three microcomputers MC2~
Data regarding MC4 Fa2 to Fa4 are RA, M7
transcribed from to DPR8.

On the other hand, the control unit U1 is a microcomputer M in the DPRB.
Rewrite the data Fal regarding CI to the latest data and update the previous data. Then, as shown in FIG. 4(c), the control unit U] controls the data Fa1 to
Fa4 is transmitted as a data frame Fa to the master stations located downstream (in this case, the second to fourth master stations P2 to P4).

Thereby, the microcomputer MCI can access the control unit U1 in the directly connected master station P1, PR8, and know the status of the other microcomputers MC2 to MC4. Also, the microcomputer MC] sends the latest data Fal about itself to D.
By writing 1 to P R, 8, other microcontroller MC
2 to MC4 can be informed of their own status.

The processing of the second to fifth control units U2 to U5 will be described below. For convenience of explanation, only the case of the first parent-child transmission path m1 will be described below.

First, at the start of supervisory control, the microcomputer MC directly connected to the first master station P writes to DPR8 of the second control unit U2 in the first master station P1, and the unit U2 becomes the transmission source of the operation command signal of the first parent-child transmission line m1. As a result, from now on, the second
The control unit 1-U2 starts monitoring and controlling the first parent-child transmission line m1.

In addition, on the parent-child transmission path ml, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, identification data F for identifying each slave station C is provided.
D1, operation command data FD2 for issuing an operation command to each slave station C, and slave station state data FD3 representing the state of the switch 1 corresponding to each slave station C, a series of data frames FD are transmitted and received.

When the second control unit U2, which is the transmission source, receives the data frame FD from the slave station C through the input/output port 4,
Once the data frame FD is stored in R, A M7, the slave station status data FD3 in the same data frame FD is transferred to DPR.
The data is transferred to the slave station status area within 8. On the other hand, microcomputer MCI
reads the slave station state data FD3 in the DPR8, and calculates the optimum state of each switch 1 of the small distribution network n1 based on this. Then, the microcomputer MCI writes this calculation result as the operation command data FD2 to the operation command area in the DPR8.
Update. Then, the second control unit U2
A data frame FD including the latest operation command data FD2 in R8 and slave station status data FD3 is sent to the first parent-child transmission path m1.

The control units U3 to U5 other than the transmission source temporarily store the child station status data FD3 in the data frame FD received from the second to fourth parent-child transmission paths m2 to m4 in the RA and M7 in the same manner as above. After that, it is transferred to the slave station status area of DPR8, and the received data frame FI) stored in RAM7 is transferred to the downstream master station P2~
Similar processing is performed at the downstream master stations P2 to P4.

In addition, when the microcomputer MCI learns through the first control unit that any of the other microcomputers MC2 to MC3 has failed or has fallen into a state of overload, etc. 1 parent-child transmission line m2~m
When it is determined that the microcomputer MCI can take charge of the parent-child transmission lines m2 to m4 at the same time, the microcomputer MCI writes to the DPR8 of the control units U3 to U5 corresponding to the parent-child transmission lines m2 to m4 in question. As a result, the control units U3 to U5 learn that they have become the source of the operation command signal for the parent-child transmission lines m2 to m4 in question, and in the same way as above, the control units U3 to U5
U5 starts monitoring and controlling the parent-child transmission lines m2 to m4 in question.

Next, the configuration of each slave station C will be explained with reference to FIG.

Each slave station C has an input/output port 9 connected to the parent-child transmission lines m1 to m4. The same port 9 has a central processing unit CP.
A ROM II in which a program for processing by the CPU 10 is stored in advance and a readable and writable memory RAM 12 are connected to the CPU 10. The CPU 10 also has the current value and voltage value of the switch 1,
Alternatively, a sensor group 13 that detects zero-phase voltage or the like is connected. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the CPU 10 transmits the status of the switch 1 detected by the sensor group 13 to the master stations P1 to P4 as the slave station status data FD3. . Further, the CPU 10 includes a drive section 14.
is connected, and the drive unit 14 is also connected to the switch 1, so that the switch 1 is driven via the drive unit 14 based on operation command data FD2 from the master stations P1 to P4. .

Next, the operation of the operating status monitoring system for the power distribution line configured as described above will be explained below. In addition,
For convenience of explanation, only the case of the first small distribution network n1 will be explained.

Normally, the microcomputer MCI monitors only the first small distribution network n1 via the second control unit 1-U2 in the master station P1. At this time, the other three control units U3 to U5
is in standby state. On the other hand, information is always exchanged between the microcomputers MCI to MG4, and the statuses of the other three microcomputers MC2 to MC4 are always input to the microcomputer MCI.

When the sensor group 13 detects that a failure has occurred in any part of the small distribution network n1, the corresponding slave station C rewrites the slave station status data FD3 in the data frame FD and transmits it to the master station P1. The updated slave station data FD3 is then written to DPR8 of the control unit U2 of the master station P1.

Then, the microcomputer MCI accesses the DPR8 and writes new operation command data FD2 corresponding to the updated slave station data FD3 into the DPR8. And control unit U
2 transmits the data frame FD containing the updated operation command data FD2 to the corresponding slave station C.

As a result, the slave station C drives the switch 1 to open and close, and records the state of the distribution line at that time as new slave station status data F.
As D3, the data frame FD is rewritten and sent again to the master station P1. Thereafter, the monitoring control of the small power distribution network n1 continues to be performed in the same manner.

Note that similar operations are performed on the other three small distribution networks 112 to n4.

When the microcomputer MCI detects that a failure has occurred in the microcomputer in charge of other small distribution networks n2 to n4, for example, the second mark controller MC2, it If the microcomputer MCI is not currently in charge of the distribution networks n2 to n4 and determines that it has the capacity to handle the small distribution network n2 in question, the microcomputer MCI connects the control unit U3 to the small distribution network n2 in question. issued a command to D.
Rewrite the corresponding area of PR8. Thereby, this control unit U3 starts the subsequent monitoring control of the small distribution network n2 in question based on the data frame FD stored in the DPR8. Furthermore, the microcomputer MCI notifies the other microcomputers MC2 to MC4 that its own load has increased.

The other two control units U4 and U5, which have not yet become transmission sources, are the small power distribution network n3, which will be in charge of itself in the event of a failure of another microcomputer, after the microcomputer MC is restored.
The data frame FD regarding n4 is constantly updated.

The microcomputer MCI processes the information in the DPRB of the control unit (U2) connected to each parent-child transmission path m1, displays it on the monitoring monitor 3, and informs the supervisor about the power distribution control status of the power distribution network N. Provide information.

In the operation status monitoring system for power distribution lines configured as described above, the system can be easily reconfigured such as expansion by simply changing the relay points of the transmission lines m1 to m4, and the system can be expanded and made more flexible. Excellent in sex.

In addition, since each microcontroller MCI to MC4 is only in charge of one of the divided small distribution networks n1 to 114 of the distribution network N that is the target of monitoring, the software can be small-scale, and the software is small in size. Productivity and maintainability are increased.

Furthermore, a so-called multiplex monitoring system is adopted in which microcomputers MCI to MC4 mutually monitor each other, and if any one of the microcomputers MCI to MC4 fails, another microcomputer MCI to MC4 takes its place. Improves overall system reliability. Furthermore, it is possible to construct a system at a lower cost than conventional single processor systems or duplex systems.

These points will be explained below using specific examples.

First, the extent to which the reliability of the entire system is improved will be explained in comparison with a conventional example.

First, let p be the capacity of a computer that monitors the entire power distribution network N, and let M be the number of divisions of the power distribution network N.

In this case, each microcontroller has the ability to monitor two small distribution networks simultaneously, so the capacity of - microcontrollers is 2p.
/M. If the failure rate Y per capacity p is a, -
The failure rate Yc of the microcomputer is 2a/M.

Then, the probability u that i microcontroller will fail among M microcontrollers is
The probability u2 that 1 and the remaining microcontrollers operate normally is
It is expressed by the following formula.

ul = (2a/M) u2-(]-2a/M) M' Also, each microcomputer has the ability to monitor two small distribution networks. Therefore, even if up to half of the M microcomputers become unusable, the operation of the entire system will not be affected. Therefore, the failure rate Zm of the entire system of this example is:
It is expressed by the following formula.

Table 1 below the figure shows calculation results of the failure rate of the conventional system and the failure rate of the system of this embodiment (when a=0.05).

Table 1 Comparison of system failure rates As shown in Table 1, in the system of this example,
As the number M of divisions of the distribution network N increases, the failure rate Zm of the entire system becomes dramatically smaller.

Next, the system of this embodiment will be explained in comparison with a conventional example from the viewpoint of system construction cost.

The cost per computer, f (
There are the following expressions for p).

f (p) = 60.37 x p2.03 (unit: 10,000 yen) Here, let p be the computer ability required to monitor and control the entire power distribution network N. Further, let M be the number of divisions of the power distribution network N, and let g (10,000 yen) be the cost of equipment for communicating between master stations per computer.

In this case, the construction cost Q of the entire system of the conventional example and this embodiment is expressed by the following formula.

■Single processor system construction cost QsQs
= f (p) ■Duplex system construction cost QdQd=2・f
(p)+2・g ■Cost of constructing the system of this embodiment Qm Qm = M−f (2p/M) 10 M−g For example, if 100 slave stations are placed in the distribution network N, all the slave stations The computer power required for supervisory control is p=8
(MIPS). At this time, g
= 100 (10,000 yen), the construction cost of each system can be estimated as shown in Table-2.

As shown in Table 2, if the number of divisions M is in the range of about 8 to 20, the system of this embodiment can be constructed at a considerably lower cost than a single processor system or a duplex system. Therefore, the system of this embodiment is very advantageous in terms of economy compared to the conventional example.

Table 2: Comparison of overall system construction costs Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described in 1. For example, it can be implemented as follows.

That is, in the embodiment described above, four microcomputers were provided so that one microcomputer for one small distribution network could back up any of the other three microcomputers for small distribution networks. However, one specific microcomputer may back up only one other predetermined microcomputer. Further, the data communication method may be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, a system that can perform reliable monitoring at low cost can be constructed, and the failure rate of the entire system can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a monitoring station part of a distribution line operation status monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a schematic diagram showing the entire system, Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the master station, Figures 4 (a) to (C) are explanatory diagrams showing the processing process of data frames representing the status of the microcomputer, and Figure 5
Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a data frame related to a slave station, Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the contents of the data frame, Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a slave station, and Figure 8 is a diagram showing a conventional distribution line monitoring device. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a power distribution network.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A communication network is provided corresponding to the power distribution network (N), and the communication network is provided with a first remote monitoring system corresponding to the power distribution equipment (1) on the power distribution network (N). A control means (C) is provided, and a second remote monitoring and control means (MC, P) including a computer,
the distribution network (N) via the first remote monitoring and control means (C);
In an operating status monitoring system for distribution lines that monitors and controls the operating status of distribution lines from a remote location, the distribution line network (N) is divided into M small distribution line networks (n), and each small distribution line network (n) is A small communication network (m) is provided in each communication network (m), and one computer (MC) is assigned to each communication network (m).
The first small distribution network (n) is controlled via the second small distribution network (n), and each computer (MC) is provided with the processing ability to control the second small distribution network (n). Information can be exchanged, and in the event of an emergency for one computer (MC), another computer (MC) should be in charge of the small distribution network (n) that should be in charge of the computer (MC) in case of an emergency. An operation status monitoring system for power distribution lines that also controls a small power distribution network (n). 2. The second remote monitoring and control means includes a master station (MC) disposed between each computer (MC) and each small communication network (m).
A control unit (U) for communicating information between computers (MC) is installed in each master station (P), and the master station (P) is directly connected to the control unit (U). computer (MC) and another computer (MC)
2. The monitoring system according to claim 1, further comprising a dual port ram (8) that can be accessed from both directions. 3. M separate control units (U) are arranged in each master station (P) corresponding to the small distribution network (n), and each control unit (U) ) is directly connected to the computer (MC), and the first remote monitoring and control means (C) on the small communication network (m) that the computer (MC) is in charge of can be accessed from both directions (8). 3. The monitoring system according to claim 2, further comprising: a.